r aq Designation: A 320/A 320M — 94a (Reapproved 1995)" An Arata Natonal Sandan Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service’ ‘Ths andar is ised urder he ed desgtaton 32014 12104 he number inal ellowing the designation nde he eur ‘gal adept ox a he case of revise. the year of las iin A ruber panes cache yo of ls eae ‘supers epson iad an eter chung sine the last even apna, ‘hs standard hasbeen aponoved for ase by ages ofthe Depart of Defense, Comal th DoD Inder of Speicatons and Sunda forte spec war of ue whch hat been aed bythe Deparment of Doone 1 Non—Keywords were alle in December 108 4, Scope 1.1 This specication? covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fiings for low- temperature service. The term “bolting material” a used inthis specification covers rolled, forged, or strain hardened bars, bolts, serews, studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot” wrought. The material may be farher processed by centeriess nding or by cold drawing, Austenitie stainless steel may be solution annealed or anneaied and strain-hardened 1.2 Several grades are covered, including both feritc and austenitic stels designated L7, BB, etc, Selection will depend on design, service conditions. mechanical properties, ant low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine thatthe material can conform to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Tabie 2 impact energy values at ~150°F [-101°C), iditional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P and $ contents thin might normally be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required. Nore 1—The committe formulating this specification fas included Several grades material that have boen rather extensively used fo the resent purpose. Other compositions will be considete for inclusion by ‘he commie trom time to time asthe need becomes apparent. User. Should note that hardenabilty of some oF the grades mentioned oy Festi the manimum size at which the requivedmectenical properties ate inable 1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered in Section 9 and the mut material shall be impact tested 14 Supplementary Requirements (S1, 82, and $3) of an ptional nature are provided. They shall apply only when "Ths pistons unde juste of ASTM Commitee A-1 on Si Stes Sci and Relaed Alloys and the tect espns of Sobeommice ‘40122 om Vives, Figs Wot, and Fines Co High and Sarmonpleic Reapers Cent ction appraved lune 15, 1994 Pblihed Auge 1954 Orsi Ioiea ab 4320-48. Lan prio eon A 32-98 or ASME Bote an Pes Vel Code aplication. se late Spcit ‘ation S320 Seton I Ha Cove specitied in the inquiry, contract and order. 1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However. unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate~ "ial shall be furnished to inch-pound nits, 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard, Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, cach system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the ‘wo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- cation, 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards A28/A 29M | Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Require- ments for? AI98IA 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Service" A276 Specification for Stainless and Hest-Resisting Steel Bars and Shapes? A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing ‘of Steel Produets* A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products® E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Mateials* E 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Curent) Sorting of Ferrous Metals? F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers! 2.2 American National Standards Institute Standards:® B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws Annual Book of ASTM Sandan, Wo 01.08, Aral Book of ASTM Stands, Wa 01.08 ‘oval Book of ASTM Standard Val 1.98 "al Boot of ASTM Stade, Wal 08 BL Amal Bask of ASTM Sudan, No 3.98 * ual Book of ASTM Stan, So 18.8 ‘Aaa from American Nana Standards laste, 11 Wes 2nd St, 3th Flor New York NY 1036 185re ih a 320/a 320M TABLE 1 Wachanica! Requirements Tersle vs Stengin BONGO pecan et Teeatment sgn, ms iain OBIE adnegs Class and Grade, Distr in mm wird wafers ‘so Am ae TMPa) ose) rennin. ~ Feriie Sele Ta ree Te LL 785 105 © a 2vs(65) and uniee™ uenehed an ened 1 35 ire 28. 105 6 0 "4 10) ans uncer quenched ana tenoerod (080 1725) um 100 20. 