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Lecture-02
Topics Addressed
Concrete Floor Systems
Analysis and Design of Slabs
Basic Design Steps
Example: Design of 90 x 60 Hall
References
Rib
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
Design
Once the analysis is done, the design is carried out in the
usual manner. So no problem in design, problem is only in
analysis of slabs.
Two-Way Behavior
10
11
12
13
14
One end
continuous
Both ends
continuous
Cantilever
Member
Solid one-way slabs
l /20
l /24
l /28
l /10
l /16
l /18.5
l /21
l /8
15
Beam
h
Wall
ln
lc/c
ln
lc/c
1)
2)
l = Minimum of [(ln +h) or c/c distance] ; for non-integral supports such as walls
with any distance & for integral supports (beams and columns) with ln > 10
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17
18
Prismatic
members
ln
1.2ln
Two or more spans
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Integral with
support
Spandrel
support
1/24
Column
support
1/16
Simple
support
ln
ln
ln
1/14
1/16
1/11
1/10*
1/11
1/11
1/10*
*1/9 (2 spans)
Positive
Moment
x wuln2
Negative
Moment
wuln2
* 1/11(on both faces of other interior supports)
x
20
10
Capacity Demand
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22
11
Main Reinforcement
Shrinkage Reinforcement
23
24
12
25
26
13
(Note that this is not the only option or the best option. Just
selected to make a one-way slab design case)
Section A-A
A
Interior span
End span
18
9.25
10
18
Section B-B
18
8.5
10
27
End span
Interior span
9.25
8.5
Both ends
continuous
Cantilever
Member
One end
continuous
l /20
l /24
l /28
l /10
l /16
l /18.5
l /21
l /8
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14
Thickness (in)
g (kcf)
Slab
0.15
Mud
0.12
Tile
0.12
Total
0.125 ksf
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Assume beam width = 18, clear lengths area shown in the figure:
M = coefficient wu ln2
30
15
31
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-0.2
Moment (kip-in/in)
-0.4
-0.6
0.58 kip-in/in
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
Beam Depth (Inches)
ACI Coefficient
- (1/12)
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
Moment (kip-in/in)
-1.29
32
16
This will work for both positive and negative steel as Asmin governs.
33
Main Reinforcement:
3hf = 3 6 =18
18
34
17
5hf =5 6 =30 OR 18
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36
18
Beam
37
At the far end the chairs are provided to support the negative reinforcement. As each bar
will need a separate chair therefore to reduce the number of chairs supporting bars are
provided perpendicular to the direction of negative reinforcement.
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19
39
Supporting bars
40
20
Therefore l = 61.5
Depth (h) = (61.5/16)(0.4+fy/100000)12= 36.9 (Minimum by ACI 9.5.2.2).
Take h = 5 = 60
d = h 3 = 57
bw = 18 (assumed)
41
10
10
= 2.14 k/ft
54
18 (assumed)
2.14 + 1.215 =
3.355 k/ft
Section A-A
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
42
21
Vu = 84.71 kip
Mu = 19034 in-kip
30.75
43
Step (a): According to ACI 8.12, beff for T-beam is minimum of:
16hf + bw = 16 6 + 18 =114
So beff = 114
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22
Re-calculate a:
a =Asfy/ (0.85fcbeff) =9.79 40/ (0.85 3 114) = 1.34 < hf
Therefore design beam as rectangular beam.
After trials As = 9.38 in2 {Asmax = 20.83 in2 ;Asmin = 5.13 in2}
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46
23
Skin Reinforcement
Skin
Reinforcement
With this spacing, 3 bars on each face are required. And for # 8 bar, the
total area of skin reinforcement is:
Askin = 6 0.80 = 4.8 in2
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48
24
24
Avfy/ 0.75
49
50
25
Other checks:
Vs 8
Vs = (Avfyd)/sd
51
Other checks:
Check if Vs 4
If Vs 4
Vs = (Avfyd)/sd
= (0.75 0.22 40 57)/9.5 = 39.6 k < 168.58 k, O.K.
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26
53
54
27
55
Wu = 3.355 k/ft
61.5
20
Column size = 18 18
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
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28
20
Analysis
Results
Mu (+ve) = 17627 in-kips
Mu (-ve) = 1407 in-kips
Column size = 18 18
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
57
58
29
59
Mu
60
30
c
gh
18
Size:
18 in. 18 in.
18
Loads:
Pu = 103.17 kips
Mu = 1407 in-kips
fc = 3 ksi,
fy = 60 ksi
61
column
strength
r = 0.01
Using 8 #6 bars
Strength Interaction Diagram (ACI Design Handbook)
62
31
Tie Bars:
Using 3/8 (#3) tie bars for 3/4 (#6) main bars (ACI 7.10.5),
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Drafting
64
32
Main
Reinforcement
65
Data Given:
Column size = 18 18
fc =3 ksi
fy = 40 ksi
qa = 2.204 k/ft2
66
33
Assume h = 15 in.
67
Sizes:
davg + c
B = 7
davg / 2 =
11/2 = 5.5
c = 18
davg + c
B = 7
68
34
Loads:
69
Analysis:
Punching shear:
= 90.85 kip
70
35
Critical Section
Analysis:
Flexural Analysis:
Mu = quBk2/2
k = (B c)/2 = (7 x 12 18)/2
qu
qu
= 33 in = 2.75
Mu = 2.105 7 2.75 2.75/2
= 55.72 ft-k
= 668.60 in-kip
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
71
Design:
davg
f bodavg
72
36
Design:
Mu = 668.60 kip-in
a = 0.2davg = 0.2 11 = 2.2
As = Mu/ {fy(davg a/2)} = 668.60/ {0.9 40 (11 2.2/2)} = 1.87
in2
a = Asfy/ (0.85fcB) = 1.83 40/ (0.85 3 7 12) = 0.35
After trials, As = 1.71 in2 (Asmin = 0.005Bdavg = 4.62 in2 so Asmin
governs)
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Main
Reinforcement
Design:
74
37
75
Slab Reinforcement
Beam Reinforcement
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38
Curtailed Bars
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
Skin Reinforcement
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78
39
79
12
14
16
18
20
4.0
(Using 6)
4.8
(Using 6)
5.6
(Using 6)
6.4
(Using 7)
7.2
(Using 8)
8.0
(Using 8)
19.97
29.55
40.99
58.10
79.21
98.64
0.144
0.17
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.41
80
40
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
10
15
20
25
81
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
15
Spacing Between the Beams (ft)
20
25
82
41
10
12
14
12007
15380
17627
19877
22126
Mu (-ve) (in-kip)
957
1226
1407
1585
1764
As (+ve) (in2)
5.90
7.56
8.68
9.80
10.93
Mu (+ve)(in-kip)
Note:
Mu (+ve)
Mu (-ve)
83
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0
6
8
10
Spacing Between Beams (ft)
12
14
16
84
42
2.
3.
85
Appendix C
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
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43
Appendix C
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
Go to slide no 14
87
References
ACI 318
Design of Concrete Structures by Nilson, Darwin and
Dolan
ACI Design Handbook
88
44
The End
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45