Reference Sheet

Measurement Systems and Conversions

Length
Metric

Imperial

Conversions

1 metre, m.

1 foot, ft.

1 inch 2.54 cm

10 mm = 1 cm

1 foot, ft, = 12 inches, in.,

1 foot 30.48 cm

100 cm = 1 m

3 feet = 1 yard, yd.

1 yard 0.9144 m

1000 m = 1 km

5280 ft = 1760 yd = 1 mile, mi.

1 mile 1.609 km

Volume
Metric System

Imperial System

Conversions

16 fluid ounces = 1 pint

1 fluid ounce 29.574 mL

2 pints = 1 quart

1 pint 0.473 L

4 quarts = 1 gallon

1 gallon 3.785 L

Metric System

Imperial System

Conversions

1000 grams, g = 1 kilogram, kg

16 ounces = 1 pound

1 ounce 28.35 g

1000 kg = 1 ton, t

2000 pounds = 1 ton (US)

1 pound 0.454 kg

1000 millilitres, ml = 1 Litre, L.

Mass

1 ton 0.907 t

Trigonometry
Sum of Interior Angles = 180 deg. for all triangles.
Pythagorean Theorem (True for Right Angle Triangles Only)
SOH CAH TOA
c2 = a 2 + b 2

c
b

a 2 = c2 b 2
b 2 = c2 a 2

Sine Law (True for all triangles)

a
b
c

sin A sin B sin C

Cosine Law (True for all triangles)

a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
b 2 a 2 c 2 2ac cos B
c 2 a 2 b 2 2ab cos C

b2 c2 a2
2bc
2
a c2 b2
cos B
2 ac
2
a b2 c2
cos C
2 ab

cos A

Financial and Other Formulas

Simple

Simple

I Prt

A P (1 r t )

Annuity

FV

Pmt ( 1 i ) 1
i

Compound

A P (1 i )

PV

FV
(1 i ) n

Annuity

( FV )(i )

Pmt

( 1 i)

Annuity

Annuity

1 (1 i ) n
PV Pmt

Compound
n

Pmt

( PV )(i )
1 (1 i ) n

Net worth = Assets Liabilities

)

Savings = Income - Expenses

Per capita = per person

Percentile rank.

Percent change.
%
=

+ 0.5

(100)

Factor: A multiplier. (Factor = new value/old value.)

(100)

Weighted Mean (An Index is a weighted

mean)
=(category average)(category weighting) +
(category2 avg.)(category2 weighting)+etc

Surface Area and Volume of 3 Dimensional Objects

Shape
Rectangular Solid

Prisms

Cylinder

Diagram

Volume, V
V = lwh
Or
V=(base area)(height)

= [(

)()]

V = r2 h

Or SA = sum of side areas

SA = 2b + h(a + b + c)

SA = (2r)h + 2(r2)

Pyramid
=

Surface Area, SA
SA= 2(lw + lh +wh)

)()]

[(
3

SA = (base area) + 4(sh/2),

where s = slant height.

Cones

V= 1/3 r2h

SA=r2 + r

Sphere

V = 4/3 r3

SA = 4r2

Geometry
Shape
Rectangle

Diagram

Perimeter
P = sum of all sides; or
P=2(l +w)

A = lw

Parallelogram

P = 2(b+a)

A = bh

Triangle

P=a+b+c

A = bh
2

Trapezoid

P = a + b1 + b2 + c

b b2
A 1
h
2

Circle

C = d

A = r2

or
C = 2r

Area