8 50 2a HB or ‘98 HRB 2568) ane unaer* usncned and engensd a EOF 1690) 880) "e20°C) mon u 8 105 16 50 1 es and uncer ‘uarenod an tempared vaso) 725) - Gass 188,886, baw. BaP atid slvion vested = 3 cs BSB or BAF, BB. BBLN, SEMEN. a sametere i515) 08) 96 HB (lass TA BAA, BCA, BAMA, BOPA, ‘arise sokison vaste athe 78 o 8 50 12H ore” ‘BAA, BETA, BBLNA, nse conten ists) 176 Class 2 68, Bac, 89% BEF, B8T abide sition vest nd sin arden 220) ar uncer us 100 2 85 321 Hors (8604 reso) HRC cover Sto (2040 25) nel 18 20 18 9 aerHB Oras (es) isso) Re ver 10 (85 10S ne "08 eS 2 35 aH ors oT) Hac. rer Fv to 1 4 1821 4 mer "ec 0 2 45 sei Horas Fees) HRC lace 2 Bone carbide sauion Yeats ae san ‘ardenee 24 20) ar unos 10 96 6 “6 ve 1855) over 910 2010 25) et 00 20 20 “6 (em) 50) lover 110 1 4[25 6 3, eS 5 2s “ ) ver #488115 (82 40 ne 20 2 30 45 se1Horas 20) 1385) HC. 7 These per dante ln ware etaaed one basis at hve war he lvgesl sues commonly avalabe hat conaony re speclicavon popeay ams Tay arg no ita 25 absolute tts beyond whisn bong atonal coud na ange: be eared to the spectcaion ‘To mest te tans vequremants he Brn Morano sal ot bless tha 200 HB oF 98 HAS © Closet products are rade fom soon sealed ate. Cass A pou arecokton eed ithe fnhod condition ler oroion resistance, nat treatments tal or ehareing ss psi ropery and meet ne mochancsl pron requroments. Case ® products ee rave tm sowie ated mata hat has sok ai hardened, Auer steel nthe sin hardened conden may ret show unto properies Irougrou ie ross secon, parlessanynstos ove et 20 ea For sizes én (20 nm) in ameter ae smater,@ maxmuen nardnes o 241 HE (100 HA) is pemites. TABLE 2_impact Energy Absorption Requirements AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag. Appli- ‘Meira pac Van Miwa Inga Vas cation Standard!” Sect spe, Rogrectorswerage | "Perea Ore ca tach Seto Tree Specimen Ony oa Species ND) ‘Seca 3. Ordering Information seBeqpt® ~The inquiry and order for material under this specifica- ews tion shall include the following as required to describe the tous material adequately — - 3.1.1 Specification designation latest issue, and analysis by Tour io py” grade as selected from Table 3, ioe rs 288) _ 3.1.2 Heat-treated condition (hati, for the austenitic stain "See 82 51 rp amps less steels, solution treated (Class 1); solution treated after finishing (Class 1A), and annealed- and strain-hardened (Class 2 B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Serews 3.1.3 Quantity (number of pieces or weight), BI8.22.1 Plain Washers 23° AIAG Standard: "Avail fom Autnuativ Industry Aston Group 24200 Lae, Suite 208 186 eee cll\ Gh a szo/a 320m 414 Description of tems required (bars, bots, screws, oF #27 pimensons (mse. gh of point, overall nth finish, shape. and threads). 116 Nuts and washers. if required by purchaser, in accor dance with Section 9 BLT End use, 318 Supplementary requirements, if any, and 3.19 Special requirements, in accordance with 4.3.1. 4.3.2. 433, 730104, HA. and 11 4, Materials and Manufacture 4.1 Process—The steel shalt be produced by any of the TABLE 3. Chemical Requirements (Composition, %)* following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, clectric-furmace. of vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refin ing. The molten steel may be Vacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot. The basic oxygen process shall be limited. to steels containing not over 6% chromium, 42 Discard—A sulficient discard shall be made to secure Ireedom trom injurious piping and undue segregation. 4.3 Heat Treament a - Steels \aerenion 7 i e770 aun 8. 76,u79 u uw ove MU BU vou we Giomimaoyaieum Carbon Ceorsars Tae Givarmon” Nal Grom (WSI140, 4842 0° Malyodarum Moyoaoren ‘Mojodenum Mayécerure rade a) (ars 4037) wisi) ser "ast Lom Caren Boron Produc Proaich Prodaat Prod Proaict Prowse Ange, SION. Range, VATHON. Range, VERSION. ange, VanstOn’% Range, VANSIONX gag, verses Swe Owe Grew rt Ore Or ter? ie ers Under od Soom 002 002 085m 038.092 0a8- 008 10a ue a0 oa oa ‘03 o- Mangaese oe 900 070. aca os ook go 003 ate g 390 00 (3 vo Prospons, 00s 005 0036 ods © 008s oas ss as «msm Sutimax 0040 0008040 once 0a ons nae 00s 49 oom” 008s stean Or 0c” ots. ode s= ones” ons. aes ae 035 03s 036 as 035 930 Net 04o- 0318-05, 070 200 005 pe ons oat og? 03 “0 Deo 090 002 oz. one ons ome zt ome ene 030 25 030 030 001 _ _ _ ‘2000 ‘asian Sow, Cease 1, TA ara bP _ 36,888 Corry Ursiaoieed 18 Cooma Nike ai Type 308) Ti 1 Grom wa AS THEOL Prost Vator, Procuctvaraten ange —Pae Perse % " (em naar ese Over or reer orcas Dae 001 over 008 01 ovr Manganese, max 200 008 ove 200 004 over Prose, ous 2010 ower