2 - The Stamp-Collection Plotting Approach What Monitoring Data Do We Actually Have Nils Reich

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
The stamp-collection plotting approach:

What monitoring data do we
actually have?
Nils Reich
Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany
www.ise.fraunhofer.de

Outline
Introduction
Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection
Collaborative effort within Task 13
Examples of more complex plotting

Conclusions

Outline
Introduction

Conclusions

Introduction: What is monitored?

slide stolen from Achim Woyte, next talk, but slightly adapted
GI
VDC
IDC
PDC
PV array
Inverter
VAC
IAC
PAC
Grid
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
yA
Array yield
yf
System yield
IS
System losses
IC
Array capture
losses
PR

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

slide stolen from Achim Woyte, next talk
GI
VDC
IDC
PDC
PV array
Inverter
VAC
IAC
PAC
Grid
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
yA
Array yield
yf
System yield
IS
System losses
IC
Array capture
losses
PR


slide stolen from Achim Woyte, but added some entropy
GI
VDC
IDC
PDC
PV array
Inverter
VAC
IAC
PAC
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
yA
Array yield
yf
System yield
PR
IC
Array capture
losses
IS
System losses


Adding more entropy in the next slides!
GI
VDC
IDC
PDC
PV array
Inverter
VAC
IAC
PAC
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
yA
Array yield
yf
System yield
PR
IC
Array capture
losses
IS
System losses


Irradiance
VDC
Pyranometer
G
IDC
PV array
- global horizontal
PDC
- plane-of-array
- diffuse fraction (shading ring)
Reference Cells in POA
Meteo data
POA in tracked systems
Sun-Tracking sensors
Tamb , T mod , SW
- diffuse (shading ball)
precipitation, humidity
- direct beam
yr
yA
Reference yield
Array yield
Inverter
yf
System yield
PR
IC
Array capture
losses
VAC
IAC
PAC
IS
System losses


Irradiance
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Meteo data
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
yA
Array yield
yf
System yield
PR
IC
Array capture
losses
IS
System losses


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Module & inverter data

interconnection scheme
location and orientation
Meteo data
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
yA
Array yield
yf
System yield
PR
IC
Array capture
losses
IS
System losses


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Meteo data
Inverter
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
yA
Array yield
VDC,system
IDC,system
PDC,system

Utility meter
PAC,array
yf
System yield
PR
IC
Array capture
losses
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
IS
System losses


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
Meteo data
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
yA
Array yield
VDC,system
IDC,system
PDC,system

Utility meter
PAC,array
yf
System yield
Calculated quantities
PR
IC
Array capture
losses
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
IS
System losses


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Inverter
Meteo data
VDC,system
IDC,system
PDC,system
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
PR
Utility meter
PAC,array
yf
System yield
yA
Array yield

IS
IC
System losses
Array capture PR_array
losses often only for sub-systems


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
Meteo data
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
VDC,system
IDC,system
PDC,system
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
and how is it
monitored?
Data from inverters?
Data from supposedly better
quality monitoring?
Data from high-quality
monitoring?
PR
Utility meter
PAC,array
yf
System yield
yA
Array yield

IS
IC
System losses
Array capture

Collecting data looked quite challenging

especially with so many participating Task 13 members from all over the world
Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Inverter
Meteo data
VDC,system
IDC,system
PDC,system
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
and how is it
monitored?
Data from better
quality monitoring?
Data from highquality monitoring?
PR
Utility meter
PAC,array
yf
System yield
yA
Array yield

IS
IC
System losses
Array capture

To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps!

Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
Meteo data
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
and how is it
monitored?
Data from better
quality monitoring?
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Utility device
VDC,system
PAC,array
IDC,system
PDC,system
yA
Array yield
for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant
IS
IC
System losses
Array capture
PR

yf
System yield


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
Meteo data
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
and how is it
monitored?
Data from better
quality monitoring?
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Utility device
VDC,system
PAC,array
IDC,system
PDC,system
yA
Array yield
IS
IC
System losses
Array capture
PR

yf
System yield


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
Meteo data
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
and how is it
monitored?
Data from better
quality monitoring?
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Utility device
VDC,system
PAC,array
IDC,system
PDC,system
yA
Array yield
IS
IC
System losses
Array capture
PR

yf
System yield


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
Meteo data
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
and how is it
monitored?
Data from better
quality monitoring?
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Utility device
VDC,system
PAC,array
IDC,system
PDC,system
yA
Array yield
IS
IC
System losses
Array capture
PR

