Dragnet Verbal Test 2

Solution Booklet

Solutions
Each of the statements are either True or False or Cannot say. However, we are
interested only in the true statements.
True: The statement follows logically from the information contained in the passage.
False: The statement is logically false from the information contained in the
passage. Cannot Say: It is not possible to determine whether the statement is true or
false without further information.

The merits of single-sex education have long been debated in the United
States, where demand for single-sex schools is on the rise. Title IV, a 1972
law prohibiting sex discrimination in education, was amended in 2006,
allowing for the establishment of single-sex state schools so long as a coeducational alternative is available. While critics view single-sex schools as
discriminatory and inadequate preparation for adult life, advocates claim
that children, and particularly girls, benefit from a single-sex education.
American research shows that girls attending single-sex schools have
higher self-esteem, participate more in class, and score higher on aptitude
tests than their counterparts in co-educational schools. A 2005 study
revealed that both girls and boys attending single-sex schools spent more
time on homework and had less disciplinary problems. Single-sex schools
subvert stereotypical course-taking patterns and results. Advocates of
single-sex schooling argue that educators can teach more effectively by
tailoring their tuition to reflect current research about gender-based brain
development. Many experts, however, believe that research into single-sex
education is inconclusive, and that so long as the education provided is
gender-fair, both girls and boys can thrive in a co-educational environment.

Q1

Which two of these options must be true?

(Cannot say) Girls in single sex school perform better in sciences than those in coeducational schools
It is not possible to say based on the information in the passage whether
girls perform better in maths and sciences
(True) This trend towards America single sex education is a relatively recent phenomenon
This is true, because single-sex schools were illegal between 1972 and 2006,
as explained in the second sentence.
(Cannot say) Research into single-sex is inconclusive
The passage did not mention this as a concluded fact, it was actually experts that
believe so last 3 lines in the passage

.
(True) Demand for single-sex schools is on the rise
This is true as seen in the second line of the passage

Q2

Which two of these options must be true?

(True) Proponents of single-sex education believe there are different learning styles
exist between genders
The seventh sentence asserts this by stating that educators can tailor to reflect
current research about gender- based brain development

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Graduate Standardisation Examination

(True) The Usual course taking patterns are avoided in single sex schools
Very true as seen in line 12 of the passage
(False) The amended law in 2006 allow only the existence of single sex schools
Line 4 of the passage disproves this statement the amended law allow for both type
of school system
(Cannot say) Single sex schools provide inadequate preparation for adult life
This is not a stated fact in the passage; it is rather the view of critics of single sex schools

Q3

Which two of these options must be true?

(Cannot say) The only advantage for boys in single sex education is improved discipline
Be careful to note that the benefits given of single-sex education in the passage
are all opinions; the passage does not give them to us as facts
(True) Girls in single sex schools have higher self esteem than their counterparts in
co-educational school
Very true as seen in line 8 of the passage
(True) There are more beliefs than actual conclusions in this passage
In the passage we have only 2 conclusions, the majority of statements made in
the passage were views and beliefs
(Cannot say) 1972 law prohibits educational discrimination
Educational discrimination is a wider kind of discrimination which also encompasses sex
educational discrimination. So since the passage only specify that the law prohibited sex
discrimination, we cannot say for sure if the 1972 law prohibits other forms of
educational discrimination.

Q4

Which two of these options must be true?

(Cannot say) Single sex education reinforces pre existing gender stereotypes.
This is not an argument made in the passage
(Cannot say)There are more single-sex schools than co-educational schools.
Though the passage states in line 2 that the demand for single-sex schools is on the
rise, it never stated out rightly that there are more single-sex schools than coeducational school
(True) Claims exist for girls benefiting from a single sex education
Very true as seen in line 7 of the passage
(True) Experts believe that any gender can thrive in a co-educational system
Very true as seen in the last line of the passage

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The United States space programme is at a critical juncture. Between 1971

and 2011, spending on space has declined from 5% of the federal
budget to 0.5%. The US government recently announced it has cancelled
its Constellation human spaceflight programme, which was intended to
provide transportation to the International Space Station (ISS). Instead,
NASA will shift its emphasis to developing new technologies and
commercializing space flight. NASA will outsource its transportation to the
ISS a move designed to dramatically reduce launch costs. Five private
companies nearly all of which are headed by internet entrepreneurs are
sharing $50 million of federal funds to develop cargo spacecraft. NASAs
new vision has not been met by enthusiasm from all quarters, with critics
calling it the death knell of Americas former supremacy in space travel.
Politicians whose states are losing out on jobs as a result of NASAs
cancelled programmes have been among the most vocal critics. With
entrepreneurs racing to achieve human spaceflight, the next American to
land on the moon could be a commercial passenger rather than a NASA
astronaut.

