Elise DAgostino

Grand Canyon University

NRS-441V: Capstone Project
Review of Literature

Carr, P. G. (2012). The use of mechanical restraint in mental health: a catalyst for
change?. Journal Of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 19(7), 657-664

This article showed examples as to why mechanical restraints may be the last resort in dealing
with extreme behaviors. A womans facility unit was viewed and a patient mentioned in the
article as Ms. A who was diagnosed as Schizophrenia and Personality Disorder and had been a
longtime residence of the institutional setting. Ms. A was described as a very violent patient that
had made many assaults on the health care staff that cared for her. Not only had that continued to
self-harm as well. Chemical and physical restraints proved to be inhumane and ineffective in the
care of Ms. A. The use of mechanical restraints was the only form of restraint that showed a
positive effect and allowed her wounds to heal and avoid further self-harm. This article doesnt
state that mechanical restraints should be frequently used, but more of a last resort to treat
extreme unsafe behaviors.

Sivakumaran, H., George, K., & Pfukwa, K. (2011). Reducing restraint and seclusion in an
acute aged person's mental health unit.Australasian Psychiatry, 19(6), 498-501 4p.
This article showed examples as to why mechanical restraints may be the last resort in dealing
with extreme behaviors. A womans facility unit was viewed and a patient mentioned in the
article as Ms. A who was diagnosed as Schizophrenia and Personality Disorder and had been a
longtime residence of the institutional setting. Ms. A was described as a very violent patient that

had made many assaults on the health care staff that cared for her. Not only had that continued to
self-harm as well. Chemical and physical restraints proved to be inhumane and ineffective in the
care of Ms. A. The use of mechanical restraints was the only form of restraint that showed a
positive effect and allowed her wounds to heal and avoid further self-harm. This article doesnt
state that mechanical restraints should be frequently used, but more of a last resort to treat
extreme unsafe behaviors.
Achieving restraint-free on an inpatient behavioral health unit Volume 19, Issue 7 of Journal
of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.
This article showed examples as to why mechanical restraints may be the last resort in dealing
with extreme behaviors. A womans facility unit was viewed and a patient mentioned in the
article as Ms. A who was diagnosed as Schizophrenia and Personality Disorder and had been a
longtime residence of the institutional setting. Ms. A was described as a very violent patient that
had made many assaults on the health care staff that cared for her. Not only had that continued to
self-harm as well. Chemical and physical restraints proved to be inhumane and ineffective in the
care of Ms. A. The use of mechanical restraints was the only form of restraint that showed a
positive effect and allowed her wounds to heal and avoid further self-harm. This article doesnt
state that mechanical restraints should be frequently used, but more of a last resort to treat
extreme unsafe behaviors.

Lewis M; Taylor K; Parks J;(2009). Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Mar2009; 30(3): 159-164.
Crisis Prevention Management: A Program to Reduce the Use of Seclusion and
Restraint in an Inpatient Mental Health Setting
This article showed examples as to why mechanical restraints may be the last resort in dealing
with extreme behaviors. A womans facility unit was viewed and a patient mentioned in the
article as Ms. A who was diagnosed as Schizophrenia and Personality Disorder and had been a
longtime residence of the institutional setting. Ms. A was described as a very violent patient that

had made many assaults on the health care staff that cared for her. Not only had that continued to
self-harm as well. Chemical and physical restraints proved to be inhumane and ineffective in the
care of Ms. A. The use of mechanical restraints was the only form of restraint that showed a
positive effect and allowed her wounds to heal and avoid further self-harm. This article doesnt
state that mechanical restraints should be frequently used, but more of a last resort to treat
extreme unsafe behaviors.

Parish, Colin .(2011). Time for unrestrained Debate

This article showed examples as to why mechanical restraints may be the last resort in dealing
with extreme behaviors. A womans facility unit was viewed and a patient mentioned in the
article as Ms. A who was diagnosed as Schizophrenia and Personality Disorder and had been a
longtime residence of the institutional setting. Ms. A was described as a very violent patient that
had made many assaults on the health care staff that cared for her. Not only had that continued to
self-harm as well. Chemical and physical restraints proved to be inhumane and ineffective in the
care of Ms. A. The use of mechanical restraints was the only form of restraint that showed a
positive effect and allowed her wounds to heal and avoid further self-harm. This article doesnt
state that mechanical restraints should be frequently used, but more of a last resort to treat
extreme unsafe behaviors.

