IXTOPIKA EFI XIAIAAEX KOMMATIA APXAIOY Hokie yo0 KootIGe GtnY noAMOUKA ‘avOporornia 1 avoxn, av ox1 n ripo8ecn, ww ataxia Ouveo¥ too TpaK va EMIpeOON tn Aenagia tav apxarocitow ng tepioxtg Avddoyn xataotpognh meprypdgetan Kawa fmmbpoui tov Moyyakex, tov KaLéxunoay tn BayBatn to 1258, ota, rata ta Opodouteva, 0 notau0¢ Tiyone Bape paLpOG AITO to EAA twW BiBMiow. H Biagop4 eivan 6x ot Moyyehot xatéotpepen, ews o1 wameXevde pene» AenNatneay 1 eneypeya tn Aen ao. Evid xtAidbee xpovia npr, Smpoopyorveat {a pata veohibaxé Nope. Gin BOpEIa “Meoonocapia. To 5000 1X. éxoone abvéera apxnextovind obvaAa aT ovendiieg KETONKION rae ‘610 KEVipIKO pax Ka 10 4000 1X. Neceooupiexe ——"i7CvizeTa! n OGY YOUR pe En rayuge (083- —HODA KEPAAIY avBPUAOY Ken Zi. a59nx) ond AKOAOWBObY ta repA tng Oupodx, ra mNupoive mg 21YKoUpat, nm orsoypapia cto TeA OvEep, 01 Meomorayiag —_PAYIBOKEAIVBpOH Kal n raKA Ge6inra pe xeguay (Buped Joho apstextovaxn eng Ovp. Kan gravoupe oro 805 octet, TX,, note AOpeetad B DeAEORENG oo TIypn Maonokitns ova om Baybaen, yuo nan mod Mouree, Nea guyxprwota pe tnv AvoexeIa Ke EMV Y6pxn) ‘AAgEav6peia, n onoka Ba naiges onpavaKS podo ous eGeAigerg ing Meconotapiag yia OANA xpovia Mata o1 Moyyonol, ares wr enor er Ben he €va an ta peyaAbtepa OAHU Peta O1 KAMEMEVBEPOTEC) eM uasronon To ATOZ ‘TAMNHMEIA THE ‘ZOYMEPIOI, ‘THE BATAATHE, MEZONOTAMIAE BABYAQNA © Hiemaota H BopuAava, i roan ig okoTi (0 apyaioAoyxo! 8pUA0G anpovoutds pot Kat Ta wvnpeia ‘ou loa or avaoxagéc ow B. pax NALGETKONENHE — ETEPOEOAIOVIAKHE —-PAMANAMTAE sworversras “taraweygemptlon NKO?EAPAIALIADNE NOB EYETPATOY ATTENG{TANETONOVAOY Mangos eaneyareg SAON NAAIROYOIT sevaTOE KAPYSKE SHA teat BADIHE KAPAATHE-ANCETONOL SAANTHE TEA KONTORN-PATHACTOWNOY Nae ane ect Seve oon it 360 NINETAKONTPAPOW PRES scenes Timi nsimce bmw een | MBANAIIOETHALOTDYDOE AITETONDYNOS ERAOEEE AEa ONLELOOEIS ZtouG xpovouc twv NeoBavédiov... fv and nepiron dio eBdonades fvaxadore n aig aotvopia, oxy na\n Golfo Aranei tnc Zapbnviac, 33 epaynkove G10KOUC He KeiNeVa Ge BHvOEIDN Yuin, t1ov xpovodoyodvean ety aooupo- BaSc\owaxn nepio’o, OnAadh om 2n x1Aretia HX. Ta apxmooyikis ara avtnxeipeva, Tov npoepxovten ano tn ovAAoyn tov AeAatnpevov Movoeiov mc Bayan, BpeBnkav va Maobvtar Oto Karéornpa ew AuBavézov apxmono\n, oxy Up ww 1.500 pe To waBeva. Ta Kpobopata AaBpeNopiov apsMOLIY aHKO to Tpax éxooy tekewiaia avéndei omy Ieaia, (0¢ tét010 BaBpO, doce, emg avapepetar ome eiBnon («ll Messaggero» me linc OxtoBpiae), va avayxaotes n aA aotovoptia va Snwoopyoet pe eK ‘rngeoia 61OEewC Tov YepeL wor, caypIAOLD yaa ‘nv nepitiwoon, Kw1KO «NaBooxndavocop» "To épyo me maArKrie aotevoptiag KA Wa vO {ov xOoHO GiwicuKGv apxiv Ba elvan, éttog aha Beixvowy, tepticuo, jue Kal aro va poLoeia ToD Ipax exowy eFapaviotei oyBovia xim65e5 ‘kepqquko! Bioko, driv eivan xapaynevn 1 ‘pxmotepn ypapht mg evepamotntas. ATO ra jpovoeia avta Aeinooy erriong exepaHa avapsma je avenoAoyIoIn AEA, Gnws, ya nopateaypa, eva opeixtiAKiVo dyaa evOS Baorhiwg inc Axxabias, nov gudotexvndnke pw ane 45 awwves, mia —teoodpaw xiAtetiGN ‘maAaid-aonpéevia dona, évag axon ‘qpxmdtepog (6.200 ew) oovneprKis aupopeas, 10 aképaho ayaaya evoc Bovncmoo nyepova (4.600 ewv) 1.4. tT ‘o ampeprvo Ipax, m xia. Oro0 EXD ‘Be to apeprxavisa orpareiana Kat ‘01 copaXni tovg Kau ota ONO ‘qvarmioty, pe tov {pono Tov to npattoD, va Eripendoowv and 1a NayouRua tov WV tes Orxtatopa Bavean Kovoery, iver pia Xwpa pe ravipxane rotopia. He 100.000 untadoyzovean ‘an tovg exBixot 01 apxaiaAoY KD! xi9901 GtO ‘onjepw Tpax, art tovg onoiour exer epeuvnBet and rovs apxmiodoyous jig wo éva Bexato. Ta vnpeia aud, xdpn etny aAeyiom xpnon Biag ‘ano «nv TAeupa tv UnepaAavaKeY croBokéuy, xivBuvebouy va KataD{papOON opienxa ‘To onpepivd Ipak extciverar ovo peyadutepo Lhepos tov YewypayIAOY apo tng apxaiag “Meconotantiag, oto xopo Gri yevvn@nxay Kal ‘avamttx®nxav of apxmi6tepor noAuLeBO! Ka fanoteAniv ro Aixvo ing av@pomvac 1.opiac. Tlapaxanmtovtas, wordoo, eba tn Gxaoracn font, n onoia extiBera ye KaBe Aemoyepeia ‘oto GnpepNo pac amepUPA, Bev Ba Tiere va Hapa ciyoone va emonpavorne tov KEvEpIKe poo nov xatexei n Baybarn Kate tn petémesta, ‘mv wAoqnch, nepioBo, pe va ywnpeia ro tnv kogyoiv. Mvnpcia, 1a onoia Bpioxovtat £000 exteQeMéva ota adByiom Bia tov onpepIaN HOE HIKAY aUpPAEEON. fv foowi0 10» étovg 455 npootpevye 0 ‘ndnag ing Pong ctov Pezépixo -apxny® tov Yeppavoyevovs (hoo tw Bavbidhon, tov etomazotay va e1oEABeL He US optég tov amy anima Té\n- exAmapaviag, toy, Kata thy emkeipevn excBoXa, va. "nBacetaes to pévog 10 HIKO Lov KAL tov Aad {ov kat, tovNaxotoy, va artowoyel inv xatastpowpit Ww" 101OpIKGY wMEAGY TD xoouotoay tnv HoAn, Mia exkAnon ov émteoe oto Kew, tha Kat, xaKA Lg Goo eBOpAES OD ‘akodotBnoay, KaxopBLoay 01 BavOaor, ite tv ‘anorpérena Spactnpotnte cove, vu Oiainpnooey (he 10 «BavbaAtoz6>) doBeot to ovopa rove fin VAIN tuv Yeveaw mov axaAooénoaY jéxpt ug pepes pa, Tlag 8a xaraypayei, apaye, otc 10topinés BEALOvG n onnepWA ataupowopia UND WV canepixavincy aFxov», now breEayera ard ove umtepaLAavEAKDEE coBoheic cto 1619pIKS AAixvo to navavBpamvov MaAMOHOb: Oaiov MadiyroiingSS nookdyou "aw apxh tng enoxng tov XaAKod eplpaviomKav om Mesonocapia -onov 1 one) Tpax- apkerol rapartoraynor ToAMCLOK ‘Meta 10 6000 1.X., ce woAAéc Aéoue, xupiog oug TEA Apnataiyia Kat Tené Pkaoxpa ‘ov Tiypn (uepioxn Moootng) Kal omy Epiviov (vou Meconotania), «n apxmextovnch wv onkicpov cARazeI onVAVUKE Ne KLICHALA TOL aNOKLOLY otadaKd vnpetaxég Giaoraner¢ Kan Beapodvear anPEpA wg or Np.OL vao' KaL wpa. LlapaAANAA 1 Kepaynich eeAiaaetan...» («>-Totoprka, «H Intopia top Ipak»,t. 160 0, 9-10). Ba Xpovia mig dng x1ALeUoe LX. 01 ouRiCyo! attoKtobv BiactaGeIg KAI opyavuon mokeav. Ejwpavizovta: peyahoo ueyeBous BnpOoIa KtipLA, VaoI KAY YALITA Ka -10 onjiavtixétepo a6 aka- sprayionoieitar n ripdn ypaph pe Weoypaupaca. En coupepiaxh epiobo [apxa tng 3ng XIALetiag 7350 1X] epipavizavran O10 von pax 30 «ttdheig-Kpain»: Aayxd, Qup, pivt00 KA. 01 Kowuvieg avtav wv «ndieov-Kpate» eixav m Popen «xtvpapisac». ExAw KopLIpH Bpwoxotav o vomuKos nyewovug-BantAtac. Tn Beétepn Bean KaLEINAY 01 t¢peIg TOY hAeyxay em Aemoupyia tuy aaBevuxoV KavaAIG [EXPL KAI CO OpYaNUREVO EE WEEpIKO epimapio» («B>-Laropika, 0.1.0. 14), Zin Baca ing rtvpapisag atevare 0 aos, HL trepiobiog tov Zoopepiuy wavaxomtetam» Bia eFanting eoreprxdi avaropaxcn, eéeyepocuy ka enavantaoeWV. 