Q5

Which two of these options must be true?.

(True) NASA aims to save money by outsourcing transport to the International Space Station

The fifth sentence states that outsourcing transportation is designed to dramatically reduce
launch cost. So NASA has designed something to save money, which is equivalent to
aiming to save money
(True)Travels to the International Space Station will now be privatised
This summarises the fifth sentence. Handing operation to private companies is privatistion
(False) More than 5 private companies are into the privitisation bid
Line 8 of the passage accounts for only 5 private companies and no more
(False) NASA is now solely concerned with developing new technologies
They are not only concerned with developing new technologies, but also
with commercializing space flight

Q6

Which two of these options must be true?

(Cannot say) The five companies federal funds are using internet technology to develop
While these companies are headed by internet entrepreneurs, this fact is not
necessarily related to the spacecraft they are developing for NASA
(True) Due to the change in U.S space programs many states are losing out on jobs
Very true as seen in the last five lines

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(Cannot say) America has lost its former supremacy in space travel
This was not stated as a fact in the passage, it is just the view of critics
(True) The privatisation plan was executed to reduce cost
Very true as seen in line 8 of the passage

Q7

Which two of these options must be true?

(Cannot say) NASAs new direction marks the end of American leadership in space
This is not a concluded fact from the passage but a view of critics
(False) Americans now land on moon as commercial passenger
This as of when the passage was written had not been achieved, it was a
likely projection to happen, if all went well with the proposed plan.
(True) The federal funds are used to develop cargo space aircraft
Very true as seen in the last 8 lines of the passage
(True) NASAs new vision has not been met by enthusiasm
Very true as seen in the last 7 lines of the passage

Q8

Which two of these options must be true?

(Cannot say) The U.S government recently announced plans to reduce its space programme
budget.
The second sentence states that spending has declined over the past 40 years,
however It does not say if the government announced this.
(True) No more constellation human space flight by the government
Very true as seen in the last 7 lines of the passage
(True) With NASAs new project, commercial space travel could be a possibility
The passage states two things that enhance the possibility of this project first, the
outsourcing which is a move designed to drastically reduce launch cost and secondly,
the interest shown by many entrepreneurs racing to achieve the human spaceflight

(False) NASA will be in charge of cargo spacecraft development

The passage tells us that the entrepreneurs will be the ones to develop the cargo
space craft as seen in line 10

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Graduate Standardisation Examination

Biologics, which are medical products created from living organisms or their
products, are at the cutting edge of biomedical research. While the term biologics
includes a wide array of medical products such as vaccines and antitoxins, it most
often refers to medications made using biological processes. Unlike chemically
produced drugs, biologics are produced using biotechnologies And consist of
natural materials- such as proteins, cells, and tissues-deriving from humans,
animals or microorganisms. Biologics have revolutionized a number of medical
disciplines, in particular rheumatology and oncology, offering pioneering
treatments for previously untreatable conditions. Some experts predicts that
biologics will comprise half of the prescription drug market by 2020.
However, the high cost of these medicines has raised pharmacoeconomic
concerns- especially as many of these drugs are used to treat chronic conditions.

Whereas conventional medicines have a maximum of five years exclusivity

before cheaper versions come to market, no such regulation exist for biologics.
The generics industry wants to introduce similar regulations for biologics, and
Advocates believe the availability of biosimilars could result in savings of 30%
for Healthcare providers. Biotechnology companies, however, are arguing for a
minimum twelve-year period of exclusivity, to ensure a return on their investment
and provide revenue for the development of new treatments.