Benson, Richard; Miller, Gail; Rogers, Paul; Allen, John (2012).Strategies to prevent restraintrelated deaths Mental Health Practice;Apr2012, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p32
This article showed examples as to why mechanical restraints may be the last resort in dealing
with extreme behaviors. A womans facility unit was viewed and a patient mentioned in the
article as Ms. A who was diagnosed as Schizophrenia and Personality Disorder and had been a
longtime residence of the institutional setting. Ms. A was described as a very violent patient that
had made many assaults on the health care staff that cared for her. Not only had that continued to
self-harm as well. Chemical and physical restraints proved to be inhumane and ineffective in the

care of Ms. A. The use of mechanical restraints was the only form of restraint that showed a
positive effect and allowed her wounds to heal and avoid further self-harm. This article doesnt
state that mechanical restraints should be frequently used, but more of a last resort to treat
extreme unsafe behaviors.

Strout TD . (2010) Perspectives on the experience of being physically restrained: An integrative

review of the qualitative literature
This article researched a three year program that provides ways to prevent the use of restraints.
This article is a little different then the others it is more of an authors opinion but helps add to the
positive attributes aiding in the prevention of using restraints and using other options before
restraints are considered.
.
Letters to the Editor
This article researched a three year program that provides ways to prevent the use of restraints.
This article is a little different then the others it is more of an authors opinion but helps add to the
positive attributes aiding in the prevention of using restraints and using other options before
restraints are considered.

Moylan LB1, Cullinan M. . (2011). Frequency of assault and severity of injury of psychiatric
nurses in relation to the nurses' decision to restrain
This article researched a three year program that provides ways to prevent the use of restraints.
This article is a little different then the others it is more of an authors opinion but helps add to the
positive attributes aiding in the prevention of using restraints and using other options before
restraints are considered.

Holmes D1, Kennedy SL, Perron A. (2004).The mentally ill and social exclusion: a critical
examination of the use of seclusion from the patient's perspective

This article researched a three year program that provides ways to prevent the use of restraints.
This article is a little different then the others it is more of an opinion but helps add to the
positive attributes aiding in the prevention of using restraints and using other options before
restraints are considered.

Love CC, McLoughlin KA. (2004).The health of the staff is as important as the health of the
people we serve
This article researched a three year program that provides ways to prevent the use of restraints.
This article is a little different then the others it is more of an opinion but helps add to the
positive attributes aiding in the prevention of using restraints and using other options before
restraints are considered.

Academic Journal Survey highlights lack of uniformity in C&R training(2010), Mental Health
Practice;Mar2004, Vol. 7 Issue 6, p5
This article researched a three year program that provides ways to prevent the use of restraints.
This article is a little different then the others it is more of an authors opinion but helps add to the
positive attributes aiding in the prevention of using restraints and using other options before
restraints are considered..

Young.A (2005). ISPN Position Statement on the Use of Restraint and Seclusion

It discusses the need for restraints and seclusion and how the nursing staff is put at great risk if
there is no intervention in place to protect the staff. It does speak about It takes a specially
trained health care provider to care for patients in a mental health facility. Staff can be at fault for
the escalation of a patient if their communication skills are used in a provoking style. While
restraints are used in violent scenerios there has been a report of restraints being misused and

causing harm or even death for patients. This article does not fully support the prevention of
restraints but it does state the risks that nursing staff are faced with.

Tonje Lossius Husum. (2007). The development of a scale to measure staff attitude to coercion

This article researched a three year program that provides ways to prevent the use of restraints.
This article is a little different then the others it is more of an authors opinion but helps add to the
positive attributes aiding in the prevention of using restraints and using other options before
restraints are considered.

Barb Trader. (2015). Why Restraint Prevention is the Priority

This article does mainly discuss the use of restraints with adolescence. There should be more
guidelines for restraint use of adolescence. Therapeutic measures that been far more effective for
children and have caused a better comfort level with the patient to nurse relationship. More
parents would also be more comfortable allowing their children to receive treatment knowing
that they will not be restrained. The use of restraints is making a huge impact in both positive
and negative aspects. The goal that comes from restraints is not to make a patient fearful but yet
keep some order and safety for other patients and staff. The primary goal of Restraints and
Seclusion in an inpatient psychiatry facility is to uphold the safety of everyone in the treatment
environment. The use of restraints and seclusion can be an effective measure used in the
appropriate way but can also cause controversy among the health care community. In hospitals
that still use restraints and seclusion, they must uphold the policies and training that is involved
therefore ensuring patients safety. For the hospitals that refrain from restraints and seclusion,

they must use a therapeutic approach in calming down and deescalating patient preventing
aggressive behavior.