Contents

Part 1:

Introduction

Part 2:

Basic Principle

Part 3:

Product range

Part 4:

Meter Components

Part 5:

Applications and References

Part 6:

Calibration

Part 7:

General System Configuration

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 1

Absolute Digital Travel Time Method (1)

vm 0
L
t D tU t0
C

di

Vm=0

tD = travel time from A to B

L

= measuring line length

C = velocity of sound

tU = travel time from B to A

= measuring line angle
di = inside diameter

vm = mean, uncorrected gas velocity

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 2

Absolute Digital Travel Time Method (2)

tD =

L
C v m cos( )
L

tU =

L
C - v m cos( )

vm =

1 1
L

-
2 cos( ) t ab t ba

di

tD = travel time from A to B

tU = travel time from B to A

= measuring line angle

= measuring line length

C = velocity of sound

vm0

di = inside diameter

vm = mean, uncorrected gas velocity

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 3

Density vs. Velocity-of-Sound

Density [kg/m3]

10
1
0.1
0.01
100

1000

10000

Velocity of Sound [m/s]

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 4

Influence of Temperature
(variation of Velocity-of-Sound with temperature)

Velocity-of-Sound [m/s]

420
415
410
405
400
395
390
385

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Pressure [bar]
20 deg C

25 deg C

30 deg C

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 5

Influence of Composition

Velocity-of-Sound [m/s]

430
420
410
400
390
380
370
78

83

88

93

% Methane

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 6

Weighing Factor k

B
Vm

V = k . Vm
Knowledge is required about the Flow Velocity Profile
Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 7

Accuracy

vm

L
2cos

1 1

tD tU

C
2

1
1
k A
Q
2cos
tD tU

1
1

tU
tD

1. Unreliability in knowing the exact Installation Parameters

2. Inaccuracy of the Flow Meter: Instrument Error

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 8

Swirl

Vswirl
Vm

Swirl : Velocity perpendicular on pipe axis

Effects: no influence on total flow, but influence on time measurement

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 9

Double out-of-plane Bend

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 10

Velocity Profile Distortion (1)

Double out-of-plane bends:
Considered worst case
Creates profile distortion
Creates swirl
Reduces accuracy of k-Factor

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 11

Velocity Profile Distortion (2)

Other Sources:
Pipe diameter changes
Valves
Elbows
Tee sections
Spiral welded pipe

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 12

Velocity Profile Distortion (3)

What to do?
Well selected measurement point
Straight length upstream of meter
Flow conditioner
Flow profile determination
Swirl detection / compensation

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 13

Installation Parameters L, A, and k

Measuring Line Length (MRB) L

Inner Diameter Spool (MRB) A
Measuring Angles (MRB)
Wall Roughness of Spool (MRB) k

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 14

Instrument Error

C 2 t tan
V
4D

with = 60 this results in:

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 15

Absolute vs. Relative Error

3

0.02

relative Error [%]

0.01
1
0.005
0

0
-0.005

-1

-0.01

absolute Error [m/s]

0.015

-2
-0.015
-3

-0.02
0

10

15

20

25

30

Velocity [m/s]
Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 16

Calibration Graph (NMi Westerbork)

Calibration Curve
2.00
1.50
1.00

Error (%)

0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Flow Rate (%)

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 17

Benefits of Digital Travel Time Method (1)

Intrinsically high accuracy

Stable calibration over wide measuring range

Repeatability under actual operating conditions

Sensitivity - even at low flow rangeability

Two-way traffic

Easy to implement

Reliable

Resistance to wear or change of calibration

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 18

Benefits of Digital Travel Time Method (2)

Fast response

Rugged

Dynamic verification w/GC

No pressure drop

Low cost-of-investment, low cost-of-ownership

Ability to identify flow direction

Can be adapted to actual site conditions

Can be adapted to actual gas conditions

Analysen- und Prozessmesstechnik Sales Presentation FLOWSIC 600 March 2005 Seite 19