May Nghien Bi

t
I HC QUC GIA TP.H CH MINH

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP.HCM
Khoa Cng Ngh Vt Liu
N MN HC
THIT K MY NGHIN BI GIN ON NGHIN

XNG CHN S DN DNG NNG SUT 6 TRIU
CHN/NM
GVHD:
Thy: T.S PHM TRUNG KIN
B mn Silicat
SVTH:
Trn Th Thu Trang V1103740
12/2014
LI NI U
L sinh vin khoa cng ngh vt liu thuc b mn silicat, vic nm

vng kin thc v tnh cht, qui trnh sn xut ra vt liu l mt
iu c bn, bn cnh kin thc v cc thit b phc v cho qu
trnh sn xut ra vt liu cng quan trng khng km.
Nh chng ta bit, lm ra bt c loi vt liu no th chng ta
u phi s dng nhng cng c v thit b nht nh. Sn xut gm s
cng khng phi l ngoi l.
Qu trnh cng ngh sn xut vt liu gm s lun phi i t nhng nguyn liu dng
bt mn, v vy cc thit b nh p, nghin, sng l nhng thit b khng th thiu
trong lnh vc ny. Do , chn la c nhng thit b ph hp sn xut kinh
doanh lun l nhim v hng u khi sn xut vt liu gm s.
thc s hiu ht v mn hc ny, th n mn hc Thit b Silicat nhm gip
cho sinh vin hiu su hn v tng loi thit b c th t s nguyn l, cu to cho
ti nguyn tc hot ng, vn hnh v bo dng. n b sung rt nhiu kin thc
hu ch cho sinh vin trong qu trnh hc tp cng nh ng dng trong thc tin sau
ny.
Ni dung n ca em l: Thit k my nghin bi gin on nghin nguyn liu cho
xng chn s dn dng vi nng sut 6 triu chn/ nm.
hon thnh n ny, em xin chn thnh cm n s gip tn tnh ca thy
T.S PHM TRUNG KIN, em cng xin gi li cm n chn thnh n cc thy c
trong b mn Silicat. Do ti liu, s hiu bit cn hn ch, v mt s iu kin nht
nh khng cho php nn n ny cn nhiu thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c s
gp ca qu thy c. Em xin chn thnh cm n!
Sinh vin thc hin
Trn Th Thu Trang V1103740
MC L
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V QU TRNH NGHIN................................................1

1.1.
KHI NIM CHUNG V QU TRNH NGHIN................................................1
1.1.1.
Khi nim :.......................................................................................... 1
1.1.2.
Cc phng php tc dng lc :..........................................................1
1.1.3.
Mc p nghin :............................................................................1
1.1.4.
Cc yu cu i vi qu trnh p nghin :.........................................2
1.1.5.
Phn loi theo chu trnh v phng php nghin:...............................2
1.2.
C S L THUYT CA QU TRNH P NGHIN :.....................................4
1.2.1.
Cc l thuyt v nghin:......................................................................4
1.2.2.
nh lut Bond v ch s cng:............................................................5
CHNG 2. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU............................................................6

2.1.
CC TNH CHT C BN CA VT LIU NGHIN........................................6
2.1.1.
cng:.............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2.
gin:............................................................................................... 6
2.1.3.
H s mi mn:................................................................................... 7
2.1.4.
Trng lng ring:................................................................................ 7
2.1.5.
bn :............................................................................................... 7
2.1.6.
Kch thc ht:.................................................................................... 8
2.1.7.
H s kh nng p nghin:................................................................8
2.2.
THNH PHN NGUYN LIU :...................................................................10
2.2.1.
t st:.............................................................................................. 10
2.2.2.
Cao lanh:........................................................................................... 10
2.2.3.
Trng thch:...................................................................................... 10
2.2.4.
Ct:.................................................................................................... 11
CHNG 3. GII THIU V MY NGHIN BI GIN ON....................................12

3.1.
MY NGHIN BI GIN ON:....................................................................12
3.1.1.
Gii thiu s lc:.............................................................................. 12
3.1.2.
Nguyn l hot ng:........................................................................13
3.1.3.
Mt s chi tit c bn ca my nghin bi gin on.........................13
3.2.
LTHUYT TNH TON:.............................................................................17
3.2.1.
Lng bi nghin np vo my:..........................................................17
3.2.2.
Tc quay ca thng nghin:.........................................................20
3.2.3.
Lng vt liu np:............................................................................25
CHNG 4. TNH TON THIT K MY NGHIN BI GIN ON NGHIN XNG

CHN S NNG SUT 6 TRIU CHN/NM...........................................................26
4.1.
TNH CN BNG VT CHT:.....................................................................26
4.1.1.
n phi liu:.................................................................................... 26
4.1.2.
Quy trnh sn xut:............................................................................28
4.1.3.
Bng tnh cn bng vt cht:............................................................30
4.2.
CC THNG S........................................................................................ 32
4.3.
THNG NGHIN........................................................................................ 32
4.3.1.
Kch thc thng nghin:...................................................................32
Ch np bi nghin:.................................................................................... 34
4.3.2.
Tm lt:............................................................................................. 36
4.3.3.
Bi nghin :......................................................................................... 38
4.3.4.
V thp :............................................................................................ 39
4.3.5.
Ca v i trng:............................................................................... 40
4.3.6.
C trc (gm mt bt v trc):...........................................................41
4.4.
TNH TON CHUYN NG CA MY:......................................................41
4.4.1.
H s y:..................................................................................... 41
4.4.2.
Vn tc thng quay:..........................................................................42
4.4.3.
S chu chuyn ca bi nghin trong thng:........................................43
4.5.
CNG SUT MY NGHIN BI:...................................................................45
4.5.1.
Cng sut tiu hao nghin vt liu: ( Nn .................................45
4.5.2.
Cng sut tiu hao thng ma st: ( Nms .................................47
4.5.3.
Cng sut tng cng ca my: (N)....................................................48
4.6.
B PHN TRUYN NG:.........................................................................48
4.6.1.
La chn ng c:............................................................................. 50
4.6.2.
Hp gim tc:.................................................................................... 54
4.6.3.
B truyn ai thang:..........................................................................60
........................................................................65
CHNG 5. KIM TRA TNH BN
5.1.
............................................................................................. 65
Thn thng:
5.2.
Bulng ghp thn v y thng:..............................................................69
5.3.
C trc thng nghin:.............................................................................. 71
CHNG 6. TI LIU THAM KHO......................................................................74
Thit k my nghin bi nng sut 6 triu chn/nm

GVHD: T.S Phm Trung Kin
SVTH: Trn Th Thu Trang V1103740
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V QU TRNH NGHIN

1.1.
KHI NIM CHUNG V QU TRNH NGHIN
1.1.1. Khi nim :

Nghin l qu trnh lm gim kch thc cc vt liu rn di tc
dng ca ngoi lc nhm ph v ni lc lin kt gia cc phn t
trong cc vt liu, kch thc sn phm u ra l dng ht mn (d
5 mm )
1.1.2.
Cc phng php tc dng lc :
Nn p
Mi xit
Un
Va p
Khi thit b lm vic c th kt hp nhiu phng php. Trong qu
trnh nghin, lc tc dng ch yu l lc mi xit v lc va p.
1.1.3. Mc p nghin :
Mc p, nghin l t s kch thc ca cc vt liu trc khi
p , nghin (D) vi kch thc ca n sau khi p, nghin (d)
ID
d
max
max
i vi hn hp vt liu c kch thc khc nhau th ta dng li

sng phn loi v tnh ng knh trung bnh ca khi ht
1

Dtb
d min d max
2
T ta tnh c h s p nghin theo cng thc
Dtb
dtb
1.1.4. Cc yu cu i vi qu trnh p nghin :

- Nng lng tiu tn phi l nh nht, ph thuc:
Lc lin kt gia cc phn t vt liu.

Hnh dng ca vt liu.
Kch thc ht vt liu.
Thit b.
H s ma st gia vt liu vi b mt thit b p
nghin.
- Ch p nghin n mc cn thit, khng nn nghin
qu yu cu, khi t n mn cn thit th thao ra khi my ngay.
- Cc qu trnh p nghin phi hon ton t do, khng km
theo cc qu trnh ph khc trong qu trnh p nghin.
- Khi cn mc p nghin ln th phi thc hin qu trnh
p nghin qua nhiu ln v s dng nhiu loi my thch
hp.
(VD: c c vi dng bt mn c d tb<1mm t cc khi
vi ln kch thc vi chc m 3 ta phi thc hin nhiu cng
on: p th vi my p hm, p mn vi my p ba, v
cui cng l nghin mn vi my nghin bi .)
- D sa cha v thay th cc chi tit b h hng trong my.
- Sn phm thu c phi tng i ng u v kch thc.
- Phi c kh nng iu chnh mc p nghin d dng.
- Khi la chn my cn cn c vo tnh cht vt liu cn p
nghin la chn my thch hp.
.
2

1.1.5. Phn loi theo chu trnh v phng php

nghin:
a. Phn loi theo chu trnh lm vic:
Lm vic theo chu trnh h: khng c dng hi lu.
vt liu
p nghin
vt liu
p nghin
sn phm
sn phm
sn phm
Lm vic theo chu trnh kn: c dng hi lu.
vt liu
Trn sn
Phn loi
p nghin
sn phm
di sn
sn phm
b) Theo phng php nghin:

Nghin kh:
u im:
-
Vt liu sau khi nghin khng cn sy li.
C th kt hp qu trnh nghin v sy.
Khuyt im:
-
Tiu tn nhiu nng lng.

Sinh ra bi
Cn lc nghin ln.
Do lc ma st ln nn sinh nhiu nhit lm nng thit b.
Vt liu hay dnh bt vo thnh my.
Nghin t:
3

u im:
Khng sinh ra bi.
Tiu tn nng lng t hn nh c nc len vo cc vt nt
c trong ht vt liu gip chng d nt ra.
- Vt liu khng b dnh bt vo thit b.
- Gim lc ma st nn thit b t b nng, tng tui th.
Khuyt im:
-
Tiu tn nng lng sy kh vt liu sau khi nghin.

