Introduction

There is hard to find interesting studies that can be easily criticized. Therefore the reason
why the writer choose the studies about Using cooperative learning method in enhancing
speaking skill in tertiary level by Asep Herdiyanto and Learning English using puppet show
for elementary students by Idda Astia as studies that will be analyzed because both of the
research were new and have different methods in terms of reaching their purpose of their studies
includes quantitative and qualitative methods.
Both of the studies divided into two different methods in reaching their objectives. In the
first study entitled Using cooperative learning method in enhancing speaking skill in tertiary
level by Asep Herdiyanto, he used quantitative research methods. In more detail, he used
independent group t-test to analyze the mean score in the pre-test and post-test. The second study
entitled Learning English using puppet show for elementary students by Idda Astia used
qualitative research method in order to analyze the learning English through puppet show for
elementary students in elementary school. In the studies there were found some drawbacks in
their methods. However the writer think that these drawback were not fundamentally influence to
their results of the studies.
The studies were collected from 7 th COTEFL International Conference proceeding. The
conference has been held by Literature Faculty of University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto on
16-17 May 2015. Based on the proceeding the writer only found that the author of the first study
entitled Using cooperative learning method in enhancing speaking skill in tertiary level is Asep
Herdianto. He comes from English department of Lampung University. Meanwhile the author of
the second Study entitled Learning English using puppet show for elementary students is Idda
Astia. She comes from Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya. Moreover the writer could not
find more detail information about the authors due to limited access and time.
Their studies were intended to English educators in EFL context. In the first study the
intention of the writer was giving understanding to the English educators to the use of
cooperative learning method in enhancing speaking skill. In the second study the intention of the
writer was giving understanding to the English educators about how puppet can be used in
teaching learning process for young learners.

In the end the introduction section, the aim of writing this critical review is not to analyze
the whole aspects of the studies. But here, the writer intention only to analyze the research
method from both of the studies.
Summary
In the first study entitled Using cooperative learning method in enhancing speaking skill
in tertiary level by Asep Herdiyanto, the aim of this study is to find out the impact of
cooperative learning (group investigation method) in enhancing students speaking skill. The
research design used quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group pre-test post-test
design. The classes were choose purposively with a member from each class were 34 (control)
and 30 (experiment). Only in experimental group who received instruction in speaking skill
based on the cooperative learning. The instrument use in this study was speaking test
performance. Before conducting test the instrument was tested its own validity and reliability. In
the data analysis, the study used descriptive and inferential statistic. In order to find out the
impact of cooperative learning group investigation method on speaking skill, descriptive
statistics including mean scores, standard deviation of pre- and post-test were used. Inferential
analysis was used to find out if any significant differences were found between the control group
and experimental group. Before conducting t-test the research conducted pre-requirements test
namely normality and homogeneity test to know the real condition of the test.
In the second study entitled Learning English using puppet show for elementary
students by Idda Astia, the aim of this study is to find out the technical impacts of studying
English using puppet show in terms of positive attraction to the students engagement and
classroom management. To answer the objective of this study, the researcher used qualitative
method in order to analyze the learning English through puppet show for elementary students
(young learners in elementary school. In detail, the study used descriptive qualitative method.
The data were 31 students in Yamasa Islamic elementary school. She stated that most of the
students do not have passion to learn English. In her study several procedures used to collect the
data. There are two stages in collecting the data. The first stage, the data were taken by recording
when the teacher was teaching the students as usual. The second stage, the data were taken by
recording the teacher when he was teaching the students by using puppet show as the
instructional medium. Besides, the data collection also use interview to the teacher and students.

The step in collecting the data includes recording both teaching as usual and using puppet, take
anote, interview, and analyze the data.
Analysis of the Presentation
In the first study entitled Using cooperative learning method in enhancing speaking skill
in tertiary level by Asep Herdiyanto, the use of quasi-experimental data analysis to find out the
impact of cooperative learning (group investigation method) in enhancing students speaking
skill is quite accurate. Quasi-experimental design also provides fruitful information for the
advancement of research (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010 cited in Levy & Ellis, 2011). But the
researcher did not put the reason why he used purposive sampling in gaining the data. Although
it is possible for the researcher to use purposive sampling in collecting the data, the strong reason
must be included to avoid misperception or misinterpreting for the reader. As Maxwel (1996, p.
71-72) says that we can use purposive sampling in our research in order to reach several aspects
such as: achieving representativeness of the settings, individuals, or activities selected; to capture
heterogeneity in the population; deliberately examine cases that critical for the theories that you
began the study with; establish particular comparisons to illuminate the reasons for the
differences between setting or individual.
In the research instrument the criteria when he tested the students in order to gain the data
is not really clear whether it is adapted, adopted or self-made. But he did validity and reliability
test for his instrument which is a good thing to do to make sure that the instrument that he use is
valid and reliable or not. In the data analysis, the researcher did not give clear information about
what kind of result that will prove that the use of Cooperative learning method enhance students
speaking skill. There is only state that the mean from experiment and control group will be
compared. But what kind of result that prove the research objective was not explained clearly.
In the second study entitled Learning English using puppet show for elementary
students by Idda Astia, the use of qualitative research method was appropriate with the
researcher objective which is aimed to analyze technical impacts of studying English using
puppet show in terms of positive attraction to the students engagement and classroom
management. But there is unusual thing stated in the sample of the data. She stated briefly about
the sample of the data that is Yamasa Islamic Elementary school students. She also had strong

