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GVHD: Hunh

MC LC
CHNG : KHI NIM QU TRNH P NGHIN........................................ 3
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................... 3
2. ngha qu trnh p nghin........................................................................... 3
3. Kch thc ht.................................................................................................. 4
4. Mc p nghin.......................................................................................... 4
5. bn v cng ca vt liu........................................................................ 5
6. H s kh nng p nghin ca vt liu........................................................... 5
7. Cc phng php tc dng lc......................................................................... 6
CHNG II : TNG QUAN V XI MNG V TR CA MY P BA TRONG
DY CHUYN......................................................................................................... 7
1. Tng quan v xi mng............................................................................................ 7
2. V tr ca my p ba........................................................................................... 10
a. H thng thit b............................................................................................... 10
b. Khai thc vi............................................................................................... 11
c. c im k thut ca nguyn liu vi....................................................... 12
CHNG I : TNG QUAN MY P BA PHNG N THIT K........ 13
1. Nguyn l hot ng ca my p ba................................................................... 13
2. Phn loi my p ba........................................................................................... 14
a. Theo s trc (rto) mang ba .......................................................................... 14
b. Theo phng php treo ba vo rto............................................................... 15
3. Cc chi tit ca my p ba................................................................................. 15
Ba p................................................................................................................ 16
a treo ba (cnh ba):....................................................................................... 16
Trc my (Rto):.................................................................................................. 17
Ghi tho liu......................................................................................................... 18
V my................................................................................................................. 19
4. u nhc im ca my p ba.......................................................................... 19
CHNG IV: TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT........................................... 20
CHNG V: THIT K MY P BA.............................................................. 21
1. Vn tc ba............................................................................................................ 21
2.Kch thc roto....................................................................................................... 22
3. S vng quay roto.................................................................................................. 23
4. Khi lng ba...................................................................................................... 23
5. Cng sut p nghin............................................................................................. 25
6. S lng ba.......................................................................................................... 25
7. S hng, s a treo ba......................................................................................... 26
8. Ghi my.................................................................................................................. 27
9. Tnh bn cho ba p............................................................................................. 28
10. a treo ba.......................................................................................................... 25
CHNG VI: CC THIT B PH TR............................................................... 34
1. ng c in.......................................................................................................... 35
2. B truyn ng....................................................................................................... 36
3. Tnh ton Trc........................................................................................................ 42
4. ........................................................................................................................ 47
CHNG VII: CNG TC LP RP, BO TR V SA CHA....................... 49
TI LIU THAM KHO......................................................................................... 50

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Li ni u
AMH l mn hc cn thit gip cho sinh vin t h thng li kin thc
hc trong nhng nm qua, nng cao kh nng lm vic nhm, tm kim tng
hp ti liu, vn dng nhng l thuyt c hc vo n gip cho sinh vin
c kt c nhiu kinh nghim hu ch, qu gi lm hnh trang cho qu trnh
lm LVTN v cng vic sau ny. ng thi, thng qua qu trnh thc hin n
s to mi quan h gn gi hn, thn thit hn gia thy c v sinh vin.
Do y l AMH u tin em thc hin trong sut qu trnh hc, vi kin
thc cn hn ch, kinh nghim thc t khng nhiu v th khng trnh c
nhng thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c nhng kin nh gi, ch bo ca qu
thy c.
Em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c, cc bn tn tnh hng dn,
gip em hon thnh AMH thit k my p ba ny. c bit em xin cm
n c Hunh Ngc Minh tn tnh ch bo, hng dn em hon thnh bi n
ny.

My p ba

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GVHD: Hunh

CHNG : KHI QUT QU TRNH

P NGHIN
1) Khi nim
Qu trnh p nghin l qu trnh lm gim kch thc cc vt liu rn nh ngoi lc
tc ng vo ph v ni lc lin kt gia cc phn t ca n gi l qu trnh p v
nghin.
Cc cng c thc hin qu trnh p nghin gi l cc my p, nghin.
Ch tiu mc p nghin ca mt my p nghin c nh gi bi cc yu t
sau:
+ Mc p nghin
+ Nng lng tiu hao trn 1 n v sn phm.
+ Chi ph v vn hnh