2m ovvéexeia epipevizavtan o1 vondbec emibpopeig tne Fupiac, Apopites, oo xuplapsotv ce oASKAnpn tn Meoomotapin, eykoBiotvig env owen Avvaateia tc BaBuhivas, tov Xapovpapt (1792-1750). Hn ot opnvoeSh ypayh Imo unoxaréotnoe mv Weoypayikh—aniowenénKaY or Kibixes wv Nowuy too Xayoopayuni kar AoyoLeXvIsA EpYa, é1ta¢ to Eno 108 Trayseapes xa to Enos tov 800 me BaBukovac MapviooK. ‘Tore mpovorazerar a obven HVNYEIAKH KaL OLKIAK APXMERtOVIEA, KOBE eqioavizovia Kar onpavaxd épya téxvng, Avgnend oo 1460 Ka Oto 1150 1LX. KeplapxOty 01 Kaoattes, now Gianpobv (0 ‘ovepiaKd napeAB6y Kar in GaBu\ivia napaboon oMnY apXKeRtOVIK, Ug texvEE KEL 1m ypagn, H nporevovoa wv Kooonv xtizevan oto Ntoup-KovpyxaAcov ota nepisupea ine Baybarn, 21a péoa tov L4ov aude 1X. 2ppavizovien or Aaaépie, Tow KupIASOKY ioaLE 10 {EAoG une 2ne xiAretiag HX. pe eBENOVEEE nyepEVEC LOW AGapxNBOW Kal Cov YapdavanaAo. H aooupiaxh Kypiapxia avaxomtEtar arto tovg BaBehiviov¢ to 612 1.X. To véo xpator rng BaBeAwwag (Baybarnc) Giacnpeitas Es wo 539 1.X. To vnowooel Tlépang Kupos B., tepjatizovtag 3.000 xpovia mokmoyoo ung Meoortorapiac. ‘To 380 n.X. o M. AAEavpo¢ xaaAgpBavel tn BaBuhiwa Kat to 312 1X. o ZEAELKDS BpLel 10 Vio KpMIOG LN BedeKABV, AxohovBei n punaiisi xataxtnon (64 n.X. Tlopmmog, 116 WX. Tpaiavog), To 637 e1oeBaAav ot Apabes oo [pd Kat (0 750 sGpterar 10 xaAnpato wv ABBacrbw. Enopevor Kacaxtntés ray ot Bedtzovxo1 Tovpxc (1055). Or Mayydhor (1258), Fava ot OBjavo4 (1520-1566). Be avin th cept MpoonBevtar ot eMpepIi, HOw... KALEOLPEWAY, ‘xchcway, éxaiyav... mv KAnpewojNe, an6 to NawdpxaID NeAMOTKO HApEABOW mG ‘Meoouotapiac. ‘Nixog BapOtdpraongToo HOPFOY TEAKNIA soropnkos), ENAmvik Anyoreyrans xt Toopuss Apyeio Se siesta Ba Nea enn eo a eas ont een atoca ae ae ne eae rates Pa IR ae ee ee ae SL ene ate aoe oe a gee een a ae Picrgaaieet EARS eae aris SO cae SN Eee Ue aac ie he ‘to Kepa Biag nov aKoAow8nee tn ANE_N tov To- Sener at Rene ee etre Le ee SO ee ae eae Eee ear si hare URE es Rogge serene Se ee Ree ae eer SS Ie anise mee: Beg too Bava Kovoet a1 10 co Apo Bien tov camehcoqpardn. Ong cobalt ants ray n node GUY sO wy SEAN: Yonogr ci Goxokn xm o1 nAnpogepieg KE: eveve,n eibnen nov 0 avon tng eat a Zupooteh vepn: to dfeo itn sExBAIKH uaa pop axatoddnoe n npoontBe vnounons H AEHAASIA THY TIOAITIZTIKHY KA(3) moheporés now népaoay ping cra 7.000 xpdva re«ATIEAEY( 5. Mapua urs Kegan ‘no ry Ovpatix, waar 0s 9 Kupia rg Waka (Ovpxd)> mowig va rpiorave 1 Bo Inanna (Movoeio BoySem}) 6. Mpa ‘rordmvay 108 Tgayepeo0 Sewprporos. ijk ma (1906 aX) ‘an 70 Tell Harmal we yewperpi yok éoxnan {oF ognvocist 09s (Movccia Boysamng) EPOTES» ig éctaong ing Karastpoghe, Ne ya wpitn waon, ‘nv mo XpovoBpa Kan Eniovn, 0: ex6uko ~apxaN aXGyor, 1OPIKO!, apxeovOnOL, BiBLIBNKOvHHO. rMpoond®noav va aavehgoty ae opiopeva Boot eponhpara: Toa n éxtasn ing znpudc: Tr axxpiBog ouvein; Homo evétivaviar; Tt éxet xoBel opioid vai 1 ev6éxetar kaniote va EavaBipeBeis Tr npénen va yiver ote va emotpayowv G00 10 BuvaioV ne: piocowepa an ta xAEypEva KemAh a xan Va att: ataotaBowv 01 avAAoyes: Te pa Katexbuevn xi9pa, Xpic vMOBouEE, xpi Seopode nov va AEIIONPYOEY, LE LO MPOGWMKD wv oveeiov va An Yuopizea note 8a EavanAnpodel ‘acu O¢ note Ba Bpiokeran om Bean tov, 0 Evo tH, -kataypayme at tg ariocipMang Nepovaxdzer tepA Coueg BooKodies, AcpBavovtag Ge unyn Ou Mm Ke- ‘expevn Baybétn eiva 1AcoV jua ndAn eEaupeu- xa 6boKOAN ouNW npdoBaON, pe va KUipie MG Ge Ka- xn Katdotaon Kai To NARKIPLED pevUA Va KOBetaL ‘ouxvG KI anporaBonointa, evaAquBaverar ebKoAa xaveig yiati or oxetxés TAnpoyopies eva eax ‘reg Kat aviaxpovdpever. BEGAN, Bev vnipxet av aig e1kdva tay GeAAOyoV Inv Tlapayown tag Kkatasipown, KaBE 01 OxEUKO! KaLAAOYOL, xE1p6- 01 Kataotpocpés HoUGEi«v Kal BiBAIoAnKdv Bev éyivav Katd tn 6idpKeia tou noAepou afiaa apéows peta thv «anefevdépwony 7.To xpivos {nepinov 2650 ‘mX) and tov 7690 ou Meskalamdug, ‘An6 Whexrp0 xa! pe moon ‘vayhuen, ‘roxoynon (Movacio Baysams;) yap A nhextpovikoi, ovanepiAauBavovtan Kata xawova ou anaAetes: ovuG ft AAA, ot MepLo06- epec ouA Noyes Gev mtav mAnpoe Karayeypapnéves. Ki ite eivan evxaotepo va exainéel to 1 exe ne: pool. O1 Eevo1 emorhpoves, nov emoxémovtar ove 1éHOVE INE KaLaOTPOBNC, avUUKpIZoLY Gupoes auaKIE EOpIAREVOW KENNA‘, BIBALWN KEX XEIpO- yptigav: omy rept ton ahs emxeipobv va Bovy tuipata ovAAoyaN 1a ona ei- ‘av petagep8ei mpohnimuxt (1ip0 too TREN h pe Xo Tio dpxioav 1 AenAaoies) Ge tzaLM, 10 KCpOE la ofolow napéxer aqpadég dovko and xAdpteS a1 natoucoAbyous, 01 Bevol emoupoves ave: ‘watizowv xu tnv -Gxxeuohoynyevn, oe peytAo Bad- O- KaxuTIOWia Tow OpnoKevUKGY NapAyvEON, OL onoiot apvobvran va emipeyouv avadunxn Kataro- \yoypeupnon n wotoypapnon. Ho Ug NOAAEC Kal onpAVEXES xaADIPORES vnpeioy nokmouKoW evbiagépovtos 010 Ipax, Mm Bapoaornta mepoootepO aa oxoXnoe, Orlog Mav ja Aov avaEVOREVD, rn AenAagia to EOvixoi Apxaiohoyixoo Movacion tng Baybame, evoc povoeioe pe ovMo- ‘Vi tepdoua oe éxtaon a1 onpacia. ‘To Movorio, omog 6a Beixvouy, AenAathOnxe fe 80 paoers Eva poriBe Tov, Aiyo-naAS, ako- AovBiiOnne oe deg ug TepIMGCerS. Hpéxa pm av dv8ponor nov yvoprzay ta xavaréma, nEepaY ‘ya Eexopioooy ta mpxatdrena and ra avuiypapa Kan cixav ovyREKpIREVOUS atExoLG. ALEBELaY OXéEI0 ‘ptone, KaBAC Kat tov KatAAANAD eFTAIORO. ACV orion tig npoBinxes, xpnomonoinaay woes YI ‘va KaWOUV 10 tay (Ol UIKAAANAOI tov Movoeioe oxopizovian ou té10100 ei6ous KOgreS Bev vMAp- xovv oto [pdk), Metaxivnoay oyxadin avenkeijeva kai ~t0 xeIpérepo- avorFav anNoBinxes Guus onoiesern TSS Cee SET dete iog ixay petayeptet mpoAnmaxa OANA enpavexa empfAua (01 HAnpogopieceivar avupatnKég Y10 10 ald: oooY OF NopIEC HapaBaGINKAY i UG avoIEE waoi0g He KASbi). H uautounta tor BoaowY AoW Hapaever ay voor Ken, GUVETKE, AvOIXTA 6° HOT xiheg enkooieg: enayyeApatieg evtaAob6xor Eévow Gokkextiy, otehéxn tov [unaa®iKop KaBeCTOLOS A [BEAN 100 16100 100 mpocwmnxod tov Moceciov. Be Betaepn gaan, cio Movoeio e1GeBaNe 0 6 og, AvOpuutor anid tg mo uoxrKEs GuvOUKAEG mG Baybame éxAeBav 6,11 pmopovoav Kan Keneorpe: av ta m6\omna, H Spaompwunta avth NapaKtn. piomxe ané to &ie8vA Too wg, napAAoyn éoxw, avtiGpaon Kate too Kavappeovtoc KaBe-oWwOC. OL Ipaxwoi nolites waroao Bewpovv tore BpActes aAAov Kowovs cyKAMpatiec, rov¢ oMoi0us atTOKA: how AAA Mnojind, O Be Miapax TzaBavt, \é xtopag ing Nopaxng Bxodic, Aives épee pete cn AemAogia kay uv mypHOAnon tov Tlavemotnpiow ‘mg Baoopag (1 BiBMio@HKM top oMtoIov KateoTpA- gnke ohooxe900), embciKvve otovs Bnpocioypa- (pors ro @yaXa ax tn Onpxsbn aapioa tov Baveap. Xovoely, aveyyista otn Abn tovg, avapeoa ata Ne nAatnyéva xox xateoipappéve Ktipta, teKpNpiGNo- ‘ta €t01 thy Gown Tepl «KoIoY eyKAMBALGW> ‘avti avtig mepi «opyiopevwn nOAITA. Apxrxa, of vrtes@uve1 tov Movation éxavay Ad- Yo Yia 170.000 KArunEva KeyhAaa (to GEvORD me ouMoyn). Apyotepa, Kal GLO GAO AKpO, WIA aL cidficfn avaxoivwon tav apxiv Katoxig nepoprze 1a anoheoBévia exBenata Ge NOALG 33 (nIpoxEIaL ‘via w keqanAta nop exhamoav ovo ano p02 eq). Bta péoa Tovviov, n ayepixavoipaxivn em: ompovnkh ermpom nov SieEayes tnv emtionpn Ka: raypaipn Herpotae 6.000 and Aetes Ken, avg HE tov Mayxoudip Txipnoov, apxma\oyo tov Mave motrpiov tov Baxayov, «0 tehiKoG aIHOROYIOHOS i (ug eiva HOD xe1pote 06», Avn AmAaoia tov A pxaiohoyixot Movariov ei xe tn neyastepn amthxnon omy KoA yep, n Aendaoia Kat 0 epnipnopog ing Edvixn BiB\0- ‘ite tov [pA oiyovpa poKAAcoE tn peyaAstepN ‘gpixn. H Beppokpacia éptace oe tet014 OY ToD a Kepaqnnka MAaKaxia oto Sare6o dpxioay va Audvoow. Ta pen tov Traqi Observatory (quag 0 hébay astoprkav ano ug HITA war inv Evpotn, nov coyKpomnOnxe yia va xawaypawer uc oovOR- eg U6 Ng omtoieg ze1 Kal epytzetan OnEpA Ni 4: xoGnuanKh xorvotnta tov [pax) , Hop emioxipOn- xav tn Bay6am pera 22 kat 30 Tovviow, avtixpt ‘oa éva Kareorpannévo KtIpIO Yepato aapove ano couaxteg, EmoxéyOnxay eniong wayud ung sep. fig, nov eMBcBaivoay ug HAnpOpOpIES CoG 8. Operyaxwvog Aéwy (2200 1X) ‘ano ortpipav poepxéyevo ond ‘0 Urkish mg Bopei0g Meoonoroping (nrponokmxo ‘Movoeto, Néo ‘Yopxn) Aev undpxe! Kav gang elkova tov ouioyav Thy napapovl tn Kataotpo@Ac, KabdG 01 axetiKoi KataMoyo! xd8nkav Kal auToi va nie ug onoieg BiBia xan xexpéypaya eixav pe aperBei exei, Bev rove emupannxe ouws ope wa aBpopepne exKRNEN YOO apiBHOb tov. DAPOVE he uc extahoers tov Iraqi Observatory, tnv aver ‘opt tov THAAGD emBewpmth BiBAioonxow Zav ‘Mapi Apvo, ov eioxépOmxe tn Baybatn erage 27 Iowiow xm 6 JouAiow ex wepous tng AteBvoUG ‘Onoonovéiac Evora BiBhioBnKaw (internatio- nal Federation of Library Associations), Ka80¢ 9. Bobs yous exon we vkaxiboei on ‘To vexporageio ‘rar inv extiunon tov Kapa TaaBave Aooép, br ppm Oup (Movacio Boyéarn;)10. nadwn xeon ‘ov8p6 on to Dur Kurigalzu (Movoeio Boyde) 11, Befyya opnig ooomg rexuns ‘ijn xexpah Aéawwag and ro Dut Kurigaleu (Movacio BayBern;) evbovmm tng EOvikne BiBiobinKNs, éxe1 MepIOK Bet nepinow to 50% Fig 70% mg oeAAoynE Ing Br BAIoBhxnE, eyAA pepoE Ing CUAAOVHIC LUV EBV KaV Apxriav kar YIxp6 épaE Ng GvAAoYnE tng BiBhioBhKne AA AKAD tov UNDYpYEio” OpnoKELE: Kav Grpauwv (Wa Apxeia Kar n BiBAo8mKn AA Axaip, Tov ateyazaviay oe KtipIa NON KovUVE, ‘omy RAvikh BiBoGiKn, emiong AenAaniOnxav kal HypHoAfiOnsay), Paiveran mac exto¢ and Br Bia (via ta entoia ovbcig ip0¢ to napev Ywupizer att mo ovykeKpunéve) a6 tm B1BMOBHKN Hep okay egnpepibes, NepIoBixG kar xeIpoypaxpa, and ta de Apxeia, népoc mg nodonpne cohAoyrig oBapeWIKOV EYypAPUY (KvpIUG LtAor ABroKLNGIag, (gippavin Kar 6ixaouxée antogdoei. Kat oe avtes ‘uc HepuTIOoeG, n AenAdoia pay patonomOnKe oe eo Kiara: apsIKG EXAM 0 eFprTALoHOE (orToho- Eneiyel n Kataypagh twv cuAfoydv nou BiagwAnkav, npoKelpévou va npooBiopiotouv He t™ peyaitepn Suvath akpiBela o1 andieres 10 ‘yiotes, KAgvauoUKG, émMMTAA x.0.K.) xa aKOAOD noe n AenAaoia wv ovAAoyWN aL 0 ERMpnoROS, 0 entipnoyo -BAiBepo emoteyaona ous Hep otepes nepimigens, We tAV eEaipecn, euLwxig, tov Apxaioioyixob Movoriov- eite npoxeitar ya ‘andbeign tng tophine paviag tov axAov eite yaa & vav pono va KaAopOouY ta ixvn Wor MratonKo- Aoya ete, xedog, Bev opeiAETaI HiapA cto YeyOW’S, fut ot KAbpteE XpnojpoMOIDCoaV yia paLLGHO Gro: ‘mi Boomynéva oe newpeAao, chyave UW OpIoUKT ataBikn xeipoypapav kar evtimav: avuBeta, Ya ‘oa kare, 8a ongpxer naviore n eArtiOa 6x Ba FavaBpebel Hn and us npdkes miépes pews ug AenAaoies xan ug KaLagtpopes, n UNESCO, 01 appdbies b1e veig opyaviaaers Hovociow (ICOM), apxaiohoyr av Xapov (ICOMOS), apxeiuw (CA) kat BiBAI0- ‘Anxaw (FLA), xafkoc xa ad hoc ovotadeices o- nades emompovuv (Iraqi Observatory, Middle East Librarians Association Committee on.Iraai Libraries x.4.), wiMeoav tn 61eBvit Koon {a va oupSa\er omnv npootagia ing oAmGuKE xAnpovomidg tov [pax Kat emionpavay ta peIpa nop npénei va AnpBoev BpaxcripdBeoua aX He- ‘conpé8eoua yia mv atokatéotaon xen GiawpoAaen uv aeAAoyox. Avayxaio dyeo0 Bia, n cvvepya. ‘oia tng INTERPOL, wy apxav xatoxiig ar ww -xvBepvieUY (wv YEHOVIKGY xWpOV Yio tn LAA En tov evvopan, ott bore va aniogevxBei Kata 10 Douandy n eFayuyh KACHREVOY KemINA‘ay and to pix. O1 ovAAEKteG Kar oF HrevBUvtEG HOLGEIN a. 4 toy KOGHO Ba mIpéHIL eTiONG va GvagEpODV O- nnovoéhnote tuxbv ripotaen Ya ayopa avaKeMewwY poepxoqiewav ano inv nepiaxh. Ooov awpopa tovg MAraworKoRoyovs, oF eMOtpoVES GoYULODY Mag 8c peter va BoBowv KivmIpa Yaa env eOXpOgR IBEW, KupliG n unooxeon tng cUepNOING Lo» a, fixan jag _nKpIig anor (e—" Ooov BeBe Fooprotobv TANI 01 UHIapNOoaeE arAAAYEE), ‘oc ovvGuagp6 pe tny anrerAi exemig épewvag Kat KupGsEOY apyOLEpA. Be 0, apope LC OUAROVES Br BAion, xeipoypayov Kat Goxeioy ov petagepOn- ‘av ce tzand a GAAa Ktipra, KaNO civan va. Ta Payehoov pos 10 Mapov eKei, axpoo eEaapar ‘rot opioneves Baorkes ovvénnKes Gore va [NY ‘eaocrpaiposy (eykatdoraon xArpatiGpOS pe avo voun Yevviipra, aneviopwcn .0.%.), evi 1aLLo- 12. Kepody yovaixas ané rv up (Movazio Baybmn) 13. E:bahi0 yyovaixag oné ro 06 1n¢ Inala om, Nmodp. Ans xpuoGg! Kar ripaowe hi8o (Mouacio BayBamns;) 01 apepikavixés Kar Bpetavikec apxég Katoxig eudivovtal yia to 6t1 Bev npoonadncav kav va anotpétouv tig Aenflacies, pov npéne va fekivhoe 0 oxeGioonde yaa tn own otéyoon toe, ete aux oowenayeen Bp oopyin véow KUpION (LX. otNW Nepitac. tHE EOvinne BiB\o@nxng) exe emoREEA too HaALDE. “Telog entjerm xaxaypaph tw aed AoWoN TODO 2m rpoxemevoo va pdb.pIexo8" je tn eyohixepn Sevach axpifie ox and Aries, xpener {al ve anoxacaowbec n xacahovoypdignon (Béoee SeHopevwy, KataAoyor, EupELIpIA K.0.K.) TV TAN- av ash ay ipo mg KaKacTpOIMG ox, EE ul14. Avoyhupn kg one 1 ‘apo we ‘npéroon rou cov Nepyna (Mouseio Bayssrns}) {88 oug nepocdrepec meprTUooerg auth Exe abe, ‘va umapEen ouvepyadia He avtiatorxors popeig aw ipo. 1 auepikavants Kar Bpctavinte apxte Katoxii¢ ‘cob vovtan, av pn u @AAo, Yio to YeyovDs O11 Bev nnpoonddneay Kav va aTrorpéyouy uc Aen Adaiec, &- Vo, oniac enavadaBevoo jte napéove o1 uma Amor tov ovarian rar wow BIBAIO~MKAY, opko’- ‘or éva teBapaKiGpEvo Kat Bo oM”ALoHEv «ppor- oi yia va attoipeyouv tog Ano, Ta Ktipra roy ‘onIevoaY va TIpostaLEvOOWY or ayeprKavOs|perav xéc Buvapexg htav avid tov vnovpyeioe TletpeAaiow al tov norpyeiov Booteprkiv (Ooo peAdooovtan {a npoowrnxa oxorxeia tay noAMGW nov Ent xpovia ‘uvéAEYe 10 pNGGBIKO KaBEGLUK, NOALUG Yd O- HolaAniote PEAAOVUKA nyeoia), ewo o1 ApepIKA vot 1nopeoay’ va BiaBeoawY avin’ Yaa va Kate: ‘oxpéyorv torxoypaipia oe naan tov Zaviay Xov Clk, n onioia yeAoionoioéce tov Tzoptz Movs 1ov ipeoBexepo, Be epornere Gnpocioypdyow iat fev anéxpeyay ug Aendacies, 01 extipoowne1 To- Hop m¢ oipanwukhe bioiKnONE enavaAapBavey uowbrova ou Sev ehvav oxetnxée Brarayes. Teyovoc eivan 6a n evsivn yia inv aBpavera wwe aneAevdepauin» anévavu ous Katacpogee elvan HOAMKH’ n oipauoUKA Bioikhon éaBe oNoWN ‘ov Kawaovo ing UNESCO pe ca aBpeata Kat tov fapxminkoyiKots xopors Tov Enpene va tipootaTeD ‘oooy inv no\uGUKA KAnpOvOEnA rOU TpaK, ema Aoipever tm cuviivnen, Kati tov Tavoudp0 tov 2003, af apatoexv roo onoopyeion Amuvas ne Ex- ‘mpoodnovg tov American Council for Cultural Policy, to ortoio crv ovoia civ éva Nop oud: eKIOV Ken peoNZOvWwW Nov EMBioxer mw aASayA fen 10 xahaperepay