Nng sut b gim v phi tn mt phn trng lng l nc
1.2.
C S L THUYT CA QU TRNH P NGHIN :
1.2.1. Cc l thuyt v nghin:

a. Thuyt din tch b mt ca Rittinger:
Thuyt ny c pht biu nh sau: Cng cn thit p
nghin t l vi b mt mi to thnh ca vt liu.
Cng cn thit p nghin vt liu theo thuyt b mt s l :
A1= 6.ArKD2(i-1)
vi:
Ar: (N.cm/cm2) l cng tiu tn ring ph v vt liu theo mt
mt phng c din tch 1cm2. c xc nh bng thc
nghim.
K: ph thuc vo hnh dng, tnh cht vt liu, v phng php
s dng. c xc nh bng thc nghim (K=1.2 1.7 )
D: (cm2) l kch thc cnh bn ca cc vt liu ban u khi gi
s cc vt liu ban u c hnh khi lp phng.
i l mc p nghin. Cng thc ny thng c p dng
cho qu trnh nghin, i << 1.
Thuyt ny ch mi xt n cng tiu hao to b mt mi m
cha xt n qu trnh bin dng ca cc vt liu nghin.
b. Thuyt th tch ca Kick:

4

c pht biu nh sau: Cng tiu hao trong qu trnh p

nghin t l vi bin thin th tch.
A
2 V
2E
Vi:
(N/cm2) l gii hn bn nn ca vt liu.
E (N/cm2) l modul n hi ca vt liu
V (cm3) l hiu s th tch ca vt liu trc v sau p
nghin.
V = D3 d3
Thuyt ny ph hp vi qu trnh p th v p va
c. Thuyt t hp ca Rbinder:
Cng p vt liu gm c 2 phn l ; cng tiu hao lm bin
dang vt liu v cng to ra b mt mi.
A A1 A2
2 V
6 ArKD 2 (i 1)
2E
Thuyt b mt v thuyt th tch l trng hp ring ca thuyt

t hp.
1.2.2. nh lut Bond v ch s cng:
Cng cn thit to nn ht c ng knh d t cc vt liu ban
u rt ln t l vi cn bc hai t s din tch b mt th tch sn
phm
A KB
1
1
d
D
A K .D 2.5

CHNG 2. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU

2.1.
CC TNH CHT C BN CA VT LIU NGHIN
2.1.1. cng:
cng l mt thng s quan trng trong qu trnh p nghin,
n gip ta la chn vt liu lm bi n v tm lt thch hp. yu cu
cng ca bi nghin v tm lt phi bng nhau v ln hn cng
ln nht ca vt liu cn nghin.
Hin nay cng thng c o bng thang Mohs gm 10 bc
vi 10 vt liu chun c xp theo th t t cng ti mn.
cng
10
Vt
chun
liu
Kim cng
Sapphire
Topaz
Quatz
Trng thch
Apatite
6

Florite
Cancite
Thch cao
Talt
2.1.2. gin:
c trng cho kh nng b ph hu di tc dng va p ca vt
liu. da vo s ln va p cn thit ph hu vt liu ngi ta
chia thnh cc loi sau:
Rt
gin
< 2 ln va
p
Gin
2 5 ln va
p
Dai
rt dai
5 10 ln va
p
> 10 ln va
p
Vt liu cng gin th cng d p nghin, nng lng tiu tn

cng nh.
2.1.3. H s mi mn:
H s c trng cho mc lm mn cc b phn tip xc vi n
trong qu trnh lm vic. y l mt thng s quan trng trong
nghin t vt liu cng. Kh nng mi mn ca cc loi vt liu l
khc nhau v c o bng h s tng i so vi bt mi l
corundum (tinh th nhm). Bit c h s kh nng mi mn ca
vt liu ta s tnh c thi gian cn phi thay bi nghin v tm lt.
Tu theo bn c hc ta chia lm 3 loi.
Gii hn bn nn S,
Vt liu in hnh
7

N/m2
Mm
< 9,81 . 106
Cng trung
bnh
9,81 . 106
Cng
> 49 . 106
Thch cao, than

Aratit, sa thch
Ct, kim cng, cm
thch
2.1.4. Trng lng ring:

Thng s ny khng quan trng lm nu ta nghin ring tng loi
vt liu, nhng nu ta nghin trn hn hp cc vt liu khc nhau th
n tr nn rt quan trng. Nu trng lng ring ca cc vt liu
khc nhau th khi nghin trn chng c th b phn lp khng ho
u vo nhau.
2.1.5. bn :
Cn c vo d bn nn ( - kG/cm 2) ta chia vt liu ra lm nhiu
loi:
< 100
100 < < 500
500 < < 2500
>2500
vt liu km bn
vt liu bn trung bnh.
vt liu bn
vt liu rt bn
2.1.6. Kch thc ht:

Kch thc trung bnh ca mt cc vt liu c tnh bng trung
bnh cng hoc trung bnh nhn kch thc ba chiu trong khng
gian ca n.
d
abc 3
a.b.c
3
i vi vt liu dng tm c th b qua chiu c kch thc rt

nh so vi hai chiu cn li.
i vi vt liu dng si ch tnh kch thc theo chiu di.
8

Tnh kch thc trung bnh ca :

Nhm vt liu:
d
Hn hp nhm vt liu:
d max d min
2
d ai .di
ai : phn trm khi lng nhm ht th i.

di : kch thc trung bnh ca nhm ht th i.
2.1.7. H s kh nng p nghin:
L t s ca nng lng tiu hao ring ca vt chun so vi nng
lng tiu hao ring ca vt nghin cng iu kin trng thi v
mc p nghin.
K
E0
E
Vt liu chun: clinker ca l quay trung bnh c K = 1

Nng sut p nghin Q0 (tn/h)
Vt liu
H s kh nng p nghin
Clinke l quay trung bnh
1.0
Clinke l quay d p nghin
1.12
Clinke l quay kh p nghin
0.8 0.9
Clinke l ng t ng
1.15 1.25
Clinke l ng th cng
1.3 1.4
Dip thch
0.9
X l cao trung bnh
1.0
Ct
0.6 0.7

vi
1.0
hoa cng to ht
0.9
t st kh
1.51 2.03
Trng thch
0.8 0.9
Vi sng
1.64
Talt
1.04 2.02
Than
0.75 1.34
Bazan
0.75
Manhezit
0.69 0.99
Vt liu no c h s kh nng p nghin cng ln (K > 1) th cng

d p nghin.
H s p nghin K1 < K2
cng
H1 > H 2
Nng lng
A1 > A 2
Thi gian nghin T1 > T2

Nng sut
2.2.
Q1 < Q2
THNH PHN NGUYN LIU :
2.2.1. t st:
L tn chung ch nguyn liu t cha Alumo-Silict ngm nc c
cu trc lp, phn tn cao, khi ho tan vo nc c tnh do, khi
nung to sn phm kt khi rn chc.
Ta s dng t st trong thnh phn phi liu nhm gip cc ht
vt liu lin kt li vi nhau, c th to hnh cho mc.
ht t st rt nh (khong vi micromet) khng cn phi nghin,
nhng ta vn a t st vo my nghin bi ch yu nh ti v
trn u vi cc phi liu khc.
10

trng lng ring ca t st t 2.5 2.8 kg/dm 3

2.2.2. Cao lanh:
Cao lanh cng l mt loi t st nhng c thnh phn khong ch
yu l Kaolinite (loi khong st khng c tnh do) nn tnh do ca
cao lanh rt thp, khng dng lm cht kt dnh cho mc.
cng theo thang Mohr : 2 2.5
2.2.3. Trng thch:
Trng thch l hp cht ca cc Alumo-silicat khng ngm nc.
Ngoi ra trong thnh phn ca n cn c th c:
Na2O (trng thch natri, hay albit), cng 6 6.5
K2O (trng thch kali, hay orthoclaz), cng 6 6.5
CaO (trng thch canxi, hay anortit), cng 6 6.5
Trong trng thch kali c vai tr quan trng nht v to ra khong
Leucit.
Trng thch c coi l nguyn liu gy, khng c tnh do, ng
vai tr lm cht chy trong mc v men gm s (to pha thu tinh
sau khi nung).
Theo biu trng thi pha lng xut hin trong khong nhit
950OC v chy thnh dng khong 1530 oC. Trong khong nhit
chy kh rng ny, nh c Leucit nn d nht pha lng cao nn d
nung hn v sn phm t b bin dng. Trng thch kali l nguyn
liu khng th thiu trong sn xut cc loi sn phm s v bn s.
cng theo thang Mohr ca trng thch t 6 6.5
2.2.4. Ct:
Ct l nguyn liu chnh cung cp SiO2, hm lng SiO2 trong ct
chim 95 99.5%. Trong ct, SiO2 tn ti dng th hnh bn
nhit thp l -quc.
Ct ng vai tr l nguyn liu gy trong gm s, gip tng bn
c ca mc, gim co sy v co nung.
cng theo thang Mohr ca ct l 7
11

Ta nhn thy ct l nguyn liu c cng cao nht trong

cc nguyn liu cn nghin, ta phi tm bi nghin v tm lt
c cng ln hn 7.
CHNG 3. GII THIU V MY NGHIN BI GIN ON

3.1.
MY NGHIN BI GIN ON:
3.1.1. Gii thiu s lc:

My nghin bi thng ngn lm vic gin on c cu to n gin
gm thng quay hnh tr bng thp quay trn 2 . My quay nh
12

ng c truyn ng qua ai (hay qua hp gim tc) ti b ly hp v

cp bnh rng truyn ng. Vt liu nghin v bi c cho vo v
ly ra khi thng qua ca hng trn thn thng. B ly hp gip cho
my chy m v trnh qu ti tc thi.
Qu trnh nghin vt liu xy ra nh lc va p v ma st ca vt
liu vi bi nghin v thng nghin. My c th dng d nghin t
hay kh, chu trnh kn v h.
My lm vic gin on theo tng m nn nng sut thp ch
dng cho qui m nh. Loi my nghin gin on thng c dng
trong cc nh my gm s. My nghin bi gin on thng c
dng nghin t, khng dng nghin kh v kh tho liu.
S onguye
n lyma
y nghie
n bi gia
n oan
1- thu
ng quay
5- hepuli
2- otruc
6- ai truye
n
3- o
ng c
7- c
a tha
o vanap lie
u
3
4- ho
p gia
m to
c
u im:
-
Cu to n gin, lm vic n nh.

Nghin trn tng i ng u.
C th kt hp c qu trnh sy v nghin (nu nghin kh)
Vn hnh d dng, mc p nghin cao.
Khuyt im:
Th tch s dng ch chim khong 50% th tch thng.

Tt c bi n khng ng thi tham gia lm vic.
Kch thc ln, cng knh. Gy ting n khi lm vic.
Mmen m my ln, d chy ng c.
13

Tiu tn nng lng ln v cui chu k d ch cn mtb s t

ht cha t kch thc yu cu my vn tiu tn nng lng
nghin ton b vt liu nm trong my.
3.1.2. Nguyn l hot ng:

