Stop Motion

Animation
Joe T

Techniques
Persistence Of Vision This is the phenomenon where the

retina keeps an image for a split seconds after the image was
actually seen which then is replaced by another image seen
which constantly happens to make a sequence of images.
Because the images are being seen so fast, you cannot see the
black spade in-between each image you see, this is persistence
of vision. Which basically lets us see one consistent flow of vision,
rather than a set of images that jutter and arent clear.

Stop Frame Stop frame animation is a number of still images

that are played immediately after each other which then gives
the illusion of movement. The quality of the video will depend on
how fast the images switch between each other. If its slower then
the video will look jumpy. Where as, if the images change faster it
will look more fluent and clean.

Frame Rates (FPS) Frame rate is the rate at which images

Development

 Joseph Plateau was the first person to demonstrate the

illusion of a moving image as well as the inventor of the
phenakitoscope, which was made in 1832. Which uses
the persistence of motion principle to create the illusion
of motion. It used two discs mounted on the same axis.
The first disk had slots on the edges, and the second had
drawings which work together to create the illusion of
movement when used.

William Horner Zoetrope, he created the zoetrope in

1829 but, Newton experimented with a similar design
before it was formally made by him. The zoetrope is a
cylinder with slits in, and on the inner sides there's
images which appear to be moving when the zoetrope is
sinned by somebody, whilst looking through one of the
slits as each picture is different so when theyre moved it
creates the illusion of movement.

 Emile Reynaud created the praxinoscope in 1877. He

was also responsible for the first animated cartoons
made. As well as this he created the Theatre Optique.
The praxinoscope is a band of images that are different
to each other. They are placed on a rotating drum which
then reflects the images off mirrors from the inside of
the design which then create the illusion of a moving
images when used.

Developers

Wills OBrien

Will OBrien was born on the 2nd of March, 1886. He died at the age
of 76 on November the 8th, 1962. He was mind the original KingKong
(1933). Whilst he was growing up he enjoyed sculpting and crafting,
from an early age. At the age of 11, he moved out and began
working on ranches, he moved between jobs as he was growing up,
and used his spare time sculpting and illustrating which slowly built
up his skills. Over time, these skills he adopted led him to becoming
a draftsman in an architects office. In later years his well made work
ended up being displayed at the San Francisco World's Fair. His work
on model humans, animals and much more became props in short
animations. These events lef up to him creating a short film with the
budget of around $5000. He then began creating short films in 1914
which would go on to become some of the best in history. He worked
on models for films such as The original KingKong (1933). He won
the award for The best visual effects in the 1950s.

Contemporary Work - Aardman Animations

Peter Lord and David Sproxton began their animating partnership whilst at school.
In 1972 they registered the name Aardman Animations as their won, and after
graduating, they moved to Bristol in 1976. This is where they produced their first
professional production. Creating Morph for the childrens programme take hart.
The film Chicken Run, was Aardmans first full length film which would go on to be
a classic in film and animation history. The film was directed by Nick Park and
Peter Lord. The film was released in June 2000 and grossed 220 Million+ in world
box-office. The film Wallace and gromit: Curse of the were-rabbit (2005) was
another great success, becoming popular in both the UK and America. As well as
winning rewards such as best animated feature film.
As part of a feature film with sony pictures animation (SPE). Arthur Christmas was
an action-adventure comedy set on Christmas eve. This was released in
November 2011. As well as this, The Pirates! In An Adventure With Scientists
was released, and this one received the Academy Award nomination the following
year, in 2012.
Their work still continues to this day, with new animations and work constantly
being worked on to create more successful films and animations.

Genres And
Forms

TV shows Animation is used a lot more in TV shows than film. Mainly

in cartoons, such as Family Guy, American Dad! And South Park. These
programmes are watched across the world each day, and are still
ongoing programmes that are constantly adding new episodes, they
are entirely made up of animation.
Mobile Phones Mobile phones are a good way of accessing films or
TV shows to stream/watch from the devise so, they are capable of
using animation.
Film Animation has been used in film too, for example stop motion
was used when making Jason And The Argonauts and KingKong.
Certain companies specialize in stop motion, like Aardman Animations.

Games Shauns Game Academy is an interactive, animated game

made by Aardman Animations. The aim was to develop an online
game aimed at children. The aim is to complete levels, its a simple
game but, its made with animation.

Music Videos The Killers Miss Atomic Bomb used animation in its
music video which was released in 2012, and directed by Warren Fu.
But, there's not many animated music videos made.