ones D010 ever Sune max a0 0005 oe 030 2.005 ever Scan 00 0.05 over 100 B05 over Neat A010. on 90-130 ors roman tee-zo0 020 170-190 020 (Corum + tartan 10 carton 005 unser4 a s20/a 320m TABLE 3 Continued iv sr, ara 5PBaPA ce sem, Baen vguotond 3 $8 cremumi0Nioe | sabes 18 chemin “Sharma ah Added Sur tn An Soren 9 Goose eke (I Type 321) Neket AS Type 306 with ype se) Type. Se) MOST AS Type | ‘enc ea) ea J east Front Frese ven veo vee § vere version ranges nse 2 rarons AS ages Sage , ee MO og Derg MS eee Maat oe e's tio? Mh Dos Ociowr G08 Ov ow OTS ddl ow O18 ‘Odi owe Oae ; 20) doer 207 Snore 200 Gonomr 200 Otome | Soe Goss doidawr 0045 Satan 899 Gotoom dso Soom obs Oates | tai mar Sousa O05 mar dtmsom 018.mn Onwi” OGk.mx OBIDere Ofsemex oases || $00" teow 500°" Oaserer tao” Gos too Gos tan gana an eG te aoe tap, : 120 o4s so ONS oo 10 100 149 08 1 we ve v0 wo 190 020 190 08 0020 130 (020 sao 020 ‘ 20 010 ' S00 045; oaunder a in ~ Rae St ae oo : Identification Symbot __ _____ BBL. BALA _ _ ‘BSMLN, BEMLNA I : Urspizes 1 Geer Nowa wih Nkopen—~ Urvabiaed 19 Crema 10 Wek Wayaapan wah jee aS Tpe Sea wn etc xt) ‘ivogen (SI Tye stew van estar taka Product Variation, % Product Varaion, & ‘ Rooyen ST forge —ecetvaraen S| ee Over oF Under ‘ne Over oF Under ® : xton ax 2090 0005 or cow 5 ow é Nergorese, max 200 Sonor 200 0010 oe rospors. max oes D010 ome aus 210 om Soke man Soae soos oer a0 008 ove ‘ Stone tae Sosewen on 205 om |e Now Boros ons ‘ebro a5 13 Srorien t0'200 a0 0-100 22 wjecone Sonnto 210 Noten ain-oxe on aioe “Tre nina addton of B.S, Te, ond Pb ot pelied orca! fr Grade BF. whch searaun spacing and ere 2 Proaet anand dotarmratons sornetmes vary om te spect kets om rages At shown m te tables, The sever Gotorrintons of any vc loment a heat ey rt vary bn above an blow he spots ange For te L7M grace, «minum carbon content 0.28 hs peril [roves thatthe requ tense propertes ire metin the secon sts nied the use AS 4130 0 a4 alowed Clas 1 ae mace rom schvion-realc mata. Css 1A product (BBA, BACA, BBA, BBPA, BAA, end BETA) are sokutorteated i De fhod cnstion. hss | 0 2 posts we toon ene and wronrsoee : | 4.3.1 The bolting mterial shall be allowed to cool 10 room order, material shall be solution tested in the finished condi: temperature aftr rolling of forging. Grades L7.L7A, L7B, tion: material so treated is described a Class UA t L7C. LIM, 143.1, 70,71, U72, and L73 shal be reheated 4.3.2. When increased mechanical propentie are desired, the | tv above the upper ertial temperature and liquid quenched austenitic bolting matenals shall be solution annealed ond | T ain! tempered, Grades BS, BSC. BRM, BST, BEF BSP, BSLLN, strain handened if specified in the purchase order: material 30. | fi ang BSMLN shall receive a carbide solution eatment, Prod: treated is ientiied as Class A cis made trom such material are deseribed as Class 1. This 4.3.3 If scale-free bight finish is eequired this shall be shall consist of holding the material fora salicient tine at a specified inthe purchase ones temperature at which the chromium carbide will go into 4.3.4 For L7M bolting, the final heat weatment, which may | solution and then cooling in air or ina Higuid medium a rate be the tempering or stess-rlieving operation conducted st | € sufficient t prevent repreciptation of the carbide. Material 1150°F (620°C) minimum, shall he done after machining or | thus treated is described as Class 1. specified in the parchaxe rolling ofthe threads va ec ccclUl, i) a s20/a 320M ‘5, Chemical Composition, 5.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heal of steel shall tbe made by the manulacturer 1 determine the percentages of the elements specified in Table 3. This analysis shall be made from a (est ingot taken during the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall he reported to the purchaser or the purchaser's representative, and shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3. 5.2 Product Anaivsis—An analysis may be made by the purchaser from samples representing the bolting material, ‘The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3 53 The steel shall not contain an unspecified clement for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requisements of another grade for which that element is a specified element. Furthermore, clements present in concentra- tions greater than 0.75 weighupercent shall be reported. ‘Chemical analysis shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods A 75 6.1 Tensile Properties: 6.1.