Q9

Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) It takes longer for a biotechnology company to recoup its investment than a
conventional pharmaceutical company
This is not stated as a fact in the passage, it was just an argument raised by
biotechnological companies line 17 of the passage
(Cannot say) Biologics medicines are prescribed primarily in the fields of rheumatology and
oncology
The passage states that biologics have revolutionized a number of medical disciplines,
but mentioned rheumatology and oncology as examples. However, this option is talking
about prescription which was not discussed in the passage.
(True) A biologic is not necessarily a vaccine or antitoxin
Biologics are medications produced from biological processes, so it entail more than
vaccine and antitoxin
(True) Biologics are made using different technology than conventional medical products
Yes, the technology used in creating biologics is different from that of conventional
medical products as seen in line 5

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Graduate Standardisation Examination

Q10

Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) Biologics have produced cures for previously untreatable conditions.

Very true as seen in line 7 to 9 of the passage
(Cannot Say) Manufacturers of generic medicines want to introduce generic biosimilars
Nothing was said about the introduction of generic biosimilars in the passage, what was
said was the interest to introduce biosimilar regulations
(False) Biotechnology companies are fighting to retain a monopoly on their biologics
No, they are rather asking for more time of exclusivity, to ensure a return on
their Investment last 2 lines in the passage
(True) The biotechnology industry is emphasising profit over patient well-being
Very true as seen in the last 2 lines of the passage

Q11

Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) Patients would benefit economically from the introduction of generic biologics
Yes, because they will be available at cheaper prices
(True) Twelve years represents the minimum amount of time needed for a biologic to break even

This is what the biotechnology companies envisage Note: to break even means to
make profit
(Cannot say) Biologics have had a profound effect on treatment available for certain disease
The passage never gave any information on this. What it says in line 8-9 is that it is
offering pioneering treatments for previously UNTREATABLE conditions.
(Cannot say) Biologics represent less than half of the medications prescribed today
No direct statement like this was mentioned in the passage and so we should not jump
into conclusions

Q12

Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) Because they come from natural sources, biologics are healthier than
conventional pharmaceuticals.
Nothing of this nature was said in the passage
(True) The length of proposed exclusivity period on biologics is a contentious issue
It is contentious because biologic producers need enough time of exclusivity to make profit
even at the detriment of patient who may only be able to afford the cheaper biosimilars

(Cannot say) Critics oppose biologics on the grounds of cruelty to animals

Nothing of this sort was said in the passage
(True) The development of a new biologic requires a high level of investment
Yes, such drugs are expensive, so they must entail high investment

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The democratic peace theory holds that liberal democracies never, or

rarely, go to war against each other. The first to espouse this idea was the
German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who posited that constitutional
republics engender peace, because the majority of people will not vote to
go to war unless in self-defence. More recently, the democratic peace
theory was put forth in 1964 by Dean Babst. Babst carried out the first
statistical research to scientifically prove that democracies never or rarely
fight each other. Despite an undeniable statistical correlation between
democracy and peace, the democratic peace theory is highly debated
amongst political scientists. The definitions of democracy and war are
one contentious issue. Some opponents of the democratic peace theory
point to exceptions, such as the Spanish-American War. However, the main
criticism of the theory is that it is based on flawed logic that peace
between democracies is not caused by the democratic nature of those
states. Furthermore, opponents argue that democracies frequently attack
non-democracies, dispelling the notion that democracies are inherently
pacifistic. There are several derivatives of the democratic peace theory,
including the economic peace theory, which states that increased economic
exchange between states helps to avoid conflict.

Q13

Which two of these statements must be true?

(False) Kants theory about democratic peace was based on his scientific research
The third sentence states that the first statistical research into the theory was not
carried out until Babsts work in the 1960s
(True) Democratic peace theory is based on democracy
The second sentence explains that the majority of people will not vote to go to war, and
as a result the country will not go to war.
(True) Several derivatives of the democratic peace theory exist
Very true as seen in the last 2 lines of the passage
(False) The correlation of democracy and peace help reduce debate amongst scientist
Despite this correlation, the democratic peace theory is still highly debated line 8

Q14

Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) The definition of peace is divisive amongst political scientists.

The passage does not say anything on the definition of peace being divisive
(Cannot say) In 1964, Babst carried out the first research to prove democratic
peace theory
Despite an undeniable statistical correlation between an undeniable statistical
correlation between democracy and peace in his research, the democratic peace
theory is highly debated

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(True) The main criticism on the theory is its flawed logic

Very true as seen in line 13 of the passage
(True) Economic Peace Theory states that increased economic exchange help avoid conflict
Very true as seen in the last line of the passage

Q15

Which two of these statements must be true?