tng 1paxivie vowoBeoiag oxe- Uuxat pe thy e€ayuyA epyav LevNG Kan apxaiot- ty. AV anloBelKvcotay Kan FéroI9, Ba amp Ka evbexouevo B60 yia mv avoxh nov enéBergav ot ‘opxg Karoxi antévavu Guig AenAaoies. H artAn a: jne\eIa anIoteke extione peyEido ovEr6OG, 1006 OHS ‘ev exmAnoOE! Kat t690, mpoepxOHeVN AND UHV KU- Bepynan tov Tzoptz Mrtovs, nov Exet npoxtpticer ‘oug peyaAitepee nepixonée ano to tédog tov B Ta- ‘ykooniov Hoyo ctov mpotraAoy ono BiBI08n- ON, GPREIOY Ken EPEDYANKGY KEVTPOV OXCUKGY ie (OV MOAINOPS. Ontwg x2 ay Exe, m HOARE th evdiivn bev Exel avadngBei” a Yvwarey, © NiovaAvt PapoyeAve gavnxe va Bvopopet Kai HOW nO 10 Yeyows ou ce ovvEevieDfn ToHOY xpagatnxe va arlavnice: o€ epatnon axeukh pe 10 Apxmio\oyixb Mocorio: «Aev civan 6ut emp ‘ae va coped. Ame auveBnm, EHMEION "To neewo Bolzano Epevva ota sites tar OxCUKON coyawicroe,onoo Bmoerevovt OL emORES avEKACN, vos na 1 eBioea w eREN R HaD CE Sodv Kar, npGyAN, oF HOAIIGLKO’ EVOIAPEPOVTOS —Gmucerecpmta tov BixOuens Teno EvBerKtRt ipor €HeWaY WC et 10 TAEIOLOV ext6¢ BORBAPS!- —keport ofthe director general on the cultural and COnaY kai TIOAEWIKeY ovyKpoboRWN. DtNg 13. ANp- -Aiov, 6to mnéper peta m Aendaoia tov Moveeiow x1 evi n BiB\oBAKn KaryoLav, Bpetavol apxao- Aoyor Kamnyopodoay ug HITA ou unoximtovy oe néorig GvAAeKiv Kar oxeDxizouv va EenDUMN ‘educational institutions in frags, Pars, 1482008 ‘nwwunesco ors) “Jean-Marie Arnoult, «Assessment of ragi cultural heritage, Libraries and archives (ww.xmesco¢8) “ACA call to protect Records and Arehives in Irae (orev iene Neb a Ter, tag Manuscript Collections Archives Bperavoi apxaioAéyor katnyépnoay ui HMA brane Stanon Report Mideast iran OU UNOKUNTOUV GE GUTAEKTES KOI CXEBIGZOUV —ciuchicago ca. nee va Eenoufincouv apxaiotntec tou Ipak ‘Opening the Doors: Intellectual Life and Academic Conditions in Postwar Bazhad, A Report of the Iraqi Observatory, 21 duly 2018. Tae International Committee ofthe Blue Shield ICBS-(www.ila.org)ras 7000 n.x. Angioopyooviar ta nipda veoi®uKa xpi tov Kada Pidpyo (Jarmo) ‘ng Boperag Meoonotayias. 5000 n.X. Do xevipixo Ipax (Tell es ‘Sawwan) Kevovy mv ehypavion rose vvBeta apxitextovina obvoha anotedotpeva axtd oootiber atOIKiGY, HOD HapanEHITOUY oF whe ipwxoywopn Rop~PA KOMI opinions 4000 n.xX. Kaver inv egavion tng n obdydogn YATUKH He tn HoppA KepaAOV iva Ka avBpaio. (3500-3000 1.x. Enwavizovta ta tepa ing Oupoix. Emiong engavizeva 10 ‘onooSaio Geiyya ‘opxwexioviiig Ziggurat onc Meoonoraiag, éva Badyubaxo yo ‘ktioya 8pnaKevuKoD sapaxiipa Epavizewan axoun torsoypayia ovo Tell Uaair, ovov rpmeon ‘vad noe hav eawKeprKa orxoypaynpivog. Tw 61a nepio60 oppayioxvhivipax, 0: omoio: anotehowy Toixov tov avaxi6poo tov Acgovpwaoipnas, Hohewnés ensover exoIpare1oy He emKeyai 10 BootAaa, nodopKies, omANKG ovoripata, npuxég vines, eEavBpanodiopes ww exBpav ‘ouyBELOv id MaBOhuK e1KOVva tHe rowopiag tw Adoopiun. Bog auavag n.K. Avayhvpa (00 KevIpikod avaKtépoU ‘mig Nuppotve avantapioravovv tov ‘TiyhaBmaéoep |” o¢ ToRopKiec okey. PeviKotepa, ora avtaxtopa ‘avcig tng neprotiov euwpavizovrat nHokejuKec oxnviG, Laipor Kat \wrepaxei Baipoves, Tog auivag nk. Eugavizovian aaydvga tov Devvaxepipin, yi0b top Papyv By rig ancixovizooy nodepKég exoupateiec o1ov¢ Bahrovg tov exBok wv notanav Eoppam xa Tiyon. Emons oe avayAvyo tov Avaxtopoo ang Nivevh, ot0 Tell Kuyunjik, arerxovizovean pases xa vikeg tov AdoouppnavindA evaveioy tow Eau Gog auovag nx. Dm veoBaBehaiaxh nepiobo ‘Goeavtdiviay HAIva e164)2u0, Hop oF atonkor ta ExoLY Go en we ‘exkovionata, onmos me nntepas BpepoKoarovons 550-330 n.xX, ‘Thu apxmextovurh me enoxig ww Axamevibav xapaxinpizer 0 ‘HCUMOKEvAGUKEG KOM oumounie exhextKAOPOG, How Baoiomxe or rHapa5cexg ne\AGw HohGHOV Ka OD ‘obAYNGE ot0 AeyouEWO seavtoxparopiKd GMA». Xapaxenpiotxd eivan ra rHaAana pe e1o0S00g Siaxoounpever ye eyeove away Avyoug ‘opBoorareg, yhorta xan TOR:xpapA epoaXoEva HAaKiGia eEaipetachig KaAAILEXVOg 331 nx, KatiAnyn me apioroupynpaca Meroxivnan anxpohiTaw Sepsvav moBayKuva, HE TH KEQOAES BaBudwvas ano tov M, nimpotexviag. Aonig xhetbupeves oveyean ae Euhnes SoKou. Opaugpa ckoBacrpIunS “ANeFavtpo. Ktizoveat n ‘ing mepi6Go0 eivar Kau 1 tagikn apxiteKtovaxt ing Orp. 180g a1avag nx. Be vorxoypaieg 100 ‘qvaxtépov oto Mari, ug apxaiag BaBeAuviaxng nepi6G0v, Sraxpivovtar oBoloyikes, Hoke KEG ai oxnves Mpoapopan, ‘keg, pe un CexviKh ig vonoypagiag Ka oe Aaupa xpsyuaua, 90g auovag nx. valves axxabing erin (Mouocio Baybarns;) edAnvnH covonsia mg rmOAN, 10 86axpo -0v ‘odoxAnpovetar énena ‘an apxetd xpovia- Kas to voioparoxoneio. 305-304 n.X. Topverar n Dedeveera tov Tiypn arto tov Beevxo A’ aug axBeg tov Tiypn xovid oth Baybatn xar eEeNooetan oe ia and lig peyadepec moter ng Avatodiic, ‘ovyKpivopevn pov ne Ataroopoovtar ta ‘Avepimavoi neCovaures guidoyavouv Kai Bévouv modayKava ray Avnoxria x1 mv ‘avitepa tampata pokes nokirg AdeBavOpena 1314 Tow Nikoy ExzTesTIOy van, xatinyneh Epatoropustc A pyaohoyiag Tloverucmpion Scooalovixng ‘wavon) xa TAA: ouvavta may «VOTO O1106 6 ‘6c pope ta teheoraia mevte x1DaoBeg xpovia oe Hepioxnh «al Jazira -.o0 vciob» avaEca. GOV ‘Tiypn Kai tov Evppdin- iw ano naponores ap: ‘vnukts cuvOnes Kai cxepeowuTies avpmTepIgopeS eanokiaes, xorwavikootkovoynKec Ka 10¢0N0Y ép avunopadéoeig @épvoey yaa GAAn pia wood vupétones otnv Hepioxh ug Kopiapxec Guvaners ing Hie®vorg oKnVNE PE tovs vIOMoUG TANBU- pots. 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Mapaoraon Agovrog an ‘cmopokr pea yxpuya maxibie and 1m BoBuhiova (Xporis Mouseio Bepohivou). 2, To Gyxoupor ‘ng Toya Zoyid (1305 ‘raves n.X) ‘ei n-éKppaon tng Buvannc, tng ActoupyaxoenaG pp 15MEZOMOTAMIA 16 3. Ain ‘oan row Aoooupynavingh (Gperavid Movotio, ‘ovbivo) at ing ovyKevIpwuKoIMtag tov nyCHOVG, KOCH ob h Opnoxevanod. Av Ka: enavahapBaverar n a Van WV XOpUY YOPW ano Bia KEVIpUKA Avo th qUAn, n BiGtaEN tov MOAASY Bopatioy, WY SiabponuN, wav eoaRepIKOY OKAAGW K.AN. HOY & Faipeuxd GovBemn Kar avtanoKprvotay oin Aer Tovpyia Ken nv exKOVA. {OD EvOIKAN tov THAAGTO. 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Me tnv apxit une Sng x1ALetiI HX. oe Bevexs o nog w Tell es Sawwan oto KEvipIKd Ipéix, nov o- ‘vhxer oto moLinoyxo Koo Daptipa (Samarra), avouv thy eppavion rove yia nipaxn gopa abvée: {a apxitextovind Gévoka ariowekobpeva ato ovat be¢ weousidv a ‘xopav eAeb8e- uw Hob apanépnowv oe nia mpateyvopn Hopph KorvavERE ‘opyavwang. 01 apxaoddyor avayvupizovy oF av- wig tavg XOpOUE EHV EUKRIVION LY TIPO Hoi Kuvo-vorkoupIY (household) w¢ Bievpysewow ovadav KoWwuvnKE aL oxkOvoNNEAE opFAVIAGNG eat oxt authig upnviKa omkayevenan, éntac avve Barve péxpr te. Téxo1eg aAAayEs anlobiGovta1 ou vec ow8nKes Hlaxeipione wv HapayUyKG Opa:‘omproninay, 6 nog n ap5evon Kat © Katayepiondc epyastag, nov engavizeviar GtabiaKe cug eddooBiaxég nepiawy tng voag Mesonoraytiag ar 1100 oBnyoLY GUS MpdLEG HOpHES KoWWVENE Grasipopttwons. AvLEG oF xoIVWVIKOOIKOVORIKEG ‘ouvihikes, oF awvbvaaHO He Tg NopartavW oxkICU ig emdoyts, 8 oBnyhoowY GtabiaKG Gunv epgd: ‘ion tu MpOLUY AGUKGW KEVIpWW. 