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 1 at room temperature ater heat treatment (see 4.3.1). 6.1.2 Number af Tests 6.12.1 For heat-treated bars, one tension test and one impact test consisting of three specimens shall be made tor cach diameter of each heat represented in each tempering charge. In the continuous type treatment, a charge shall he defined as 6000 Tb [2700 ke}, 6.1.2.2 For studs, bolts, screws, cte., one tension test and. fone set of three impact specimens shall be made for each diameter of each heat involved in the lot. Each lot shall consist ofthe following: ‘lamate ne Lot Sie hal 10] ae under ver 30) 301 445 ne (ver 34 5 2 465), et Over? ses} 1500 (580) er racon mere 4500 [2040 acten threct {500 2700] 9 ration here? 6.1.2.3 Tension und impact tests are not required to be made fon bolts, screws, studs, oF stud bolts which are fabricated from heat-treated bars furnished in accordance with the requirements of this specification and tested in accordance with 6.1.21 brovided they are not given a subsequent heat treatment 6.1.3 Test Specimens—Tension test specimens taken trom finished bolts, screws. studs, or stud bolts shall be machined to the form and dimensions and shall be taken from positions shown in Annex A3 on Steel Fasteners, paragraph A3.2.1.7 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370, ‘Tension test specimens from bar stock are covered by Test Methods and Definitions A370 in Annex AL, “Steel Bar Products.” 6.1.4 Test Method —Tension tesis shall be made in accor dance with Test Methods and Detinitions A 370 including Speed of testing in the scetion on Testing Apparatus. nd Operations, on speed of testing, and the parts of Annex A3, “Steel Fasteners.” applicable to machined test specimens. 6.2 Impact Properties 6.2.1 Requirements 6.2.1.1 Material of Grades L7. LTA, L7B, L7C, LIM, LA3,, 170, L714, L72, and L73 shall show a minimam impact energy absorption of 20 ft Ib¢ [27 J] and of Grade Lia minimum impact energy absorption of 40 tt - lef {54 J} at the test temperature when tested by the procedure specified in the applicable portions of Sections 19 to 28 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370, The temperature of the coolant used for chilling the test specimens shall be controlled within +3°F [15°C]. Impact tests are not required for catbide solution {reated or strain hardened Grades BS, BRE, BSP, BSM, BRT. BLN, and BSMLN for temperatures above -325°F |-200°C} for carbide solution treated Grades BS, BSP, BSC, and B8LN above ~425°F [-255°C]: for all ferritic and austenitic steel ‘grades of bolting “sn. (12.5 mm) and smaller in diameter. All ‘ther material furnished under this specification shall be tested. Test temperatures for ferritic grades are listed in Table 4 Exceptions to this requirement are permissible, and the impact, tests may be made al specified temperatures diferent than those shown in Table 4, provided the test temperature is at least as low as the intended service temperature and the bolting is suitably marked to identify the reported test temperature. When, impact testing is required for austenitic grades, test critena shall be agreed upon between the supplier and purchaser. 6.2.1.2 The impact test requirements for standard and sub- size Charpy test specimens are prescribed in Table 2 6.2.2 Number of Tess: 6.2.2.1 The test requirements for heat-treated bars are given in 6121 6.2.2.2 For test requirements on studs, bolts, screws, etc see 6.1.2.2 and 6.1.2 6.2.2.5 Impact tests are not required to be made on heat- treated bars, bolis, serews. studs, and stud bolts in, (125 mm} and under in diameter. 6.2.3 Test Specimens: 6.2.3.1 The impact test specimen shall have the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 10 of Test Methods and Definitions A.370 for the Charpy V-notch specimen, Type A. The notch shall be located on the test specimen surface which most closely approaches « radial direction. The base of the notch shall be as nearly as practicable perpendicular to the surface of the bat. 6.2.3.2 For sections 1 in. [25 mm] or less in diameter, test specimens shall be taken atthe axis; for sections aver I in. [25 mm} in diameter, midway between the axis and the suriace 6.3 Hardness Requirements: 6.31 The hardness shall conform to the requirements pre- scribed in Table 1 with testing performed in accordance with ‘Test Methods and Definitions A 370, 6.3.2 The maximum hardness of Grade L7M shall be 235 HB or 99 HRB (conversion in accordance with Table 2B of TABLE 4 Recommended Test Temperature for Stock © Tne, ire, a Ta U.t7a, LB, 7, Sor va, ar AGH ew.