Vt liu c cn sau cho vo my, nc c bm vo thng
nghin qua mt ng ng vi lng c tnh trc bng ca thn
thng. ng c c khi ng t t trnh qu ti khi m my.
Khi thng chuyn ng quay trn th bi nghin v vt liu chu lc
ly tm c a ln mt cao no ri ri xung. Trong c qu
trnh chuyn ng tng i vi nhau gia bi nghin v vt liu sinh
ra lc ma st lm mi nh vt liu. ng thi ng nng sinh ra do bi
n ri to lc va p p nh vt liu. Bn cnh vt liu c
mi nh cn nh ma st gia vt liu v tm lt thn thng nghin.
Sau mt thi gian ta kim tra thy vt liu t c mn yu
cu th cho tho liu. Ta thay ca bng mt tm ghi, v cho quay
thng sau cho ming ca hng xung. Vt liu s thot ra qua l
ghi cn bi nghin s c gi li. Sau mt thi gian c th vt liu
khng th thot ra ngoi c v hai l do:
- L ghi b bt do bi lp kn ming l gii quyt bng cch ly
gy y bi ra.
- p sut trong thng cn bng nn khng to c lc dy vt
liu ra ngoi gii quyt bng cch thit k mt l nh trn thn
thng p sut trong thn thng tng ln, gip dy vt liu ra
ngoi.
3.1.3. Mt s chi tit c bn ca my nghin bi gin
on
a. Thng nghin:
V thp c ch to bng thp vi chiu dy = (0.01
0.015)D, vi D l ng knh v my.
V my thng c hn hay tn inh riv. Ngy nay ngi ta
thng dng phng php hn v lm gim trong lng v my, d
lp ghp tm lt v v my, t gy n mn trong qu trnh s dng.
Tuy nhin khi hn s gy ra ng sut ni to vt nt, v th sau khi
hn ta cn phi . Trn thn thng c khot l lm ca nhp liu.
14

m bo cho thng c cn bng, trnh khi quay thng b

nghin gy gy trc ta phi c mt i trng trn thn thng v tr
i xng vi ca np liu.
b. Tm lt v bi nghin:
B mt trong ca thng nghin chu tc dng ca lc va p v
ch xt bi vt liu v bi nghin nn b bo mn i. Tm lt v bi
nghin thng c lm t cng mt loi vt liu trnh hin
tng bo mn ln nhau. cng ca tm lt v bi nghin phi ln
hn cng ln nht ca vt liu cn nghin. Thnh phn ho ca bi
nghin phi m bo khng lm nh hng n mu st v tnh cht
ca nguyn liu.
y, cng ln nht ca vt liu cn nghin l 7 ca ct v th
ta s la chn vt liu c cng ln hn 7 lm tm lt v bi
nghin, ta chn vt liu steatite (s cng).C cc tnh cht:
15

Hm lng st tuy c nhng t, khng lm nh hng n mu sc

ca sn phm, c th chp nhn c.
Tm lt:
tm lt trong my nghin bi l cc loi gch hnh cn c sp
khch vo nhau, kt dnh li bng va chu lc nu cn. Hay c th
dng tm c l gia c ni vo thn thng bng cch bt c.
Kch thc ca tm lt c tnh chnh xc theo tiu chun. Ph bin
l loi gch cn kch thc 150*60*50*45
16

Cch ghp gch lt vo thn thng

17

B mt ca gch lt c th c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau nhm

tng hiu qu nghin, n gip a vt liu nghin v bi ln cao
thch hp nhm c c ng nng ln nht.
Cn m bo mt cha vt liu cn nghin ln hn 25%
trnh hin tng bi v tm lt bo mn ln nhau.
Bi nghin:
Vt nghin l b phn chnh va p v ch xt vt liu. Vt
nghin c th c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau tu vo vt liu cn
nghin. C th c cc hnh dng nh: hnh cu, tr, vung, l xo
Tuy nhin ph bin nht l bi cu v bi tr.
Bi nghin hnh cu v hnh tr

Kch thc ca vt nghin ph thuc vo kch thc v bn ca
vt liu em nghin. nu kch thc v bn ca vt liu vo my
cng ln th vt nghin s cng ln. Thc nghin chng minh th tch
thc ca vin bi ch chim 62% th tch m n chim ch, cn li
38% l khe h gia cc vin bi.
V vy gim th tch khe h, tng tip xc gia cc vin bi
v vt liu nghin trong my nghin bi ngi ta dng bi vi kch
thc khc nhau. Da vo kch thc ht u vo v ra ta xc nh
c kch thc bi nghin.
18

Mt s ng knh bi trn th trng

3.2.
LTHUYT TNH TON:
3.2.1. Lng bi nghin np vo my:

Theo khi lng ring ca bi nghin ta phn thnh 3 loi bi nghin
nh sau:
Bi nghin c khi lng ring thp (2.4 2.5 g/cm 3): bi s, silic
dioxyt thng.
Bi nghin c khi lng ring trung bnh (2.6 2.7 g/cm 3): bi
steatit, s cha nhiu alumin
Bi nghin c khi lng ring cao (3.4 3.5 g/cm 3): bi alumin
dng tp v alubit.
Vt liu c khi lng ring cng ln th ng nng do n sinh ra
cng ln theo, tc ng p nghin cng ln. S sau miu t mi
quan h gia trng lng ring ca bi v thi gian nghin.
19

Thi gian nghin
Bi c trng lng ring thp.

Bi c trng lng ring trung bnh.
Bi c trng lng ring cao.
1
t1
t2
t3
Kch thc ht
B2-mi lin h gia trng lng ring bi vi thi gian nghin
T th ta nhn thy khi nghin n cng mt kch thc ht th

vi:
1 < 2 < 3
t1 > t 2 > t 3
Vy vi cc vt liu c cng ph hp ta s la chn loi vt liu

c khi lng ring ln nht c hiu qu p nghin tt nht.
Th tch bi np
Khi lng bi np vo my c nh hng rt ln n thi gian
nghin vt liu. Ttheo kt qu nghin cu ca P.I.E thi gian nghin
s nhanh nht khi th tch bi nghin chim khong 60% th tch
thng nghin. Ta c s sau th hin mi quan h gia th tch vt
nghin v thi gian nghin:
20

Thi gian nghin
Vbi/Vthng
1/4
1/3
1/2
2/3
3/4
B3-mi quan h gia th tch bi v thi gian nghin
Gc kp:
Gc kp l gc kp bi 2 tip tuyn
ti 2 im tip xc gia cc vin bi v
ht vt liu. N ph thuc vo bn
knh R ca vin bi v r ca ht vt liu.
Cc kt qu tnh ton (ti liu

secmi) cho thy gc kp cho hiu qu
nghin tt nht l
= 17o
C ngha l
R 90r.
Tuy nhin sau mt khong thi gian th hiu qu nghin s gim

do r gim. V vy ta phi c cng lc nhiu loi bi trong thng
m bo gc kp l tt nht.
Th tch rng:
Khi np bi vo thng nghin, do th tch bi l hnh cu nn khng
th no lp y khong khng gian m n chim ch v th nn sinh
ra cc khong trng trong vng th tch bi chim ch. Th tch thc
bi chim khong 52.4 74% ton khng gian bi chim.
Ta dng nhiu kch thc bi cng nhm gim th tch l rng gia
cc bi.
21

Phn b bi trong thng nghin:

hiu qu nghin tt nht ta phi tng im tip xc gia cc
vin bi v vt liu. C ngha l bi phi tip xc vi nhau ti nhiu
im, gim l rng gia cc bi, kch thc bi phi ph hp vi kch
thc vt liu.
m bo cc iu kin trn th bi np thng gm 3 loi vi t
l nh sau:
15 50% bi c ng knh nh.
25 30% bi c ng knh trung bnh.
23 30% bi c ng knh ln.
Ngoi ra phi m bo t l R 90r
H s y bi n: ()
C mt h s y cho ta thi gian nghin ti thiu t kch
thc yu cu. Trong nghin gin on th h s thng bng 0.5
C 2 cch tnh h s y :
1.
l t s gia tit din bi n v tit din thng nghin.
2.
F
R2
l t s gia trng lng thc ca bi n v

trng lng ca bi n nu y my
G
R L
2
Vi: G- Trng lng bi n lm vic trong my (tn).

- H s rng khi bi n (0.524 0.74)
- Trng lng ring ca vt liu lm bi
R- bn knh trong ca thng nghin.
L- chiu di thng nghin.
22

3.2.2. Tc quay ca thng nghin:

Khi my chuyn ng th theo qun tnh cc vin bi cng s chuyn
ng theo my n mt cao no . c tnh chuyn ng ca bi
trong thng ph thc vo s vng quay ca thng v h s ma st
gia bi vi b mt thng.
Vn tc quay ca thng s nh hng n ch chuyn ng
ca vt liu v bi trong thng nghin.C 4 ch chuyn ng ca
bi n trong thng nghin l:
23

24

Bi chuy
ng
dng
tng
lp. C lc mi xit, khng c lc va p.
SVTH:
Trn Th
Thu
Trang
V1103740
Cc ch chuyn ng ca vt liu trong thng nghin

Ta c th nhn thy ch chuyn ng hiu qu nht l chuyn
ng dng thc nc. Sau y ta s tm gc nng ti u cho qu
trnh nghin v vn tc quay t c gc nng .
Bi chuyn ng cng vi thng,
Bi chuyn
do lc
ng
Bi trt
ly tm
dng
trn
ln
thc
thnh
hn
nc.
trng
thng.
lng.
Qu trnh p nghin khng
Vaxy
c ra.
lc Ch
mic
xit
lcva
mic
xit,
lc va p.
v
Qu trnh nghin
Khng xy
c lc
ra va
ti p.
u.
A
G1
G2
mv
T
R
R
B
n gin trong tnh ton ta c mt s iu kin:

Ch tnh cho 1 vin bi.
Xem b mt bn trong my l nhn hon ton, xem nh khng
c lc ma st.
Kch thc bi rt b so vi kch thc thng.
Ta c :
T G1
mv 2
mg cos
R
v 2 gR cos
S vng quay ti hn ca thng : (bi gn cht vo my)

iu kin = 0o
Khi :
v 2 gR
25

v gR
2 Rn
gR
60
nth
30
R
Khi thng quay vi vn tc ti hn ny th ch c nhng vin bi lp

ngoi cng mi quay theo my, cn cc vin bi lp trong vn ri
xung theo hnh parapol.
S vng quay ti hn cn thit tt c bi u ly tm
Nu tc thng quay tng th n mt lc no ton b bi
trong thng s quay theo my.
Th tch lp bi khi chng ly tm hon ton l th tch ca hnh ng
tr rng c tit din hnh vnh khn, cng bng th tch bi nghin
trong thng c tit din F:
R12 R22 L R12 L
F
R1
R2
Ta xem
R2 kR1
nn ta c:
R12 1 k 2 L R12 L
Rt ra:
k 1
Tc quay ti hn cn thit cho vin bi lp trong cng cng

quay ly tm theo thng l:
26

nmax
30
30
R2
kR1
30
1 R1
1
30
1 R1
Khi vn tc ton b bi u quay theo thng s bng:

nmax
nth
4
1 2
Vi l h s cha bi n
Vy s vng quay thch hp cho my l n vi n thuc khong
nth < n <nmax
S vng quay thch hp:
Ch lm vic ca ti trng bi c c trng bng gc ph
thuc vo s vng quay v b mt tm lt.
Khi vin bi ln n im ri A th lc ly tm T s cn bng vi
thnh phn hng tm G1 ca trng lng G.
T G1
mv 2
G *cos mg cos
R
v 2 Rg cos
v
Nn
Rn
30
2 R2n2
Rg cos
302
Rt ra
g 30
cos
R
27

nn
30
cos
R
Vy n l s vng quay ca thng vin bi lp c bn knh R ri

theo gc ri .V th mun bi chuyn ng dng thc nc ta phi
tm c gc ri thch hp
lc p sinh ra ln nht th chiu cao ri ca bi phi l ln
nht, ta tm c gc ri thch hp l:
= 54o40
T y ta rt ra c s vng quay thch hp nht cng l s vng
quay lm vic ca thng nghin l:
22.8 32
R
D
S vng quay thch hp c st n h s y :