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AMAA ioug ané uc mo evbiayépovees nAcupeC ene ‘qvaokagii¢ Mav n anoxGADyn peYGAY quNpAIOW ‘mg TOMENG avtng Peoonoraynag NAANE Le EVE \wepovta arorseia noAeoBopiag Kat KOOUIKAG apX1 Eva Oeiyjia tov KAGOIKOD LOHOY LWW rePGV MoO 8a xuprapxncowv ug ertopeves xiietieg ovvavtaxaveig otn 8¢on Epitob (Abu Shahrein) o1oes aupalogoug me voriag Meaortorapiag, én00 mp6 oeppavizovtan xaL ta tno evteMooaKE ao8mUnKt, torstia ig pecortoraqiag jVAPEIAKAG BpXItEKto- ¢ A.x.o1 evaAAayes eoucepixay avinpi Suv Kan KoYXIO H Geo Xagayie (Khafaje) ug éxdec r00 Diyala, naparécapow tov Tiypn, ivan ywoata xv pitog via ta 1epa tng tow xpovodoyotvtar a6 10 3000 1.X. Kat Ww ONDIUY thy apxILEKLOVEKA eEEAL £n pnopei xaveic va napaxohovB noes pod ano uC ‘GAAen@AAnAeg gpdoexc tov. THpéxenar yia amec Com apiKh tous qn KAKOWEIS He Aryoata eoo- TepuE BoqiT Ka Eva KEVIPINO avOIKTO evONYA, Tov chiag apyotepa Ba evouRaKice MOA Aa‘C vEORS ibpocg, 8a anioxthoe atabiaKa Syoe Kan TéADG Ba Eexopices tonoypapnea, apxuextovina xen Aexoup. Yana ano cnv onooUtn Hon, H eFeAIEN Ww 1e fav aviv GURTAEYPGKUY Gla SeixvoLY OU OUP: Babizel Ye TAY Npoioboa auyKEvIpeTIKSTMA THE econocaniaxhe KoIvuwviae, trv a’Enon tn ono: vonsig rapocciag kay Bovaine top 1epaeiow ad- Aa. ax tne sGeadoynene tov eMBoAnc. To «OBAA Tepox tng Xapayre mg Hpomng Avvaotenaxg me piddicv eivar Eva tétoo xapaxtnpiouKo Beiype. 1 avaoxapég omy Kag, to cnpepwo Tell el Ohemir Bopeotepa une BaBuddvac, avebagav bia mipaxtnpiouxn coupépia Bean tng dng xtAte tae 1.X, Ta HAoboia KaKaAoita 100 axypoREVOR HaAauod ing, av Kan ToMKE tHE PeooMoLaAKG lows n nio cnpavtkn 1epi déon 7.01 &i6ypou ripyor wat dy ng larép orn Bopuhava, Sroxoounpeva we emoyoArapeva éyxoupa mhaxibia (KporiKe Movasio Bepohivou), 8.H mun tng lorép ano ro .0UTEpIKO pos, ro efuepé mg Bopurdvas tng Meconorapiag eivai n néfin Ninoup, tng 3ng xiMetiag n.X., oto KEVTPIKG IpaK ‘opxumxtovnieng tmapaboons, eivar KataoKevaouKd evwwrooiaxd, pe pwnperanée Giaotdoerg Kai Brap. pobtacn, Tous pag n mo onpavnh 1eph 8éon tng Meoo nocauiag civar nneAn Nutoop, on onnepwh Niffer, ou Kapbia top Kevipixob Ipaak, pe ea Nei yawn a AerntAAn Aww rep ing Sn xiAtetiag TX, giecopevun orav vneptaxo Pore pIo Be6 BAIA. 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Ooa c pelina avackaponiay avnxouv ong nexayevéote 01 avackampés tov Feppavioy ato yupioya Tou 19ou aldva Epepav oto pee tn BaBuiova, néfin-Apuflo tou apxaiou Kéopou pec Md0EIG taY NeoBaBuNaviaKdn xpOvOY (625 599 .X.), Ka nOiaitepa tng BaoxAciag tov Newnou- avipéaap B, 1c xpovia ni p00 ovo OutAo weya: Aompenés HAiOWo LeIXDG, WH" THOAAGY XIAIOHETPON he Ug okt MTeAeC, avarTtvoGSraV auth n weyaAoo- Hon wy G1axooiwy xiMia5uv av@pomtay, ne tae: ‘yronoiaxe Boot xipia Kat te ToANA MpoGaa mg. ERBAnata tov Mpoctaun mg WeANE Beob “Mapvioox ouvavta kaveig Ge OANA Onpcia too te xOvG, (GV HTUAAV LOD Kaa tov PeYEAUY BpOHOY mG no\nc, Aconze1 to peyaAdripenio madan 100 Ne novkavipéoap, aAM Kar ta Aeiyava Boku Biapouuv, now Beupotvtar Ox aniotedovoay jépos uv nepignpa «Kpepaowy Kinow tng BaBuho- vag». Avunétnot 01 apsauohoyor ne us MepiPnLES ma avapopes wv apxiat 1oropuROY Ya avn: nneia tng HoAng, aBpvarosy va tavtioovy ca. au: ConagpariKd Kar Aendatnpéve Ghyiepa apXNEXto- vvipata, onc ta aAAenaA Anda ziggurat wan cae pa ing BaBedavag pe cov evrem@oiaxd Tepyo tne BaBéA. To i610 peytiho evbiaypepov Nopoveaz0v kai {a Tova. 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Avaro\n xan tnv Aiyento y1a epieoétepa and oxtaxdoia xpévia (1400-600 1X2, B1aKpiBnxav yia en peyAn tog orxobop- ‘8h Gpaotnprointa oe ja oEIpd ano MOLers. AoyoL nokmacic oxommpornag avagepovtar os aities via 1h Dapxn peraxivnon m¢ tpatebovoag 100 KpA- org. O1 leplodixkés mIpatevoveeg tov VeoasaypIA- ong n Apoodp nov Bpioxetas naw owy THA, Ta exnfinktIKa avayiucpa Alovtapiéy, ise See ord ta Haan wires ta Kaflutepa Seiypyata agoupiaKn¢ texvne, ‘nepopévo otov eOvixo 8e0 Acootp, Huon cise (KOGHOUV» iNTpoNoilitiKd HoUCEia th¢ AUonG Ga ta Rvpicoxa xepaxtnptonKa tn aod pac ‘opxnextoviehg nov eFéppaze oto xapo uv ano 1m mapovoia tov ovapxn, Oink, oipatn dn xan iepéa, AV Ka) La naMoLepaLevpHHAAE UNG xO woloyoovrar oc eon mg $n miAtetia,eives om Rob xpétOvg OM Bi4pKEAA TOD A HHA98 tng ING Xt Sripaeia me 2n¢ noo Mol anowra reisn xat —Atetng 1.X, ong n Niveok, n Nuapoove xan nnoXa pvnesa wat ep, GnaG to Tep6 tov AoOKp, _Xopeanave, anowedoWv ta xapaxtnpIOLN apa va neyo weioga HOx60 jt. ce Ago tng noAng, —Beiypata ine eBedgnG Hac ReonEKaWIEG apse be pvmpcioKés meg nan CourepInEG UALS TOL a” KTOVINNS NapaBOONE TOD, Mapa ta EACH exOWsTIA ‘annracKecazeian oA ope, Eva Wyo o- Nov Rata KalpOds evoUnAKANE, KpaKTIE ta BaotkA Coopiaxd ziggurat nov napovoxizt onpavuixésGia-_-xopaKinpiotIKd THE, XopoopyaNTINA, NMOL ‘popes ano cite ww nponyoUReNW MEpIGBAN, MO: Ka, HMOOKEDAGLKG, BlaKOOUMUKA Ha AAA. Ee Jana, noAAéG BionKés enaederg Kau Bodoro! Bact- —_xwpizoUV o1 tepacti ~AYOSpEE HE EM YOpKP YAP Awoi caor. Ynugxoww xar adie neg eng eno — Mow Capa. Movtapta He avBpamvN HopDR) ig Anotepo YwootEs oa an tic @aOKApES, &- NOD KooHOLOAY xaL AYN tig MENes tw MaAa- hug n Adpoa, to onjepwwo Senkereh, oto vouo tN, o1 Nokb yvwotol Baioves sedu Kat lamas Tparx omy avarakncn éxbn roo Exgpam. Hina\n Inc aoarpIaxh ernovayPapiag. ALteG 1 KAIC De 21Epp, roy onoio ‘@poupoiv» dio v6punoxépohor ‘avpot 13. Anoyn m6 epacnéhews on Tov muAova Tou poKaowv biog ia to peyedos WY avaoKAQOV 10oG AAA Kal 10 TARBOG TU EvPNAALAN TOUS, Hapxaia Nivewh ovo 1paxiv6 KoopBiotav, nov porn speci me niet sticw touaxiGtov Gta 3 sIMICU TLX., anol owe tn naAuotepn Ka 0 ‘ywwoth acevpiakh non, Ta apxmo\oyisa ava: xeiheva riov BpeBnKav om Biipxeia tc Bing a- ‘vookaupng tw avaxtopur tov Bootie Devvaxepi- 1 kat Agooupnmavindd A YapbavanaAoo (705 ‘uivag 1.X.), He Ta eKIEAMKUKG avtryADa Novia ‘puOv, La MO You Ka iowg KaAKLEPA GeiyuaLa ‘Mig doouplakh TEXVNE, OAPEpPA «KOOPOLYY ta pe- jaa piniporodinxa povocia tng Abons, Avot, a. aeaokaynxa Grorxein Ya to neplipnpo teixog ing mong eivat eXaxacta, H Nimposve yvopioe en weyaAvtepn axwn ing ‘ota xpovia too AoooupvaoipmaA BF tov 8 axava 1X. Kat péxpr 10 612 now Kacaoipegetal. Ta evph pata ano ug avaoxagée otnv axponadn Kupiog tng Nunpotve eivan roAd Aryotepa and ug empavers ‘Eg apsaiduntes, ows ca yiyavua YADH Ne pte Ta yiyavtia yflunta Ye ptepwtouc tadpouc tng Niupouvt Bpickovtai ané to 190 ‘aiava oto Bpetavike Mouceio ppuxovs rabpovs 00 époyav ota jé0a row 1900 a ‘va yia to Bperavixé Movaeio, o1iov xen Bpioxowtan ‘expl ofepa. 