‘Gh a 320/A 320M ‘Test Methods and Definitions A 370). Minimum hardness shall not be less than 200 HB or 93 HRB. Conformance 10 this hardness shall be ensured by testing the hardness of each stud oF bolt by Brinel! or Rockwell B methods as described in the sections on Brinell Test, Portable Hardness Test, and Rockwell Test of Test Methods and Detiaitions A 370, 6.3.2.1 The use of 100% electromagnetic testing for hard- ress a8 an alternative to 100 % indentation hardness testing is Permissible when qualified by sampling using indentation hardness testing. Each lot tested for hardness electromagnet cally shall be 100 % examined in accordance with Practice 566, Following electromagnetic testing for hardness, a ran- dom sample of a minimum of 100 pieces in each purchase lot (as defined in 6.1.2.2) shall be tested by indentation hardness methods. All samples must meet hardness requirements. to Permit acceptance of the lot. If any one sample is outside of the specified maximum or minimum hardness, the lot shall be rejected and either reprocessed and resampled. or tested 100% by indentation hardness methods 6.3.2.2 In the event a controversy exists relative to min ‘mum strength, tension tests shall prevail over hardness read. ings. Products which have been tested and found acceptable shall have a line under the grade symbol 6.3.2.3 Surface preparation for indentation hardness testing shall be im accordance with Test Methods E 18. Harness tests shall be performed on the end of the bolt of stud. When this impractical, the hardness test shall be performed elsewhere. 7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 7.1 Bolts, serevis, studs, and stud bolts shall be pointed and shall have 2 workmanlike finish. Points shall be flat and chamfered or rounded at option of the manufacturer. Length of points on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor ‘more than two complete threads as measured from the extreme fend parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud bolts shall be measured from first thread to first thread. 7.2 Standard permissible variations for dimensions of bars shull be as prescribed in Tuble 5. Aside from the tolerances given in Table 5, additional tolerances for the basic materials are given in Specifications 29/ 29M and A 276, 7.3 Bolt heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions of ANSI BI8.2.L. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series should be used, except the TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Size of Hot-Rolled ars Ouro Spetid Sze Semis oe i cy Unser Salehar acer 0008" 013 as Over eto ve(t, et 00D B18 8008 ver Tato Wel) inet 0007 BIB 3007 Over sete aiz2l inet 0.008020 3.008 Over ato 151.06 0008-073 300 O23 DON O33 Queries wiza].me_ 9010025901) O25 DIS Oe (2.rei Oon 928 de! O98 DoIe oat Ours utors[ss} O12 050 D012 Gad DOW OMe Overt Seto 1 (98h nd 0918 9:98 oo aa O62 O58 Ore 15102 (seh inc oe BaD 040 0023 Ose Qui 22 ies iped vs O79 Od 0.09 O88 190 ‘maximum body diameter and radius of fillet may be the same as for the Heavy Hex Bolt Series. Sucket-head fasteners shall be im accordance with ANSI BI8.3. 8. Retests 8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test lot do not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer may retreat such lot not more than twice, in which ease two additional tension tests and one additional impact test consis ing of three specimens shall be made from such fot, all of which shall conform to the requirements specified. 9, Nuts and Washers 9.1 Bolts, studs. and stud bolls of Grades L7, L7A, L7B, LIC. L43. L170, L7I. L72, and L73 shall be equipped with ferritic alloy nuts conforming to Grade 4 or Grade 7 of Specification A 194/A 194M or a grade of steel similar to the studs, Gride 7M nuts at a hardness not exceeding 235 HB (or equivalent) shall be used with Grade L7M bolts, studs, and stud bolts. All nut materials, including those which may be supplied under Specification A 194/A 194M, shall be subject t0 the impact requirements of this specification in the following ‘manner: impact tests shall be made on test specimens taken tom the bar or plate from the heat of steel used tor manufac. (uring the nuts, and heat teaied with the nut blanks. 9.2 Bois. studs, and stud bolts of Grades B8, B8C, BST, BSP, BSF. BSM, BSLN, and BEMLN shall be equipped with saustenitic alloy nuts conforming to Grades 8, 8C. ST, 8F. 8M, SLN, and 8MLN for Specification A 194/4 194M ‘are not required tor Grades 8F. $M, 87. and SMLN for temperatures above ~325°F [~200°C] and for Grades 8. 8B, 8C, tnd SLN above ~425°F [255°C] 93°F the purchaser requires nuts with a Charpy impact energy absorption of mot less than 20 ft - Wot [27 J] at temperatures below ~150°F [100°C], he may require that the ‘nuts conform to Grades 8, 8C, 8M, BP, 8T, 8E, SLN, or SMLN. of Specification A 194/4 194M, 9.4 Washers for use with ferrtie steel boltin to Specification F 436, 9.5 Washers for use with austenitic steel bolting. shall be made of austenitic steel as agreed upon between the manufac turer and purchaser. 9.6 Washer dimensions shall be in accordance with require: ‘ments of ANSI B18.22.1, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order. 10. Threads 10.1 Al alloy steel bolts, studs, and stud bolts, unless otherwise specified, shall be threaded in accordance with ANSI BI.1, Class 2A fit sizes 1 in. (25 mm] and smaller in diameter with the Coarse Thread Series, and 1% in, [29 mm] and larger in diameter with the 8 Pitch Thread Series. 10.2 Where practical, all threads shall be formed after heat teament. Class 1A. Grades BSA, BSCA, BSMA, BSPA, BSFA, BETA, BSLNA. and BSMLNA are to be solution: teated in the finished condition. 11, Inspeeti HA The inspector representing the purchaser shall have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the shall conform Ty 81 i ee 8 Si ic eeryr b f i 4 1 ‘ib a s20/a 320m purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer's works that concem the manufacture of the material ordered ‘The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy hirm that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests (except product analysis} and inspection shall be made at the place of manu facture prior 0 shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall bbe so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works, 12, Rejection and Rehearing 121 Rejection: 12.1.1 Unless otherwise specitied in the order, any rejection based on tests made in accordance with 5,2 shall be reported to the manufacturer within 30 days from the receipt of samples by the purchaser. 12.1.2 Material that shows defects subsequent to its accep- lance at the manufacturer's works shall be rejected. and the manufacturer shall be notified. 122 Rehearing —Samples tested in accordance with 3.2 that represent rejected material shall be preserved for 2 weeks from the date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within thar time 13. Certification 13.1 When agreed upon in writing between the manufac turer and the purchaser, a certification that the material von- farms to the requirements of this specification shall be the basis of acceptance of the material. Otherwise, the manufacturer Shall report to the purchaser or the purchaser's representative the results of the chemical analyses and mechanical tests made in accordance with the specification. The specification desig tation included on test reports shall include year of issue and revision letter, if any 1. Product Marking 14.4 Grade and manufacturer's symbols shall be applied to ‘oe end of studs x in. {10 mm) in diameter and larger and to the heads of bolts Yin. [6 mm in diameter and larger (If the available area is inadequate, the grade symbol may be marked fon one end and the manufacturer's identification symbol ‘marked on the other end.) The identification symbol shall be as shown in Table 3. In the case of Class 2, Grades B8, BSC. 8M, BSP. BSF, and BST strain hardened as provided in Table 1.4 Tine shall be stumped under the grade symbol in order to distinguish it from Class | and Class 1A bolting which has not been strain hardened. In the case of Class 1A. the marking BRA. BSCA, B8MA. BRPA. BEFA, BSTA, BSLNA. and BSMLNA identifies the material as being in the solution treated condition in the finished state, Grade L7M which has been 100 i evaluated in conformance with this specification, shall have a Tine under the grade symbol to distinguish ic from LIM prexluced to previous revisions not requiring 100% hardness testing 14.2 For bolting materials, including threuded bars, that are furnished bundled and tagged or boxed, the tags and boxes shali carry the grade symbol for the material identification and the manufacturer's identification mark or name 14.3 Nuts fom materials that have been impact tested shall be marked with the leer “L’ 14.4 For purposes of identification marking, the manufac: turer is considered the organization that certifies the fastener Was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accor, dunce with the specification and the results have been deter. ‘mined to meet the requirements of this specification. 