2) ngha ca qu trnh p nghin

t c sn phm c kch thc ht xc nh, c din tch b mt ring ng yu
cu( di tc dng ca ngoi lc, vt liu b ve ra thnh nhiu ht nh hn, lm tng
din tch b mt ring ca ht vt liu nhm to iu kin hong thnh tt cc qu trnh
ha l xy ra cc cng on sau). Ph thuc vo kch thc sn phm c th phn loi
nh sau:

Nghin

p th : 100-350 mm

Nghin th : 0.1 5

p va : 40-100 mm

Nghin va : 0.05 - 0.1 mm

p nh : 5-40

Nghin nh : < 0.05

mm

mm
mm
[5]

Trong qu trnh p nghin phi tiu tn lc ph v cc lin kt ha hc gia cc

phn t v to ra din tch mi sinh cho vt liu. V vy qu trnh ny phi tiu hao nng
lng xc nh. Nng lng ny ph thuc vo cc yu t:
+Hnh dng v kch thc ht vt liu
+Tnh cht ha l ca vt liu: cng, m, bn lin kt.
+Kt cu thit b
Phn ln nng lng ny dng khc phc:
+Lc ma st gia vt liu v vt liu

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GVHD: Hunh

+Lc ma st gia vt liu v thit b

+Lc ma st gia cc b phn truyn ng ca thit b

3) Kch thc ht [5]

Vt liu trc v sau khi nghin thng c hnh dng v kch thc khc nhau.
tnh ton ngi ta a ra khi nim kch thc( ng knh) trung bnh.
Kch thc trung bnh ca cc vt liu tnh theo cng thc:

Dtb

l bh
3

l,b,h : chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao ln nht ca cc vt liu.

Kch thc trung bnh ca nhm ht:

Dtb

Dmax Dmin
2

Dmax , Dmin : kch thc ht vt liu ln nht v nh nht.

Kch thc trung bnh ca hn hp nhiu nhm ht:
n

hh
tb

ni
tb

ai

Dtb1 , Dtb2 , Dtb3 , Dtbnn : kch thc trung bnh ca nhm ht i.

a1 , a2 ,....., an : phn trm trng lng ca nhm 1, 2, ..., n trong hn hp.

4) Mc p nghin [5]
Mc p nghin l t s kch thc ht( nhm ht hoc hn hp cc nhm ht vt
liu trc v sau khi p nghin.
Nu k hiu kch thc vt liu trc khi p nghin l D, sau khi p nghin l d, th
mc p nghin c xc nh.
+i vi ht vt liu:

Dtb
d tb

+i vi mt nhm ht vt liu:

Dtbn
i n
d tb
4

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Ngc Minh

+i vi hn hp nhiu nhm vt liu:

Dtbhh
i hh
d tb
5) bn v cng ca vt liu [5]
bn: c trng cho kh nng chng ph hy ca chng di tc dng ca ngoi
lc. bn c biu th bng gii hn chu nn ca Rn (kg/cm2) ca vt liu v c
chia lm 4 loi:
Km bn: <100 ( than , gch )
Trung bnh: 100-500 ( ct kt )
Bn: 500-2500 ( vi, hoa cng, x l cao )
Rt bn: >2500 ( quazt, diabaz )
cng: hin nay cng ch yu xc nh bng thang 10 bc do nh khong vt
ngi c Fr.Mohs

Loi

cng

Vt liu chun

Tnh cht

Mm

Talc

D vch bng mong tay

Thch cao

vch bng mong tay

Cam xit

D vch bng dao

Florit

Kh vch bng dao

Apatit

Khng vch c bng dao

Trng thch

Cng bng knh ca s

quazt

Vch c thy tinh

Topa

Vch c thy tinh

Corandong

Ct c thy tinh

10

Kim cng

Ct c thy tinh

Trung bnh

Cng

6) H s kh nng p nghin ca vt liu [5]

H s kh nng p nghin l t s gia nng lng tiu tn ring khi p nghin vt
liu chun v cc loi vt liu khc vi cng mc v trng thi p nghin.
H s ny cng ln, vt liu cng d p nghin. Nu ly h s kh nng p nghin
ca vt liu chun l 1.0 (clinker l quay trung bnh) th h s kn p nghin ca mt s
vt liu cho trong bng sau:

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Ngc Minh

Vt liu

H s kh nng p nghin

Clinker l quay trung bnh

1.0

Clinker l quay d p nghin

1.1

Clinker l quay kh p nghin

0.8 - 0.9

Clinker l quay t ng

1.15 - 1.25

Clinker l quay th cng

1.3 - 1.4

Dip thch

0.9

X l cao trung bnh

1.0

Ct

0.6 0.7

hoa cng to ht
Trng thch
Vi sng

0.9
0.8 0.9
1.64

Talc

1.04 2.02

vi v vi st trung bnh

1.0

( trng thi nghin kh)

7) Cc phng php tc dng lc [5]

p(nn) : vt liu b kp gia 2 mt phng v b p bi ngoi lc tng dn.
Mi

: vt liu b p nghin bi ma st gia 2 mt kim loi chuyn ng hoc cc

vt nghin c hnh dng khc v ma st vo nhau.

: vt liu b p bi cc hnh nm tc ng ln n.

: vt liu b mt chi tit chuyn ng nhanh (ba) p vo hoc vt liu ri

nhanh vo tm kim loi ng yn hoc t va p vo nhau.

: do ng lc xut hin trong cc vt liu vt qu gii hn bn ca n khi c

s gim p t ngt trong bung lm vic.

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CHNG I : TNG QUAN V XI MNG

V TR CA MY P BA TRONG DY CHUYN
1) Tng quan v xi mng
Clinker XMP l bn thnh phm trong qu trnh sn xut XMP, c sn xut bng
cch nung kt khi hn hp nguyn liu t nhin nh vi, t st, qung st.. vi
thnh phn c nh trc. Clinker ra khi l nung c dng cc si nh (10 80 mm).

Clinker XMP
Hai nguyn liu t nhin chnh sn xut XM l vi v t st. Ngoi ra cn c
cc nguyn liu ph nh qung st, x pirit, ct, Nhng nguyn liu ny c trn
vi nhau theo nhng t l nht nh, nung ti 1450 14550C to thnh clinker. Clinker
li c nghin tip tc vi nhng ph gia nh thch cao to XMP, sn phm dng
bt mn c tnh thy lc. Lng tp cht trong clinker cng cn phi c khng ch
trong nhng gii hn cho php.
Thnh phn ha ca clinker:
CaO: 62 67%,
SiO2: 20 24%,

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Al2O3: 4 7%,
Fe2O3: 2 5%. [1]/15
Thnh phn pha ca clinker XMP: [1]/15
Do nguyn liu sn xut clinker dng t nhin nn thnh phn ha thay i trong
khong ln, cc s liu tnh ton thnh phn ha phi liu cng nh thnh phn khang
thc ca clinker khng phi l nhng tr s c nh m nm trong mt di gii hn cho
php nht nh.
Thnh phn pha chnh ca clinker XMP gm c:
Alt C3S chim 40 60%, dng th hnh l khong chnh to cng cho
XMP. C3S ng rn nhanh ta nhiu nhit;
Belt C2S chim khong 15 35%, pht trin cng chm giai on u,
nhng sau cho cng kh cao;
Tri canxit aluminat C3A chim 4 14% ng rn rt nhanh ta nhit nhiu, khng
bn trong mi trng xm thc;
Alumo-ferit canxi C4AF chim 10 18% to cng ban u nhanh nhng sau
cng khng cao, chu n mn tt;
Pha thy tinh trong clinker khong 15 25% khi lm ngui nhanh s chuyn thnh
pha thy tinh v to vt nt t vi lm cho clinker d nghin hn.
Ngoi ra, trong clinker XMP cn nhng khang khc nh cc sunfat kim
(K,Na)2SO4, CaSO4, aluminat kim (K,Na)2.8CaO.3Al2O3, alumo-manganat canxi
4CaO.Al2O3.Mn2O3v mt lng oxit t do.

My p ba

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GVHD: Hunh

Quy trnh sn xut xi mng theo phng php kh:

A
VOI

AT SET

PHU GIA
FeS2

No mn,
khoan

Nghien
truc

ap
nghien

ap ,
nghien

Kho cha

Kho
cha

ca
n
SAY NGHIEN
LIEN HP

ca
n

Kho cha
ca
n
ca
n

CAT

SILO CHA

(ong nhat hoa

phoi lieu)

Nhien
lieu

Thach
cao
Phu gia

LO NUNG
(14550C)

ap,
nghien

clinker
MAY
LAM
NGUOI
Nghien s
bo
Silo u
clinker

Ca
nn

My p ba

ap
nghien

Ngc Minh

GVHD: Hunh

Ca
n
NGHIEN

XM

2) V tr ca my p ba
a. H thng thit b:
Chng ta s xem xt nhng thit b c bn dng trong qui trnh sn xut t 4 phi
liu ban u l vi, t st, qung pirit st v ct cho n khi c c sn phm hon
tt.