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Tapopora eivan kai n exxova tng Xopoaprave zoo Ktigemke avepeoa ota xpOvIa 713 aL 707 LX. ‘610 avavoAiK6 yA tov Tiypn oto BOpeI0 LpaK, ‘vie va anoteAéoe1 yia Alyo tnv nipwtetovea 100 a0- ‘oypraxo’ xpatovs, AMDteE Ox1 pov Eva eEaipero nokeobopixo Sciypa pe mv axpenaAn, eva qunpa tov aouko 19106 a1 tov teixONs He Lg HOAES 100, NAA Kar Eva aVLNpOGUMIEDUKG GVORO. BraKo- onnpevoy xipov. ny mugen 100 veoBaBuiuviaKod KoaL0OG ‘axohovdel n epvoia tw AxameviBAV pe ‘ng tomes oaipaneies. Thy apxitextovisih ing emtoxig avine (650-330 n.X.) xapaxun- (ize 0 waraoKevAGLIKOG Kat OUAIGTIKOG KAekmaopOG Tov BaoiomKe Ge Tapaboceig, nOA- A@y Ha\EAN KM. ov OBfynEe Go AFyoLEVO eavtoxpatopixé ou». Xapakinpiouké civat ta hahaa pe eeobovs akoounpEveC Ue peyahovs ‘ava Atipous opBootateg, YARITTA a NOARKPOLA e pahoueva ihaxi6ia eEarpenkhe KaAALEXviag ‘Ta aveEopuma Simpepiopata wv HaAaUoY Bev & Evinpetadoay pov U¢ MpoowmIKEs avayKEE twY Boot sav Kar evyewin, AANA AewoepHOLOAY KAN 9G ‘Sionsnust Kan Aatpeucnxt KevTpAL Hagin tov M, AAeEAvpo0 orn BaBehiva ous 21 Oxtofipiow 391 1X, Kar To téAOE Kaw Axe av onparoowe ax thy apxii tne KupLapxiag WY Zekeoxibuv Gn Meconotapia. H ei0ob0¢ 100 M. AdcEavipov oun BaBuAova, 0 (pends je tov on10i0 ye Gext06 a6 tove Ketoikoug tng Hane, ao Ug vyiomeg eit Kal 1 npateg evepyenes tov Hapovaxt zowv 1010piK6 evbiayépov. Hapartéjniowy ONG we6org npodetapiopod Www KaLOIKUY (emnbsbpB- Con tay xava\ay Gbpevong xa apbevone ario tov Euipptitn) aAA4 Kar ovo 96 01 1otopuKes munyes (ea ‘media tng eMfoxhe), Gvyxpoves a1 petayeveote- ‘bec, faxeipiotnxa’ to Yeyowog tng Ka.Anyng tng BaBvAavas, H BaBeAava anoteaei tapa to cAAn- ‘VIKO ofpATIONIKO Ka BronkANKO KEVIpO Ung HPI: hg. Ktizoviar n eXAnvuch epvouxia ing néAne, Tuunpata tne onoiag Exowy avaoxaged, to Beatpo nov oo Anpdvetal Lotepa arto apketa xpOVIA Ka 10 vomoparoKoreio. Zin BiapKera tov Sov axwva 1X. n voxn tng BaBvAavag ouvBéerar we mV i 6pv0n ine nepignang Bedeoxeras-tov-Tiypn, Tov xtizewan ano tov BeAewKco A’ 10 905/304 1X. ous o- xBe¢ tov Tiypn xovia om Baybam xa efeMaaetan fo ya and ng peyaddrepes MOherE mg ALMIOAAK, lovykpwwopevn Ovo pe inv Avuoxeia Kan nv Ade Eavbper, Or avacxayés wv AuepiKaven otn Be- xraetia tov 1980 Kat wav Trav 10 1960 epepav G10 ‘Que ya eAAnvikh THAN Top Ba Hager ona poo ous eFEAiEeIG mg Meoortorayiag yia MOANA xpovia, 1e aEtorpdoexmn prpotonia, ToAAEs «yo- eee Kar Bemmpo. TlapaAAnda pe ui veer noNeIG, ca HHaAiotepa Kat 16rOpIKG GOUUKA KEVipA the MeGo- nHotanias, drug n Adpoa wai n Nunovp, ef axahov- Sow va Katonxoovean. Xapaxtnpionxn elvan n ne pitmioon ing BeAeoxeiag, aug tng KooponONA- ng Ovpobx, ath Bidpxera ng ontoiag Karaypewetan 1 appovich cuvonap—n KONO EAAWOX, Apanaiow, XaABaiuy, Aypopiin, Edepwov xan Apatow H avéponaloynkh npootyyion tv nodtaKGV Seopa, MpAKUKGY KaL KOIVWIKOY GORTEpIpO- ‘paw ine M. Avawolig, anaAAaynevey and wae copieviaAioukh» 61d8e0n, 8a obnyovVe oe evbIa- epovoes avadvoexe wv GOYXPOVWY KALAGKHBEO. AMoote, n «av@pamtohoyish apxaiodoyia» arre- Aci eva MAotoI9 ae epeBionata Kar evbrapspov ago tng apyaooynKie Epeovag. Acv jnopei va. ‘aniogiye1 Kaveig in GiyKpIOn WwW peyUAov maAa- ‘aay ing Meaonotaptiag pe ta onpeprve epxny Ke ‘enaXaeie tov Ipak, 6X1 tO00 Yd va GxOALGGE! to ‘axtoronto yin Tg HOAIEIAKe GORE LY CDyXpO- YoV xparov ing neproxig, aAAA yia va emonpaver ta ucpieviadiouxa» ovepeouvna nepl «eepBadiig» he 1@ onoia ouxva «n Avon» (héoa evnnépoons, Hauke} avaAeteg) ew apeLamTZet Ma NAKPOXPOLN, oNvovikh, HOMUKA Kal aioOnUKt HapaBoGN we onvoviaw mg M. Avarolng, . 14. EAdmorng emppos ‘ahaBoTpw0 1360 yuvainas, now podhov poepxerar on ‘milla (Movasio ‘odiBpou,Mapia). 15.70 edAnors earp0 ra Bopukdvos nou vnooy@nce ni Zehcuxidi. ‘Méxp1 npéopara avocmavoray ‘nd 19 Fev ‘uci8uvan Apxatonfv re, Bayédmns 01 avackageés otic SeKaeties 1930 Kar 1960 Epepav Oto Puss th EeMeUKela, pla and tig HeyaAitepec ndfeig th Avatofing 23EprA TEXNHE Tow APSZAS KON TOPAU-TIATAADITOYAOY -nloupon xaBmysiptag Npotaropieng Apyutohayiag Taverna. sawviv xa AaaNAzib¥ TIARAAOnOYAOy arya Hpotropanis Apstooyiag Flavenioenpiow loarvive TONEHOG O10 [PUK teAeloge, or MANYES OpwE o€ ev 1. Avoyhugo row Trahyoyés. 2.0 Aoooupyna- ay aneacowoevos ‘oupuerDind exavépobey rou p00 Bévdpou. ‘Avsyhuon nopécraon 3. Anoxeraormévo ovdyhu90 ‘operxdhxivou ‘evexphiou an 10 vas ‘ng Ninhursag ovo Al Ubaid we 10 Aeovroxépaio 606 Iméugud (Bperovis Mouotio, Aovsivo) Spaortives wer Kar whixotexviken vioBoun tg xo- pac axéyin ampoppayoiy, kaB\ic pspa ue Im pepe e- vueivetar n aywvia ano to xd0¢ Kar {n OvYXtON THov KuplapxoW Heviob, Méoa atov opunaybe me hhaxng, me napaAnpopopnong kar mg evtaon&- KefNW (OV NEPA, Tlolog aKOKoE UnV evAYEVIA po vi tay vnevBbvay tov Mavosion ing Baybarnc, ov IK EMOTROVUY Kal apsULOAOWN Ia 1OV ‘aneco KivSevo xaraowpo~n, apnayii: Kay Aen Aa: ‘oing tng mokiuotuene xAnpovomidc ing Apxaiag “Meoonotapias, nov yin XUALetES HtaV 10 MIKVO (OB ewavBpamvoe noAsTopob; Frot Buooape BiBepe¢ Kar BapBapre eiKover xaraipopig kat AenAagiag tov avettepGcmowL ‘Movoeiow mic Baybaene and viomove Xai Eevove ‘apmayes Kar WuatouKodoyoos. Emagpeves npoon- eg Kai oxopma evphpata aug AenAatnnever ce ovoeg cuvéBetav oxnviKd pikne, viportig xa a- rowomapo’. Aaiidoape ctv Tor, Ka Bev Bia- ‘yevodnke alto KAVEVaY oc 1opa, ou OASG aio a evpnpara eEapaviotnxay, via va enToutioowy Didigoper WuatrKég ovAAOYEL Kal POW pepIEE AND ‘aud emotpaynxay Gro Movoeio. tbc oho arto to Movoeio unc Baybatne Kal aA 2a onpaviuxd wnpeia Kau poueeia tpéze va. eu ‘av znmlés and uC epavowpier wv appaLw pexn, ove «eG omTva0g» BojBopSiopovs xa tig AenAaoiet, ‘YLOmOW xa Fev apxmoKAIIM OY, KaBkog N. Xopa ivan yepatn ano apxmotntce. Mia youd wo xapen Seixvet yopo-ano un Todine®n Boowpa onpavinc vipa (voor, oxstoHoL, VExpoLapeNd) ww apxcio Youpepiow mg 4ng xiduewog X., ews ato EVI, xovtd Gin Bay6atn, a1 ovo Boppe oaprowy 62a evita $évipa wv apxaioy Zounepioy, Acoupiin, ‘Kaoouey x01 Babuiweiev [BaBudeva (Babylon), ‘Xavpayte (Khafaje), Aoooup (Assur), TEA AyKpaiT (Tell Agraby, TeA Aopap (Tell Asmar), Nao (Nasr), Puappo (Jarmo), Niveun (Ninevech), Nip pouvt (Nimrud), Xopomindvr (&horsabad), Tene Tanoupa (Tepe Gawra) Ka}. iva: navav@pamvo xpéoc Ka umoxpewon va opvn0bei o10vG IOXLPOLE 198 KOOHOD KA OtOEE 1 Amkovg now éxoy avahaBer my avacvyKpomon "mg Tepioxn, oct oe aU tn Kapa n aVEperTOLNKA O- ‘geier HoANée Draxpoviner ages Kar npwLonopraKs exmtevypaua, ou¢ env eMLvoNoA UNG aypOLOKAA- TA APXAI Anepyerdg, tn GmowPY ia Lo TON aoLINGW NE vipw, in avnHeWon apsureKtovien wv Zigeurat, {a mpota xeipeva ypaigns, 10 Tepigmno en10¢ 10° ‘DauAyxapes, tnv enuvongn wav vORWW Kad Lng KOK ‘Yowntig opfamaons, caw PABMPANKAW, Ing aapo- ‘volag, ig Bpnoxeiag, op BohBnoay omy eBEMEn. Ing noAotuthe Nopeiag tov ev)pavo YEVOUC. Kai eival emtiong xpcoc odow tov nioAunuevou kooHOL Kat Wy MVEULANKEY avBparIAY Ya ana hooey neyaAvtepe GeBaat6 rIpo¢ aviOv 16 Baa- ‘viopevo arid nokepovs, repavvies, KaLaKtAOEIC, © _mBponee, aAA4 viIEpAgaYO Ado LOE Tox, a6 wos,A MNHMEIA TOY IPAK e@npepans ieXLpOLE tov KOGpOD, KaBkig KaX cnv Tipootaoia a6 peAXovuRée xaxastpowes xa Na- SpavacKages tov apxaioy 8éewv xa env GneoR emotpogn tay AenAacndeviuv apxmotoyi Ke Bn ‘eccpaiy ing apxaiag Mevorioxai, Kaveig Gv 84 abyxupiiae: eo0o¢ oxwmmoouy a hvwoow pe Biapopes Sueaohoyiec Kat (eXvAGpa- Ta-amoAnieg h Kacao\powG puMpeiaW Kar Ka Aste XVMpOIGW ING apxcing MeoonoLayiog, NOV Ye Xt Aietiee tay 10 AiKvo (ob HaYxovINGE HoLmnoUOL, Biv rpooniiGein avin evtbooetar Karn nopot 0a owwoRTIKA Mapoaicen avnripocaitevaKiw [EVnweiov ig apxaiag Meconotayiac, ome6 01 va: i ziggurat, Kar Oapopev aprotoupynuaLo EpyoV Téxvag -an6 ta ontola Gverexog TIE Bev Ba NA Bovpe néoa KatcoTpGpAKAY Kar AenAauiBMKGY THe G.ox my MAnpopopnan toe euperepor KoWwDD ai mw xivntotloinen Gav Ooo ennpedzove uc TOXet tov KGoHOD ya ENV nHpoetaGiA Kat arTOWpor epoitepe Kataripopoy kai AenAagiac tne HAYRO ua; MOAIOUKNE eAnpovORNEG pac. Ziggurat To mo YWootd and 10 ooMBEpIAKE BpnoKELUX 4, BaBuhwvion ina pe onyarioxg ‘unodoyroyous rou ‘anooréae.v oné ‘ro névipo rpuov oponevrpov RU@UY, nov iBawin, vonapiarod fxg on6 xd wp (BperonKs pumped eivan ra pevida ziggurat i Baiboto: p Movecia, ovbio) 25TA APXAIA MNHMEIA 8. apéovaon ond To ovayhugo ‘B16Gopa Tg Niypowvr now meiwoviger ry ‘suvevrqon row Boonkéov Shalmaneser B° or Mapyrodx Zoxip Eoupi (Movoeio Bayéarns) 6. Tonepignyo yBqga ras Oup (Bperavixe Mauocio, ‘ovbivo) repo, noo Sconozav ong pevadee nade, Baie ta ott exetizovran pe tn paxpoxporn napaiocn, tv oupepiav va kmaonevazo vaobe oe «EE occ h taptioxs naw an ta HEpIBAAOVI xtoN ‘Auch n rpaboon avayeran ota mepiobo Ua. (1 effec nan apvoreoa va ziegurat eEmpE.t cay 8 B10 exon, ve eveooew BASHA EAE KE Tonia to Beoo axéjin tmnt step T9aG tO9G ° avoec, © oxoNdG acu TaN KaKGEKTRN. EEL Imaoxn\nice: ya nohAA xpOvia vous peste xa 1 npoxdoeis toe naanovv eva evpo geo MB ‘oontov: ano tv tneean oa to zigsuat avian cha Aah aver ong epee Kapa and ‘nv ono 1 ouporxarayovnn, xp in Bupa 6 tay Eva yivavaaiog BooreoeKo¢ Boos. 2 ‘noc motebeta ou unoathptzav va 1690, HoXo> Your n nown aprepia vt ext6 mporosEta ano Low Hébot0, ew aroooraae n goankh naptepia. Exe. trong tnootngix®ei and eva apwO YEAsteNa ‘e460 po xpnoipeve og oxvixd poe, noo fray n Kevipinh teheth ow peyado Howto: xpoviao BeotiBa ‘Me ta onjep otorseia, drew n Baoan exe. vento jievort 14 oozopeva ziggurat oF év ‘aia too apstsnd ove epee, paver AoyiKd va ampsxdoae oin poptepia WV ReMEvwY Cov ue uc veetepes REALS, 0 Hpobotos Seupeira 6x iiAnolaze ev GAnBe ww YEWORELN). AEXOREVOI {ny brag 100 1ePO, vo extoo a KINO BE a Aove eninbovg vaocg Bowpomviay oe n NaIOUKiA coo 8e00, peel va ouRgavneoRne ou nepoVERA 2a mea 4a end tig Hod Neg tedetoupHEG HOD Vive H xpovohoynon tov mpaxoo riggurat awayeta. Ta mio ywword and ta coupepiakd SpnoxeutiKd vnpeia eivar ta peyaita Trykoupat A Bafpi6eoroi nupyor, nou GeonoZav atic néAeiG 26 ‘oro Beixepe M06 mg TipaqrNg AuvacUKAG NepL: 00. Evag apiOjdg cippayiboxvAivopav Seixvouy BadmBiané kaLaoKeUes TlOUKIAWY EXON, HepaKES a- no Ug onoieg mBawag antersovizowy Ziggurat Sou0v¢ oF Oxhjia paxpoypagrKoV ziggurat, Mia ‘opaia oppayiba tng axkabixne mepioéon Beixwet va BoBynBut6 Bone A ziggurat, ious je éve ep ‘oinv xopvgn. Bn Ninodp 01 npoxor avooxageg oxvpizoviar 61 Bpnixay Jud oyKiHN KaLGoKEUA xpovohoyotpevn oto tékog ing pang Avvaou- eng Mepiob0v, 1 onbia eixe Gxcwpopa perouneva nipog ta avo enineda, Pinv Ovp vndpxer peytAn mBavouna tmapEng evos ziggurat ing Tpoming Aveastikng nepIo60o noo nepnk AeiornKe Gun peta yevtotepn xataoxeuit mg I Avvaatefag, wan avt0 nipérter va ooveBaive xan o€ aAAec BEcex, eyaditepos Kataoxevaotag zigeurat m: tev avo piBoda 0 Ur-Nammu tng Ovp. Ziggurat éxowv avaoKawei ve 16 Beoelc img Meconotaias, GAAa avapepovrat ‘ota xeipeva xen Sev ExpvV evtometei, A- Aa éxovv evtomotel kat Sev ExoOV avaoxagel. Ta onpavuxotepa ziggurat, extog amd avid tng Ovp, ivan oug @éceig Agar Quf, Tell all-Rimah, Xoo- ona, BalHi 8ea tov ziggurat 61aboOnKe Kar népa ano Meconotayia xan xata tn Sasuwviac nepiobo Seiypata hoav yveots ‘at oto Bopod, éva an ra fonoia epewvhénke mpdopata Gin Bon Tell Rimah ovo Jebel Sinjar. 210 NA Ipav cto Tchoga Zambil xovia ota Bovoa avaoxagnke ziggurat pe ‘Guo enwavion, AANA KatcoKEvaopEvO je S1ago- fpetixd ypemto. Quotes xataaKevés éxoupe Gto Altyn ‘Tepe Tovpxappeviag Kai oto Mundigak tov Agyaviotay. Maovotr Sev ytriopei va vnostnpi- XOel OW KaayOvIGA aN ta HeGoROTawLEARG. HpOLO- 1a, 6106 Hapovoia rove Capac wnobnAave era ‘96 awayieoa a” aves ng Heproxés, Ta mo onnavuna ziggurat eivau: va ziggurat img Ovp, ta pia ziggurat omy naAn Aooobp, 10 ziggurat om 8on Aquf Quf, 10 ziggurat ing Xop- ‘oqunivt xax to ziggurat ovo Etemenanki ung Ba: Bodcvac, Apiotovpynyiata épyev téxvng ‘AV xat eivar Ovoxodo va Eexwoioer xavetc, ave eon oto MAGS Cav apxBiuY avuREIEWwY amo m Meoonotantia, exeiva tov Ba jnopobGav va apa- inpowosv apictoopyiiuata, xatko¢ unpxovy bie: opens avuAnyerc Kan KpILnpIa aoBNUKAG wa ‘anouianong mg xaAAnexviEng BnpLOUPYAG, ONG ‘ia pepnka a6 ava, nov neprypapovtar napaxc 1, Yevigh elvar n extijnon ka nopaboxi Ou no ouxé unepexouy évaval MOAAOY @AAWY Kat ave poowitevouy mv apiototexviih GeEsotEXviG Ww Snmuorpyov ors Min quvommngh emoxotmon tov KOAMEXVIKEN cemevypauov mg apxaiag Meconoraniag, oe bi wopors topei¢ (ayyeronaouxn, xoounpawKn Am) Boupeitar anapaitnin yia mv evxepéctepn xatewonon Kax extiLNGN www NeprypagoUEvV a- vuxenivwn, TAummxh apxaiag Mesororapiag- ‘oASyAvpA épya Adjw ting citavidtntas tov AiDov Gn Meoonota- ia n mgouxh eivan A1yotepe Giadebopevn ao ‘ny Aiyome. H oddyAogn yAoTTUXA Kaver inv eppavIOA me 10 4000 1X. pe m Hopyph odoyhupav Kepahi za ‘ov Kal avBponwv oe avayAvges zogopore, o€ ava ‘yApga ayyeia, akpo\iOiKe ei50 kia Ka ayaApara. Bev Tporodevaonkn Zoopepiaxn mepio60 éxoyye ontadeg avaApawov-Aarpevtay, dng avta nov Bpé- ‘Anxav orev Terpayavo vad omy Eshnumma, 1a 7. Xéhxivn xe poh Axxoiou ‘xuiepurn amo rm, Niveus (Minrpo- ‘nokmixé Movosio, Nea Yépn) Ta avayiuea avtnpocwnevovtai 5iaxpoviKa be onpavtka Seiypara, nou anotenouv etaicia Kafiftexvapata Kai nnyé¢ nAnpo@opiav 21 qva®mpanxé ayaApara roy BpeOnKay pazi oto vad tov Abu ovo TeA Aopip. AxoAOLBOW 1a a- yaAuuta ano 10 vad tg Iotap oto Mari, o Ur. Nanshe, 0 Ibihil, o Dudu. 1c oovpepIaKE Epya n EEN, 14 aoUG KAI OL 0 \gadnoi éndovovtar umeperpa. O xopHes eivan Bapo; Km Bpaxic kai ta xa Bpioxovtan KoVte 10 Gip0. 