believe that most of the students do not have passion to learn English. But when she stated her
believe she did not put strong evidence that the students there do not have passion to learn
English.
In the data analysis, she states that the first stage, the data were taken by recording when
the teacher was teaching the students as usual. The second stage, the data were taken by
recording the teacher when he was teaching the students by using puppet show as the
instructional medium. Besides, the data collection also use interview to the teacher and students.
The last she analyzed the data. The problem here, the reader could not see about what will
researcher do after recording the teaching process and interviewing the teacher and students after
get different approach. She did not state brief explanation in analyzing the data. This condition
could make the reader feel confused about how the data will be analyzed before the read the
result.
Responds to the presentation
Based on the first study entitled Using cooperative learning method in enhancing
speaking skill in tertiary level by Asep Herdiyanto, the writer has same believe that the use of
quasi-experimental data analysis to find out the impact of cooperative learning (group
investigation method) in enhancing students speaking skill is the best approach. Quasiexperimental design also provides fruitful information for the advancement of research (Leedy &
Ormrod, 2010 cited in Levy & Ellis, 2011). But it would be better if the researcher put the reason
why he used purposive sampling in gaining the data. Because the use of data is very fundamental
in research. There is not easy to state that the data were purposive sampling or not without any
rational reason. In order to avoid misperception or misinterpreting for the reader, stating the
reason why the data were chosen purposively is very important. As Maxwel (1996, p. 71-72)
says that we can use purposive sampling in our research in order to reach several aspects such as:
achieving representativeness of the settings, individuals, or activities selected; to capture
heterogeneity in the population; deliberately examine cases that critical for the theories that you
began the study with; establish particular comparisons to illuminate the reasons for the
differences between setting or individual.

In terms of research instrument, stating what kind of instrument that will be used in the
research also important. We have to put appropriate reason about what kind of instrument that is
used in our study. It is possible to adapt, adopt or self-made about our study. But the most
important thing is that we have to put expert statement toward this thing. The writer also agree to
the use of validity and reliability test for his instrument which is a good thing to do to make sure
that the instrument that he use is valid and reliable or not. The last the writer thing that the
researcher should state about what kind of result that will prove that the use of Cooperative
learning method enhance students speaking skill. For example, the researcher stated If the
Asymp. sig. is higher than the level of significance (0.05), means of the experiment and control
groups were significantly different.
In the second study entitled Learning English using puppet show for elementary
students by Idda Astia, the writer also agree to the use of qualitative research method to analyze
technical impacts of studying English using puppet show in terms of positive attraction to the
students engagement and classroom management. But the writer think that this s inappropriate
to stated briefly about the sample of the data that is Yamasa Islamic Elementary school
students. Moreover when we put some believe for example in this research most of the
students do not have passion to learn English, we have to give strong evidence that the students
there do not have passion to learn English to avoid the judgmental idea.
In the data analysis, putting stages of the research is a good thing. But it would be better
to state about what the researcher will do after getting the data. For example after recording the
teaching process and interviewing the teacher and students after get different approach, how the
researcher will analyze it. It is important to clearly state whether there will be analyzed by
categorizing each answer or make a brief description from the data. So the reader could easily
understand about the process of analyzing the data in order to get the result of the study.
Conclusion
Based on writer understanding, the writer agree for several aspects in the research. In
terms of the election of the research method, the writer have same idea that in the first study the
use of quantitative method in order to reach the research objective is a best choice. It also same

for the second study that picked qualitative research method to answer her research question is
the best choice.
But, the writer found several anomaly from both of the research. In the first study he did
not clearly explain why he used purposive sampling and he also did not state what kind of result
that will prove that the use of Cooperative learning method enhance students speaking skill. In
the second study, putting briefly information about the sample without any further information
that support it is quite anomaly. The researcher also did not state about what she will do in
analyzing the data.
Reference
Levy, Yair & Ellis, T. J. (2011). A Guide for Novice Researchers on Experimental and QuasiExperimental Studies in Information Systems Research. Florida USA: Interdisciplinary
Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management Volume 6, 2011.
Maxwell, J. (1996). Qualitative Research Design, An Interactive Approach. London: Sage
Publications, Inc.
Hardiyanto, A. (2015). Using Cooperative Learning Method in Enhancing Speaking Skill in
Tertiary Level. The 7th COTEFL International Conference Fakultas Sastra Universitas of
Muhammadiyah Purwokerto 16-17 May 2015. Purwokerto: Faculty of Letters
University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Astia, I. (2015). Learnng English Using Puppet Show for Elementary Students. The 7th COTEFL
International Conference Fakultas Sastra Universitas of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
16-17 May 2015. Purwokerto: Faculty of Letters University of Muhammadiyah
Purwokerto

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON TWO DIFFERENT RESEARCHES

(QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE)
LECTURE: DADANG SUDANA, Dr., M.A.
RESEARCH METHOD
MID-TEST ASSIGNMENT

IMAN HILMANSYAH
1402203

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

POST-GRADUATE STUDY
INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
2015