Cng thc tnh s vng quay trn cha xt n h r y ,
ch l trng hp ring ca cng thc quan h gia s vng quay n
vi h s y v ng knh thng nghin D sau y:
8
(5 2)
D
Ta s dng cng thc trn tnh s vng quay thch hp cho

thng nghin.
Ta nhn thy rng, lc u khi tng vn tc quay s rt ngn c
thi gian nghin. Nhng sau nu vn tc vt qu gii hn, t ti
nmax th tc dng nghin khng xy ra do nh hng ca lc ly tm
tc ng li vt liu nghin. V vy ta s c mt vn tc m ti
thi gian nghin l ngn nht.
28

thi gian nghin
tmin
vn tc quay
n
B1-thi gian nghin v vn tc quay
3.2.3. Lng vt liu np:
Lng vt liu np vo bung nghin t nht phi ph kn c
ton b cc bi nghin. Nu np vt liu qu t s lm bi nghin v
tm lt b mi mn nhanh chng. Lng vt liu t nht phi lp y
cc khoang trng gia cc bi nghin, tuy nhin ta nn np d mt t
so vi lng d to tm m trnh vic bi nghin ri trc tip ln
b mt tm lt.
V d nu np bi n n 50% th tch thng th c th tch l
trng khong 20%, v vy lng vt liu t nht ta np vo phi
chim 20% th tch thng nghin. Tuy nhin to tc dng m ta
np lng bng 25% th tch thng nghin.
Vy tng th tch ca bi v vt liu nghin chim 30% + 25% =
55% th tch thng.
bi nghin chim hn th tch thng nghin cn t s cht ti
(bi nghin v vt liu cn nghin) nh sau:
700 800 kg/m3 i vi bi nghin c khi lng ring thp.
800 900 kg/m3 i vi bi nghin c khi lng ring trung
bnh.
1000 1100 kg/m3 i vi bi nghin c khi lng ring cao.
Vy ta s np mt lng vt liu c th tch thc bng 25% th
tch thng nghin
29

CHNG 4. TNH TON THIT K MY NGHIN BI GIN

ON NGHIN XNG CHN S NNG SUT 6 TRIU
CHN/NM.
4.1.
TNH CN BNG VT CHT:

4.1.1. n phi liu:
%MK
N
%Oxit
Nguyn liu
K 2O
Na2
O
Ca
O
Mg
O
t st Trc 59.9 26.6

3.01
2
3
Thn
0.4
9
0.1
0
49.9 34.2
0.93
7
0
0.2
8
Trng thch 66.7 18.6 11.1

Nng
7
9
0
SiO2
Cao lanh
Bo Lc
Ct Cam
Ranh
Al2O
3
99.7 0.03
5
5
Tn
g
Fe2O
TiO
0.4
9
1.17
0.8
7
7.33
0.0
9
0.0
9
1.86
0.0
9
12.28
2.4
9
0.2
5
0.0
8
0.08
0.51
0.0
1
0.0
8
0.01
5
0.0
2
0.05
100
100
100
Bng n phi liu khng tnh mt khi nung:
%Oxit
Nguyn liu
SiO2
Al2O
3
K2O
Na2
O
CaO
Mg
O
Fe2O
3
TiO2
t st Trc
Thn
64.6 28.7
3.25 0.53 0.11 0.53 1.26 0.94
6
4
Cao lanh Bo Lc
56.9 38.9
0.10 0.10
0.10
1.06 0.32
2.12
7
9
3
3
3
Trng thch
Nng
67.1 18.7 11.1

1
9
6
2.5
0.25 0.08 0.08
100
0
30

Ct Cam Ranh
99.8
0.03
5
0.01 0.08
0.01
0.02
5
Ta c phn trm cc oxt trong xng gm c bn l:

[3]
SiO 2=71 ; O3=18 ; K 2 O=1.8 ; Na 2 O=4 ;
CaO+ MgO=0.9 , Fe2 O3+TiO 2=0.9
Ta c:Gi phn trm cc thnh phn phi c trong xng l :

% t st : x
% Cao lanh : y
% Trng Thch : z
% Ct : t
Ta chn x= 25% thc hin qu trnh tnh ton. (V t st c
trong gm ph thuc vo qu trnh to hnh nm trong khong
( 20 30 )
Ta c h phng trnh sau :
56.97 y+ 49.97 z +99.8 t =7164.66 25
(1)
38.99 y+ 18.79 z +0.035 t =1828.74 25
(2)
( 2.12+0.103 ) y+ ( 0.08+0 ) z+ ( 0.015+0.02 ) t=0.9( 1.26+ 0.94 ) 25
(3)
Gii phng trnh ta tm c :
x=25 , y=15 , z =30 , t=30
Thnh phn % ca phi liu ban u:

31

Nguyn liu
Thnh phn %
% MKN
t st
25
7.33
Cao lanh
15
12.28
Trng thch
30
0.51
Ct
30
0.05
Tng
100
3.8425
Khi lng ring ca h:

Trng lng ring ()
Tn/m3
Phn trm kh
(n)
%
t st
2.65
25
Cao lanh
2.2
15
Trng
thch
2.6
30
Ct
2.4
30
n. p
H kh
H + nc
= i=1
=2.4925
100
vl =
100
50 +50 H 2 O
=1.74405=
100
1.74
4.1.2. Quy trnh sn xut:
32

Nguyen lieu
Thit b nh lng
Nc
My nghin bi t gin on
Sng rung + kh t
B cha
Lc p khung bng
My n p Lento
Kho
Khng t
To hnh do
t
Sy
Khng t
Sa mc
t
Nung ln 1
Trng men
Nung ln 2
Trang tr
Hp mu
Kim tra
Thnh phm
33

4.1.3. Bng tnh cn bng vt cht:

Khi lng nguyn liu
m
(%)
Hao
ht
(%)
Hi
lu
(%)
Thnh phn
Kim tra
Hp mu
Khi lng hi lu
Kh
(tn)
t
(tn)
1200
1224
1224
6.12
1224
1224
6.1812
1236.24
1236.24
6.49026
1298.052
1854.36
1324.01304
Nng sut
(triu chn)
Kh
(tn)
t
(tn)
1200
6.12
Trang tr
Nung ln 2
30
Cng on
Trng men
6.6200652
1324.0130
4
Nung ln 1
6.95106846
1390.2136
92
1433.20999
2
90
7.15960051
4
1431.9201
03
1476.20629
2
38.661842
78
39.857569
88
90
7.37438852
9
1474.8777
06
1966.50360
8
39.821698
06
53.095597
42
90
7.44813241
5
1489.6264
83
1986.16864
4
13.406638
35
17.875517
8
1504.5227
48
2006.03033
13.540704
73
18.054272
98
2026.09063
4
13.676111
78
18.234815
7
27.625745
79
Sa mc
Sy
To hnh
3
25
25
3
3
1
25
90
7.52261373
9
n lento
25
90
7.59783987
6
1519.5679
75
90
7.67381827
5
1534.7636
55
3069.52731
13.812872
9
90
7.75055645
8
1550.1112
92
3100.22258
3
13.951001
63
27.902003
26
7.75071146
9
1550.1422
94
3100.28458
7
1581.1451
4
3162.29027
9
28.460612
52
56.921225
04
1596.9565
91
3193.91318
2
14.372609
32
28.745218
64
Lc p
khung bn
B cha
Kh t
50
50
50
1
1
0,002
Sng
50
90
7.90572569
8
Nghin t
50
90
7.98478295
5
34

Cn
90
8.30417427
3
1660.8348
55
1730.03630
7
59.790054
78
62.281307
06
Cch tnh:
Nng sut 6 triu chn/ nm(gm cc sn phm khc nh chn, da,
bt. c quy i thnh n v chn d dng trong qu trnh
thc hin tnh ton).
Ta c:
h =1.74
tn/m3
Kch thc chn c ng knh
Rngo i=7 cm , R trong =6.6 cm, D y=0.8 cm
Ta tnh th tch chn :

1 4
4
V c h n=
Rngo i3Rtrong 3 )=
( 0.0730.0663 )=1.16 104 ( m 3 )
(
2 3
2 3
4
4
mc h n=V c h n c h n=1.16 10 1.74=2.023 10 ( t n ) =0.2023 ( kg ) 0.2(kg)
Khi lng mi chn: 0.2 kg

Khi lng nguyn liu:
N ng su t t ng c ng o n=
N ng su t c ng o n tr c (100 + Hao h t)
100
K h =
N ng su t ( tri u c h n ) 0.2 ( kg ) 1000 (100 + Hao h t )

100
t=
K h
100 m
35

Khi lng kh phi nghin : 1596.956591 tn/nm

Khi lng t phi nghin : 3193.913182tn/nm
Mt nm lm vic 300 ngy, mt ngy lm 1 ca 14 ting, 2 m, 2

my.Trong nghin 14 ting, tho v nhp liu 2 ting.
Vy mt ngy ta cn nghin :
3193.913182
=10.65 tn /ngy
300
Chia thnh 2 my nghin, vy mi my cn nghin 5.3 tn/ngy

(hay 5.3 tn/m) nhng phng trng hp nh my mun
tng nng sut nn ta chn d ra 10% so vi thc t tnh ton. V
vy nng sut cn tnh l 6 tn/ngy (hay 6 tn/m).
Vic ta chia thnh 2 my nghin tuy c tng thm chi ph v nng
lng nhng li li v thi gian nghin, ta chn 3 my trong c 2
my lm vic v 1 my d tr phng trong qu trnh vn hnh
nu 1 my b h hng th vn khng nh hng ln n cc cng
on tip theo.
Yu cu thit k my nghin bi nghin phi liu cho xng chn s
dn dng vi nng sut 6 tn/ngy
4.2.
CC THNG S
Ta c mt s thng s ban u nh sau:

Khi lng vt liu 1 ln nghin ( m 50%):
Trng lng ring ca bi cao nhm:
(SacmiII/50)
Kch thc ht u vo:
Kch thc ht u ra:
Trng lng ring ca vt liu cn nghin:
1.74tn/m3
c tnh nh sau: (khi lng ring ca nc l
300C)
6 tn
3.57 tn/m3
6 mm
0.3 mm
0.9956 tn/m 3
36

4.3.
THNG NGHIN
4.3.1. Kch thc thng nghin:

Nng sut my nghin bi gin on nghin t:
Qam=6 t n
S onguye
n lyma
y nghie
n bi gia
n oan
1- thu
ng quay
5- hepuli
2- otruc
6- ai truye
n
3- o
ng c
7- c
a tha
o vanap lie
u
3
4- ho
p gia
m to
c
Theo tp on Sacmi ngh, khi nghin t phi liu s trong my

nghin bi gin on, h s y bi n
=0.500.55 . Chn h s
y bi n l: =0.55
Vi my nghin bi gin on nghin t:
L<2 D
Chn: L = 1.7D = 3.4R (Chn t l theo cc my nghin bi gin on

thc t)
Trong : L: Chiu di ca thng nghin (m)
D: ng knh trong ca thng nghin (m)
Nng sut my nghin bi gin on Q = 6 tn/ngy
m phi liu : 50 %
37

Tnh th tch thng trn vt liu :