01 oppo Ka ta pda efvar and Sera vAsd. To ONALUKS oLOIxEIO apoUOKOVEL ta Ccovpepiaxa npocene aANA avartbooetan ehedBepa xan to umepBaive ‘Taxadodiampnpéva Epya yACMKE ths aK: 7TA APXAIA MNHMEIA 8. Neoooupepiove 1500 (2100 1X.) rou nyeyeva Gudea xoBquévou (Miqrpomatixs Movotio, Néa Yépxn xa Movocio ‘ovpou, Mapic) ‘|nche repib500 ta Oraxpiver, Kata tov @pdvxgopE (Frankfort), eva xooyino peyaeio, tas avi tng Kepadhe tov Bapyav (Sargon) n Napayoiv (Naramsin), Zin veoooojepiaxs nepiobo exoue ia emocaba ayahpatow nov exxovizocv tov nye nova Gudea, 6pBt0 1 xafiot6 pe Btopeva xe pt, ‘aAaKp6 H He PAAAND KaNteAo, Kavaoxevaqyeve ‘ha, Any evos, ard oepnavtivn, ano Ganavnp6 xea1 Hoh GkAnpO Gropitn, eivan OAD OnOIa ELAS ove xai Aafeupeva pe peyaAn emBeFsomta «og mw eheutaia Aemopépen, Bmnv enoxh tov Kapovpapmi (Hammurabi) v nnapxowv AiOiva épya ar xéAxwwa, Dow Apxaia BaBvdwviaxit nepiodo napaznpeitar anAowoinon, {wv noppay, Bapia nepiBEpaaa kar ppd KONO: ‘exvnpata, orig to ayadnatibi0 tov Aarpevrod ad ‘yoyo Tiov kpaider pukpO taipo. H anoxpIAKA Odd yarn yAoHUaKA eivar pAAAOV aofpavin oe av eon pe ta Efoxa avayAvga. H mo BeapauiKh LAN YAwITUbY eivar 01 KOADGGIAIO AiBIvO1 wPODPOI, OF LLamassu, wv meh to avaxtopoo tg Xopaa- Innavt tov Lapyav B (1t9pa Bpicxovran amv ei0060 {ov Ipaxnvo Movaeio tng Baybatng). Avtol ot v- Boifixoi kohocedi -gepatei xan avéperto oppor 01 to1xoypacpieg ato Mapi cuv6udtouv tn OUpEpIaKh Kinpovoyid He to Vatoupamioyo tng onpitikhg KaAAItexviKnc Npoceyyiong 28 {aspor A roviapla— fav ev piper avay Agar aL Ev 1Répe1 aloyAvgor, Telog, cn NeoBasuhoviaxh te piobo, o¢ aviiBeon na\i pe tay avanrcugn wv ava. yAbqox, ondpxmev MmhArva €BOAia, pepiatr onpa- ‘vii, emtag tg Mtepag Bpepoxparovoag (600-500 1X), mov ta eixav oto Gita wg exxoviopara, AvayAupa mg apxaiag Meconorapiag ‘Ano dha ta ifn. téxvns, ta avayAnpa avuttpO- ‘oumevovte Biaxpovixé ye onpavinKa Geiyuara, nop anoteAow eEaion KaAAMeXvAaLa Kat TOAD. uupeg mnyés mAnpopopiiv. 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Ta orpateo- hata wv Aoavpiay napedabvouy, 1 ex@poi tpenovear oe goyh, 1a nan avnatéxerar, a\Ad exrtop2eitan, for nyéteg avaoxolonizovtar i oxot vvovia pe Giapopovs tponovs, Hndkn ‘ykpeniizeran oe epeima xan Kaiyeta, ‘© Ang ing Broxvetat, Toe Ka appara, nokwopxnuxéc unxavéc, ‘aupatoBanévec waxes, ViKEC, KUV- ‘yid Kar GuRHOOIG exxovizovtAE RE TAMKcUKh Te\EM yia mHY enfoxh tovG, axpiBera kar éoxn extédeon, 10 Revipind aviistopo me Nip powvt tor To axova (A727 1X.) napiotdivewa 0 TayAad- mAéoep I’ (Tiglathpileser Ill) fe rrohiopxieg nohewv, ev tov G10 axova (721-706 1X.) oun Xopoa. nave anteKovizovtar giepatoi Beot a1 Bapogopar Baijioves va avuxpi: zowv ouAtzapiopéeva BévtpG, iva (704-681 Bug apxég tov 700 4 Xi, @AAa aviryhoga tov Bevwaxepipmt (Sennaherib), yioo tov Bapyov B (Sargon I), enovizowv exorpareieg ctoug BaAt0v¢ wv xBO- aw Evppdun xar Tiypn evavtiov douv avuctexo- ‘veav ounv aosupiaK efvsta, Be GAAo aviiyAngo (668-627) tov Bopeiov ava xcopov eng Niveun ovo Tell Kuyunjik amterxovizo- ‘vrai jaxeg Kar viKeg tov AocouppnavindA (Assurbanipal) evavtioy tov EAaumnuy, xvviyia ay suamboia, Zaxpapucit-torxoypagies H torxoypayia mpwxoepgavizetm ony mepio6o {Uruk (8500-3000 1.X.) -avaoKagég tow AGIWE xan Zagdp to 1943 ovo Tell Ugair- ctor wpipeph vao nov hav couteprxt, vorxoypaynpevoc. 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Bhéno uc wdevcaies eBboudbes Hrevdovees ne ‘yaAov pocotioy (British Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Smithsonian Museum x.0.) Kat EpIKOEG AN tovG MapanKrw opyaRENOAE va. OVI Via MY TpOGtAGIa toe THOAINELOE oto Toa JapBavoviag pérpa yia tnomtes eEaywysc épyuy véxyne, Kada iva dha avid, 1a xavoov yiati ér01 toe ina Kan é101 npene. 10a Opog Kar Kat: GAAO. AteBviig apeprKa: vikos opyavionds Biagnpizer ow Giabixtvo 6a opyaviver opaba cuvimpnidy yia 10 ‘Oxon me BiddDNNE tov PoLoyPAHNKY Ka ‘pauparew nov npoépxovtan ano rove Ane: pxavoog atpariatee Kar Enpocroyptgove HOY NE: Bavay Gtov HOAcHO tov LpaK. To wAnKO avx6 Ba ov ‘vinpndei ano enayyeApaties covinpmtée 100 ca 0: vonatd tov¢ 8a Bpioxovian oxo Brabiktv0 Kat KE Be wevbxapepopevn o1xoyevera Ba piTopet va Bie: ‘ier oto Bede TlaAoi 8a avaputnBobv ya vo napankivw yeyo: ‘voc Kal 8a i@eav va ywupizovy tow teAuxa Mra 1 @AnOv6 npOGwHO GUO tow MOAEPOD KaX TG ‘once mioe tov. Fi andvinan eivar expovuch yiati 0 wodepog av- 1g Eexivnoe yin onxovopiKa uRwepavIa, NpOxa- Aawtag to Bavato avOpimivav zai, KaLao‘pO~PA HoALIGHOo XDABWV ETON. ‘AMAA avid elven Aemoneperes, yiaci n Apepuxt hanlopel Ka Braodzer env cropia ung Ka ytTOpEL Kal auvinpet 14 Mpodemkt avaKeipéva wv aV- paw nov axoUBNKAY Ge aLIY LOV OAEHO AITO ‘enayyeAwatieg GovEnpnus, tay avOpariww Too 61a- eke Kal MAApMGE yia va GxoUoBOW. SHMENOEH 1. Oa 1m ep2 now SapBovovtn ya HW pNP ‘pop exer EpyDE COD A KHMIEL) HOD Ex uno ‘pOopes cn Epona mapayores. .Youpia. Brawn P., 0 xoooe me vores apxandenac, 190750 nX, rv 198, DRovsen 16, Totopia tov MeyaAov AdeEav6pou, pex69 -ctoayuyh-oxa PHL AiooaXin, Komen exboan 138 Hm E. Anoowai6n, Toanen Totcog, 2, AD 198, TKAvoYPOo B- TomovKraie a, AdéfavOpo¢ 0 Maxebiv xatn ‘AvaroAay, pec, T. Dxepy, 20 ff, ex. Ang. N Haneda, Apna 1992 Hanmoxp NG, Méyac AAeEavépos: évac 1510puric, sx, MaXvapne-Taeia, Geooa ova 1967 Agtan AN, Aoxnong ing yeopytag-Avanrub ig img yewpyiag ev Aryima, BaBohavia, XaXGaia, TaAanociva, Apxaia EAAGo1 xa Apxaia ItaAia, Gecoakovian 1857 Mnepn a. O Méyac AAéEavépog Kain EAnviouni Avvorparopia, wvao. ANE. Kotznig, Ké6poc, ASnwa 1983. OiePcaMIAN?., Méyag AAéEavépos, To épapa ing expivng wv Aas, xb, KRovbdon Abia 1097. BECKINGHAM CF, ‘Alla ofthe Arab World and the Middle Bat, Aovbivo 160, BILLows R.A. Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialist, KJ. Bil, ee 185, Cuisriz N-Losepy 8:7 eau, Towns in Transition: Urban ‘Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, Adwtepoot 1086 Emoyf eikovoypaixou ‘likou-Texppwon: APT. VAPOMHAIKOE Dan A.H-Masson v.M., History of Civilizations of Central ‘Asia, UNESCO, Tlopior 1992, FRYER, ‘The Herttage of Central Asia: ‘From Antiquity to the Turkish Expansion, Tipivotov 1996, HamiTon J. Alexander the Great, Hutchinson, ‘Aovbivo 1973. Hirt pu. History of the Arabs, Néa Yopun 977, Hrrip., History of Syria, including ‘Lebanon and Palestine, Macmillan, AoxGivo 1951. KaGioréeibahio word wg «Ur Nashe 0 poyouBiari¢». AV Ko To dvopa eivat ‘pio, 1 vop9n evar yuvania kat ano ‘uré exxa(era ov enpéxerro ya euvouxo ‘umnpérn Tou Naod (Movocio Aapaoxat)Ayan sero» hones onus a0 Kipie bievsiowta, (Me ésmAngn at Aor Anpoopni- a 6c ota “Tovopixa” tg Lng Avy ‘oy 2008 BnpooieDGATE HARON peta ‘yoann (avanapayoviag Kai opropeves enkGvec) tng avEVTELECHE Tov Nope: aphor 0 AN Tlaodic wv Toavvivey oto avo KaBmynm Metep hop Mnpeviored na mv aapapovn 108 coun HpeBeza to 3812, Biss va zn fe n aber too Iwotiro%xou tng Aaviag caunv ABiva, Hoo eEébo0e to KERIEVD, exe ta AVENROTIKA SIReNOPAKG, *a1 oot taaBeBaxi- ev Ba eixe Kaa c- ‘vuigpnon ia xepia anaimon, emp Aaooopevey BéBma wy SuxmO PAW fextoin tev Ioavvivuy otov onoio eixe ‘nn BoBei n aBe1a extione. too ep” fora eA. 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