14.5 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 14.1, 14.2. 14.3, and 144, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemen. lary identification method. Bar coding should be consistent with AIAG Standard B-5 02.00. [used on small items, the bat code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag 15. Keywords 15.1 additional elements: austenitic stainless steel: bolts Mecl; chromium-molybdenum steel: fasteners—steel; mark ings on fitings: nickel-chromium-molybuenum alloy steels Pressure vessel service; stainless steel bolting material: starting material stel bars—alloy; steel bolting material: steel flanges. Steel valves: temperature service apphieations—low SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS. The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the inguiry, contract, and order S1. Impact Propertis 1.1 When impact properties are desired for austenitic steel frades exempt from (esting under 6.2.1, test shall be made as ‘greed between the manufacturer and the purchaser 82. Marking S21 Grade and manufacturer's identification symbols shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of holts of all Sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, the grade symbol ‘may be marked on one eng and the manufacturer's identitiew: Won symbot marked on the other end.) For bolts and studs smaller than Yin. (6 mm] in diameter and for 4 in. 16 mm) suds requiring more than a total of three syinbols. the marking shall be a matter of agreement hetween the purchaser and manufacturer, 83. Lateral Expansion S3.1 When lateral expansion measurements. for ferttic Meels are required in addition to the energy absorption require: ‘ments of 6.2.1.1. the minimum vilue for each specimen of a set must be 01S in, [038 mm). The test temperature shall be specified by the purchaser and agreed upon by the producer 191 NGS ay.en dade {ha 32070 320m Not Si—Grades 17, 7A. L7B will generally have diieulty meeting the minimum vatae at ~150°F [ APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) x XL.) Stain hardening is the increase in strength and hardness that results from plastic deformation below the recrystallization temperature (cold work). This effect is pro- duced in austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized bars fof wire to the desired final size by cold drawing or other process, The degree of strain hardening achievable in any alloy is limited by its strain hardening characteristics. In addition, the amount of strain hardening that can be produced is further limited by the variables of the process, such asthe total amount of cross-section reduction, die angle and bar size. In large diameter bars, for example, plastic deformation will occur principally in the outer regions of the bar, so thatthe increased strength and hardness due (o strain hardening is achieved predominantly near the surface of the bar. That is, the smaller the bar, the greater the penetration of strain hardening, STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC STEELS X12 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given strain hhardened fastener are dependent not just on the alloy, but also ‘on the size of bar from which itis machined. The minimum bar size that can he used, however, is established by the configu. ration of the fastener, so that the configuration can affect the strength of the fastener, X1.3_ For example, a stud of a particular alloy and size may bbe machined from a smaller diameter bar than a bolt of the same alloy and size because a larger diameter bar is required to accommodate the head of the holt. The stud, therefore, is likely to be stronger than the same size bolt in a given alloy ‘The American Society for Tsing ané Matera aks no postion respecting tho vakdy of any patent igh assariedn conscton win any tom mortoned i dh etanaaré. Unrs f tvssandard ar expressly assed ha delrmnaton of ha val O ary au Daten rin. and the nsk oie of sch ts, 9 ently tre own responsibly Tie stands uti fo rvision at any ime bythe response tnatnica commited mutt bo ravioned aver fe year and itnchrense, eter eaporvador mincann Your commen are ed ater revs of hs standad or for aceon tae ‘anu shuld te adresse ASTM reacurters. Your comnts wal csv carat corsiteaon a. hoe oe expanse {aomseal commute, wich You may aera you lel fa your comments Mave na ecewee a Ya Pearing YOu Sheu ake Yur ‘tons ten tho ASTA Commies on Standard 100 vr Harbor Divo, Wet Conshohocken PA 19428 192