(False)The first to espouse the idea of democratic peace was a French philosopher, Kant
Immanuel Kant is a German philosopher and not a French philosopher
(False) According to Kant majority will vote to go to war unless in self defence
The passage in line 3 and 4 states otherwise
(True) The Spanish American war was cited to down play the effectiveness of
democratic peace theory
Very true as seen in line 12 of the passage
(True) Opponents argue on the frequent attacks on non-democracies by democracies
Very true as seen in the last 5 lines of the passage

Q16

Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) Dean Babst found statistical evidence showing democracies do not fight in wars
The passage says nothing of any evidence proving or disproving that democracies get
involved in any war, for example against non democracies
(Cannot say) The main derivatives of the democratic peace theory is the economic peace theory

The passage mentioned economic peace theory as a derivative of democratic peace theory
but it never mentioned if it is the main derivative
(True) No consensus was arrived at to determine the best position
Proper analysis of the passage, shows this as true
(True) Liberal democracies never, or rarely, go to war against each other
Very true as seen in line 1 of the passage

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The debate over the British Museums Parthenon sculptures, also called the
Elgin Marbles, has run for nearly two centuries. Marble statues were
removed with official permission from the ruins of the Parthenon in 1801
by Lord Elgin, the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. He sold
these ancient Greek treasures to the British Museum in 1816, where they
have been housed ever since. Today, five million visitors from around the
world visit the sculptures, free of charge, at the British Museum. Since
gaining independence in 1830, however, the Greek government has argued
for their return to Athens. Historically, the Hellenic position centred on
ownership, claiming that Lord Elgin bribed authorities to acquire the
marbles illegally. The counterargument is that Lord Elgin saved these
classical treasures from neglect. Greece no longer disputes the British
Museums ownership, but states that the sculptures should be loaned to the
New Acropolis Museum in Athens, where they would be reunited with other
surviving sculptures and displayed in their proper geographic and cultural
context. Despite public sympathy for the return of the Elgin marbles, the
British Museum believes that the Parthenon marbles are part of shared
world heritage and thus should be widely accessible. Furthermore, returning
the Parthenon statues would set a precedent for returning other artefacts to
their land of origin.

Q17

Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) The British Museum believes that the Parthenon sculptures transcend national
boundaries.
Yes, they believe that the marbles are part of shared world heritage meaning
that individual nations should not claim more of an ownership over other nations
(Cannot say) Prior to 1830, Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire.
The statement above was never stated out rightly in the passage, so we cannot assume it
is true
(True) There is public sympathy for the return of the Elgin marbles.
Very true as seen in the last 5 lines of the passage
(False) Lord Elgin did not sell the sculptures but saved it by donation to British museum
Line 4 and 5 of the passage confirm that he actually sold it

Q18

Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) Lord Elgin bribed authorities to acquire the Parthenon sculptures
This is not a stated fact in the passage but claims
(True) Elgin Marbles debate has lasted for closely twenty years.
Very true as seen in line 2

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(False) Parthenon marbles were removed autocratically by Lord Elgin

Line 3 of the passage says it was removed with official permission
(True) The Creek gained independence in 1803
Very true as seen in the passage

Q19

Which two of these statements must be true?

(False) The British public cannot understand why the Greek government want the
marbles returned
The ninth sentence states that the british public have sympathy for the return of the
Elgin marbles, so it means that they understand why they might be wanted back

(False) Today, five million Greeks visit the sculptures, free of charge at British museum
The passage says that five million visitors from around the world visit the sculptures
(True) Greece now wants the sculptures on loan
Very true as seen in line 14 of the passage
(True) Greece no longer disputes the British Museums ownership
Very true as seen in line 12

Q20

Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot Say) Parthenon surviving marble are divided between the British and
the New Acropolis Museum.
Whilst we are told that there are Parthenon marbles in British Museum and other
surviving sculptures in New Acropolis Museum, the passage does not specify that these
are the only remaining Parthenon statues.
(False) Greeks believe that the Elgin Marbles technically do not belong to the British Museum

The seventh sentence states Greece no longer disputes the British Museums ownership
(True) Greece did not give a time frame for the loan of the sculptures
Very true as seen in line 15 and 16 of the passage
(True) Yielding to the Greece demands may set precedence for other artefacts return
Very true as seen in the last line of the passage

-- End of Test --

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