yf
System yield


Irradiance
System specs
Actual system data
Pyranometer
G
- global horizontal
- plane-of-array
VDC,array
IDC,array
PDC,array
PV array
Inverter
Meteo data
PV total
Tamb , T mod , SW
yr
Reference yield
and how is it
monitored?
Data from better
quality monitoring?
VAC,array
IAC,array
PAC,array
Utility device
VDC,system
PAC,array
IDC,system
PDC,system
yA
Array yield
IS
IC
System losses
Array capture
PR

yf
System yield

Stamp-collection of PV monitoring data

PV-stamp-collection
One week of data over time

PV-stamp-collection
One week of data over time
Gpoa
Tamb
Tmod
Vdc
Idc
Pac
PR

PV-stamp-collection
G
Tamb
Tmod
Vdc
Idc
Pdc
PR

PV-stamp-collection
Relations of quantities during this week

PV-stamp-collection
Relations during one year

Detailing a few of these relations

DC power over irradiance intensity

DC power over irradiance intensity G

?-)


G sensor failure


G sensor failure
?


G sensor failure


G sensor failure


G sensor failure
Entire ourtage

DC & AC Power over GPOA

PDC
PAC
Quite some
scattering
can be observed

DC to AC ratio

As a function of GPOA
DC-PR
Inverter efficiency

DC-PR as a function of Tmod



Irradiance intensity effects
Temperature
related

Outline
Introduction

Conclusions

We collected many collections




in master/slave mode

The Task 13 members collected many collections

The Task 13 members collected many collections
This is 18 collections with 35 plots each

And had fruitful discussions

Outline
Introduction

Conclusions

Carpet-plots Example of color coded Gpoa

Hour of day
Day of year
12
18
24
Information is
densified
Colour encoding
showing 3rd
quantity
(3d plot in 2d)

Carpet-plots Example of color coded Gpoa

Hour of day
Day of year
12
18
24
Information is
densified
Colour encoding
showing 3rd
quantity
(3d plot in 2d)

Carpet-plots
Hour of day
Day of year
12
18
24
Information is
densified
Colour encoding
showing 3rd
quantity
(3d plot in 2d)

Time-stamps imply sun-position is known

PR color encoded
(red=high, blue = low)

Time-stamps imply sun-position is known

PR_dc
PR
inverter

Monitoring shading loss by profile angle

Projection of sun elevation (yellow)
onto a vertical plane

orthogonal to the azimuth
of the module rows (red)

Monitoring shading loss by profile angle

DC Power
kWh production normalized to RGB
DC Voltage
Plots created by Stefan Mau (GHGL)

Tracker azimuth
Tracking failures? (astronomical)
Solar azimuth
Plots created by Anton Driese (Fhg ISE)

Different tracking mechanisms

Astronomical
based on sky radiance distributions
Plots created by Anton Driese (Fhg ISE)

Outline
Introduction

Conclusions

Summary and conclusions

The stamp-plot approach proved very helpful
Enabled collection of data from many contributors
Fostered discussions, eased exchange of expertise
Also special phenomena can be covered
The stamps have the risk to be confusing, too

The diversity can lead to confusion
The sheer amount of plots can also be an obstacle
We sensed the need to focus & develop user guidelines

A big Thank
You! to all contributors
and you for your kind attention

Still enough time????

Monitoring inverter power limitation

2 - The Stamp-Collection Plotting Approach What Monitoring Data Do We Actually Have Nils Reich

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2 - The Stamp-Collection Plotting Approach What Monitoring Data Do We Actually Have Nils Reich

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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME

The stamp-collection plotting approach:

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Examples of more complex plotting

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Examples of more complex plotting

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Introduction: What is monitored?

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

Actual system data

Reference Cells in POA

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

Actual system data

Module & inverter data

Reference Cells in POA

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

Actual system data

Reference Cells in POA

Module & inverter data

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

Actual system data

Reference Cells in POA

Module & inverter data

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

Actual system data

Module & inverter data

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Monitoring Data: What is monitored?

Actual system data

Reference Cells in POA

Module & inverter data

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Collecting data looked quite challenging

Actual system data

Module & inverter data

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps!

Actual system data

Reference Cells in POA

for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant

Module & inverter data

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps!

Actual system data

Reference Cells in POA

for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant

Module & inverter data

IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps!