9/16/2008

Circuit Analysis 1
Chapter # 2
Resistive Circuits

Mazhar Javed
y of Elecrtonics Engineering
Faculty g g
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and
Technologies, Topi, Pakistan
Lecture # 10

THE “INVERSE” VOLTAGE DIVIDER

R1
+
VS +
- R2 VO
−
VOLTAGE DIVIDER "INVERSE" DIVIDER
R2 R1 + R2
VO = VS VS = VO
R1 + R2 R2

Example 2.16
COMPUTE VS

" INVERSE" DIVIDER

220 + 20
VS = 458.3 = 500kV
220 2

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Notice use of
passive sign
convention

+ 80k Ω * i ( t ) − KVL : − 6V + 80k Ω * i ( t ) + 12V + 40k Ω * i ( t ) = 0

6V
i(t ) = − = −0.05
0 05mA
+ 120k Ω
i(t ) 40k Ω * i ( t )
−

Knowing the current one can compute ALL

the remaining voltages and powers 3

EXAMPLE
9V
A 20k B C
+ -
I
12V +
- DETERMINE I 30k Home work
KVL FOR VDAUSING KVL
2.24, 2.26, 2.29,2.32,
E D 2.33, 2.34, 2.35, 2.36
10k
V DA =
VCD = 30k * I = 1.5V

I DE = 0.05mA

KVL : - 12 + 20k * I + 9 + 30k * I + 10k * I = 0

3V
I= = 0.05mA
60kΩ
KVL : V DA + 12 − 10k * I = 0
VDA = −11.5V
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2.4 SINGLE NODE-PAIR CIRCUITS

IN PRACTICE NODES MAY ASSUME STRANGE
THESE CIRCUITS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY ALL
FORMS
THE ELMENTS HAVING THE SAME VOLTAGE
ACROSS THEM - THEY ARE IN PARALLEL

+
V
−

EXAMPLE OF SINGLE NODE-PAIR

+
LOW DISTORTION POWER AMPLIFIER
V
−

THIS ELEMENT IS INACTVE (SHORT-CIRCUITED) 5

LOW VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY FOR CRT - PARTIAL VIEW

SAMPLE PHYSICAL NODES

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COMPONENT SIDE CONNECTION SIDE

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BASIC CURRENT DIVIDER Rp

THE CURRENT DIVISION
APPLY KCL

THE CURRENT i(t) ENTERS THE NODE AND

SPLITS - IT IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE
CURRENTS i1(t) AND i2(t)

USE OHM’S LAW TO REPLACE

CURRENTS

DEFINE “PARALLEL RESISTANCE COMBINATION” 1

I1 = (5) = 1mA
i (t ) =
1
v (t ) 1+ 4
Rp 4
I 2 = I − I1 = (5) = 4mA
RR 1+ 4
v (t ) = 1 2 i (t )
R1 + R2 7

Example 2.17 : FIND I 1 , I 2 , VO

WHEN IN DOUBT… REDRAW THE CIRCUIT TO

HIGHLIGHT ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS!!

IS EASIER
TO SEE THE
DIVIDER = 80k * I 2
24V

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Example 2.18: CAR STEREO AND CIRCUIT MODEL

215mA
215mA

POWER PER SPEAKER

THERE IS MORE THAN ONE

E 2.10 - CURRENT DIVIDER OPTION TO COMPUTE I2

USING CURRENT DIVIDER

KCL : I 2 + 16 − I1 = 0
40
I2 = − (16) = −4mA
120 + 40
POWER : I 2 R
RESISTANCE IN kΩ, P = 144 * 40mW = 5.76W
120 CURRENT IN mA YIELD POWER IN mW 9
I1 = (16) I1 = 12mA
120 + 40

FIRST GENERALIZATION: MULTIPLE SOURCES

APPLY KCL TO THIS NODE

Current into node is +ive

EQUIVALENT SOURCE

DEFINE “PARALLEL RESISTANCE COMBINATION”

1
iO ( t ) = v (t )
Rp
R1 R2
v (t ) = iO ( t )
R1 + R2

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FIND VO AND THE POWER

SUPPLIED BY THE SOURCES

6kΩ +
VO
10mA 3kΩ
15mA −

+
Rp VO
VO = −10V
P15 mA = VO (15mA) −
5mA

=
6k−*150
3k mW
Rp = = 2 kΩ
P =6k−V+ 3(10
6 mA O
k mA) Power Supply PSC
= 100mW 11

SECOND GENERALIZATION: MULTIPLE RESISTORS

APPLY KCL TO THIS NODE

Ohm’s Law at every resistor

v ( t ) = RP i O ( t ) ⎫
v (t ) ⎪⎬ ⇒ i K (t ) = p iO ( t )
R
ik (t ) = Rk
Rk ⎪⎭
General current divider
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FIND THE CURRENT IL

COMBINE RESISTORS
COMBINE THE SOURCES

1mA

STRATEGY: CONVERT THE PROBLEM INTO A

BASIC CURRENT DIVIDER BY COMBINING
SOURCES AND RESISTORS.
THE NEXT SECTION EXPLORES IN MORE
DETAIL THE IDEA OF COMBINING RESISTORS

NOTICE THE MINUS SIGN

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Homework
Example 2.19
E: 2.11,
P: 2.38, 2.39, 2.41,
2 44 2.46
2.44, 2 46

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