10

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b. Khai thc vi

M Vi
Qu trnh khai thc:

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vi thng c khai thc t cc m l thin bng cch ph mn, khai thc theo
tng lp. thng c p s b ti m bng cc my p ba hoc p hm c ln.
cc c vn chuyn v nh my bng cc xe gong, tNu nh my gn c
th dng bng ti. vi thng c nghin th ti c ht 5 25mm, sau c
trn vi cc phi liu nghin tip.

c. c im k thut ca nguyn liu vi:

c im k thut ca nguyn liu p l yu t quan trng nht trong vic la
chn my p nghin.
vi c cng thc CaCO3, c 3 dng th hnh l canxit, aragonhit v vaterit.
cng vi theo thang Mohs l 1.8 3.0, h s p nghin l 1.0, bn nn l 500
2500 kG/cm2 l loi kh mm, bn thp thch hp vi my p ba. Khi lng
th tch 1.6 2.0 tn/m3. Dng nguyn cht c mu trng ( phn), khi ln tp cht c
mu (thng l mu xm v ln oxit st).

12

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Hnh 1.10. Mt s hnh nh v vi

Bn trong Ci p
vi

CHNG I : TNG QUAN MY P BA

PHNG N THIT K

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1) Nguyn l hot ng ca my p ba
My p ba c s dng rng ri trong cng ngh silicat p cc vt liu mm
hoc c bn trung bnh nh: vi, phn, t st kh, than , samt N cng
c th p ln vi v vi st c bn trung bnh v cao.
Nguyn l lm vic:
Vt liu c np vo my nghin t pha trn ca my, nh trng lng bn thn ri
hoc trt theo mng vo vng va p ca u ba ang quay vi tc cao. Sau va
p, vt liu b v thnh nhiu mnh, to thnh vng p nghin. Khi bay, cc mnh p
vo tm lt(tm phn hi) trn thnh v my, bt ngc tr li u ba nghin tip.
C nh vy khi nh lt qua li nghi ra ngoi.
Trong qu trnh my p ba lm vic, vt liu b p nh l do cc nguyn nhn sau:
+ Ch yu l do ba quay nhanh p trc tip vo vt liu, ng thi vt liu li
va p vo nhau.
+ Ba quay nhanh vng vt liu vo tm lt lm n v ra.
+ Khi ba quay, vt liu b p gia ba v tm lt hoc gia ba v li ghi.

2) Phn loi my p ba:

a. Theo s trc (rto) mang ba:
My p ba 1 rto: ch c mt trc mang ba v cc ba phn b theo chiu ngang
ca trc (i = 10 - 15).

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My p ba 2 rto: 2 trc mang ba song song v quay ngc chiu nhau

(i = 25 60 )

Hnh 2.1.2
b. Theo phng php treo ba vo rto:
My p ba treo t do: loi ny p th, p trung bnh v p nh cc loi vt
liu c bn trung bnh v mm.

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GVHD: Hunh

My p ba treo cng: loi ny dng p nh cc vt liu mm. N cng c th

nghin phn, thch cao Trong trng hp ny gi l my nghin ba.
Ngoi ra cn c th chia ra my p ba c ghi v khng c ghi tho liu
c. Cc chi tit ca my p ba:
Hnh tng qut cc chi tit my p ba

My p ba 2 rto

Ba p

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Hnh dng, trng lng v vt liu ch to ba c lin quan n tnh cht ca vt liu
em p, n nng sut v mn ca sn phm. Ba p thng c ch to t vt
liu chu mn cao nh thp mangan, thp Crom hoc thp cacbon thng ph mt lp
hp kim cng.
Ty thuc vo tnh cht ca vt liu em p, mn ca vt liu ra khi my, nng
sut my,m ba p c hnh dng, trng lng cng nh vt liu ch to ba thch
hp.

Dng ba a, b, c thng c lc p khng ln, dng p vt liu c cng trung

bnh hoc mm. Loi a v c dng p th v p va, cn li loi b dng p nh
v c tc dng ch xt trn mt ghi nhiu hn. Cc loi ny ch to n gin, gi thnh
thp, trng lng ca ba t 35 n 145N.
Dng d, , e v g c trng lng ln hn v tp trung u ba, thng nng t 300
n 600N, gi thnh cao nhng b li thi gian s dng lu hn.
Dng ba h v i dng p nhng vt liu kh cng v c kch thc ln. Trng
lng ca ba kh ln c th t 500 n 1200N. Loi ny lm vic hiu qu cao hon v
c lc p ln, tuy nhin ba thng b mi mn khng u, lm cho roto b mt cn
bng khi quay gy ra rung my.
Thng th khi p th th dng ba c trng lng ln v s lng ba khng cn
nhiu ngc li khi p nh th dng ba c trng lng nh v s lng ba nhiu
hn.
Cc cht treo ba thng c ch to theo chiu di trc rto, mt u cht c bc,
u kia tin ren v c cht hm. Cht treo thng c lm bng thp CT5. [2]
a treo ba (cnh ba)
Cnh ba c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau nh: cnh tam gic, cnh ch nht, cnh hnh
vung,thng gp v ph bin hn c l cnh c dng a trn. Trn cnh ba c
khot cc l xuyn cc cht treo ba.
S ba trn cnh ba c th l 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,my dng p nh s ba thng l 6
hoc 8. [2]

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GVHD: Hunh

Trc my (Rto)
Trc lp a treo ba thng c ch to t thp 45 hoc 45 Cr. Mt u trc c
lng bc chn, cn u kia em tin ren gi cnh ba bng cu.
Khi lp cnh ba trn trc th gia hai cnh ba lin tip lp mt bc gi khong
cch cn thit gia hai cnh ba. Nu trc c tit din trn th cn lm mt then di sut
phn lp a ba, cn nu trc vung th khng cn lm then.
Gi trc c t pha ngoi v my, thng l bi. [2]

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GVHD: Hunh

Ghi tho liu

Ghi chim khong 1350 1800 vng trn do ba vch nn.
Ghi c th l mt tm ln hoc gm nhiu tm nh ghp li
L ghi ph thuc vo kch thc liu ra, theo kinh nghim
d<5

chn L = d + (0,5 1) [mm],

5 < d < 25

chn L = d + (1 3)

[mm],

d > 25

chn L = d + (3 5)

[mm].

Khe h gia mt u ca ba khi quay vi b mt ghi khong 10 15 mm, do vt

liu thng b ch xt thm trn mt ghi.
Ghi thng lm bng thp mangan, thp crom hay thp cacbon. [2]

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GVHD: Hunh

V my:
c lm bng thp dy khong 10 - 20 mm. . Thng c lm bng thp CT5, ti
ca tho liu v thnh bn c lt cc tm p c gn trn b mt bng thp mangan
dy 30 40 mm.
V my c ch to lm 2 phn: phn trn v phn di c ghp li vi nhau bng
bulongo.
V my c thit k c bit c th d dng m ra v ng li xem cu to bn
trong, sa cha hoc lm v sinh my.[2]

3) u nhc im chung ca my p ba:

u im:
- Cu to n gin.
- Tc quay ca ba rt cao
- D thay cc chi tit b hng. Lm vic chc chn, tin cy v lin tc.
- Nng sut cao v mc p nghin ln (i = 10 - 90).
Nhc im:
Cc chi tit my nht l ghi v ba rt chng mi b mn.
Nu c cc vt liu qu to hoc qu cng ri vo my th d sinh ra
hng my bi v n khng c b phn an ton.
Khng p c vt liu mm do, dnh v c m ln hn 15% v
lc khe ghi s b bt kn v ba b dnh.
Khi lm vic gy ting n, chn ng xung quanh v c nhiu bi.
Khi vt liu qu cng th hiu qu nghin khng cao.
Trong thc t ti cc nh my sn xut XM, my p ba 2 rto c coi l loi my
s dng c hiu qu p th v p trung bnh vt liu c cng trung bnh ( vi,
clinker)[2]

4) Phm vi s dng:
- Dng trong cc x nghip phc v khai thc nh vi, than , mui m
- Dng trong cc nh my, nghin vt liu c bn cao v sc nh x l...

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21