Th tch vt liu :
Ta c: cng thc Sacmi dng cho my nghin bi gin on, nghin
t
Q=K V d y
Trong :
Q: Nng sut phi liu kh
V : th tch hu ch my nghin
(m3)
d: khi lng ring ca h
(tn/m3)
(Tn)
y: % cht kh trong h
K : h s Sacmi
Chn s dng bi cao nhm c = 3.57 T/m3. K = 0.67
Nng sut phi liu kh: Q = 6 tn
50 % kh, 50 % nc h = 1.74 tn/m3
Khi lng h :
mh=mvl + mn c=6+
6 50
=12(tn )
50
Th tch h :
V h=
mh 12
=
=6.897(m3 )
h 1.74
Do , th tch hu ch my nghin l :
V t=
Q
6
=
=10.29 ( m 3 )
K d y 0.67 1.74 50
Chn L=1,7D, ta c
V t=
D 2 L D2 1.7 D 1.7 D 3
=
=
4
4
4
38

D=
4 V t 3 4 10.29
=
=1.975 2 ( m )
1.7
1.7
Chn D = 2 m L=1.7 2=3.4 ( m )

Vy ng knh trong thng nghin D = 2 m
Chiu di thng nghin
L = 3.4 m
Th tch thng nghin thc t :

m
( 3)
2
D L 22 3.4
V tt =
=
=10.68
4
4
Ch np bi nghin:
Trng lng bi n np vo thng nghin ph thuc vo loi bi n,
vt liu lm bi n, h s y, h s rng bi n
Trng lng ca bi nghin c tnh nh sau:
Gbi = R2 L ( T )
Trong :
R : bn knh trong thng nghin (m)
L : chiu di thng nghin (m)

: h s y bi n
: h s rng bi n
: khi lng ring bi n (T/m3)
Bi cao nhm : = 0.575 v = 3.57 T/m3
ng knh ln nht ca vt liu np: d= 6 mm
ng knh trung bnh ca vt liu tho:dk= 0.3 mm
Chn h s y theo SACMI l = 0.55
Gbi = 12 3.4 0.55 0.575 3.57=12.05 ( T )
39

Tng th tch bi nghin :

V bi =
Gbi 12.06
=
=3.38(m3 )
bi 3.57
Ta c: Vh+ Vbi =6.897 + 3.38 = 10.27 (m3)
my nghin hot ng c hiu qu th tng th tch bi, h (vt

liu kh v nc) chim khong 90% th tch thng nghin tr ln th
nng sut t hiu qu cao.
Ta c :
V h + V bi 10.277 100
=
=96.22 (h p l )
V tt
10.68
V y D=2 m v L=3.4 m
4.3.2. Tm lt:
Item
Name
Rectangula
r brick
Half
Rectangular
brick
Ladder
brick
Thin brick
Half ladder
brick
B
C
D
E
Length(mm
)
150
Height (mm)
50
60
70
Width
a (mm)
50
Width
i (mm)
75
50
60
70
50
150
50
60
70
50
45
150
75
50
50
60
60
70
70
25
50
22
45
40

Cc thng s k thut ca mt loi tm lt.
Gch vng thn:

Chn loi gch hnh cn c:
L = 150 mm, H = 60 mm, W 1 = 50 mm, W2

= 45 mm
Chu vi mt trong thng:

C=D= 2=6.283
(m)
Ta tnh c:
S gch trn 1 vng:
3
nC =
C 10 6.283 10
=
=139.626 140( vi n)
45
45
S gch theo chiu di:
L 3.4 1000
nl= =
=22.6 23(vi n)
l
150
Tng s gch vng thn bng:

nt =nc nl =140 23=3220(vi n)
Gch lt mt y:
41

Chn
150*60*50
gch
ch
nht
c
Din
L*H*W
tch
mt
bn:
Sd =
D2 22
=
=3.14 (m2)
4
4
S gch cn trn 1 mt y:
6
S
3.14 10
n1 =
=
=418.879 419( vi n)
L W 150 50
S gch cn cho c 2 mt y l:
n =2 n1 =2 419=838(vi n)
Vy s gch cn cho ton thng l:

n=nt +n =3220+838=4058(vi n)
Th tch lp gch lt trong thng l:

Vin
D 2 g
4
Vg Vin V
L 2
g
Vi
2+2 0.06
V = 10.68 (m3)
42

V g =12.4310.68=1.74
Vy
(m3)
Trng lng lp gch lt: (c phn khuyt)

Gg =g V g=3.57 1.75=6.22(t n)
4.3.3. Bi nghin :
Tng khi lng bi nghin :
Gbi =bi V bi =3.57 3.38=12.05 ( t n )
Kch
[1]
thc
bi
nghin
theo
Lvenxon
Dbi 28 3 d vl
= 28 3 6 50 mm
Vi dvl l kch thc trung bnh ca vt liu np vo my, dvl = 6 mm
Trong c :
Khi np bi vo my, thng dng 3 c bi :
45-50% bi c ng knh nh 20-30mm
25-30% bi c ng knh trung bnh : 40-50mm
20-25% bi c ng knh ln : 50-60mm
Vy do
Dbi 50
nn ta chn 3 loi bi c kch thc l 30, 50, 60 mm
nghin vt liu. Chn c bi c kch thc 50 mm chim 50% nhm

mc ch sau ny bi b mi mn s tr thnh bi nh m khng cn
phi thay bi mi.
Bi cng cng th cng t b mn khi nghin. Tuy vy, d s dng loi
bi no chng na th cng lun c s hao ht do b mi mn sau khi
nghin.
43

Mi loi c khi lng v s lng nh sau:

ng knh bi
(mm)
Phn trm (%)
Trng lng 1
vin (kg)
30
50
60
25
0.05
50
0.234
25
0.404
3013
6027
3013
59736
25806
7467
d3
bi
6
( )
m=
Khi lng
chim (kg)
S lng (vin)
4.3.4. V thp :
thng chiu dy
Thng
[1]
thp
=(0.01
0.15)*D
kim
40XHMA
( D l ng knh trong ca thng nghin.)

Ta chn :
=0.015 D=0.0155 2=0.03 ( m )
Chn
[1]
vt
liu
lm
thng
thp
hp
chy = 850 N/mm2

bn = 1000 N/mm2
thp = 7.87 kg/dm3
Ta s c thn thng ring sau hn thn thng vi 2 mt y qua
2 mt bch. Mi hn phi trn, sau khi hn ta phi mt thi gian
kh ng sut ni.
Trn thn thng khot mt l kch thc (60x50)cm lm l nhp
v tho liu, ng thi cng ln cng nhn ra vo sa cha.
Th tch trong ca v thp: Vin = 12.42 (m3)
44

Th tch ngoi ca v thp:

V out =
Vi
[ D+ 2 ( g+ t ) ]
4
[ 2+2(0.06+ 0.03) ]
3
[ 3.4+2(0.06+ 0.03) ] =13.36(m )
[ L+2 ( g + t ) ]=
4
(m) l chiu dy lp v thp.
Th tch ca ton lp thp: (tr phn c trc)

V t =V out +V =13.3612.42=0.94
(m3)
Trng lng ca v thp: (c phn khuyt)

Gt =t V t =7.87 0.93=7.37 ( t n )
ng knh ngoi ca thn thng l:

Dout =D+2 ( g + t )=2000+2 ( 60+30 )=2180 ( mm )=2.18 ( m )
4.3.5. Ca v i trng:
L ra vo kch thc (600x500) mm
Ca trn thn thng gm c: np + vin thp
Vin: (xem n gn nh nm trn mt phng)
V v =( 740 640640 540 ) 20+ ( 640 540600 500 ) 30=3.928 106 ( mm 3 )=3.93( dm3 )
G v =7.87 3.93=30.91(kg)
Np:
Np gm c gch lt v thp:
Gch:
Gg =g ( p q g ) =3.57 6 5 0.6
64.26( kg)
Thp:
45

20 30 ( 500+600 )=10,57 106 ( mm3 ) =10.57( dm3 )

V t =( 500 600 30 )+ ( 640 540600 500 ) 20+
Gt =7,87 10,57=83.2(kg)
Vy trng lng ton ca l:

Gc =30.91+64.26+83.20=178.35 ( kg )
Trng lng phn khuyt:
( t p q t )+ ( g p q g ) =( 7.87 6 5 0.3 ) + ( 3.57 6 5 0.6 ) =135.09(kg)

G k h=
i trng:
Gdt =G c Gk h=178.35135.09=43.285 ( kg )
4.3.6. C trc (gm mt bt v trc):
Bn
knh
trc
r=( 0.20.3 ) R
[1]
2
=> Chn r=0.2 R=0.2 2 =0.2(m)

Chiu di c trc: Chn l=4 r=4 0.2=0.8( m)
2
2
3
Th tch c trc : V ct = r l= 0.2 0.8=0.1(m )
Th tch mt bt :
V mb= l mb r 2= 0.02 0.62=0.023(m3 )
3
Th tch ca c trc v mt bt : V =V ct +V mb =0.1+ 0.023=0.123(m )
46

Trng lng 2 c trc v mt bt : Gct =2 V th p=2 0.123 7.87

1.94 ( T ) =1940 ( kg )
Vi kch thc ca c trc ta chn loi bi 60880-M

Trong lng ca ton b thng nghin gm c bi nghin v
vt liu :
G=Gbi +Gvl +G g +Gt +2 G t +Gct
12050+6000+6220+7372+2 43.28+ 1940
33668.56 ( kg ) =33.669(tn )
4.4.
TNH TON CHUYN NG CA MY:
4.4.1. H s y:
Ta s tnh h s y bi n theo cng thc s 2:
G bi
R2 L
Vi Gbi = 10.24 (tn)

R= 0.95
(m)
L = 3.2 (m)
= 3.57
(tn/m3)
h s rng
cho = 0.575
47

Vy h s y s bng:
12.05
=0.55
1 3.4 0.575 3.57
2
4.4.2. Vn tc thng quay:

S vng quay ti hn:
nt h=
30 30
v ng
= =30
p h t
R 1
S vng quay bi ly tm hon ton:

nmax = 4
nt h
30
v ng
=36.63
pht
10.55
=4
S vng quay thch hp:

48

N=
32 32
v ng
= =22.63
pht
D 2
S vng quay c xt n h s y
n=
8
8
v ng
( 5 +2 )= ( 5 0.55+2 )=26.87
p h t
D
2
Vy ta s chn tc quay cho my l:
n = 23
(vng/pht)
Da vo s vng quay va tm c ta tnh c gc ri ca bi theo

cng thc:
n R
30
n
cos cos
R
30
23 1
cos=
=0.587= =54
30
4.4.3. S chu chuyn ca bi nghin trong thng:
a. S chu k ca chuyn ng bi:

49

Chu k chuyn ng ca bi l mt ng khp knh gm c qu o

trn khi bi qua theo thng v qu o parabol khi bi ri.
Thi gian bi i theo qu o trn:
tc
2
tn
Vi l gc ri ca bi. = 54o = 0.9425 rad

tn l thi gian thng quay c mt vng.
tn
tn
1 1
n 23
(pht)
60
2.609
23
(s)
Vy thi gian bi i theo qu o trn bng:

t c=
2 0.9425 60
=1.04 ( s )
23
Thi gian bi theo qu o parabol:

tp
sin 2
tn
t p=
sin 2(54 ) 60
=0.79 ( s )
23
Thi gian mt chu k chuyn ng ca vin bi:

T =t c +t p=1.04 +0.79=1.83 ( s )
S chu k bi thc hin c sau khi thng quay c mt vng:

60
t
23
C= n =
=1.423 ( v ng )
T 1.83
50

b. S lng bi trn qu o trn v parabol:

Phn trm bi trn qu o trn:
% Nc
N c=
2
100%
2 sin 2
2 0.9425
100 =57
( 2 0.9425 )+ sin ( 2 54 )
Phn trm bi trn qu o parabol:

%N p
N p=
Ta s dng
sin 2
100%
2 sin 2
siin ( 2 54 )
100 =43.099
( 2 0.9425 ) +sin ( 2 54 )
%Nc = 57 % tnh cho cc cng thc sau.
4.5. CNG SUT MY NGHIN BI:

Cng sut tiu hao cho my nghin bi gm hai phn:
Cng sut tiu hao nghin vt liu Nn

Cng sut tiu hao thng ma st gi
Nms
Vy cng sut tng ca my l:
N N n N ms
(kW)
4.5.1. Cng sut tiu hao nghin vt liu: (
Nn
* (Gbi Gvl )v
1000
Nn
(kW)
51

Vi
Phn trm trong lng vt liu v bi quay theo thng

= 57 %=0.57%
Gbi Trng lng ca bi nghin c trong my (N)

Gbi = 12050 (kg)
Gvl Trong lng vt liu c trong my (N)
Gvl = 6000 (kg)
v
bi (m/s)
Thnh phn thng ng ca tc quay tm ti trng
c tnh theo cng thc sau:

v
.a.n
30
Vi a l khong cch t trong tm ti trng n tm nghin theo

phng ng.
a r sin
Trong r l khong cch t tm ti trng bi n tm thng.

r R0
R0
Trong
sin / 2
/2
R12 R22
2
Vi h s cha bi
= 0.55 th:
R2=k R1 = 1 R1=0.671 R1
R21+ ( 0.671 R 1 )
R0=
2
=0.852 R1
R0 =0.852 1=0.852
52

Gc =360 - 4 54 =144 = 2.51 rad
144
)
2
=0.645
2.51
2
sin (
Vy :r =0.852
Gc = 60o
a=0.645 sin( 60 =0.559
Vy
Cui cng ta tm c gi tr ca v:
v=
0.559 23
m
=1.345
30
s
( )
Ta tnh c cng sut tiu hao nghin vt liu:

N n=
0.57 9.81 (12050+ 6000 ) 1.345

=135.77 ( kW )
1000
4.5.2. Cng sut tiu hao thng ma st: ( N ms

N ms
Vi
f .P.vc
1000
(kW)
h s ma st hai c truc my nghin vi .

Thng ly f = 0.07 0.1
chn f = 0.07
vc vn tc vng ca c trc.(m/s)
vc
Rc
.n.Rc
30
bn knh ngoi ca c trc vng nghin.(m)

Rc = 0.2R1 = 0.2 1=0.2(m)
53

s vng quay ca thng nghin.

n = 23 (vng/pht)
Vy
vc=
23 0.2
m
=0.481
30
s
( )
Ptng ti trong tc dng ln gi .

P
G Q Plt cos
Plt sin
trng lng ca bn thn thng.

G = 15618.39367 (kg) = 153216.4419 (N)
trng lng bi v vt liu quay theo thng.

Q = 0.55(Gbi + Gvl) = 0.55 (12050+6000) = 9929
(kg)
= 97406.78 (N)
Plt
lc ly tm do ti trng bi gy nn.
Plt
P =
Q.Ro .n 2
900
97406.78 0.852 232

=48780.018(N )
900
gc to bi Plt v trc thng ng ca ng knh
thng.
= 60o
54

60
153216.4419+97406,78+48780.018 cos ( )
2
2+ ( 48780.018 sin ( 60 ) )
P=
Vy cng tiu hao thng ma st tng ng:

N ms=
0.07 278259.1161 0.481

=9.378 ( kW )
1000
4.5.3.
Cng sut tng cng ca my: (N)

N dc K
Vi K
N n N ms
h s d tr. (K = 1.1 1.15)

ly K = 1.10
hiu sut b truyn ng bng trc tm =0.9 0.94

chn =0.9
Vy tng cng sut ca my bng:

N dc =1.1
135.77+ 9.378
=177.4( kW )
0.9
Ly cng sut ng c : N dc =200 (kW)

4.6. B PHN TRUYN NG:
(Sch tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh tp 1, tc gi Trnh
Cht, L Vn Uyn)
55

H thng truyn ng trong my c dng thc hin mt s

chc nng sau:
- truyn cng sut, chuyn ng t ng c n cc b phn
khc.
- Gim vn tc quay ca dng c n vn tc quay cn.
- Thay i quy lut truyn ng: lin tc thnh gin on, quay
thnh tnh tin.
- Thay i phng chiu chuyn ng.
Ta s dng h thng truyn ng qua ba bc gim tc:

So snh hai b truyn thng dng:
ai
Truyn ng ai thng
dng truyn ng gia
cc trc xa nhau.
Gii thiu
chung
ai c mc trn hai
bnh, chuyn ng nh lc
cng ban u to ra lc ma
st trn b mt ma st gia
bnh ai v ai.
Phn loi
ai c lm t: da, vi
cao su, vi bng, si len, v
si tng hp.
Theo hnh dng tit din
ta c:
ai dt (tit din hnh
ch nht).
ai hnh thang (tit
din hnh chm).
ai nhiu chm (tit
din hnh lc).
Bnh rng
c dng truyn
ng gia cc trc theo
nguyn l n khp, thng
thng c km theo s
thay i v tr s v
chiu ca vn tc cng
nh moment.
Theo v tr tng i
ca cc trc ta phn ra:
Truyn ng gia
cc trc song song:
dng bnh rng tr
(thng, nghin, ch
V).
Truyn ng gia
cc trc giao nhau:
bnh rng cn
(thng, nghin,
cung trn)
56

ai rng.
Gii hn
cng sut
T s
truyn
C th dng n 1500 kW
nhng thng c dng t
0.3 500 kW.
Khuyt
im
Lm vic vi vn tc
ln.
ai dt t 2 6
Bnh rng tr: 4 6
ai thang t 3 5
Bnh rng cn: 2 3
B truyn ng ai lm
vic m, thch hp vi vn
tc ln.
u dim
Truyn ng gia
cc trc cho nhau:
bnh rng tr cho
hoc bnh rng cn
cho.
Cng sut ln n vi
chc ngn kW.
C th lm vic khong
cch xa.
Kch thc nh, kh

nng ti ln.
t s truyn n nh v
khng thay i do khng
c trt.
D thay th, gi thnh

thp.
tinh cy cao. Lm
vic c tui th cao
(30000 h).
Kch thc ln hn b
truyn bnh rng c cng
cng sut (>5 ln)
Ch to phc tp, chi

ph cao.
i hi chnh xc
T s truyn b thay i do cao.
trt n hi v dy ai b
vn hnh vi vn tc
dn trong qu trnh s
ln gy ra n.
dng.
Lc tc dng trn trc ln
do c lc cng ai
Tui th thp (1000
5000 h)
Ta khng cn chuyn chuyn ng quay thnh chuyn ng tnh

tin, khng i hi chnh xc cao, v do kch thc my ln, nhm
57

gim phn no trng lng thng nn ta s s dng dy ai

truyn dng.
Truyn ng dy ai gim gip gi thnh u t ban u, thun
tin cho vic thay th sa cha, khng lm gin on qu trnh sn
xut nu c h hng dy ai.
4.6.1. La chn ng c:
Ta s dng h thng truyn ng theo s nh sau:
S b truyn ng
Trong :
(1)
Thng nghin
(2)
B truyn ai thang
(3)
Hp gim tc 2 cp bnh rng tr rng thng
(4)
Ni trc n hi
(5)
ng c
S dng ng c in xoay chiu ba pha khng ng b rto
ngn mch bi v kt cu n gin, gi thnh tng i h, d
bo qun, lm vic tin cy, c th mc vo li in 3 pha
khng cn bin i dng in.
Cn c theo
N c
, ta chn loi ng c in khng ng b 3
pha, loi 3K do nh my ng c in Vit Nam Hungary sn

xut.
58

- Tn my: 3K355M6
- Cng sut: 200 kW
- S vng quay: 985 vng/pht
- in p nh mc: 380/220 V
- Dng in: 288/166 A
- T s monment cc i: 2.8
- T s moment khi ng: 2
- T s dng in khi ng: 5.6
- Khi lng: 1900 kg
- Hiu sut : 94%
- H s cng sut : 0.85
Vn tc quay ca ng c ln, ta cn phi gim tc c c s
vng quay yu cu l 23 (v/ph). gim t 985 (v/ph) xung 23
(v/ph) ta cn t s truyn tng l:
u =
985
=42.83
23
59

T s truyn ca ton h thng:

u =ubr 1 ubr 2 u dt =42.83
Chn hp gim tc bnh rng tr rng thng 2 cp c t s truyn u br

= 16
[2]
u dt =
42.83
=2.677
16
S vng quay ca cc trc:

n I =n c =985
n II =
( vphngt )
n I 985
v ng
=
=246.25(
)
ubr 1
4
p h t
n III =
nII 246.25
v ng
=
=61.5625
ubr 2
4
p h t
n IV =n=
n III 61.5625
v ng
=
=23(
)
u dt
2.677
p h t
Cng sut trn trc my:

[2]
PIV = 135.77(kW)
Cng sut trn trc III:
60

PIII
P IV
135.77
=
=144.36 (kW )
dt ol 0.95 0.99
Cng sut trn trc II:

PII =
P III
144.36
=
=153.49 ( kW )
ol br 0.99 0.95
Cng sut trn trc ng c:

PI =P c =
P II
153.49
=
=163.20 kW
ol br 0.99 0.95
Moment xon T trn cc trc:

T I =9.55 106
PI
163.20
=9.55 106
=1582327.273( Nmm)
nI
985
T II =9.55 106
P II
153.49
=9.55 106
=5952715.202(Nmm)
n II
246.25
T III =9.55 106
PIII
144.36
=9.55 106
=22394114.59( Nmm)
n III
61.5625
T IV =9.55 106
PIV
135.77
=9.55 106
=56374292.93(Nmm)
n IV
22.99
61

Bng s liu thit k b truyn ng :
Trc
Trc ng
c (Trc I
hp gim
tc)
Trc II
hp gim
tc
Trc III
hp gim
tc
Trc IV
(Trc my
nghin bi)
163.20
153.49
144.36
135.77
Thng
s
Cng sut
P(kW)
T s truyn
Ubr1 = 4
S vng
quay (v/ph)
Moment
xon T
(Nmm)
Ubr2 = 4
Ut = 2.677
985
246.25
61.5625
23
1582327.273
5952715.202
22394114.59
56374292.93
4.6.2. Hp gim tc:

Ta s dng hp gim tc bnh rng tr rng thng 2 cp c t s
truyn tng l 16.Trong hp gim tc c 2 cp bnh rng tr rng
thng.
Mt s loi bnh rng tr rng thng

Cp th nht:
S liu ban u:
Cng sut vo: 163.20 kW
62

S vng quay: 985 (v/p)

