SUBJECT : ENGINEERING MECHANICS, UNIT: 1 FRICTION OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS ‘Qamar Sultana, Assoc Head(CED) Incharge Mech & Graph see 1. Define Frictional force. Frictional force: When a solid body slides over a stationary solid body, a force is exerted at the surface of contact by the stationary body on the moving body, which is called as the force of friction. 2. Define Friction Friction: The property of the bodies by the virtue of which a force is exerted by a stationary body on the moving body to resist the motion of the moving body is called as the Friction. 3, Frictional force acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion. 4. Types of Friction: (Static Friction , (ii)Dynamic or Kinetic Friction 5.Differentiate between static friction and kinetic friction. Static Friction: It is the friction force experienced by a body under the action of the external force when it is in static condition. The static friction varies from zero to its maximum value. (limiting friction) Dynamic friction or Kinetic friction: It is the friction force experienced by a body when the body moves over another body and when the value of the external applied force exceeds the limiting friction. 6. Limiting Friction: The maximum value of static friction is called as limiting friction. 7. Types of Dynamic or kinematic frictions: (i) Sliding friction (ii) Rolling friction. 8. Dynamic or Kinematic friction is less than the static friction. 9. Rolling friction is less than the sliding friction. 10. State the laws of friction. 11.Define angle of friction. Angle of friction(@): The angle made by the resultant of the Normal reaction and the limiting Frictional force with Normal reaction is known as, the angle of friction 12.Coefficient of friction (f or w): It is the ratio of the limiting friction foree to normal reaction. The tangent of the angle of friction is equal to coeff of friction. for = Tan® = (F/N) 13.Angle of Repose: It is the angle of the inclined plane at which the body just begins to slide down the plane14, A body on the inclined plane will start moving down when the gle of fr n(®) ingle of repose (8). 15. Cone-of Friction: It is defined as the right circular cone with vertex at the point of contact of the two bodies, axis in the direction of normal reaction and semi vertical angle equal to the angle of friction For the coplanar forces the static reaction R must lie within the angle ABC as shown, whereas for the non-coplanar forces the static reaction must be contained within the cone generated by revolving the line AB about the normal BN. The cone so formed is called as the cone of friction. B B é A A NG x 16. The co-efficient of friction is 0.25 for a certain surface. The angle of friction is F-0.25, ®= tan (F/N) = tan (.25)=16.7 17. Find the least value of P required to start the block if f= 0.2. P 400 N 18) What is a wedge? A) A wedge is piece of metal or wood which is usually of a triangular or trapezoidal in cross section. It is used for either lifting loads or used for slight adjustments in the position of a body.SUBJECT : ENGINEERING MECHANICS UNI CENTROID & C.G OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS Qamar Sultana, Assoc Head(CED) Section Head(Mech & Graphics) 1. Differentiate between the centroid and the center of gravity Centroid: It is the point through which the total area of the plane figure (including lines and volumes) acts or it is the geometric centre of the plane figure. Centre_of Gravity: It is the point through which the whole weight of the body acts. 2. State the Pappus theorems Theorem I: The first theorem states that the surface area is the product of the length of the generating curve multiplied by the distance travelled by its centroid, In the figure, let the curve AB of length L be revolved about OX through an angle of 2TI radians. The differential length dL sweeps through the distance 2Tly thereby generating a hoop whose area is 2TlydL. | ee y oe eee ‘The total area generated by AB is the area of all such hoops or A= 2llydL = 201ydL = 2019 ‘Theorem II: The second theorem states that the volume is the product of the area of the figure multiplied by the length of the path described by the centroid of the area. In the figure, let the area A be rotated about OX through an angle of 211 radians. The differential area dA sweeps through the distance 2Ily thereby generating a ring whose volume is 2IlydA.The total volume generated is the sum of the volumes of all such rings or Vv =J 2MydA = 2IfydA = 201VA Centroids of common geometric shapes SHAPE LENGTH/AREA |X y TRectangle 7 Y A= bxh b2 2 2Triangle | A=bh bis 3 2 | h | 3.Segment of arc L=2ra rsina | o4. Circular Sector ] y { A=? 2rsine | 0 tee 3 a a4 weer A | | | | = Ur [ore 0 1 A= Te 4r 0 2 3m rele ome * | | | i | 7. Spandrel i EE { la A=1 bh apie pt Gh? get i) ntl m2 4nt2 tad { fs a b i eat st | i 1