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mean opportunity for male extroverts and female extroverts minus the difference
in mean opportunity for male introverts and female introverts. This may be
seen below */
reg opp fem_int fem_ext mal_int mal_ext, nocons
/* Estimate the difference in means for male_ext and fem_ext minus the
difference in means for mal_int and fem_int and obtain the standard error
of the difference. */
di (69.48148 - 64.875) - (55.75 - 58.65385)
reg opp gen1 pers1 gen_pers
/* The gen_pers parameter estimate agrees to the above and we automatically
have the standard error of this difference. */
/* Next, we turn to various methods to test the statistical significance
between the difference in mean opp for male extroverts and female introverts.
This can be done estimating the mean of each group using regression
without a constant term.... */
reg opp fem_int fem_ext mal_int mal_ext, nocons
test _b[mal_ext]== _b[fem_int]
/* ... or by using a regression with a constant term and testing a linear
combination of parameters. Note here the appropriate test is not
_b[gen1] = _b[pers1] = _b[gen_pers] =0. We aren't testing that each are equal
to zero, but rather that the sum is equal to zero. */
reg opp gen1 pers1 gen_pers
test _b[gen1] + _b[pers1] + _b[gen_pers]=0
/* t test vs. regression for difference in means between male extroverts and
female extroverts. */
reg opp gen1
ttest opp, by(gen1)
/* Above results are equivalent. */