T s truyn: u = 4
Moment xon: TI = 1582327.273 (Nmm)
Chn vt liu v phng php nhit luyn:
Chn vt liu l thp 40Cr c ti ci thin do bnh rng phi lm
vic trong mi trng chu lc mnh nn yu cu ca vt liu ch to
l c bn cao, cng cao, r tin trnh cc dng hng nh:
trc r b mt rng, gy rng, dnh rng, bin dng do b mt.
Xc nh ng sut un v ng sut tip cho php:
[2]
ng sut mi tip xc ca vt liu ch to 2 bnh rng [] H = 480
MPa
ng sut un ca vt liu ch to 2 bnh rng [] F = 240 MPa
Chn h s ba . Chn s b h s KH:
Phng php nhit luyn thp l thng ha v ti ci thin, HB <
350 v bnh rng nm i xng vi trc nn
Theo tiu chun, chn
bd ba
ba 0,3 0,5
ba 0, 4
(u 1)
(4 1)
0.4
1
2
2
Khi :
K H 1, 04
a chn
T
[2]
K F 1,08
v
Xc nh khong cch trc:

63

Khong cch trc ca b truyn bnh rng thng:
a w =50 (u+ 1 ) 3
T I K H
2
ba [ H ] u
=50 ( 4+ 1 ) 3
1582327.273 1.04
=412 ( mm )
2
0.4 480 4
Chn modul:
mn=( 0.01 0.02) aw
m=( 0.01 0.02 ) a w =( 0.01 0.02 ) 412=( 4.12 8.24 )
Theo tiu chun ta chn m = 5

[2]
Xc nh s rng, tnh chnh xc u:
Tng s rng:
Z 1 + Z2 =
2 a w 2 412
=
165 (r ng)
m
5
S rng bnh nh:

Z 1=
Z1 + Z 2 165
=
=33(r ng)
u+1
4 +1
S rng bnh ln:

Z 2=155Z1 =16533=132(r ng)
Tnh li t s truyn:
ubr =
Z 2 132
=
=4
Z 1 33
Kch thc bnh rng :
ng knh vng chia:

64

d 1=Z 1 m=33 5=165 ( mm )

d 2=Z 2 m=132 5=660(mm)
ng knh vng nh:

d a 1=d 1 +2 m=165+2 5=175 ( mm )
d a 2=d 2 +2 m=660+2 5=670(mm)
ng knh vng chn:

d i 1=d 12.5 m=1652.5 5=152.5 ( mm )
d i 2=d 22.5 m=6602.5 5=647.5(mm)
Khong cch trc:

a=
d1 +d 2 165+660
=
=412.5(mm)
2
2
B rng bnh rng:

b=ba a=0.4 412.5=165(mm)
Cp th hai:
S liu ban u:
Cng sut vo: 153,49kW
65

S vng quay: 246.25 (v/p)

T s truyn: u = 4
Moment xon TII = 5952715,202(Nmm)
Chn vt liu v phng php nhit luyn :
Chn vt liu l thp 40Cr c ti ci thin do bnh rng phi lm
vic trong mi trng chu lc mnh nn yu cu ca vt liu ch to
l c bn cao, cng cao, r tin trnh cc dng hng nh:
trc r b mt rng, gy rng, dnh rng, bin dng do b mt.
Xc nh ng sut un v ng sut tip cho php:
[2]
ng sut mi tip xc ca vt liu ch to 2 bnh rng [] H = 480
MPa
ng sut un ca vt liu ch to 2 bnh rng [] F = 240 MPa
Chn h s ba . Chn s b h s KH:
Phng php nhit luyn thp l thng ha v ti ci thin, HB <
350 v bnh rng nm i xng vi trc nn
Theo tiu chun, chn
bd ba
ba 0,3 0,5
ba 0, 4
(u 1)
(4 1)
0.4
1
2
2
Khi :
K H 1, 04
a chn
T
[2]
K F 1,08
v
Xc nh khong cch trc:

66

Khong cch trc ca b truyn bnh rng thng:
a w =50 (u+ 1 ) 3
T II K H
2
ba [ H ] u
=50 ( 4+ 1 ) 3
5952715.202 1.04
0.4 4802 4
64.21 ( mm )
Chn modul:
mn (0, 01 0, 02) aw
m=( 0.01 0.02 ) a w =( 0.01 0.02 ) 640,21=( 6.4 12.8 )
Theo tiu chun ta chn m = 8

[2]
Xc nh s rng, tnh chnh xc u:

Tng s rng:
Z 1 + Z2 =
2 a w 2 636.68
=
=159.17 160(r ng)
m
8
S rng bnh nh:

Z 1=
Z1 + Z 2 160
=
=32(r ng)
u+1
4 +1
S rng bnh ln
: Z 2=150Z1 =16032=128 (r ng)
67

Tnh li t s truyn:
ubr =
Z 2 128
=
=4
Z 1 32
Kch thc bnh rng :
ng knh vng chia:

d 1=Z 1 m=32 8=256 ( mm )
d 2=Z 2 m=128 8=1024 (mm)
ng knh vng nh:

d a 1=d 1 +2 m=256+2 8=272 ( mm )
d a 2=d 2 +2 m=1024+ 2 8=1040(mm)
ng knh vng chn:

d i 1=d 12.5 m=2562.5 8=236 ( mm )
d i 2=d 22.5 m=10402.5 8=1020(mm)
Khong cch trc:

a=
d1 +d 2 256+1024
=
=640(mm)
2
2
68

B rng bnh rng:

b=ba a=0.4 640=256 (mm)
4.6.3. B truyn ai thang:

Thng s u vo:
Cng sut vo: PIII = 144,36 kW
S vng quay: nIII = 61.5625 (v/p)

T s truyn: udt = 2.677
Moment xon: TIII = 22394114.59(Nmm)
Chn loi ai:
[2]
K
hiu
E
3
2
3
8
Din tch
tit din A,
mm2
23.
5
8.
3
692
ng knh
bnh ai nh d1,
mm
Chiu di
gii hn l,
mm
500 - 1000
4500 18000
69

Thit k b truyn ng ai thang c t s truyn u dd = 2.677

ng knh ngoi ca thng nghin c gi tr Dout = 2180 (mm)
ng knh bnh ai ln cng chnh l ng knh thng nghin:
d2 = Dout = 2180 mm
Vi t s truyn cn c th ng knh bnh ai nh s bng:
Chn h s trt
[2]
0.01 0.02
Chn =0.01
1
u dt
d
d 1= 2
Theo tiu chun, chn ng knh bnh ai nh d1 = 900 (mm)

[2]
Kim tra li t s truyn ta c
d
udt = 2
d1
Vn tc ai:
70

v=
d 1 n III 900 61.5625

m
=
=2.9( )
60000
60000
s
Nhn thy vn tc ny nm trong vn tc an ton ca ai thang

thng v < 25 (m/s).Chp nhn d1 = 900 (mm).
Khong cch trc a:
Chn s b khong cch trc a, do ud = 2.42 nn a = 1.0852d2 =
1.08522180 =2366(mm)
Kim tra iu kin khong cch trc:
[2]
2 ( d 1+ d 2 ) a 0.55 ( d 1+d 2 ) +h
2 ( 900+2180 ) a 0.55 ( 900+2180 ) +23.5
6160 a 1717.5
Tha mn chn s b.
Tnh chiu di L theo a s b:
2
(d d )
(2180900)
L=2 a+ ( d 1 +d 2 ) + 2 1 =2 2366+ ( 900+ 2180 )+

=9740.72( mm)
2
4a
2
4 2366
Vy chiu di ai (theo tiu chun) l L = 10000 (mm) = 10 (m)

ni dy ai ta tng L t 100 400 v theo tiu chun.
[2]
Ta chn L=1000(mm)=10(m)
Kim nghim ai v tui th:
71

v 2.9
1
i= =
=0.29( )
l 10
s
Ta nhn thy i tha iu kin
1
i imax 10
s
Tnh li khong cch trc a:
2
( d 2 +d 1 ) 2
d d
L
+ L ( d 2 +d 1 ) 8 2 1
2
2
2
a=
4
) (
( 2180+900 )
10000
2
2
2180900
28
2
10000 ( 2180+900 )+
2
Vy a = 2500(mm)
Tnh gc m ai:
[2]
Gc m 1 trn bnh ai nh:
1=180 57
( d 2d 1)
(2180900)
=180 57
=150.8
a
2499
72

1 120o
Tho iu kin cho php

Suy ra d1, d2, a tha mn iu kin cho php
Tnh s dy ai:
[2]
S ai thang cn thit:
PIII
Po .C .Cu .CL .Cz .Cr .Cv
Trong :
PIII = 144,36 (kW)
[Po] = 16 (kW)
C h s xt n nh hng ca gc m ai:
C =1.24 1e
1
110
)=1.24 ( 1e
150.58
110
)=0.96
Cu h s xt n t s truyn u
[2]
Cu = 1.14 do u 2.5
CL- h s xt n nh hng chiu di dy ai:
C L= 6
L 6 10000
=
=0.992
L0
10500
CZ h s xt n nh hng ca s phn b khng u ti trng

gia cc dy ai:
Cz = 0.9
[2]
73

Cr h s xt n nh hng ca ti trng:
Cr = 0.9
[2]
Cv h s nh hng vn tc:
[2]
C v =10.05 ( 0.01 v2 1 )=10.05 ( 0.01 2.921 ) =1.046
S ai thang cn thit:
Z
141.99
=9.79 10
16 0.93 1.14 0.992 0.9 0.9 1.046
Kch thc bnh ai:

Chiu rng bnh ai c xc nh theo cng thc
[4]
B zbo ( z 1)t 2e
Vi loi ai chn ta c :
z=10, b0=38, t=12, e=44.5
[4]
v [ 2]
B=9 38+ ( 101 ) 12+ 2 44.5=539 ( mm )
ng knh ngoi bnh ai:

[4]
d a=d+ 2h 0=d +2 y (v i h0 l y )
Vy:
d a 1=d 1 +2 h0=900+2 8.3=916.6 ( mm )
74

d a 2=d 2 +2 h0=2180+2 8.3=2196.6 ( mm )
Tm li sau cng ta s chn b 9 ai hnh thang c cc thng

s tm tt theo bng sau:
ng
knh bnh
ai nh d1
v da1,
mm
ng knh
bnh ai ln
d2 v da2,
mm
Khong
cch
trc a,
mm
900 / 917
2180 / 2197
2500
Chiu
di ai
L, mm
Chiu
rng
bnh
ai B,
mm
Gc m
trn
bnh
ai nh
T s
truy
nu
10000
539
150.8o
2.677
CHNG 5. KIM TRA TNH BN

5.1.
Thn thng:
Ta xem thng nghin nh mt ci dm t trn hai gi , thng chu
tc dng ca mmen un v mmen xon theo thuyt ng sut tip
ln nht.
Ta xem trng lng bn thn thng, trng lng bi nghin v vt liu
nh ti trong phn b u sut chiu di thng. Cn trng lng hai
mt y v c trc l ti trong tp trung.
Theo cc tnh ton phn trn cho thy ch c 57% bi nghin v vt
liu quay theo thng.
Tng ti trong tc dng ln thng:
G=Gbi +Gvl +G g +Gt +2 G dt +Gct =12050+6000+ 6220+7372+ 2 43.285+1940
33671.73112 ( kg ) =33.671 ( t n )=330319.6823(N )
75

Gi Plt l lc ly tm do bi v vt liu cng quay vi thng sinh ra.

[1]
2 2
m v 2 0.57 ( G bi +G vl ) r n
P =
=
r
900 rg
Gbi = 118243,2404(N)
Gvl = 58860 (N)
n = 23 (v/ph)
r = 0.750R = 0.75 (m)
Plt2
250
Plt1
Plt
G
Vy lc ly tm bng:
0.56 (118243.2404 +5 8860) 2 0.752 232

P =
=44726.62(N)
900 0.75 9.81
Phng ca lc ly tm l phng t tm thng n tm ca khi vt

liu quay. Gc to bi phng ca lc ly tm v phng ca trng
lc l = 60o
Hp lc Q gia lc ly tm v trng lc gy nn lc un thn thng.
Q G 2 Plt2 2GPlt cos(180o 60o )

Q G 2 Plt2 GPlt
Q= 330319.68232 +44726.622 +330319.6823 44726.62=355(kN )
76

Ta c c momen un tc dng ln thn thng:

[1]
Mu
Q.L
8
Vi L l khong cch tm ca hai gi .

L=3.58+0.02 2+
2 2 0.8
=4.26 ( m )
5
Mmen un ca thn thng bng:
M u=
355000 4.26
=188932.9555( Nm)
8
Mmen chng un ca thn thng:

[1]
(Rn4 Rt 4 )
W u=
4 Rn
Vi Rn, Rt l bn knh ngoi v trong ca thn thng.

Rn =1.09 m
Rt = 1 m
W u=
( 1.094 14 )
=0.296 ( m3 )
4 1.09
V trn thn thng c khot l lm ca nn cn gim mmen chng

un i 20%.
77

Vy ng sut un s bng:
[1]
u=
Mu
189574.8278
N
=
=796743.65( 2 )
0.8 W u
0.8 0.297
m
Mmen xon tc dng ln thn thng:

[1]
M x =9740
N
n
Vi: N l cng sut tiu hao cho my. N = 200 kW

n l s vng quay ca thng. n = 23 v/p
M x =9740
200
=84695.65217 ( N . m)
23
Mmen chng xon ca thn thng gp 2 ln mmen chng un.

[1]
W x =2W u=2 0.297=0.593(m )
ng sut tip sinh ra do mmen xon.

[1]
78

Mx
84695.65217
N
=
=178583.7809( 2 )
0.8 W x 0.8 0.594
m
Vy ng sut sinh ra thn thng do un v xon bng:

[1]
= u2+ 2= 796743.652 +178583.78092=816512.4682(
N
)
m2
Ta c gii hn bn [] = 1000 N/mm2 =109 N/m2

Nh vy < [] nn thn thng tha iu kin v bn.
5.2.
Bulng ghp thn v y thng:
Hai mt y c ni vi thn thng nh bulng. Khi my lm vic
th bulng chu lc ct do mmen xon v tng ti trng ca thng
gy ra.
Lc tng gy ra ct bulng :
[1]
P=P1 + P2
P1 l lc ct sinh ra do nh hng ca trng lng v lc ly tm.
P1=
RB l
r
Vi: RB l phn lc gi . (N)

79

RB = Plt1 + G
RB = Plt.cos60o + G
RB = 44726.62 cos60o + 330319,6823 =352703.5525 (N)
l l khong cch ni tm gi vi thn thng.
l = 340 mm
r l bn knh vng phn b bulng.
r = 1090 mm
Vy lc ct do trng lc v lc ly tm sinh ra c gi tr:
P1=
352703.5525 0.34
=110017.6219 (N)
1.090
P2 l lc ct sinh ra do nh hng ca lc vng.
P2=
9740 N 9740 200

=
=77702.43319( N )
nr
23 1.090
Vy ta c lc ct tng cng ln bulng l:

P=110017.6219+77702.43319=187720.0551( N)
ng sut bulng do lc ct gy ra l:
Vi:
[2]
P
m.0.785.d 2
lng
bulng,
28
80

d=
4F
4 187720.0551
=
=37.51(mm)
[ ]
170
Trong F: ngoi lc tc ng dc trc bulng

[ ]: ng sut ct cho php ca vt liu bulong.
[ ] =( 0.2 0.3 ) c =0.2 850=170(
N
)
2
cm
[2]
81

d l ng knh bulng, chn bulng tiu chun M42 c d = 42 mm

= 4.2 cm
Vy ng sut sinh ra s bng:
c=
187720.0551
N
=484.15( 2 )
2
30 0.785 4.2
cm
ng sut ct cho php:

[c] = (0.2 0.3)ch
Vi vt liu lm bulng l thp hp kim 40XHBA c ch = 850N/mm2
= 85000 N/cm2
Vy [c] = 0.2 85000 = 17000 N/cm2
Nh vy:c< [c] nn bulng tha v tnh bn.
5.3.
C trc thng nghin:

C thng nghin chnh l ni d t gy nht trong ton b kt cu
thng, tit din nguy hin nht chnh l tit din tip gip gia c v
y thng, ni thng c khuyt tt do c gy ra.
Ra A
A-A
D
A
l
Mnmen un ti tit din A A l:

[1]
Mu = RA.l
Trong :
RA l phn lc gi .
RA = .RB = 176351.7763(N)
82

l l khong cch t tm c n tit din A A.

l = 340 mm = 0.34 m
Vy Mu = 176351.77630.34 = 59959.60393(N.m)
Mmen xon tc dng ln c trc:
Mx = 84695.65217
(N.m)
Mmen tng ng bng:

[1]
M td = M u2+ M x2
M td = 59959.603932+ 84695.652172=103771.42(N . m)
Mmen chng un bng:

4
D3
d
W
1
32
D
Vi :
D l ng knh ngoi ca c thng, D = 0.34 m

d l ng knh trong ca c thng nghin, d = 0 m
W=
[ ( )]
0.34
0
1
32
0.34
=3.857 103 (N .m)
ng sut ti tit din A A bng:
M td 103771,42
N
N
=
=26906755.89 2 =2690.68
3
2
W 3.857 10
m
cm
( )
( )
83

Ta c [] = 1000 N/mm2 = 100 000 N/cm2

Nh vy: < [] nn c trc tha iu kin v bn.
Bng tm tt thng s k thut my nghin bi :
Thng s
ng knh trong
Chiu di
Chiu dy gch lt
Nng sut
Chiu dy v thp
ng knh ngoi
ng knh trc
Chiu di trc
S gch vng thn
S gch mt y
Khi lng gch lt
Khi lng v thp
H s y bi n
S vng quay ca
thng
Gc ri ca bi
Thi gian mt chu
k chuyn ng ca
bi
Phn trm bi quay
theo thng
Cng sut ng c
Khi lng bi
m phi liu
T trng h
S dy ai
Khong cch gia 2
trc ai
Gc m bnh ai
nh
K hiu
D
L
g
Q
t
Dout
d
l
nt
nd
Gg
Gt
Gi tr
2000
3400
60
6
30
2180
340
800
3220
838
6222.25
7372.17
0.55
n v
mm
mm
mm
tn/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
vin
vin
kg
kg
-
23
vng/pht
54
1.83
0.57
N
Gbi
W
h
Z
200
12053
50
1.74
10
kW
kg
%
kg/dm3
dy
2500
mm
150.08
84

CHNG 6. TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] H L Vin, Cc my gia cng vt liu rn v do - Tp 1,
Nh xut bn Khoa Hc v K Thut H Ni, 2003.
[Trang 101-246]
[2] Nguyn Hu Lc, C s Thit k my, Nh xut bn i Hc
Quc Gia TPHCM, 2004.
[Trang 88-581]
[3] Sacmi, Applied Ceramic Technology Volume 1, Via Selice
Provinciale 17/A - 40026 Imola (BO) Italy, 2005.
[Trang 331]
[4] Trnh Cht, L Uyn,Tnh ton h thng dn ng c khTp I.
[Trang 63]
85

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t

I HC QUC GIA TP.H CH MINH

THIT K MY NGHIN BI GIN ON NGHIN

L sinh vin khoa cng ngh vt liu thuc b mn silicat, vic nm

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V QU TRNH NGHIN................................................1

KHI NIM CHUNG V QU TRNH NGHIN................................................1

Khi nim :.......................................................................................... 1

Cc phng php tc dng lc :..........................................................1

Cc yu cu i vi qu trnh p nghin :.........................................2

Phn loi theo chu trnh v phng php nghin:...............................2

C S L THUYT CA QU TRNH P NGHIN :.....................................4

nh lut Bond v ch s cng:............................................................5

CHNG 2. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU............................................................6

CC TNH CHT C BN CA VT LIU NGHIN........................................6

Trng lng ring:................................................................................ 7

Kch thc ht:.................................................................................... 8

THNH PHN NGUYN LIU :...................................................................10

CHNG 3. GII THIU V MY NGHIN BI GIN ON....................................12

MY NGHIN BI GIN ON:....................................................................12

Gii thiu s lc:.............................................................................. 12

Nguyn l hot ng:........................................................................13

Mt s chi tit c bn ca my nghin bi gin on.........................13

LTHUYT TNH TON:.............................................................................17

Lng bi nghin np vo my:..........................................................17

Tc quay ca thng nghin:.........................................................20

Lng vt liu np:............................................................................25

CHNG 4. TNH TON THIT K MY NGHIN BI GIN ON NGHIN XNG

TNH CN BNG VT CHT:.....................................................................26

Quy trnh sn xut:............................................................................28

Bng tnh cn bng vt cht:............................................................30

Kch thc thng nghin:...................................................................32

C trc (gm mt bt v trc):...........................................................41

TNH TON CHUYN NG CA MY:......................................................41

S chu chuyn ca bi nghin trong thng:........................................43

CNG SUT MY NGHIN BI:...................................................................45

Cng sut tiu hao nghin vt liu: ( Nn .................................45

Cng sut tiu hao thng ma st: ( Nms .................................47

Cng sut tng cng ca my: (N)....................................................48

B PHN TRUYN NG:.........................................................................48

Bulng ghp thn v y thng:..............................................................69

C trc thng nghin:.............................................................................. 71

CHNG 6. TI LIU THAM KHO......................................................................74

Thit k my nghin bi nng sut 6 triu chn/nm

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V QU TRNH NGHIN

KHI NIM CHUNG V QU TRNH NGHIN

1.1.1. Khi nim :

Cc phng php tc dng lc :

i vi hn hp vt liu c kch thc khc nhau th ta dng li

Thit k my nghin bi nng sut 6 triu chn/nm

T ta tnh c h s p nghin theo cng thc

1.1.4. Cc yu cu i vi qu trnh p nghin :

Lc lin kt gia cc phn t vt liu.

Thit k my nghin bi nng sut 6 triu chn/nm

1.1.5. Phn loi theo chu trnh v phng php

Lm vic theo chu trnh kn: c dng hi lu.

b) Theo phng php nghin:

Vt liu sau khi nghin khng cn sy li.

C th kt hp qu trnh nghin v sy.

Tiu tn nhiu nng lng.

Thit k my nghin bi nng sut 6 triu chn/nm

Tiu tn nng lng sy kh vt liu sau khi nghin.

C S L THUYT CA QU TRNH P NGHIN :

1.2.1. Cc l thuyt v nghin:

b. Thuyt th tch ca Kick: