Congressional Research Service Informing the legislative debate since 1914 — Annual Report of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress for Fiscal Year 2014 to the Joint Committee on the Library United States Congress Pursuant to Section 321 Public Law 91-510 Mary B. Mazanec Director March 2015 CRS REPORT Prepared for Members and Committees of CongressCONTENTS 1. CRS SERVICE TO CONGRESS Legislative Support to Congress Indicators of CRS Performance and Productivity... FY2014 CRS Service to Congres a Snaps. Outline of This Report : I. LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT TO CONGRESS Major Issues of the Year ... Foreign Relations, Defense, and Trade Domestic Social Policy.... Government and the Economy Resources, Industry, and the Environment. Law and Justice .. Il. MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES .... Product and Service Enhancements . Web Site Improvements .. Congress.gov Accomplishment Program Planning .. ‘New Support for CRS Staff . APPENDIXES FY2014: The CRS Centennial Year . FY2014 Budget, Resources, and Other Funding . Workforce Management and Staff Development ‘Types of CRS Support to Congress: Research Ser CRS Organizational Structure CRS Organizational Chart .. Listing of All Senior Level Positions by Title, Grade Level, and Incumbent at the Beginning and End of FY2014 . Listing of All Specialist and Senior Specialist Personnel Actions Listing of All Senior Level Position Changes in FY2014 ... New CRS Products in FY2014 ices and Products ... FY2014 Hom osmoom>I. CRS SERVICE TO CONGRESS The Congressional Research Service (CRS) serves Congress by providing comprehensive and. reliable legislative research and analysis that is timely, objective, authoritative, and confidential through all stages of the legislative process. Completing its 100th year of service in FY2014, CRS takes pride in its tradition of informing Congress by providing substantive analytical support for public policy issues and legislative proposals, tailored confidential memoranda, and personal consultations and briefings to address pressing issues on the congressional agenda, This report summarizes selected CRS milestones in legislative assistance for FY2014 and highlights forward-looking management initiatives to streamline operations and explore new ways to improve efficiency. LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT TO CONGRESS The year was marked by challenges in domestic public policy including the federal debt and deficit, banking and financial regulation, the Keystone XL Pipeline, hydraulic fracturing, unaccompanied alien children, drought in the Southwest, and the 2014 farm bill. Equally challenging were foreign policy decisions concerning conflicts in the Middle East, international trade, the Ebola outbreak in western Africa, and relations with Russia, China, and alliances in Asia, For all public policy issues, Congress could rely on the authoritative, objective, timely, and confidential support that CRS offered at each stage of the legislative process. Going forward, the CRS research planning process identified and anticipated 140 policy issues that may be on the agenda for the First Session of the 114th Congress, INDICATORS OF CRS PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY In FY2014 Members and committees received analysis and information from CRS through nearly 593,000 requests for products and services, including approximately 62,000 requests for custom analysis and research. In addition, approximately 7,500 congressional participants attended more than 200 CRS seminars, institutes, and training sessions, By the end of the fiscal year CRS produced more than 1,000 new reports and other online products, including about 160 Insights, new short-form analyses of the key issues. During congressional searches for information on the Services Web site, CRS products were opened and viewed more than 656,000 times. CRS analysts summarized more than 6,000 bill versions for Congress.gov and the Legislative Information System. CRS served 100 percent of Member and standing committee offices. The following table provides more details of CRS performance.FY2014 CRS SERVICE TO CONGRESS: A SNAPSHOT ‘The following are selected data on products and services provided to Congress during FY2014, These data ate derived from the CRS request management system, Web metrics application, and other applications that measure output, CRS support for Congress also comes in the form of personal client interactions that may not always be captured by these systems. PRODUCTS AND PROGRAMS Custom Responses Confidential Memoranda 2,955 In-person Briefings, Consultations and Testimony 4,525 ‘Telephone Responses 26,658 Email Responses 24,187 Background and Miscellaneous 3,175 Total Custom Responses 61,500 ‘New CRS Reports and other General Distribution Products 1,099 CRS Reports and other Product Updates 2,534 Bill Summaries in LIS/Congress.g0v 6,027 Seminars, Institute, Training Participation by Clients 7,529 Total Products Prepared and Program Participation 78,689 WEB ACTIVITY Client Page Views on CRS.gov 2,250,084 CRS Report and General Distribution Product Views 656,405 Appropriations Status Table Views 54,868 Legal Sidebar Views 41,050 Find an Analyst Page Views 7,594 Video Views (Video Briefs and Recorded Events) 4,663 MyCRS Subscriptions (approximate active users at year end) 2,300 OTHER DATA CRS Reports and Product Titles Available at Year End 9,687 ‘Member/Standing Committee Offices Provided Custom Services! 100% ' Percentage for which at least one custom service was provided during the year, rounded to the nearest one percent, OUTLINE OF THIS REPORT Highlights of FY2014 analysis are presented in the following pages in the context of issues faced by Congress. A description is then presented of new management initiatives. Because this year is noteworthy as a time of anniversary celebrations, the report includes an appendix on the centennial activities of CRS. The report concludes with appendixes providing background information on CRS services and products, CRS organizational structure, and staff and budget data for the year.II. LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT TO CONGRESS CRS support for Congress in FY2014 took place throughout all stages of the legislative process and across the full range of active public policy issues. CRS assisted in examining the nature and extent of problems facing Congress; identified and assessed policy options; assisted with hearings on poliey proposals and on implementation of existing policies; supported congressional review of nomination and treaties; and provided products, consultations, and briefings to address issues on the legislative agenda. Below are highlights of CRS support for Congress in FY2014. MAJOR ISSUES OF THE YEAR The Budget, Debt, and Deficit, Throughout the year CRS provided analytical support on numerous policy issues related to the federal debt and deficit. Early in the year CRS assisted lawmakers during the continuing congressional debate over the FY2014 federal budget, including broad analysis of budget trends and the impact of recent legislation, as well as the impact of the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P-L. 112-25) on federal spending. Later in the year Congress considered legislation addressing certain provisions of the Act, specifically the reductions to spending implemented as part of the sequestration process and the potential consequences of reaching, and not raising, the debt limit. CRS experts provided ongoing support to the congressional debate on efforts to achieve short- and long-term fiscal goals through analysis of the long-term sustainability of the debt and deficit. Taxation. As Congress developed a comprehensive draft tax reform plan, CRS analysts prepared background memoranda and provided briefings describing and analyzing elements of the draft reform proposal. They supported lawmakers on a number of corporate tax-related proposals, particularly international corporate migration and provided answers to questions such as how far the corporate rate could be reduced, what corporate revenue raisers existed, how businesses would change their structure in response to reform, and how American multinational corporations avoid taxes. As Congress began debate on temporary tax preferences (“tax extenders”), CRS analyzed the revenue, distributional, and macroeconomic effects of various legislative proposals to extend all or a portion of these provisions. Experts assisted with taxation of the energy sector by helping identify mechanisms to offset the high front-end cost of renewable energy and infrastructure projects, CRS attorneys advised on 501(¢)(4) organizations, taxation of Internet sales, and corporate inversions. Banking and Financial Regulation. Congress devoted considerable attention to oversight of the administrative implementation of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (P.L. 111-203). CRS experts addressed numerous state and federal enforcement actions against, and legal settlements with, financial institutions stemming from their mortgage servicing and mortgage-backed securities activities. Legal experts also assisted during congressional deliberations on the reauthorization of the Export-Import Bank and addressed the digital currency Bitcoin in anticipation of hearings on the issue.Government Procurement, Government procurement is a topic of perennial interest to lawmakers, given the magnitude of federal spending on procurement contracts. CRS attorneys provided continuing assistance including products and briefings on important court decisions, small business contracting, domestic content restrictions, and the impact of an impending shutdown on government contracts, CRS experts addressed the roll-out of HealthCare.gov and the President’s plan to increase the minimum wage for contractor employees. CRS also assisted with concerns about Buy America, project labor agreements, and strategic sourcing. The Middle East. Teams of CRS experts responded to congressional requests for assessments of policy options to address conflicts in Syria and Iraq. Among the concems were challenges posed by the radical jihadist terrorism group, the Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL); sectarian and ethno-based regional pressures potentially fragmenting Iraq; and diverse human rights threats, CRS also assessed other problems including disposal of Syria's chemical weapons, foreign fighters in Iraq and Syria, and the roles of key regional actors such as Turkey, Iran, the Gulf States, and global U.S. partners. In other areas of the Middle East CRS helped Congress monitor and interpret the armed conflict in Gaza between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas, assisted with proposed legislation including sanctions on Iran, and explored the possible future of Iran’s nuclear program and implications of Iranian military involvement in Iraq and Syria Experts also assessed deteriorating political and security crises in Libya, supported hearings on the Benghazi attacks, and provided in-depth analysis on diplomatic security issues. Relations with Russia, China, and Alliances in Asia. Congress drew on CRS expertise to help navigate through the pro-Russia uprising in eastern Ukraine, assess actions Congress could take against Russia, and explore other elements of U.S.-Russian relations, including Iran's nuclear program, Russia’s opposition to U.S. and NATO missile defense plans in Europe, and Moscow’s backing of the Asad regime in Syria. CRS helped Members interpret China's willingness to partner with the United States in addressing global challenges, from economic crises to climate change, nuclear nonproliferation, and terrorism. Analysts also assessed China's human rights record and evaluated whether Chinese economic policies and cyberintrusions complicate U.S. efforts to help U.S. firms stay globally competitive. Given China’s emergence and other challenges, U.S. relations with formal allies in Asia (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand) and elsewhere (including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam) remained areas of focus in legislative and oversight activity. To assist with these matters, CRS assessed the administration’ implementation of its strategy of rebalancing to Asia and the Pacific and addressed U.S economic and security priorities including the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership, nuclear cooperation, and North Korea’s nuclear and missile programs. Other CRS support focused on the realignment of U.S. Marines from Okinawa to Guam, environmental and food security issues, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to victims following the impact of Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines. Foreign Affairs and Defense Budgets. CRS analysts covering the defense and international affairs budgets continued to provide support on budget and appropriations topics during a particularly unusual fiseal year. Experts responded to requests on the government shutdown and produced new analysis on funding levels for FY2014, They continuously examined in depth the FY2015 budget request and appropriations activity. Given the range of conflicts around theworld, CRS analyzed the potential impact of sequestration-mandated reduced spending on issues associated with U.S. defense policy, spending priorities, and overseas military operations, especially in the Middle East. CRS also assessed issues stemming from reauthorization of the Defense Production Act. International Trade and Economics. A major focus for Congress during FY2014 was keeping track of the status and progress of international free trade agreements under consideration. CRS assisted Congress as lawmakers monitored negotiations of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the comprehensive free trade negotiation among the United States and eleven Asia-Pacific nations. CRS also actively supported Congress during the second year of negotiations of the U.S.-EU Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) and helped assess the role of U.S. Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) in U.S. trade policy. Ebola, While not a new global health phenomenon, the outbreak of Ebola in western Africa became a key international concern due to its rapid spread, the growing number of victims, and bleak outlook for containment. Through assessments of the diverse health, economic, and political impacts of Ebola threats posed to Aftica, the international community, and its potential introduction into the United States, CRS analysts responded to widespread congressional inquiries and analyzed the reprogramming of Department of Defense funding for President Obama's directive to deploy U.S. troops to help countries fighting to control the virus. CRS experts also analyzed federal efforts to develop, test, and deploy medical countermeasures domestically and internationally; federal, state, and local medical response capabilities; and potential international travel restrictions. Religious Freedom and Health Care. Among the contentious issues before the 113th Congress, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 110-48), and in particular its requirement that employers provide contraceptive coverage, were of considerable interest. Employers with religious objections to contraception objected that the requirement infringed on their First Amendment right to freedom of religion and the protections afforded by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (P-L. 103-141). Although the ACA provided a religious conscience exemption, CRS attomeys played a critical role, following the Supreme Court decision in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, in keeping Congress informed as the issue evolved and addressing the confusion regarding how this exemption applied, who was covered under it, and whether coverage encompassed all persons who objected on religious grounds to providing contraceptive coverage. Unaccompanied Alien Children. The year saw an unprecedented influx of immigrant children, primarily from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, which raised complex and competing humanitarian concems and immigration control issues. CRS experts assisted Members in both chambers by answering questions to address the escalating problem, including providing numbers and demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics of the children; their reasons for coming to the United States and conditions in their home countries; and the responses of federal and other levels of government to their arrival. CRS helped explore which federal agencies have responsibility for the custody of the children, types of immigration relief available, and mechanisms to expedite the processing of the children. Attorneys provided advice on numerous legal issues including the basis for asylum, the right to counsel, access to state-issued ID, in-state tuition, and financial aid by unlawfully present aliens.Poverty. Because this year marked the S0th anniversary of the nation’s War on Poverty launched by President Lyndon Johnson, there was focused congressional attention on the 43.5 million Americans living in poverty and heightened interest in analyzing how poverty can be addressed. CRS identified and analyzed programs and policies to alleviate poverty, with attention to their costs, participants, and effects. Two new reports provided insight: One identifying reourring themes in policy debates in the past, the other discussing poverty through both the minimum wage and federally funded earnings supplements such as the earned income tax credit. Employment and Training. As Congress considered and ultimately enacted the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA, P.L. 113-128), which reauthorized many programs and activities included under the Workforce Investment Act (WIA, P.L. 105-220), CRS analyzed and briefed Congress on issues including benefits for dislocated workers, program operations and designs, funding allocation procedures, the relationship among varied federal education and training programs, and program performance measures. CRS also reviewed, analyzed, and commented on reauthorization proposals under consideration in both chambers. Attomeys advised lawmakers on the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. Sec. 151) and the organizing effort of student athletes at Northwestern University. Regulations and Rulemaking. CRS provided consultation, presentations, and written products to Congress as it focused on the issuance and implementation of rules promulgated by federal agencies. Much of this assistance involved explaining and evaluating the executive orders and statutory requirements that govern the rulemaking process, analyzing proposals that would change that process, identifying and tracking particular regulations from specific agencies or statutes, and examining specific types of regulations such as “major” or “economically significant” regulations. Assistance with the Legislative Process. CRS experts specializing in legislative process helped Members and staff understand complex congressional rules and practices related to the consideration of legislation from initial introduction through enactment of laws. Of particular note was assistance to Senate offices concerning methods for changing Senate rules or their interpretation, including both changes adopted at the beginning of the 113th Congress and actions characterized as the “nuclear option” that reinterpreted the application of the Senate’s cloture rule. The 2014 Farm Bill. After more than two years of legislative debate, Congress enacted the Agriculture Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-79) in February 2014. The new law replaces the 2008 farm bill, eliminates “direct payments” to farmers, and reinstates a new form of farm safety net. CRS support spanned the various legislative proposals in policy areas including farm commodity support, conservation, trade, rural development, nutrition, credit, energy, livestock, horticulture and organic agriculture, and research. Committees and Members called on CRS to explain the intricacies of current farm and food policy and to help identify and analyze policy issues. In addition to providing a suite of reports, tailored briefings, and seminars on related policy issues, CRS experts explained how the farm bill fits into the overall budgetary situation, how legislative proposals were scored, and how sequestration and budget agreements affect farm bill spending. ‘Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The farm bill also reauthorized SNAP and related nutrition programs. CRS helped lawmakers understand competing proposals andexplained the implications of compromise positions reflected in current law, such as how the changes in benefit calculation law can be expected to impact SNAP recipients in particular states. To inform congressional discussion of changes in policies related to the SNAP employment and training program CRS experts contributed background and analysis on how ‘work requirements operate in other federal programs. Veterans Issues, CRS analysts supported Congress as it enacted the Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-146) by assisting conference committees in both chambers as they negotiated differences, producing written products on topies such as wait times at VA facilities, defining the population of veterans who use VA health services, reporting on satisfaction with services at VA facilities, and describing options for veterans to obtain health care outside the VA system. CRS experts kept Congress abreast of policy changes at the VA that contributed to the claims backlog and the VA plan to eliminate the backlog. The Service also provided information to Members as they responded to thousands of constituent requests pertaining to service delivery needs: health care, employment, education, housing, and social services. Preventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families. As Congress considered bills to combat human trafficking touching on child welfare, federal foster care and adoption, law enforcement, and criminal justice, CRS helped define the population to whom the sex trafficking policies would apply, amend criminal justice policy to obstruct trafficking, and develop policy to provide penalties for knowingly advertising offers of commercial sex acts. CRS also modeled iterations of a new incentive structure payment that would more accurately gauge state performance regarding achieving permanency for children through adoption or legal guardianship, Near the end of the fiscal year the President signed into law the Preventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families Act (P.L. 113-183). Keystone XL Pipeline. Congressional debate on the merits and potential risks of the Keystone XL Pipeline continued throughout the fiscal year, CRS assisted Congress with analytical reports and support for floor action on several bills in the House that would address the Keystone XL Pipeline and the State Department’s authority to approve or deny permits, including bills that would legislatively approve the project, obviating the need for a Presidential permit. A bill including this approach, along with numerous other energy-related provisions, ppassed the house in September 2014. Drought. Recurrent drought and periodic flooding challenge water resource managers and affect the management of federal infrastructure and related resources. The severe drought in the Southwest forced federal water supply facilities to reduce and ih some cases suspend water deliveries. CRS assisted Congress as it considered responses to the drought, which affected much of the West, particularly California and Texas, with written reports, memoranda, and briefing papers on drought conditions. Experts also held numerous briefings and workshops for various state delegations and other lawmakers interested in drought response. Surface Transportation. The law authorizing federal highway and public transportation programs was scheduled to expire at the end of the fiscal year. Because federal taxes dedicated to these programs do not generate sufficient revenue to support the current level of spending, Congress was focused on exploring ways to attract private capital to build transportationinfrastructure, CRS analysis emphasized that private financing is feasible for a relatively small number of transportation projects, and that most projects will continue to require public funding. Congress was unable to resolve the financial issues and instead approved an eight-month extension of existing surface transportation programs. Hydraulic Fracturing, Within the past several years wells drilled with the use of hydraulic fracturing have tumed North Dakota into the country’s second-largest oil-producing state. Most production areas are not served by long-distance pipelines, and the oil must be transported to refineries in railroad tank cars, A number of high-profile accidents, some causing fatalities, prompted Congress to address the risks of transporting oil by rail. CRS experts supported several congressional committees investigating the situation, helped Members understand emergency measures and proposed regulatory action by the Federal Railroad Administration, the Pipelines and Hazardous Materials Administration, and the Surface Transportation Board. CRS attorneys briefed Congress on the use of chemical additives in hydraulic fracturing and chemical disclosure requirements as well as requirements imposed by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 42 U.S.C. Secs. 4321-4347). FOREIGN RELATIONS, DEFENSE, AND TRADE Authorization for the Use of Force and War Powers. Ongoing concems of lawmakers about the legislative basis for overseas counterterrorism-related operations were elevated in mid-2014 after the start of U.S.-led military operations in Iraq and later Syria. Members of Congress have raised questions about the continued applicability of the 2001 Authorization for the Use of Force (AUMF, P.L. 107-40), enacted after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, including concerns about whether the authorization should be amended or repealed. Many questions arose about presidential authority to undertake such actions and the potential applicability of provisions in the War Powers Resolution to limit use of U.S. armed forces without congressional authorization, CRS analysts and attomeys supported congressional hearings and considerations of legislative proposals by examining the law concerning congressional authorization of the use of force, allocation of war powers between Congress and the President, and proposals affecting the detention and trial of persons captured in the conflict with Al Qaeda. Africa, CRS analysts assisted congressional monitoring and oversight of threats throughout Africa, including attacks by radical jihadist terrorist groups and armed civil conflicts in the Central African Republic, South Sudan, and elsewhere. Analysts examined the roots and impacts of these crises and resulting security challenges; they also addressed evolving U.S. policies regarding application of U.S. power to prevent and address genocide and other mass atrocities. Beyond these ongoing conflicts, CRS supported congressional interest in U.S.-Affican trade and investment cooperation, proposals relating to electrification in Africa, oversight of the Obama Administration's Power Africa Initiative, and understanding of key policy issues in the ‘Administration's September 2014 U.S.-Aftican Leaders Summit. Latin America and the Caribbean. Congress called on CRS throughout the year on a wide range of policy issues pertaining to Latin America and the Caribbean. These included requests for analyses in preparation for oversight hearings on such issues as overall U.S. interests in LatinAmerica, the nature and extent of Iranian influence there, challenges to democracy in Venezuela and elsewhere, and energy partnerships and opportunities. Asia. CRS kept lawmakers informed regarding development of democracy in other nations, a Jong-standing congressional concer. As India conducted the largest democratic exercise in history in May, CRS evaluated the impact of the election on US. political, economic, and security relations. In part because the new prime minister's party maintains a Hindu nationalist ideology, CRS analyzed the status of religious freedom in India, As Indonesia chose its second directly elected president since 1998, continuing the nation’s transition from dictatorship to democracy, Congress sought to evaluate the impact on U.S. interests, CRS experts analyzed how Indonesia’s size and economic vibrancy influence issues such as trade and investment, liberalization, nonproliferation, maritime security, and human rights. CRS also assisted with political and military issues related to Pakistan, security and economic issues resulting from the military coup in Thailand, and political reform in Burma. Arms Control and Nonproliferation. Congress called on CRS experts for assistance on a broad range of nuclear and conventional arms control and proliferation issues, including destruction of Syria’s chemical weapons; Russian noncompliance with the Intermediate Nuclear Forces (IMF) Treaty; the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards for countries pursuing nonmilitary nuclear programs; civilian nuclear cooperation agreements with Taiwan, Vietnam, and South Korea; and the nuclear force structure under the New Strategie Arms Limitation (START) Treaty. Experts reported on options and strategies to implement the Department of Defense’s plan to produce plutonium cores of nuclear weapons, analyzed the implications of both U.S. arms sales to foreign countries and worldwide arms transfers, consulted with lawmakers on the application of the Arms Export Control Act (P.L. 94-329) to countries like Jordan and Ukraine, and examined implications of the Administration’s decision to sign the Ottawa Treaty prohibiting the use of land mines. Cybersecurity. CRS analysts assisted Congress by shaping concepts and issues surrounding defense-related cybersecurity threats. Attomeys organized seminars on pending cybersecurity legislation including information sharing, liability, Department of Homeland Security authorities, and criminal penalties for hacking. Experts analyzed proposed cybersecurity bills and Department of Defense and intelligence community cyber programs. Military Procurement and Defense Acquisition Reform. During debate over FY2015 defense authorization and defense appropriation CRS continued to provide analysis on weapon- related issues including the proposed retirement of Air Force A-10 aircraft, the Navy’s 30-year shipbuilding plan, and the cost of nuclear weapons. Analysts provided expert testimony on multi- year acquisition programs, the Navy’s UCLASS unmanned aerial vehicle, and the replacement of Coast Guard cutters, as well as Department of Defense weapon systems cost overruns and general efficiencies in acquisition practices. CRS also assisted with the oversight process as Congress addressed the Department of Defense use of government contractors to support military operations overseas, Military Health. Congress remains concerned about issues related to health care provided to military service members, military retirees, veterans, and their dependents and survivors. Years of overseas deployments in theaters of war have resulted in cases of amputations, brain injuries,10 and stress injuries, Many congressional concems centered on assessing the adequacy of providing specialized benefits for such combat injuries in an era of budget constraints. In response, CRS examined issues related to post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems in the military, and the interface between active duty TRICARE and veterans VA health care. Intelligence. Some of the intelligence issues CRS addressed this past year included evaluating the need to balance the level of intelligence activities with difficult budget choices in an era of budget reductions as well as understanding the dimensions of the complex relationship between Congress and the intelligence community and periodic disagreements about reporting certain covert actions and other intelligence activities. To assist with these matters CRS experts, provided an extensive series of congressional briefings on topics including the evolution of intelligence community oversight, creation of intelligence community oversight committees, the role of the Director of National Intelligence, and the intelligence community budget programs and process. DOMESTIC SOCIAL POLICY The Affordable Care Act and Health Care Reform. Congress continued to examine and debate key issues related to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.-L. 111-148 as amended), CRS experts provided overviews of the law’s provisions and analysis of relevant federal regulations, guidance, and other administrative policies regarding private insurance (e.g., operation of health insurance exchanges), public programs (.g., Medicaid expansion), and health delivery issues, CRS addressed implementation of the ACA (e.g., new programs and grants, financing, the impacts on stakeholders), and analyzed legislative proposals that would modify or repeal ACA. Assistance with legal challenges included the law’s provisions addressing health care fraud and abuse and response to the Supreme Court’s decision in the Hobby Lobby case. Information professionals maintained a collaborative center by monitoring health reform issues and compiling current and emerging legislation and litigation resources. Federal Health Insurance Programs. Congress enacted legislation to maintain Medicare physician payments at current levels and extended or modified several Medicare and Medicaid programs and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Throughout the process CRS analysts evaluated proposed policies and prepared legislative support documents to identify the impact of incentives and structural changes in payment on providers, beneficiaries, and the federal budget. CRS experts provided analytic support to lawmakers on physician quality ‘measurement and on implications of measurement issues such as the risk adjustment of quality ‘measures for patient-level characteristics across the Medicare program. Federal Pensions, Congress called on CRS as it continued to explore ways to reduce the federal deficit by altering federal retirement systems, including the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS), the Federal Employees’ Retirement System (FERS), and smaller federal pension systems, CRS supported these efforts by analyzing legislative proposals related to federal pensions, comparing the proposals to current law, examining altemative federalul retirement policy options, and assisting with congressional hearings. CRS also addressed financing retirement benefits for U.S. Postal Service employees. Retirement Income Security. Retirement security issues continue to be concerns for Congress. CRS experts compiled information on participation by U.S. workers in retirement plans and on U.S. household retirement wealth holdings. They assisted as Congress undertook efforts to modify the interest rates that pension plans use to calculate the value of the plans’ liabilities, evaluated proposals to increase or change the structure of premiums that pension plan sponsors pay to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), and interpreted the complexities of multiemployer-defined benefit pension plans, some of which are scheduled to expire at the end of 2014. CRS also analyzed the effect that the insolvency of some multiemployer defined benefit pension plans would have on the PBGC’s multiemployer insurance program. Unemployment Compensation. Unemployment insurance continued to be a focus of congressional attention as overall unemployment rates declined but remained high in many states, Demand for benefits remained elevated as the December 2013 expiration date for Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC08) benefits approached and passed. During this period CRS consulted with lawmakers and analyzed numerous proposals, including those to extend the temporary unemployment insurance (UI) provisions and proposals to prohibit people from concurrent receipt of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits and UI benefits. Experts also addressed UI provisions contained in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (P.L. 113- 67), and supported congressional committees as they constructed measures to provide payments of unemployment compensation for federal employees following the government shutdown, The Federal Disability Program (SSDI). As Congress expressed concern about the financial condition of the SSDI, which is projected to be exhausted in calendar year 2016, lawmakers scheduled a series of hearings for which CRS experts provided background and technical information on trust fund exhaustion. CRS outlined various short-term options to avoid the exhaustion of the trust fund and provided both legislative and analytical support during development of a new SSDI integrity bill. Older Americans Act. CRS assisted Congress as it reauthorized the Older Americans Act Amendments of 2006 (P.L. 109-365) that expired at the end of FY2011. Analysts and information professionals provided consultation, authored memoranda, and reported on various topics such as home-delivered and congregate nutrition services, statutory funding formulas, and appropriations. They also provided bipartisan briefings and assisted during congressional hearings and committee markups. Elementary and Secondary Education Act. As lawmakers considered legislation to amend and extend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (originally enacted in 1965, P-L. 89-10, and most recently amended and reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, P.L. 107- 110), CRS provided analytical support for development and refinement of proposals to alter the grant-making approaches, the funding allocation procedures, and the education accountability provisions enacted under the No Child Left Behind Act, Analysts and attomeys also worked to clarify the nature and extent of federal support of the Common Core State Standards Initiative,12 Student Financial Aid and Privacy of Data. CRS supported Congress as Members contemplated comprehensive Higher Education Act (P.L. 89-329) reauthorization proposals, adjustments to student loan repayment benefits, and changes to the campus-based aid programs. Support included simulating the effects of various changes to the federal need analysis formula, analyzing alternative student loan refinancing policy options, and estimating the effects of making changes to income-based student loan repayment benefits. Experts also prepared a compendium of federal student loan forgiveness and repayment benefits and examined the relationship between federal student aid and college prices. CRS attomeys were consulted on whether the privacy of student data is sufficiently protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. See. 1232g). GOVERNMENT AND THE ECONOMY Appropriations. A CRS interdivisional team of analysts produce annual appropriation reports and respond to cross-cutting appropriations requests. The team also maintains and updates the online Appropriations Status Table, which Congress relied upon during the government shutdown of October 2013 to keep track of the various efforts and resolve the legislative impasse over funding for FY2014, Analysts provided close consultative support on issues ranging from procedural questions on how to navigate the impasse, to the history of funding gaps and shutdowns, to the operating status of individual agencies and programs. CRS attorneys advised lawmakers on appropriations law, the federal budget, debt limit, and retroactive pay for furloughed government employees, as well as the impact of a funding lapse on implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Legislative Branch Appropriations. CRS continued to provide research and information assistance as Congress considered the annual legislative branch appropriations acts. Support included research on challenges in estimating the cost of individual congressional activities, advice to offices on administering the Member Representational Allowance, comparison of legislative branch and total discretionary budget authority, and analysis of staffing levels and policies as well as issues related to legislative branch appropriations, such as structure, cost of various programs, history, and funding, Budget Process. Congress drew on CRS expertise as it examined issues related to the budget process, including understanding the relationship between congressional actions and funding gaps, the impact of budgetary control mechanisms on consideration of current budgetary legislation, and continuing resolutions. Analysts assisted with issues related to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-67) when Congress considered measures to bring spending transparency such as the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act (DATA Act, P.L. 113- 101). Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy. Throughout the year CRS experts prepared and maintained a portfolio of written products analyzing issues related to monetary policy and Federal Reserve actions and supported hearings and markups. Among the congressional efforts for which lawmakers called on CRS were legislation to subject the Federal Reserve to an audit by the Government Accountability Office and to require a study of the Federal Reserve's reserve1B requirements, and confirmation of a new Federal Reserve chair and governors, as well as hearings addressing large-scale asset purchases (“quantitative easing”), and regulation of large financial firms, ‘Systemic Risk and Too-Big-to-Fail Financial Institutions. CRS supported legislation and congressional oversight as Congress deliberated the problem of too-big-to-fail financial institutions and other sources of systemic risk. Among the issues debated by lawmakers for which CRS assistance was sought were whether financial reform legislation would be sufficient or whether additional or alternative policy approaches were needed, and what actions would be needed to place a moratorium on the designation of “systemically important financial institutions” and exempt large insurers from bank capital standards. Housing Finance, The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), together with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, have continued to dominate the mortgage market, with less lending being done by the private market than in the recent past. As Congress examined this situation and introduced legislation to address its concerns in both chambers, CRS economists and legislative attorneys assisted Members with reform of the mortgage finance system, including preparation of written products analyzing options regarding the future disposition of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the possible reform of FHA, and other mortgage market issues. Congressional Administration. Efficient administration and management of the legislative branch are essential to Congress in carrying out its legislative, oversight, and representational responsibilities. Throughout the year CRS research in this area focused on Member demographics, congressional mass communication and mailings, commemorative works in the District of Columbia, technology management in Congress, congressional service tenure, staff pay, and managing congressional offices during lapses in appropriations. CRS experts provided briefings on a range of topics including administrative processes, congressional ethics, ‘government information creation and dissemination, and casework. Attorneys from the Service provided advice on the constitutional foundation for oversight activities, tools for conducting oversight, limitations on congressional authority to access information, and application of the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-inerimination in congressional proceedings. Federal Pay and Personnel. CRS experts provided Congress with briefings and written analysis on a range of issues related to the management and administration of the federal workforce, Support included assistance with various appointment authorities, position classification standards and qualification requirements for selected positions, federal pay schedules, pay adjustment processes, locality pay adjustments over time, freezes on pay rates, critical pay authority, and performance awards and other types of awards and incentives. Other assistance included analyses covering the workforce characteristics of selected departments and agencies, policies governing furloughs, reductions in force, hiring flexibilities and removal procedures, telework, and approaches for recruiting and retaining an effective information technology and cybersecurity workforce. Federal Grants Management, The current federal fiscal situation has led to renewed congressional interest in grants management, specifically unobligated balances in expired grants accounts, pre- and post-award oversight, transparency, and the design and inherent mechanics of specific federal grants. CRS analysts prepared new products on the effect of funding delays on4 federal grants management, delayed close-out of federal grants, and is: ‘transparency in implementing certain provisions of the Digital Accountability and Transparency ‘Act of 2014 (P-L. 113-101). They helped develop ideas and conceptualized strategies for improving the performance and oversight of federal grants and supported hearings with ‘numerous consultations, reviews of draft legislation, and production of confidential memoranda Government Information Policy. Congress regularly consulted with CRS regarding access to and protection of government information. CRS experts reported on the legal framework related to the protection of classified information, legal access to federal records, the collection and retention of presidential records, criminal prohibitions on the publication of classified information, and public access to data generated by federally funded research. Analysts answered requests seeking data on Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, 5 U.S.C. Sec. 552) processing and policies and the creation and operations of the federal government's more than 1,000 federal advisory committees, which provide the public an opportunity to participate in the policymaking process. Campaign Finance and Election Reform. Congress called on CRS expertise as both chambers held hearings on the enforcement of campaign finance law and a proposed constitutional amendment that would permit Congress and the states to strengthen regulation of campaign finance. CRS research supported a markup of legislation to require electronic filing of Senate campaign finance reports, as well as enactment of legislation eliminating public financing of presidential nominating conventions. Congress consulted CRS analysts as it held hearings on voter registration issues, improving election administration, examining the recommendations of the Presidential Commission on Election Administration, and military and overseas voting. CRS also assisted during congressional consideration of proposed changes to the Voting Rights Act (P.L. 89-110) in light of recent Supreme Court decisions. Census Bureau, Apportionment, and Redistricting. CRS legal and policy experts prepared analyses and provided briefings as lawmakers addressed concems related to Census Bureau operations and appropriations, 2020 decennial census plans and testing, the American Community Survey, and the redistricting process. Specific issues of interest included the need to contro! decennial census costs, Member and public perceptions of the American Community Survey, and redistricting in relation to the Voting Rights Act. Executive Branch Organization. Congress called on CRS to analyze legislative proposals to reassign executive branch statutory functions, alter agency leadership arrangements, and rearrange the federal bureaucracy. These efforts included background research and analysis concerning proposals to abolish agencies and functions and to reduce the size of the federal government, CRS assistance included evaluation of alternative approaches to interagency coordination of policymaking and implementation in such areas as national security and homeland security as well as refinement of proposals for the creation of national commissions and similar temporary study panels whose task would be to examine policy issues and developments. Judicial Selection and Confirmation. CRS assisted the Senate as it addressed the judicial appointment process and issues related to administration and appropriations levels for the judiciary. A team of information professionals tracked judicial nominations using the CRS15 intemal judicial nominations database. The database enables CRS to quickly respond to congressional inquiries about the status of current and past judicial nominations as well as provides statistics and accompanying analysis related to the judicial appointment process. Inspectors General, Members of Congress consulted with CRS on numerous occasions seeking information related to federal inspectors general (IGs), including the appropriation levels provided to IG offices, the law enforcement authorities provided to IG investigative employees, and the ability of IGs to access the information they need to perform their oversight duties. CRS also testified before a Senate subcommittee on IGs’ use of social media and how such technologies might assist IG and congressional oversight capabilities. U.S. Postal Service. The Postal Service’s financial difficulties and concurrent cost-cutting and proposed service reductions have heightened congressional interest in postal policy and the role the Postal Service may play in the 21st century. Lawmakers regularly sought assistance from CRS on a broad range of Postal Service operations, including postal finances, post office closures, employee pensions and health care, number of days needed for mail delivery, services provided, and pending postal reform legislation, Emergency Management, CRS analysts provided disaster-related support throughout the year, with a focus on assisting Members whose districts and states were affected by wildfires, the Napa Valley carthquake, and Hurricane Isabelle, Experts fielded a high volume of questions related to the implementation of the Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2), FEMA disaster declarations, cost-shares, preliminary damage assessments, public assistance, individual and household assistance, and the impact of the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-24) on the provision of federal funding for disasters. Flood Insurance. Congress worked closely with CRS as it addressed the impact of the implementation of provisions of the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-141) that would gradually eliminate subsidies for certain National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) premiums. CRS experts consulted with lawmakers as they developed legislation that would ease the impact of NFIP premium rate increases while at the same time providing for the future financial solvency of the NFIP. Congress ultimately enacted the Homeowners Flood Insurance Affordability Act (P.L. 113-89). Security Clearances and Background Investigations, Congress showed particular interest in security clearance and background investigation following the unauthorized disclosure of classified information by a former NSA contractor and the September 2013 shooting at the Washington Navy Yard and sought to increase protection of government information and facilities. Among the issues for which lawmakers sought assistance were key components of security clearance investigations, the role of contracted background investigators in the security clearance process, and ongoing developments in security clearance reform, CRS investigated administrative recommendations and legislative proposals including changes to federal investigative standards, proposed regulatory changes governing the designation of national security positions, and the increased use of “continuous evaluation” technology.16 RESOURCES, INDUSTRY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Supply and Prices. Much of the energy debate in Congress focused on proposals to increase domestic production and federal revenue payments by opening more federal areas to oil and natural gas development. Lawmakers also debated energy efficiency legislation, oil and natural gas exports, and oil imports from Canada through the Keystone XL Pipeline and other cross-border pipelines. These issues resulted in hundreds of calls for CRS briefings, consultation, and analytical work. Liquefied Natural Gas and Crude Oil Exports. Throughout the year CRS experts responded to a wide variety of requests regarding issues of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and crude oil exports. Assistance included exploring the potential of exporting an increased supply of slight, sweet crude oil, which is generally less suited for processing at U.S. Gulf Coast refineries, and evaluating the possibility of amending the prohibition that current statutes place on this exportation. Electric Utilities. CRS. provided Congress with analyses of major issues facing the electric utility sector, specifically the implications of environmental regulations, industry infrastructure concerns, fuel prices, reliability, physical security, and cybersecurity. Assistance included support for confirmation hearings for new Federal Energy Regulatory Commissioners and assistance during congressional debate about electricity policy. CRS specialists provided analyses both in anticipation of congressional needs and in response to requests. Propane Shortages. A. combination of high agricultural use, infrastructure limitations, and cold weather led to severe propane shortages and high prices in parts of the Midwest. Congress called upon CRS experts to help understand the nature of the supply crisis as well as the role of federal agencies in regulating propane transportation and options for potentially increasing supply. CRS provided market perspectives, regulatory analysis, and support for Congress in its oversight of the federal agencies involved. EPA’s Proposed Clean Power Plan. One of the most controversial initiatives to curb greenhouse gases was EPA’s proposal to control CO2 emissions from existing power plants, with each state required to set emissions rate goals through whatever options it chooses. CRS addressed a wide variety of requests for assistance with the EPA proposal including analysis of the impacts on different industries and different regions; the carbon intensity of different fuels; power dispatch options; policy choices for EPA, states, and Congress; and legal analyses of the statutory foundation of the proposal. Defining the “Waters of the United States.” The Army Corps of Engineers and EPA jointly proposed a rule defining the scope of waters protected under the Clean Water Act (generally codified as 33 U.S.C. Secs. 1251-1387). The proposal revises regulations that have been in place for 25 years, responds to 2001 and 2006 Supreme Court rulings that interpreted the regulatory scope of the Act more narrowly than previously, and creates uncertainty about the precise effect of the Court’s decisions. CRS provided extensive support for Congress in helping to understand the scope and potential implications and in assisting Members who offered legislative options largely seeking to block the rule.7 Reform of the 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act. Decades of experience implementing and enforcing the Toxie Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) have demonstrated both strengths and weaknesses and have led to reform proposals from both chambers. CRS supported these efforts to develop legislation involving such issues as chemical testing, international trade, regulatory policy, and state versus federal roles. Watershed Management. CRS continued to assist Congress with water resource management concerns in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint, Colorado, Columbia, Klamath, Missouri, Mississippi, Rio Grande, Sacramento, and San Joaquin River watersheds. Much of CRS assistance concemed conflicts among different water users and the intersection of the federal Endangered Species Act (P-L. 93-205, U.S.C. Sees. 1531-1544) with management of federal water resources infrastructure such as dams and diversion facilities. CRS also continued to assist Congress with information on aquatic ecosystem restoration, such as efforts to restore the Chesapeake Bay, the Everglades, the Great Lakes, and the Bay-Delia. Federal Water Infrastructure. CRS analysts assisted lawmakers with the budget, appropriations, programs, and policy issues of the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Of interest to Congress is what role the federal government should play in water resource development and support, given fiscal constraints. Congress has been concerned about aging infrastructure, water supply, and hydropower development, although earmark restrictions limited site-specific authorizations and appropriations. CRS provided support during all stages of consideration of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-121) and provided testimony on proposed legislation to coordinate federal R&D that influences how the energy sector uses water and how the water sector uses energy. International Environmental Issues. Working collaboratively, several CRS divisions provided support to Congress on efforts to amend the Lacey Act (Act of May 25, 1900, Secs. 3, 31 Stat. 187) to address the illegal importation of wood products, consider new regulations and potential changes in law to lower the ivory trade worldwide, and assist with legislation that would implement the Administration’s National Strategy to Combat Wildlife Crime. CRS experts analyzed the impact of potential melting of Himalayan glaciers and the effects on water supplies in Asia, as well as the environmental and security issues surrounding construction of dams on the Mekong River. CRS also hosted a seminar and wrote a report on poaching in Africa and possible connections between militant groups such as Boko Haram and the illegal wildlife trade. Science and Technology. CRS analysts testified and provided in-depth analysis of efforts to ensure chemical facility security, monitored federal investment in homeland security R&D, and supported lawmakers during consideration of a complex set of cybersecurity bills. Experts assisted Congress by tracking activities regarding the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in its attempts to foster development of a private-sector human space flight capability. CRS also assessed and analyzed funding mechanisms as Congress began reauthorization of the America COMPETES Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358); examined the role of the federal government in supporting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM); investigated administration initiatives to foster technological innovation; and supported efforts to spur investment in domestic biomedical and pharmaceutical capacity.18, Telecommunications and the Internet, Telecommunications and Internet technology were also of interest 10 Congress. CRS assisted policymakers on a range of issues, including auctioning valuable digital spectrum and using the proceeds to reduce the federal deficit, regulation of satellite television service, and regulatory aspects of the debate over access to and use of the nation’s broadband infrastructure. Attorneys analyzed issues related to net neutrality, prohibition of advertisements for illegal child trafficking on the Intemet, and restricting the re- publication of photos taken with the expectation of privacy. LAW AND JUSTICE Constitutional Law. CRS attomeys continued to update the Senate document, The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation to reflect the work of the Supteme Court. CRS also held a symposium to celebrate the centennial edition of the treatise, with outside speakers addressing a variety of constitutional topics of importance to Congress, (See Appendix A of this report for more details.) Elections. In response to congressional interest in Supreme Court decisions invalidating campaign finance regulation, particularly the ruling in McCuicheon v, Federal Election Commission, CRS kept lawmakers apprised of the Court’s jurisprudence, the constitutionality of legislative options, and implications of various approaches to amending the Constit Following the Court's decision in Shelby County v. Holder, which invalidated the Voting Rights ‘Act (P.L. 89-110) coverage formula for preclearance, CRS supported efforts in both chambers to introduce legislation that would establish a new coverage formula. Recess Appointments, The President’s exercise of his power under the Recess Appointments Clause has been a perennial source of tension between the executive and legislative branches. CRS attorneys kept Congress informed during the Supreme Court’s determination of the constitutionality of three recess appointments made by the President to the National Labor Relations Board. In NLRB v. Noe! Canning, the Court maintained the balance between the two branches by neither totally restricting the President’s power nor dismissing the role of the Senate’s parliamentary practices. ‘Separation of Powers. CRS attomeys responded to questions about the President’s authority to limit or delay enforcement of federal law. They focused on the Administration’s reliance on prosecutorial discretion to limit the enforcement of the federal marijuana prohibition, to curtail enforcement of immigration laws, and to delay the implementation of various provisions of the Affordable Care Act. The attorneys analyzed the extent of the President's authority to act unilaterally by executive order and the ability of Congress to establish new procedures and requirements to limit that presidential authority. Civil Rights. CRS legal experts provided analytical assistance on a broad range of civil rights issues, including legislative support regarding discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual violence at institutions of higher education, strengthening pay discrimination laws, discrimination concerning sexual orientation and gender identity, employment discrimination, discrimination in schools, and religious exemptions under anti-discrimination laws.19 Ethics. Congress called on CRS legal expertise concerning “insider trading,” public financial reporting, and the implementation of the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (the STOCK Act, P.L. 113-7). Legislative attomeys also advised on the application of the Hatch Act (5 U.S.C. Sec. 1501 et seq.) to various positions in the federal workforce as well as “independent counsels” and the congressional role in appointing an independent counsel or special prosecutor. Federal Property Management. Legislative attorneys advised on issues related to the management and disposal of real and personal property owned by federal agencies. Due in part to federal spending constraints, lawmakers showed particular interest in public-private partnerships, which permit federal agencies to rely upon the private sector to finance certain costs associated with maintaining or disposing of federal property. Gun Control and the Second Amendment, CRS kept Congress informed of the lower court judicial decisions related to the Second Amendment and firearms laws, Attorneys continued to provide support to congressional offices in understanding federal proposals that would mandate background checks for private firearms transactions as well as interpret federal laws related to Jaw enforcement officials and carrying a concealed firearm. Privacy. Also pertaining to firearms, attorneys tracked administrative actions to amend medical privacy regulations to facilitate sharing of mental health records for firearms background checks. In addition, attorneys conducted briefings and prepared written products addressing leval issues related to the occurrence of high-profile commercial data breaches, e.g., Target, Neiman’s, Micheels. Abortion and Reproductive Health. CRS attorneys addressed numerous issues on abortion and reproductive health, including the validity of state laws that restrict the availability of abortion-inducing drugs, laws that restrict admitting privileges or doctors at abortion facilities, and proposed legislation that would likely affect the availability of abortion. They also reported on the constitutionality of state fetal heartbeat laws and whether the federal government can require companies to provide health coverage for contraceptives if the coverage violates the religious beliefs of the companies’ owners, Food Safety and Labeling. Congressional concem over the Food and Drug Administration’s regulation of foods such as cheese and alcoholic beverages prompted CRS legal experts 10 increase their coverage of food law, as well as analyze the current legal issues regarding the labeling of food. Transportation Law. Transportation law attracted considerable interest among Members of Congress, Lawmakers consulted with CRS attorneys on numerous issues, such as funding a high- speed rail project, aircraft noise abatement and airport development, overhaul of the Highway Trust Fund, the Highway Traffic Safety Agency's vehicle recall authority, implementation of REAL ID drivers’ license standards, operation of the federal government's “No Fly” list, and the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (“drones”) into civilian airspace. Indian Affairs. CRS addressed a range of Indian law issues, but two issues dominated the discussions: Cherokee Freedman litigation, for which attomeys outlined the background and status of the litigation, and the administrative process for acknowledging groups as Indian tribes,20 for which attorneys explained the proposed regulations issued by the Department of the Interior that would change the process for acknowledgment. Criminal Law and Procedure. As Congress considered reauthorization of the Violence ‘Against Women Act (P.L. 103-322), which addresses violent crime through grants to state, tribal, and local governments, nonprofit organizations, and universities, CRS legal experts provided legal analysis of criminal jurisdiction provisions for tribes contained in the proposed reauthorization. Attorneys also undertook an extensive research effort to identify and quantify the number of federal criminal provisions in the U.S. code. Intellectual Property. Congress called on CRS legal expertise as it considered the potential impact of patent litigation reform legislation, Attomeys analyzed proposed changes to certain aspects of patent litigation, including fee-shifting, heightened pleading requirements, discovery procedures, and demand letters. They described current federal and state laws protecting trade secrets from theft and espionage, analyzed bills that would strengthen such protection, and reviewed a Supreme Court decision that directs attention to the potential for new copyright legislation. Same-Sex Marriage. Following the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Windsor, CRS legislative attorneys kept Congress informed with written products analyzing the numerous legal challenges to state restrictions on same-sex marriage. Marijuana Legalization and Federalism. Ongoing efforts of states to legalize marijuana for medical and recreational purposes have prompted lawmakers to request CRS assistance. Besides addressing the fundamental question of how the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. Secs. 301 et seq, interacts with state laws, CRS attorneys have addressed such concerns as whether banks can provide marijuana businesses with financial services, whether marijuana-related businesses can be publicly traded, whether bankruptcy protections apply to failed marijuana enterprises, and how the federal government has utilized civil forfeiture as a means of enforcing federal law. ‘Sexual Assault in the Military. Incidents of sexual assault by U.S. service members and th resolution by the U.S. military justice system continued to generate congressional interest in military discipline and whether, in particular, it resulted in justice for sexual assault victims. CRS assisted as Congress considered legislation to adjust how court-martials are convened under the Uniform Code of Military Justice and legislation to modify the ability of a commander serving as the military convening authority for a court martial to provide clemency to service members convicted of sexual offenses. Attorneys also supported lawmakers as they reviewed the Department of Defense’s initial implementation of initiatives to address sexual assault in the military. International Law. CRS legal experts answered numerous inquiries regarding congressional oversight of international agreements entered by the United States. Attomeys advised lawmakers on proposed US. ratification of several treaties, including the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; on whether the 10th Amendment constrains the treaty-making power of the federal government; and on possible models for an intemational war crimes tribunal to address the situation in Syria.21 Ill. MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES CRS initiated a number of management improvements in FY2014, including continuing development of diversity in the Service’s product line, Web site enhancements, a pilot study to develop greater use of infographics, accomplishments in the legislative information system, and innovation in staff support. PRODUCT AND SERVICE ENHANCEMENTS Insights. CRS increased the diversity of its product line by establishing a new product type, the CRS Insight, a short, Web-only product designed to present timely information, research, data, and analysis. The purpose of this product is to add flexibility of delivery to Congress in response to client feedback asking for shorter, more succinct produets that are published quickly in response to fast-moving public policy issues. It joins the previously introduced Legal Sidebar, which presents legal information and analysis Use of Geographic Information Systems. CRS increased its capacity to apply geographic information systems (GIS) in public policy analysis with the addition of a second GIS analyst. The Service has in place a small team of GIS analysts and information professionals and a robust, workflow process to provide GIS services. Besides being able to extract new information by combining disparate data sets, GIS has the potential to succinctly communicate the results of public policy analysis and to visually display complex concepts that have geographical relationships. Toward the end of FY2014, CRS participated in a Library-wide project to develop a geospatial infrastructure that will enable the Service to offer interactive maps to Congress. The goal is to link static maps within CRS products to fully interactive maps that allow clients to zoom in to view details of interest and to turn on and off data layers to visualize the resulting differences. Infographics. An infographic working group was established in February 2014 to consider methods by which presentation and delivery of image-based content could be improved. Although image-based content (e.g., tables, graphs, maps) produced by CRS is typically embedded into written products, the infographics working group concluded that CRS would benefit from the creation of a new product line devoted to stand-alone, high-quality “infographics,” which present complex information in a condensed visual form that may be easily understood by the user without the need for an accompanying written product. A pilot study to develop this potential new product line was in the planning stages at the end of FY2014. New Workflow for Editing CRS Reports. Near the end of the fiscal year, CRS hired three new editors in the Publishing and Editorial Resources Section as part of plans to provide increased levels of editorial support. The Service began to implement a workflow model for the editorial review of new reports based on a pilot to test substantive editing of new reports at earlier stages to yield positive results to the content, quality, and presentation of report products without adversely affecting the timeliness and delivery of products to Congress. Divisions have flexibility in deciding at what stage to request editorial assistance for each new report.2 WEB SITE IMPROVEMENTS CRS enhanced the design of the CRS Web site home page by introducing a new, vertical layout that provides Congress a contemporary aesthetic appearance with more space for content and for expanding product lines. The key usability feature is “scrolling,” rather than “clicking.” With advances in technology and increased use of mobile touch-screen devices, scrolling often has been replaced with “swiping.” Today’s CRS.gov home page is stylized to the moder user's preference, which has evolved from clicking, which prompts a new page to load, to loading more content on the same page in an information feed. As a result, CRS has more real estate with which to highlight portions of its site such as “Hot Topics” and “Of Note,” while retaining its search-focused and mobile-first philosophy. Other new features have been introduced to enhance the visual presence of the CRS home page. Graphic images in the “Of Note” section display related visual content for the respective products highlighted. Icons next to product titles have been added to distinguish the types of products CRS offers. A video carousel at the foot of the home page scrolls horizontally to highlight CRS videos. A similar horizontal scroll has been added to issue pages to highlight CRS experts who have authored products on these issues and are available for consultation. CONGRESS.GOV ACCOMPLISHMENTS ‘As part of the Library’s multi-departmental team, CRS contributed to continuing development and daily operations of the next generation legislative information system platform and services, Congress.gov. This work is a significant component of Project One, a multi-year Library-wide strategy. Congress.gov will replace two legacy legislative information systems (LIS and THOMAS) with a single, modem one, CRS provides data analysis, subject matter expertise consultation, system testing, user testing, coordination of data partner relationships, and support for congressional users and data partners. CRS also continues to support the use of the Congress-only LIS until equivalent capability is fully developed for the new Congress.gov. In late September 2014 the beta label was removed from Congress.gov. It is now considered the official Web site for U.S. federal legislative information. Specific accomplishments this, fiscal year included addition of nominations data, extending the Legislative Collection so that dates from 1973 forward: addition of the Congress.gov resources portal; introduction of individual accounts and the ability to save searches; a House Committee video landing page and committee video profile pages; improved advanced search and browse functionality; ability to search the Congressional Record by speaker; and improved FAQs as well as “about” pages explaining the site’s content and how to use it. PROGRAM PLANNING CONAN Centennial. On September 23, 2014, CRS sponsored a symposium celebrating the centennial of The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, S. Doe. 112-9, popularly known as The Constitution Annotated, or CONAN. The Constitution23 Annotated is prepared by legal scholars in CRS for Members of Congress and congressional staff, and it is also made available to the public. The centennial was attended by some of the Nation's most eminent scholars, legal practitioners, and jurists, including Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, The symposium focused on three inter-related subjects: the role of the Supreme Court in shaping constitutional law; the relationship between Congress and the Supreme Court in our democracy; and the importance of an informed society about the work of the Supreme Court The symposium was in partnership with other departments of the Library and included a display that highlighted some of the Library's important artifacts relating to the Supreme Court and Congress. (See Appendix A.) New Member Seminar. CRS began planning for the New Member Seminar that occurred at the start of the 114th Congress. Co-sponsored with the U.S. House of Representatives, the program is entitled “Legislative Issues and Procedures, The CRS Seminar for New Members,” and is held in Williamsburg, Virginia. CRS worked with the House Administration Committee to select topics and speakers most useful to newly elected Members, and continued planning and logistical activities to ensure a successful seminar. Grant funding was secured to cover the cost of the event (see Appendix B). Other Seminars and Symposiums. Two other notable events were the Domestic Social Policy's Centennial Seminar, “Policy Analysis for Congress in the 21st Century,” @ panel discussion on the role of policy analysis in informing the legislative debate, and a symposiuin on Senate rules changes. At the latter event CRS experts, a former parliamentarian, and past Secretaries of the Senate discussed the impact of these changes with senior Senate staff in attendance. The program was followed by numerous briefings and seminars tailored to Member and staff needs. NEW SUPPORT FOR CRS STAFF Research Assistants. Following an extensive workforce composition study, CRS developed a three-grade research assistant career ladder position (GS-7 through GS-11) to support the CRS analytical workforce. Research assistants are responsible for collecting and analyzing data, preparing descriptive written material, and sustaining momentum on in-depth research projects. This analytical support allows analysts more time to devote to highly analytical, complex congressional products and direct interaction with clients. CRS advertised vacancies for eleven research assistants for short-term appointments not to exceed three years to allow budget flexibility and encourage continual in-flow of new ideas and skill sets. The new research assistants started to report in August 2014 and all were on board by October 2014. CRS will evaluate the effectiveness in implementing this support for the analytical workforce and determine the need for future postings. Lync. CRS implemented Microsoft Lyne 2013 to enhance staff ability to collaborate, communicate, and share information, Lyne provides instant messaging capabilities so staff can connect for quick consultations on critical issues before Congress, confirm the availability of colleagues, and create virtual meeting rooms so staff can attend meetings from their desktops or24 while on offsite telework. Lyne also enables desktop sharing, application sharing, and audio and video conferencing. OneNote. With the launching of Lync, CRS simultaneously introduced Microsoft OneNote to improve staff ability to organize notes and research materials. Staff use OneNote to organize notes and ideas in a free form electronic notebook. Notebooks, which can be shared with colleagues, consist of chapters and pages with notes consisting of freehand text, pictures, audio and video files, copies of Web site content, or hyperlinks and references to citations. OneNote’s search capabilities allow users to quickly find information contained across all pages and chapters. Best Practices in Testifying. A working group of CRS experts drew on years of testimony experience to prepare best practices for testifying before Congress. Included are guidelines for preparation of written testimony, practice, and anticipating questions of all kinds that will better equip analysts and attorneys for the congressional hearings at which they are asked to appear as expert witnesses.25 APPENDIXES A, FY2014: THE CRS CENTENNIAL YEAR Congress created the Legislative Reference Service (the forerunner of CRS) in July 1914 Throughout calendar year 2014 CRS celebrated its 100th anniversary by marking and recognizing congressional achievements and the years of service CRS provided to Congress. CENTENNIAL CONFERENCE The most significant event was the centennial conference held on July 16 with support from the Library of Congress and the United States Association of Former Members of Congress. The conference, entitled “The First Branch, Challenges of Governance in a Global Era,” included four panel discussions with former Members of Congress, a former Director from both the Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office, and a senior fellow from the Brookings Institution. Senior CRS staff moderated each of the four panels. The CRS Director hosted a reception in the Jefferson Building Great Hall following the conferenc Former Senators Trent Lott and Paul Sarbanes and former Representatives David Obey anc Daniel Lungren sat on the panel, “How Congress Functions: Perspectives and Observations. Walter J. Oleszek, senior specialist in American national government, moderated the panel. Congress has been the subject of public criticism from its very beginning. Some have called it, for example, broken, dysfunctional, and overly partisan, But Congress may be functioning as the Founding Fathers intended: making laws is a complicated process replete with conflict. Lawmakers represent the clashing views of over 300 million people, and they oversee a huge executive establishment, To assess the different perspectives of the Congress, the four Members addressed two questions: (1) Is today’s Congress broken, and, if so, why? and (2) If Congress needs some tepair and renewal, what kind and how do we achieve those changes? ‘The Conference’s second panel focused on various crises in the Middle East. Former Senator Richard Lugar and former Representatives Howard Berman and Lee Hamilton drew upon their collective years of experience to analyze what role the United States should play in this troubled region. The panel discussed at length various policy choices facing Congress and the President, such as the utility of military intervention and how to promote moderation and democratic governance in an area torn by religious, sectarian, and tribal warfare. Jeremy M. Sharp, specialist in Middle East policy, moderated the panel. ‘The two aftemoon panels discussed the economy and aging in the United States. Former Senator Kit Bond, former Representatives Bart Gordon, Jim Moody, and Zach Wamp, and Peter Orszag, vice chairman of Citigroup and former Director of the Office of Management and Budget and of the Congressional Budget Office participated in the session “America’s Place in the Global Economy: What’s Next?” In the context of the impact on the U.S. economy of technological progress, growing globalization, and the financial crisis in recent decades, panelists shared their insights on whether the landmark economic legislation passed by Congress has kept pace with economic change. They considered recent accomplishments of Congress and the major26 economic threats to future prosperity and discussed what important unfinished business Congress faces and how policymakers could apply the lessons from these landmark measures in the future. Mare Labonte, CRS specialist in macroeconomic policy, moderated the panel. The final panel, “Demography as Destiny: Implications of Aging for the United States,” had the benefit of insights from former Representatives Melissa Hart, Barbara Kennelly, and Jim McCrey; and William H. Frey, senior fellow in the Metropolitan Policy Program at the Brookings Institution. Sharmila Choudhury, research manager of the Income Security Section of CRS moderated the panel. This panel explored several questions on the implications of aging for the United States: (1) How can Congress take action to produce a long-term plan to stabilize entitlement spending? (2) How can Congress reach consensus on appropriate fiscal reform? (3) ‘What previous models of congressional action are worthy of emulation? The conference closed with a keynote speech by former Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Dennis Hastert, on “Objective Analysis and Legislative Power: CRS, Congress and the Future.” The Speaker reflected on his tenure in Congress, spoke about four characteristics that are key to success in Congress — purpose, passion, persistence and patience — and the critical role research plays in the legislative process. CRS made recordings of each session available to Congress via the Web site CRS.gov. ‘Complementing the conference were four major research-related events sponsored by individual divisions in CRS: a committee print, a panel discussion on policy analysis, a symposium on the publication of The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, and a history of CRS. COMMITTEE PRINT The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, which significantly expanded the role of CRS, directs CRS to both respond to congressional inquiries and to prepare research and analysis in anticipation of specific congressional needs. In keeping with this charge and in commemoration of the centennial, the Government and Finance Division prepared a compendium of 22 reports, which the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration issued as the committee print “The Evolving Congress.” (S. Prt. 113-60), CRS designed the compendium to inform Congress on the domestic and international challenges that lie ahead, as well as to assess the future character of the institution and its policymaking process. The CRS goal was to enrich this debate by examining how and why Congress evolved to where it is today. CONSTITUTION ANNOTATED SYMPOSIUM Under the larger umbrella of the CRS centennial, the Service invited Members of Congress and professional congressional staff to a symposium celebrating the centennial of the publication of The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, which CRS prepares for Congress at the request of the Librarian of Congress,21 The program included four panels and a special session with Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, The panels and participants were: (1) “The Role of the Supreme Court Over the Past 100 Years” with professors David Bernstein (George Mason University School of Law), Mark Tushnet (Harvard University) and Risa L. Goluboff (University of Virginia School of Law). Ms. Goluboff served as moderator. (2) “The Relationship between Congress and the Court” with professor Rachel E. Barkow (New York University School of Law), Walter Dellinger (partner, O'Melveny & Myers, LLP), The Honorable Thomas B. Griffith (Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit), and John C. Harrison (University of Virginia School of Law). Peter J. Smith, associate dean, The George Washington Law School, moderated the panel. (3) Senior research scholar in law, journalist in residence and lecturer in law, Linda Greenhouse (Yale Law School) moderated the panel “Translating the Constitution,” with Lyle Denniston (National Constitution Center), professor Lee Epstein (Washington University School of Law), and Jeffrey Rosen (National Constitution Center). (4) Irving Gomstein, executive director of the Supreme Court Institute and visiting professor of law (Georgetown University Law Center) moderated the closing panel “The Future of the Constitution.” Joining the professor were Lisa S. Blatt, (Arnold & Porter, LLP), Paul D. Clement (Bancroft PLLC), Neal Katyal (Hogan Lovells), and Maureen E, Mahoney (Latham & Watkins, LLP), In the middle of the day, Jeffrey Rosen of the National Law Center discussed with Associate Justice Ginsburg the importance of constitutional literacy, civic education, and the role of the judiciary in our democracy. PANEL DISCUSSION ‘The Domestic Social Policy Division organized and sponsored a panel discussion for CRS employees called “Policy Analysis for the 21st Century.” The panel consisted of three former and one current senior House and Senate staff members who played key roles in congressional policymaking over the last twenty or more years. In speaking about the role of policy analysis in informing the legislative debate, the panelists used examples from previous Congresses and addressed how the use of policy analysis by Congress has changed over time. They spoke in detail about the widely varied ways in which CRS has been integral to the legislative policymaking process. ‘The panel members were Beth Buehlmann, former Republication education policy director of the Senate HELP and House Education and Workforce Committees; Ron Haskins, former Republican staff director for the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Human Resources; ‘Wendell Primus, currently senior policy advisor to House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and former Democratic staff director for the Joint Economic Committee, chief economist for the House Ways and Means Committee and Democratic staff director of the Human Resources Subcommittee; and Bobby Vassar, former Democratic chief counsel for the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime.28 HISTORY OF CRS To mark the 100th anniversary CRS prepared a brief history, CRS at 100. The document describes the context in which Congress first created CRS and how with congressional support CRS evolved to provide the research and analysis it docs today. The history highlights the current and former Directors and several former employees who serve as illustrative examples of how CRS staff provide significant support to Congress or contribute to CRS operations daily. In another section CRS employees provide their perspective on CRS core values and how CRS serves Congress today. CRS employees, drawing on CRS archives, put together a small exhibit reflecting CRS work over the years and the environment in which CRS worked. The exhibit displayed an array of products prepared for Congress — from reports to committee prints — and showed how services have evolved. Photographs, research resources, and desk equipment traced the time when CRS occupied makeshift offices in the Main Reading Room and Great Hall in the Jefferson Building to the move to the Madison Building in the early 1980s. The exhibit reflected the evolution from ‘manual typewriters to personal computers and from paper newspaper and magazine clips to an array of sophisticated databases, Two employees from the Library's Junior Fellow Program helped create the exhibit. COMMEMORATIVE TREE Centennial activities concluded with the planting of a commemorative tree. At the request of James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress, the Architect of the Capitol received approval from the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Chairman of the Senate Rules and ‘Administration Committee to plant a commemorative tree on the grounds of the Jefferson Building. The tree stands as a living tribute not only to former and current CRS employees but also to the Members of the 63rd Congress who first created the Legislative Reference Service, the predecessor to CRS, and to Members of each subsequent Congress who continue to work with CRS on a daily basis. STAFF ACTIVITIES In addition to the programs described above there were other employee events. These ranged from an all-staff photograph (the first since 1948) to a public service project at the Capital Area Food Bank to a CRS night at a Nationals game and at a Wizards game and several staff picnics. ‘These social events gave employees an opportunity to get to know one another better and celebrate their accomplishments.29 SUPPORT FOR THE CENTENNIAL The centennial events were possible with congressional appropriations and the generous support of former Senators Connie Mack III and Dennis DeConcini and former Representatives Kenneth E, Bentsen Jr., William D. Delahunt, Thomas J. Downey, Bart J. Gordon, Amory Houghton Jr. and Bart Stupak; the Bipartisan Policy Center, Congressional Federal Credit Union, Henry Luce Foundation, and The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.30 B. FY2014 BUDGET, RESOURCES, AND OTHER FUNDING In FY2014 CRS had an appropriation of $105.35 million available for expenditure. More than 88 percent of the fiscal year's expenditures supported staff salaries and benefits. In this fiscal year CRS received a total of $583,926 from nonprofit foundations in support of nonpartisan, objective, and confidential seminars for Members of Congress and their staff. Of this total, $3,155 was for the Senate Floor Procedure: Recent Developments and Current Issues, held February 10, 2014; $72,004 was for the CRS Centennial Symposium, held July 16, 2014; $12,002 for the CONAN Symposium, held September 23, 2014; $410,000 for the CRS New Member Seminar Grant Fund; and $86,765 for the Evolving Congress Series, scheduled for 2015.C. WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT CRS implemented comprehensive workforce efforts that aligned skills and expertise to best meet client demands, grow capacity and talent in targeted areas, strengthen staff competencies and expertise, improve performance management, and foster an inclusive and engaging work environment. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION The Library’s merit selection and selective placement processes were utilized to fill eritical positions, and the government-wide Presidential Management Fellows Program (PMF) was used to support succession planning efforts. CRS also applied a range of flexible hiring options to meet short-term and intermittent staffing requirements, including the Volunteer Internship Program, the Law Clerk Program, volunteer CRS retiree appointments, and temporary appointments, In addition, CRS took steps to add areas of specialization to maximize the allocation of resources supporting Congress and its staffs. Finally, CRS consistently applied diversity outreach efforts to expand the poo! of high-quality applicants. ‘Merit Selection. CRS filled fifty-seven positions in FY2014: thirty-eight permanent hires and nineteen indefinite appointees. Forty-four of the permanent/indefinite positions were filled with external candidates and the remaining thirteen positions were filled through internal promotions or reassignments. Thirty-six of the permanent/indefinite selectees were female (63 percent) and sixteen were minorities (28 percent), including seven internal candidates who received promotions, The thirty-eight permanent hires included eleven managerial or supervisory positions (one deputy associate director, three section research managers, and seven section heads), The remaining twenty-seven permanent hires included nine policy analysts, four information professionals, three information technology specialists, two editors, two legislative analysts, and seven infrastructure or administrative support positions. Among the nineteen indefinite appointments, nine were filled with research assistants, two were filled with Presidential Management Fellows appointed as policy analysts, three were information professionals, two were information technology specialists, two were infrastructure or administrative support positions, and one was a year-long management placement. Succession Planning. CRS has used the PMF Program regularly since 1997. In FY2014 the Domestic Social Policy Division identified and filled two entry-level policy analyst positions in the public health arena using the PMF Program: one female analyst in health policy and one female analyst in health care financing. These selectees began their two-year PMF fellowships in summer 2014 and may be eligible for conversion to permanent positions in summer 2016, contingent upon availability of funding and successful jab performance. Short-term and Intermittent Staffing. CRS used a variety of cost-effective methods to address short-term and intermittent staffing requirements, including the following: © The Volunteer Internship Program: CRS placed forty-two volunteer interns, including twenty females (48 percent), in the research divisions to develop their research skills by participating in the legislative process. Approximately one-third of these interns had32 already obtained graduate degrees, while the remainder was pursuing either graduate or undergraduate degrees. * The Law Clerk Program: Three law clerks, including two females (67 percent), were assigned to the American Law Division to develop their legal research skills. These law clerks had completed at least two years of law school. * Volunteer CRS Retirees: Nine retired CRS employees, including two females (22 percent), shared their collective expertise and institutional knowledge in public policy analysis with their former colleagues. ‘© Temporary appointments: Three female employees were temporarily appointed to infrastructure positions to meet short-term staffing requirements. * Student Development Placement Programs: CRS placed one female student from the Charles B. Rangel Graduate Fellowship Program and two female students from the Library of Congress Junior Fellows Program. ‘* American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship Program: CRS placed one female in the Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, marking the second consecutive year of CRS’s participation in this program. ‘* Other Fellowships and Exchange Assignments: The Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division hosted four officers via the United States Air Force Fellows Program, including two females (50 percent), as well as one male officer via the U.S. Department of the Army Development Program. The Resources, Science, and Industry Division hosted one female via the USDA Executive Potential Program. Diversifying Areas of Specialization. New areas of specialization were established to maximize the allocation of staff expertise and resources and to build research and information ‘management services, Research assistant and digital services librarian positions were established for this purpose, Research assistants were hired to support analysts in data collection, ‘manipulation, and analysis. Research assistants also assisted management in developing CRS products. The digital services librarian position was established to support CRS"s reference and information services. Incumbents in this position will support staff in developing Web-based information services and helping to develop, implement, and manage digital services projects. (No digital service librarians were hired in FY2014; however, hiring will begin for the position in FY2015.) Diversity Efforts. CRS consistently applied diversity outreach efforts in recruiting candidates for positions. These outreach efforts included using a pool of minority recruitment sources to advertise permanent and temporary positions and partnering with organizations that extend support to under-represented groups. For example, CRS partnered with the Charles B, Rangel International Affairs Program for the third year, resulting in the temporary placement of the Charles B. Rangel Scholar mentioned above. CRS recruited applicants with disabilities through the Library's Selective Placement Program, placing one female employee with disabilities. CRS utilized its long-standing student diversity internship program to expose undergraduate and graduate students to the work of CRS and its mission. Seven interns were placed throughout the Service to work on meaningful and substantive research and projects.CRS prepared a diversity report for FY2012 and FY2013 to highlight efforts to improve and sustain a diverse and inclusive workforce through targeted recruitment strategies; special relationships with minority-serving institutions and organizations; and participation in Library- sponsored programs and initiatives to enhance diversity in professional and administrative positions throughout the Service. The report also provided CRS workforce demographic data compared to the federal civilian labor force to highlight similarities and differences between the ‘two workforces and help inform future efforts supportive of a diverse and inclusive workforce by focusing attention on areas where the Service excels, as well as areas where improvement is needed. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT CRS continued to implement a comprehensive performance management program, focusing on initiatives to streamline operations, enhance staff performance and organizational effectiveness, and assess program outcomes. Also, use of the supervisors’ portal continued to provide a one-stop source of information on performance management activities, resources, and guidance, Promotion Process Enhancements. The promotion process was streamlined to remove unnecessary steps in assessing employees’ work, and guidelines were updated to ensure all managers provided the same level of documentation in support of promotion recommendations. Performance Management Ratings Analysis. CRS conducted a performance ratings analysis, over a three-year period to identify similarities and inconsistencies in the distribution of ratings across the Service. The analysis supports the expectation that, at minimum, the majority of staff perform at the Fully Successful level Senior Level Performance Assessment System Certification. In support of certification for the Library’s senior-level performance assessment system, senior level performance plans were modified to incorporate measurable results that align to strategic goals and consider employee and or client/stakeholder feedback. Plans also incorporated measures to hold senior-level supervisors accountable for employee performance management. STAFF TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CRS provided a comprehensive range of professional development and training opportunities to strengthen staff performance and broaden their competencies and expertise. With a shift toward more experiential training and development, CRS leveraged in-house expertise to customize training in order to allow for more enriched, meaningful experiences. CRS also supported short-term professional development opportunities with extemal organizations to enhance staff ability to support the work of Congress through special assignments. Supervisory Development. The following supported supervisory development.Onboarding Plan. An onboarding plan was developed and implemented for orienting and acclimating new supervisors. Covering the first year, the plan provided baseline focus arcas, information, and resources to expose to all supervisors. The plan also captured and conveyed the evel of support and training needed to appropriately and consistently orient supervisors to the Service. Periods of activity were divided into suggested timeframes to easily manage and spread the wealth of information each new supervisor needed to know and learn. Supervisor’s Roundtable Discussions. A set of roundtable discussions was offered on a wide range of challenges and opportunities supervisors face while leading and supervising staff. The staff-led roundtable topics supported peer-driven discussions that were engaging, meaningful, and relevant to day-to-day supervisory responsibilities; ¢.g., the application of emotional intelligence in dealing with workplace issues. Leadership Development Framework. In support of its evolving Leadership Development Framework, CRS introduced three customized leadership development courses to strengthen critical competencies for successful research management and supervision: coaching, conflict resolution, and effective communication, The courses are scheduled to begin February 2015 Staff Professional Development. Staff professional development included the following. Core Curriculum for Research Staff. CRS offered new analysts and legislative attorneys a core curriculum on CRS writing and presentations. The writing courses provided a logical framework to writing analytical reports for Congress and offered mechanisms for managing the writing process. The presentation course gave staff effective tools for communicating information orally to a variety of congressional audiences. Additional courses in the curriculum, included sessions and/or seminars on the federal budget and legislative processes. “Hot Topics.” CRS continued its “hot topic” discussions. The discussions focused on opportunities for staff to improve the execution of their work, focusing on areas such as data visualization and effective presentations. Additionally, monthly sessions were held on using ‘geographic information systems to enrich and add dimension and depth to analysis. Mentoring Program. The CRS mentoring program pairs new staff with experienced CRS colleagues to provide advice and guidance. Mentees and mentors met regularly throughout the year. Ten information sessions were offered to mentees to learn more about CRS operations, policies, and procedures. Mentees also participated in “cafe sessions” to leam of their colleagues’ best practices in supporting Congress, such as in the session, “My First Year at CRS.” Ninety mentors and mentees participated in the mentoring program. Special Assignments. CRS partnered with external organizations to provide staff with short- term assignments in their respective issue areas and/or to support committee work in Congress. ‘These assignments enhanced analysts’ ability to support the Congress by broadening their network of contacts to gain access to information and executive branch officials and expanding their expertise in specialized and distinct issue areas.35 STAFF RETENTION Staff turnover remained low in FY2014, The overall attrition rate for the Service was 5.3 percent, a decrease from the 6.3 percent at the end of the previous fiscal year. Among the analysts/attorneys, the attrition rate was 4.3 percent, a 51 percent decrease from the previous fiscal year. The attrition rate for the information specialists was 9.3 percent, which was a 29 percent increase from the previous fiscal year. Despite overall low attrition, CRS continued to use exit interviews as a tool to help measure employees’ overall satisfaction and work experiences and identify opportunities for improvement. Exit Interviews. CRS continued to conduct voluntary exit interviews that proved to be useful in gauging staff engagement and informing the effectiveness of CRS’s workforce management activities, For the thirty-two permanent employees who separated from CRS during FY2014, exit interviews were conducted with twenty-one, for a 66 percent participation rate. Of these separating employees, twenty-two retired, eight left to accept other employment, and two relocated for personal reasons, As was true for previous fiscal years, the overwhelming majority of employees who participated in an exit interview were generally unequivocal about recommending CRS as a good place to work, with nineteen of the twenty-one employees expressing this view. Staff suggested that CRS continue to explore ways to remain nimble in order to provide the best support to Congress. Staff also offered that CRS should continue its efforts to develop electronic products that meet the current needs of Congress and congressional staff.36 D. TYPES OF CRS SUPPORT TO CONGRESS: RESEARCH SERVICES AND PRODUCTS Throughout FY2014 CRS provided Congress with analysis, research, and information to support its policymaking needs in the formats described below. CONGRESSIONALLY DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTS PROVIDING RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ON LEGISLATIVE ISSUES Reports for Congress. Reports for Congress, analyses, or studies on specific policy issues of congressional legislative interest, are often prepared to address issues raised in numerous congressional inquiries. Reports clearly define issues in legislative contexts. The basic requirements of these and other CRS written products are relevance, authoritativeness, objectivity, and nonpartisanship. Analysts define and explain technical terms and concepts, frame the issues in understandable and timely contexts, and provide appropriate, accurate, and valid quantitative data. A summary appears on the first page of most reports. Shorter report formats include fact sheets, FAQs, In Brief products, and CRS Experts lists. CRS reports are available online to the congressional community. Active reports are updated as events occur for issues that are of ongoing interest to Congress and are archived when they no longer reflect the current legislative agenda. These archived products remain available to Congress (searchable) to provide background and historical context. Congressional Distribution Memoranda, These memoranda are prepared when the interest of a relatively small number of congressional readers is anticipated or when the transiency of the issue and the product make its inclusion as a listed CRS Report inappropriate. If an issue becomes important to a larger congressional audience, the product may be recast as a CRS Report for Congress. ELECTRONICALLY ACCESSIBLE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, CRS Web Site, The CRS Web site displays CRS produets that are listed by current legislative issue and are accessible through online searching. The site also provides access to CRS reports, and analyses of annual appropriations legislation, New this year is a Web-only product, the CRS Insight, a succinctly written analysis addressing fast-moving public policy issues. Also offered are a guide to legislative procedures, online registration for CRS seminars, and information on other services. The Web site also includes links to constituent services-related information as well as legislative, legal, and basic resources for work in congressional offices. Other Web products developed in the last few years include Legal Sidebars, brief legal analyses of current topics; DVDs of CRS recorded seminars; a Twitter feature showcasing new CRS work (CRS4Congress); and a CRS mobile-friendly application to view contents of CRS reports. In operation since the 104th Congress, the CRS Web site is accessible only to House and Senate offices and other legislative branch agencies.37 Appropriations. CRS experts working on appropriations continued to provide comprehensive legislative analysis and tracking for the twelve regular Senate and House bills. In FY2014 they also assisted Congress with continuing resolutions, supplementals, and the budget resolution. The Service also provides access to a CRS appropriations status table for tracking legislation. On the Floor. On the Floor, a weekly compendium of CRS products relevant to scheduled ot expected floor action in the House and Senate, is available on the CRS Web site and by email subscription to all Members, committees, subcommittees, and congressional staff. All bills and related CRS products listed on this page are linked to the bills themselves on their Bill Summary & Status pages and are linked to the products on the CRS Web site. On the Floor is updated throughout the week as needed. CRS Programs Electronic Mailing List. Launched in FY2001, this email notification system provides subscribers with descriptions of upcoming CRS programs and links to online registration forms. RESPONSES TO INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS AND COMMITTEES The Service also responds to requests for custom services from Members and committees and their staff, Frequently this is done by CRS analysts in the form of confidential policy and legal analyses, usually in memorandum format; consultations in person, by phone, or by email; and briefings on virtually all legislative and policy issues, each tailored to address specific questions directed to CRS by a requesting Member, committee, or their staff. Confidential Memoranda. Confidential memoranda are prepared to meet a specific congressional request and are often designed to meet the needs of the congressional reader with a high level of expertise in a given topic. These memoranda are prepared for the use of the congressional requester, and CRS does not distribute them further unless the recipient gives permission. The memorandum format is often used by CRS attomeys, for example, to respond to highly focused inquiries about the legal implications of statutory provisions, proposed legislation, or executive actions. Individual Staff Briefings. Individual or group staff briefings constitute another form of tailored response to congressional inquiries. CRS staff provide in-person briefings to Members and committees on specific policy issues. These briefings, for example, might focus on bills in formulation, foreign or domestic policy issues before Congress, the legislative process, congressional operations, or general orientations to CRS services and products. Telephone and Email Responses. Telephone and email responses to inquiries are a vital clement in CRS interactions and consultations with Congress. CRS experts are directly accessible by phone or email; on a given day the Service responds to numerous calls and emails and provides information that may range from a statistic or a name to a short briefing or an interactive discussion analyzing altematives for response to an issue. CRS goals in these instances are to provide expertise, ease of access, and personalized immediate response. Briefing Books. Briefing books may be prepared for use by congressional delegations (CODELs) traveling abroad and are collections of materials that support specific purposes of a38 congressional trip. They may contain a variety of materials — maps, selected products such as CRS reports, and brief tailored written work, which can contain background and current issues regarding U.S. relations with specific countries on the trip, as well as questions Members might ask when meeting with government and other officials. SEMINARS, INSTITUTES, AND OTHER PROGRAMS Seminars. CRS conducted numerous seminars for Members and staff on a wide variety of issues of interest to Congress. Highlights of the year included the following public policy seminars: “Mortgage Market Reform and Other Housing Issues: A CRS Open House,” “The Future of the Voting Rights Act,” “Tax Provisions Expiring in 2013,” “The American Community Survey (ACS): Overview and Data Searches,” “The Cost of Nuclear Weapons: Program and Budget Issues for Congress,” “Basics of Capital Regulation and Financial Risk,” “Disasters 101: Introduction to Emergency and Disaster Response for Congressional Staff,” “U.S. Efforts to Strengthen Health Systems,” “Security Clearances & Access Controls: Securing Government Information and Facilities,” “Surface Transportation Reauthorization: What Follows MAP-21?,” “Terrorism Risk Insurance: Overview & Current Legislation,” “Payments in Lieu of Taxes and Secure Rural Schools: Background and Options,” “EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Existing Electric Generating Units (Power Plants),” “Export Import Bank Reauthorization: Issues for Congress,” “Open House on the Federal Workforce: Issues Before Congress,” and “The ‘Islamic State’ (ISIL/ISIS) Crisis and U.S. Strategy.” There were also several public policy issues presented in a series of seminars, Five seminars were held on defense acquisitions. Additionally, a series of three programs on FY2015 budget issues for Congress was held, including sessions on the defense, intemational affairs, and research & development funding. Legislative and Budget Process Institutes. CRS continued to provide legislative and budget process institutes. Congressional staff became acquainted with the practice of legislative procedures and the congressional budget process at a series of increasingly complex “institutes” held at regular intervals during the course of the year. In FY2014 CRS staff conducted twelve introductory institutes on legislative procedure and resources. Three advanced legislative institutes were held for congressional staff and two advanced legislative process series were held for both the House and Senate, Additionally, CRS staff conducted six introductory programs on legislative concepts in conjunction with the House Learning Center. Seminars on budget process, offered in fifteen sessions, provided congressional staff with an integrated overview of how federal budgeting works as well as a more advanced look at separate aspects of the process. State and District Institutes, offered four times during FY2014, were specifically tailored to the needs of staff working in Members’ home state offices. Three sessions on grants work in a congressional office were offered to Capitol Hill staff engaged in constituent services, Legal Programs. For nearly three decades CRS has offered continuing legal education credits through its Federal Law Update to Members and congressional staff. The program consisted of twelve sessions offered over two weeks in both the spring and fall. CRS attorneys provided updates on important issues of law and policy directly related to the legislative agenda.39 Through close collaboration with the Law Library of Congress, CRS co-sponsored a series of programs for congressional staff on legal research. Topics included using print and electronic sources to conduct legislative history and statutory research, and a general introduction to legislative research. Sixteen programs were held during FY2014. Visiting Dignitaries, Establishing and expanding country-specific expertise and relationships is another aetivity CRS supports. Toward this end, specific policy briefings were held with representatives fiom Trinidad & Tobago, a multi-regional economic group, Israel, Cambodia, Vietnam, the European Union, Germany, Albania, France, Britain, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Iceland. In addition, CRS supported three delegations of visiting Members of Parliament. and parliamentary staff for the House Democracy Partnership (HDP). Countries participating in the HDP during FY2014 were Afghanistan, Georgia, Indonesia, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Peru, and Timor-Leste. Orientations and Briefings. Twelve programs were offered to various organizations that sponsored congressional fellows. CRS staff prepared introductory orientations on CRS services, legislative process, and policy-specific briefings. Among the organizations represented were the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Political Science Association, Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, Charles B, Rangel International Affairs Program, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. ‘An additional seventeen orientations on CRS services were held for new congressional staff, and sixty-five briefings were conducted for incoming congressional intems and volunteers. Numerous other briefings were held privately for congressional offices and fellowship groups. LEGISLATIVE SUMMARIES AND LEGISLATIVE DATA ENHANCEMENTS Legislative Summaries. The Legislative Analysis and Information Section (LAIS) in CRS is required by statute to write and publish summaries of all legislation introduced in the U.S. Congress. These authoritative summaries are used by lawmakers, policymakers, academics, and members of the public who are seeking accurate, objective, nonpartisan descriptions of both new and amended federal legislation. The summaries are published widely, including through LIS (the Legislative Information System), THOMAS, beta.congress.gov, and such services as Lexis and CQ. Legislative analysts review and examine legislation to determine its meaning and effect on current law. They then draft summaries of the legislation as introduced and write more detailed analyses.of any subsequent action versions of the legislation. CRS continues to work with a Library-wide team to ensure that the transition to the new Congress.gov Web site iteratively encompasses all the capabilities found in the legocy LIS. Congress.gov achieved a significant milestone by transitioning out of beta form during FY2014. Legislative Data Enhancements, LAIS legislative information specialists enhance the usability and interactivity of status information by linking the relevant pages of the Congressional Record (e.g. debate, Member introductory remarks, and amendments). They also40 censure the integrity of legislative data transmitted by the House, Senate, and GPO for LIS, THOMAS, and beta.congress.gov. These information specialists also manage CRS Congressional Data functions, adding, updating, and ensuring the integrity of data essential to the CRS client relationship management system, LAIS further enhances bill records by adding such bill information as short titles, related bills, explanatory notes, and subject terms. OTHER SERVICES Multimedia Products and Services. CRS provided a variety of multimedia products and technical assistance in support of its service to Congress. These included producing DVDs of CRS seminars, public policy briefings, and special events that congressional staff can request from the CRS Web site, Included were five programs from a day long symposium on the CRS centennial, and three programs dealing with recent Senate floor procedure developments. Other special events videotaped as part of the CRS centennial included five sessions from the Constitution Annotated symposium and a seminar on domestic policy analysis for Congress. CRS compiled a total of seventeen video programs as DVDs during the year. The project of short Videos exploring core concepts of Key issues was continued and included topies such as Bitcoin, Conflict in Africa, and a review of new CRS produets for Congress. Twenty-four videos were posted at the CRS Web site which included these short videos along with a selected number of cominar briefings. CRS continued to provide two hours of television programming each weekday on the Senate closed-circuit television system. There were six legacy interviews recorded of outgoing CRS employees. Throughout the year short video clips of various floor and committee setions were also assembled for legislative procedure briefings and the New Member orientation.41 E. CRS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE CRS has adopted an interdisciplinary and integrative approach as it responds to requests from Congress. The Service seeks to define complex issues in clear and understandable ways, identify basic causes of the problems under consideration, and highlight available policy choices and potential effects of action. CRS is organized into the following divisions and offices to support the analysis, research, and information needs of Congress. DIVISIONS American Law Division, The American Law Division provides Congress with legal analysis and information on the range of legal questions that emerge from the congressional agenda. Division lawyers work with federal, state, and international legal resources in support of the legislative, oversight, and representational needs of Members and committees of Congress. The Division’s work involves the constitutional framework of separation of powers, congressional- executive relations and federalism. It includes the legal aspects of congressional practices and procedures and the myriad questions of administrative law, constitutional law, criminal law, civil rights, environmental law, business and tax law, and international law that are implicated by the legislative process. In addition, the Division prepares The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation (popularly known as The Constitution Annotated). Domestic Social Policy Division. The Domestic Social Policy Division offers Congress research and analysis in the broad area of domestic social policies and programs. Analysts use multiple disciplines in their research, including program and legislative expertise, quantitative methodologies, and economic analysis. Issue and legislative areas include education and training, health care and financing, Social Security, public and private pensions, welfare, nutrition assistance, housing, immigration, drug control, crime and criminal justice, labor and ‘occupational safety, unemployment and workers’ compensation, and other issues related to children and families, persons with disabilities, the aged, the poor, and veterans. Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division. The Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division is organized into seven regional and functional sections that follow critical worldwide security, political, and economic developments for Congress. These include U.S. relations with individual countries, regional trends, and transnational issues such as terrorism, refugees, and other humanitarian crises, global health, nonproliferation, and global institutions such as the United Nations. The Division also addresses U.S. foreign aid programs, strategies, and resource allocations, State Department budget and functions, intemational debt, public diplomacy, and legislation on foreign relations. Research responsibilities include national security policy; military strategy; conflict dynamics; intelligence; U.S. and foreign weapons systems; military operations; defense acquisition; military compensation, health, and social issues in the military; the defense budget; cybersecurity in the defense and intelligence areas; and U.S. military bases. Key international economic developments as well as the roles and responsibilities of international financial institutions are also examined, as are trade-related legislation, policies, programs, and U.S. trade performance and investment flows. Attention is also given to trade negotiations and agreements, export promotion, import regulations, and tariffs.42 Government and Finance Division. The Government and Finance Division's work focuses on the organization, structure, operations, and management of Congress and its support agencies as well as the congressional budget and appropriations process and the legislative process. ‘Among the financial issues covered by the Division are banking, financial institutions, insurance, ‘mortgages, and securities, as well as taxation, public finance, fiscal and monetary policy, and the public debt. Other research addresses the interaction between taxes and interest rates and macroeconomic policy. In addition, the Division responds to requests on the organization, management, and funding of the federal executive and judicial branches, judicial and executive branch nominations, government personnel and the civil service, the presidency and vice presidency, and government information policy and privacy issues. The Division is responsible for policy work in the areas of intergovernmental relations and forms of federal aid, federalism, statehood and U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia, Also covered are economic development, federal planning for and response to emergencies, disasters, and acts of terrorism in the United States; survey research and public opinion polls; the census; reapportionment and redistricting; elections; and campaign finance, lobbying, and political parties. Knowledge Services Group. The Knowledge Services Group's information professionals respond to congressional requests and partner with CRS analysts and attomeys in providing authoritative and reliable information to Congress. They write descriptive products and contribute to analytical products in policy research areas, support analysts and Congress by finding solutions for their information needs, recommend new research strategies and resources, and create customized products in a variety of formats. Information professionals identify, evaluate, and recommend authoritative research materials in print and digital formats; evaluate, acquire, and maintain data and geospatial information; and provide or coordinate specialized training on the use of information resources. They also provide direct support to Congress in congressional reading rooms and research centers. Resources, Science, and Industry Division. The Resources, Science, and Industry Division covers an array of legislative issues for Congress involving natural resources and environmental ‘management, science and technology, and industry and infrastructure. Resources work includes policy analysis on public lands and other natural resources issues, environment, agriculture, food, fisheries, energy, and minerals, Science coverage includes policy analysis on civilian and military research and development issues, information and telecommunications, space, earth sciences, and general science and technology. Support on transportation and industry issues includes policy analysis on transportation and transportation infrastructure issues, industrial ‘market structure and regulation, and sector-specific industry analysis. RESEARCH SUPPORT Office of Congressional Information and Publishing. The Office of Congressional Information and Publishing facilitates and enhances congressional access to timely and authoritative legislative information and CRS public policy expertise. In close consultation with CRS authors, the Office edits, provides graphics and production support for, and publishes CRS reports and related products, It organizes, analyzes, and publishes legislative information, including summaries of all pending legislation, provided through the Congress.gov system, theB Legislative Information System (LIS), and THOMAS. The Office also works in partnership with other Library units, the Clerk of the House of Representatives, the Secretary of the Senate, the Government Publishing Office, and other legislative branch offices to ensure accurate, timely, and complete access to legislative information. It has a major role in legislative branch initiatives to develop, operate, and maintain legislative systems, The Office develops innovative tools to improve the understanding of legislative documents, responds to congressional queries about the use and content of the legislative information systems, and maintains authoritative Member and staff data for the handling of research requests to CRS. Office of the Counselor to the Director. The Office of the Counselor to the Director examines and defines policy and legal questions and issues affecting all aspects of the Service, and serves as the principal legal and policy advisor to the CRS Director, Deputy Director, and other senior management officials. The Office develops and coordinates matters relating to intemal CRS policies, particularly as they affect the Service's relationships with congressional clients and other legislative support agencies, and ensures that the Service complies with applicable guidelines and directives contained in the Reorganization Act. Additionally the office has responsibility for managing the receipt and assignment of congressional requests for CRS services that come into the Service through the Congressional Services Section, and supports ‘outreach to congressional clients. Office of Finance and Administration. The Office of Finance and Administration oversees the financial, procurement, and administrative programs of the Service. This includes coordinating the strategic planning, preparing the budget request, formulating and executing the financial operating plan, performing contracting and procurement actions, and supervising the Service's interaction with the Library in performing these functions and other operations. Office of Information Management and Technology. The Office of Information Management and Technology provides the information management capabilities and support required for CRS research and legislation-related activities, communications, and service to Congress. This includes planning, procurement, development, operations, security, and maintenance of the information technology infrastructure and systems required to support the CRS mission. The Office is also responsible for the overall information architecture and maintains information resources by identifying, assessing, acquiring, organizing, preserving, and tracking materials. Office of Workforce Management and Development. The Office of Workforce Management and Development manages the Service's ability to attract, develop, and retain quality talent needed to respond to the dynamic research, analysis, and information needs of Congress. The Office provides a comprehensive package of services and programs to support and strengthen CRS human capital capabilities. These services and programs extend to the arcas of staffing and workforce planning as well as performance management, training and development, and staff recognition. The office is also responsible for data management and analysis, workforce flexibilities, and personnel security. The Office serves as liaison and collaborates with other Library offices on human resource management issues and initiatives.44. F. CRS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART February 2014 ‘Administrative Operations Director —_ fee aaeecetaeecet Deputy Director || Review Office ‘American Law Divisi Counselor to the Director Domestic Social Policy Division Foreign Affairs, Defense, ‘and Trade Division Congressional Information ‘and Publishing oa ~| Finance and Administration Government and Finance -| Information Management Division tnd Technology Resources, Science, a 1] Workforce Management and industry Division ‘ ‘and Development Knowledge Services Group} ~45 G. LISTING OF ALL SENIOR LEVEL POSITIONS BY TITLE, GRADE LEVEL, AND INCUMBENT AT THE BEGINNING AND END OF FY2014 Asof Asof October 1.2013 September 3 Grade Incumbent Position Grade Incumbent Director, Congressional Statutory Mary Mazanee Same Same Same Research Service Rate Deputy Director, Congressional SL ‘Colleen Shogan Same Same Same Research Service Counselor tothe Director, su. Lizanne D.Kelley Same Same Same Office of the Counselor tothe Director Associate Director, Office of SL Clifford T.Cohen Same Sime Same Congressional Information and Publishing Associate Director, Office of SL Edward R. Jablonski Same Same Same Finance and Administration and Senior Specialist in Social and Information Sciences Chief Information Officer, st Lisa Hoppis Same Same Same Office of Information Management and Technology Associate Director, Office of SL Monica Woods Same Same Same ‘Workforce Management and Development and Senior Specialist in Social and Information Seiences Assistant Directo, American SL Karen J. Lewis Same Same Same Law Division and Senior Specialist in American Public Law Assistant Director, Domestic. SL LavraB. Shrestha Same Same Same Social Policy Division and Senior Specialist in Social Legislation Assistant Director, Foreign SL Michael Moodie Same Same Same Defense, and Trade Division and Senior Specialist in International Policy Assistant Director, Government SL John Haskell Same Same Same and Finance Division and Senior Specialist in American National Government Assistant Director, Knowledge SL Lillian Gassie Same Same Same Services Group and Senior Specialist in Social and Information Sciences46 Asof Asof October 1.2013, September 30,2014 Position Grade Incumben Position Grade Incumbent “Assistant Director, Resources, SL John L. Moore Same Same Same Science, and Industry Division ‘nd Senior Specialist in Environmental Policy Deputy Counselor to the SL Vacant Same Same Rachel A. Bournan' Director, Office of the Counselor tothe Director Deputy Chief Information sL Donna Scheeder Same Same Same (Officer, Office of Information Management and Technology Deputy Assistant Director, SL Terry J. Halstead Same Same Same “American Law Division and Deputy Assistant Director, sL Richard Rimkunas Same Same Same Domestie Socal Policy Division ‘and Specialist in Social Legislation Deputy Assistant Director, sk. Edward F.Bruner Same Same Vacant Foreign Affairs, Defense, and “Trade Division and Specialist in Foreign Affairs Deputy Assistant Director, SL Pamela Jackson Same Same Same ‘Government and Finance Division and Specialist in ‘American National Government Deputy Assistant Director, sL Lisa Dove same Same Same ‘Knowledge Services Group and Senioe Specialist Social and Information Seience Deputy Assistant Director, SL Lorel Wisniewski Same Same Vacant” Resources, Science, and Industry Division and Specialist in Environmental Policy Senior Advisor tothe Director SL Richard C. Eke Same Same Same ‘and Senior Specialist, Senior Specialist in Agricule SL Charles E. Hanrahan Seme Same Vacant tural Poliey Senior Specialistin American SL. Robert J. Dilger Same Same Same ‘National Government Senior Specialist in American SL. Walter J.Oleszek Same Same Same "National Government Senior Specialistin American SL Michael L, Koempel Same Same Same ‘National Government Senior Specialist in American SL Charles Doyle same Same Same Public Law47 Aor Asof Ostober 1.2013, sition Incumbent Rosition Grade Incumbent Senior Specialist in Economic SL Jane G. Gravelle Same Same Same Policy Senior Specialist in Science and SL Ete A. Fischer Same Same Same Technology Coordinator for Policy. SL Douglas A. Warshof Same Same — Vacant * Implementation and Spevalist Coordinator of Division su ity M. Eig, same Same Same Researeh and Specialist Coordinator of Division SL Vacant ‘Same ‘Same Same ® Research and Specialist, Cooedinaor of Division SL Kaen Spar Same Same Same Research and Specialist, Coordinator ofReview and SL Robin Grove same Same Same Specialist in Social and Information Seiences, Spesialiston the Congress SL Juih Schneider Same Same Same Specialist ia Eovironmental SL James, MeCanhy Same Same Same Paty Specilistin Resources and SL Claudia Copeland Same Same Same Environmental Policy | Rackel A. Bouman was appointed Deputy Counselor to the Director, Office of the Counselor to the Director on 01/2604 ? Edward F. Bruner retired 02/28/2014. Julie Kim was acting Deputy Assistant Director, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division from 03/09/14 to 06/14/14 and Zoe Danon was acting from 06/15/14 ate 10/12/14, * Lorel Wisniewski resigned 11/01/13. Charles E. Hanrahan was acting Deputy Assistant Director, Resources, Science, and Industry Division from 11/03/13 to 01/25/14, Betsy A. Cody was acting from 01/26/14 to 4/19/14, Brent D. Yacabucel from (04/20/14 to 07/18/14, and Glenn J. McLoughlin from O7/27/14 nte 10/24/14 * Charles E. Hanrahan retired 01/31/14. S Douglas A. Warshof retired 0627/14 * Molly F. Sherlock was acting Coordinator of Division Research and Specialist, Government and Finance Division from (08/24/14 notto-exceed 09/23/15,48 HH. LISTING OF ALL SPECIALIST AND SENIOR SPECIALIST PERSONNEL ACTIONS IN FY2014 Rachel A, Bouman was appointed Deputy Counselor to the Director, Office of the Counselor to the Director 01/26/14. Edward F, Bruner retired 02/28/2014. Betsy A. Cody was acting Deputy Assistant Director, Resources, Science, and Industry Division from 01/26/14 to 4/19/14. ‘Zoe Danon was acting Deputy Assistant Director, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division from 06/15/14 nte 10/12/14. Charles E, Hanrahan was acting Deputy Assistant Director, Resources, Science, and Industry Division from 11/03/13 to 01/25/14 and retired 01/31/14, Julie Kim was acting Deputy Assistant Director, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division from 03/09/14 to 06/14/14. Glenn J, McLoughlin was acting Deputy Assistant Director, Resources, Science, and Industry Division from 07/27/14 nte 10/24/14. Molly F, Sherlock was acting Coordinator of Division Research and Specialist, Government and Finance Division from 08/24/14 nte 09/23/15. Douglas A. Warshof retired 06/27/14. Lorel Wisniewski resigned 11/01/13. Brent D. Yacobueci was acting Deputy Assistant Director, Resources, Science, and Industry Division from 04/20/14 to 07/18/14.49 1. LISTING OF ALL SENIOR LEVEL POSITION CHANGES IN FY2014 ‘There were no changes in senior level positions in FY2014,J. NEW CRS PRODUCTS IN FY2014 This appendix contains CRS written and Web products prepared for the Congress in FY2014. The products are arranged alphabetically by selected categories and may appear in more than one category. Congressional users can view the full text of produets by visiting the CRS Web site (www.crs.g0v). ‘The appendix lists CRS products available for congressional distribution as of September 30, 2014, ([t does not include the many CRS products prepared at the specific request of individual Members of Congress. These products are not disseminated further without the permission of the requesting office.) Agriculture ‘The 2014 Farm Bill (Agricultural Act of 2014, P.L. 113-79), by Renée Johnson. (IF00014) Agricultural Exports and 2014 Farm Bill Programs: Background and Issues, by Mark A. MeMinimy. 2 p. (R43696) Agriculture, by Tustin Murray. (AST167) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2015 “Appropriations, by Jim Monke, Coordinator, Rene S, Miller, Remy Jurenas, Randy Schnepf, Dennis A, Shields, Tadlock Cowan, Megan Stubbs, Renée Johnson, Randy Alison ‘Aussenberg, Susan Thaul and Joel L. Greene. 85 p. (R43669) ‘Agriculture in the WTO Bali Ministerial Agreement, by Randy Schnepf. 10 p. (R43592) ‘Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: FDA's Current “Activities, by Sarah A. Lister and Joel L. Greene, (IF00017) Background on the Scheduled Reduction to ‘Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Benefits, by Gene Falk and Randy Allison Aussenberg. 6 p. (R43257) Brewers and Some Members Not Raising Their Glasses to Proposed FDA Rule, by Emily M. Lanza. (WSLG944) Congressional Efforts to Reduce Restrictions on Growing Industrial Hemp, by Renée Johnson, 1p. (IN10087) Conservation Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (PLL. 113-79), by Megan Stubbs. 35 p, (RA3504) Crop Insurance Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (PLL. 113-79), by Dennis A. Shields. 24 p. (3494) Dairy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79), bby Randy Schnepf. 26 p. (R43465) Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P-L. 113+ "79), by Randy Schnepf. 30 p. (R43416) Farm Commodity Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (PLL, 113-79), by Dennis A. Shields. 32 p. (R43448) Following the Debate on White Potatoes in the WIC Program, by Randy Alison Aussenberg. |p. (1N10060) Food Fraud and “Economically Motivated ‘Adulteration” of Food and Food Ingredients, by Renée Johnson, 40 p. (R43358) Forestry Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113~ 79), by Katie Hoover. 13 p. (R43431) Forest Service Categorical Exclusions under the Farm Bill: CE-E-1-0, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG822) FY2015 Agriculture and Related Agencies ‘Appropriations, by Jim Monke. (100023) Implementation ofthe FDA Food Saety ‘Modemization Act (FSMA, PL. 111-353), by Renée Johnson. 18 p. (R43 724) In Proposed Regulation of Tobacco Products, FDA eaves Room for Premium Cigar Industry to Make Case that It Should Remain Unregulated, by Jane M. Smith. (WSLG931) Mandatory Fees for Commodity Promotion Spread Far from the Farm, by Remy Jurenas and Mare Levinson. 1p. (IN10061) Mexican Sugar Import Dispute, by Mark A ‘MeMinimy. | p. QNIO144) Overview of Farm Safety Net Programs, by Dennis, A. Shields. (1FO0025) “The following actonyms ae used: AST = appropriations product, IF in focus, IN~ insight, R = report, RL= report, WPE = seminar, WRE = recorded event, WSLG ™ legal sidebar, and WVB = video brePorcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDv): Impact on ‘Hog Industry, by Joel L. Greene. |p. (IN10017) Reauthorization of SNAP and Other Nutrition Programs in the Next Farm Bill: Issues for the 113th Congress, by Randy Alison Aussenberg. 50 p. (R43332) Reductions to Mandatory Agricultural Conservation Programs in Appropriations Law, by Megan ‘Stubbs. (IFO0036) ‘The Renewable Fuel Standard: In Brief, by Kelsi Bracmort. 8p. (R43325) Rural Development Provisions inthe 2014 Farm Bill (PL. 113-79), by Tadlock Cowan. 31 p. (Ra3718) Russia's Ban on Certain Imported Food and ‘Agricultural Goods, by Joel L. Greene. 1p. aNi0133) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Related Non- “Yariff Bartiers to Agricultural Trade, by Renée Johnson, 6 p. (R43450) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Continuing Appropriae tions Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (ASTIa9) Specialty Crop Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (PL. 113-79), by Renée Johnson. 27 p. (R43632) ‘The U.S. Wine Industry and Selected Trade Issues With the European Union, by Renée Johnson. 17 p, (RA3658) Appropriations and Budget 2014 Omnibus Appropriations: Controlling Federal ‘Agencies through Appropriations, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLG789) ‘Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and ‘Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations, by Jessica Tollestrup. 27 p. (R43482) Agriculture, by Justin Murray. (AST167) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2015 ‘Appropriations, by Jim Monke, Coordinator, Rena S. Miller, Remy Jurenas, Randy Schnepf, Dennis A. Shields, Tadlock Cowan, Megan Stubbs, Renée Johnson, Randy Alison ‘Aussenberg, Susan Thaul and Joel L, Greene. 85 p. (R43669) 51 Appropriations Process, by Jessica Tollestrup. (WPE2253) Appropriations Process, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2138) [Appropriations Process, by S. Stephen Dagadakis (WPE2295) Amy Comps Civil Works Fundi Nicole T. Carter, (1F00012) Border Security and Enforcement Continuing ‘Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST1S3) Brief History of NIH Funding: Fact Sheet, by Judith A. Johnson. 5 p. (R43341) ‘The Budget Control Act of 2011: Legislative ‘Changes to the Law and Their Budgetary Effects, by Mindy R. Levit. 12 p. (R43411) Budget Resolutions and Reconciliation, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2136) ‘Budget Resolutions and Reconciliation, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2137) ‘Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Indian Education, and Indian Health Service Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (ASTIS4) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services President's FY2015 Budget, by Alison Mitchell, Coordinator, Kirsten J. Colello, Patricia A. Davis, Adrienne L. Femandes- ‘Alcantara, Jim Hahn, Judith A. Johnson, ‘Suzanne M. Kirchhoff, Annie L. Mach, Paulette C. Morgan, William R. Morton, ‘Amanda K, Sarata, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Jennifer A. Staman, Emilie Stoltzfus, Scott R. ‘Talaga, Susan Thaul, Sibyl Tilson, Evelyne P. Baumrucker, Cliff Binder and Andorra Bruno. 67 p. (R43446) Commerce, Justice, Science, by Justin Murray. (ASTI68) Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations, by Nathan James, Coordinator, John F. Sargent Jr., Coordinator, Jennifer D. Williams, Coordinator, Heather B Gonzalez, Kristin Finklea, Carmen Solomon- Fears, Lisa N. Sacco, Dana A. Shea, lan F. Fergusson, Abigail B. Rudman, Harold F. Upton, Glenn J. McLoughlin, Linda K, Moore, William J, Krouse, Daniel Morgan, M. Angeles Villarreal and Eugene Boyd. 59 p. (R43509) A Primer, by “The following acronyms are used: AST = appropriations produe,IF=in focus, IN insight, R= report, RL report, WPE ~semier, WRE= recorded event, WSLG = lepal Sidebar and WV ™ video biCongressional Action on FY2014 Appropriations “Measures, by Jessica Tollestrup. 17 p. (R43338) Continuing Appropriations Resolution, FY2015, by Justin Murray. (AST183) ‘The Debt Limit Since 2011, by D: Andrew Austin, 19 p. (R43389) Defense, by Justin Murray. (AST169) Defense: FY2014 Authorization and Appropriations, by Pat Towell, Coordinator and Amy Belasco. 82 p. (R43323) Department of Housing and Urban Development: FY2015 Appropriations, by Libby Perl, Katie Jones and Eugene Boyd. 16 p. (R43548) Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2015 Budget Request Overview and Resourees, by Libby Perl and Katie ones 4p (Ra3427) DOD Program Funding: 2014 Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program, by Don J. Jansen. 1p. (IN10002) Energy and Water, by Justin Murray. (ASTI70) Energy and Water Development: FY2015 “Appropriations, by Carl E. Behrens, Coordinator, David M, Bearden, Nicole T- Carter, Charis V. Stem, Heather B. Gonzalez Mark Holt, Jonathan E. Medalia, Fred Sisine, Anthony Andrews and Peter Folger. 56 p (RA3587) Environmental Proteetion Agency (EPA “Appropriations for FY2014 in P.L, 113-76, by Robere Esworthy and David M, Bearden. 31 p. (843689) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): FY2015 “Appropriations, by Robert Esworthy. 18 p. (RA3709) ‘The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2015 and Beyond, by Mindy R. Levit. 1p. (43472) Federal Emergency Management Agency Continuing “Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST158) Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2015, by John F. Sargent Jr., Coordinator, Jim Monke, Daniel Morgan, Heather B, Gonzalez, Harold F. Upton, Robert Esworthy, Judith A. Johnson and John D. Moteff. $8 p. (R43580) Financial Services, by Justin Murray. (ASTI71) 52 Financial Services and General Government (FSGG): FY2014 Appropriations, by Baird ‘Webel, Coordinator, David F. Burrell, Kevin J. Coleman, Robert Jay Dilger, Patricia Moloney Figliola, R. Sam Garrett, Darryl E. Getter, Wendy Ginsberg, Matthew E. Glassman, Gary Guenther, L. Elaine Halchin, Garrett Hatch, Kevin R. Kosar, Sean Lowry, Gerald Mayer, Barbara L. Schwemle, Gary Shorter, Mark P. Sullivan and Eugene Boyd. 84 p. (R43352) Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2015 Appropriations ‘and Policy, by M. Lynne Com. 2 p. (R43678) Food and Drug Administration Continuing ‘Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin ‘Murray, (ASTIS1) Forest Service Appropriations, FY2010-FY2014: In Brief, by Katie Hoover. 12 p. (R43417) Funding for the Impact Aid Program: Options for ‘Budget Year Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Appropriations, by Jessica Tollestrup and Rebecca R. Skinner. 14 p. (R43657) FY2014 Appropriations: District of Columbia, by Eugene Boyd. 17 p. (R43253) FY2014 Appropriations Lapse and the Department of Homeland Security: Impact and Legislation, by William L. Painter. 18 p. (R43252) FY2014 Continuing Appropriations Act, (through Jan, 15, 2014), by Justin Murray. (ASTI63) FY2014 Continuing Resolutions: Overview of ‘Components, by Jessica Tollestrup. 10 p. (43405) FY2014 Continuing Resolutions (through January 15, 2013), by Justin Murray. (ASTI64) FY2014 Continuing Resolution (through January 15, 2014), by Justin Murray. (AST180) FY2014 Continuing Resolution (through January 18, 2014), by Justin Murray. (AST163) FY2014 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Introduced 7/23/2014, by Justin Murray (ASTI81) FY2014 Iron Dome Supplemental Appropriations, by Justin Murray. (ASTI82) FY2014 Omnibus, by Justin Murray. (AST166) FY2014 Status Table of Appropriations, by Merete F. Gerli, Jared C. Nagel and Justin Murray. (APPROPRIATIONSSTATUSTABLE_ 2014) “The following acronyin ae used: AST = appropriations produc, IF =n focus, IN= insight, R = report, RL report, WPE ~semina, WRE= recorded event, WSLG = legal sides, and WV = vdeo brie.FY2014 Supplemental Appropriations Request, by William L. Painter. 1 p. (IN10100) FY2014 Supplemental Appropriations: Senate- Introduced 8.2648, by Jennifer E. Lake and William L. Painter. Ip. (IN10112) FY2015 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, by Jim Monke, (1F00023) FY2015 Budget Documents: Intemet and GPO Availability, by Jared C. Nagel. 6p. (R43475) FY2015 Budget Enforcement in Lieu of a Budget Resolution, by Megan S. Lyneh. | p. (INI0071) FY2015 Budget Resolution, by Justin Murray. (asT179) FY2015 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related ‘Agencies Appropriations: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nathan James. 4 p. (R43508) FY2015 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by ‘Marv Goldstein, (WPE2182) FY2015 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2266) FY 2015 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by Pat ‘Towell, Amy Belasco, Ronald O'Rourke, David F. Burrelli and Catherine Dale. (WREDO080) FY2015 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by Ronald O’Rourke, Amy Belasco, Catherine Dale, Pat Towell and David F. Burrell «wvBo0021) FY2015 Department of Housing and Urban Development Appropriations: Fact Sheet, by Libby Perl, Eugene Boyd and Katie Jones. | p. (RA3578) FY2015 Federal Research and Development Funding: Issues for Congress, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2265) FY2015 Federal Research and Development Funding: Issues for Congress, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2267) FY2015 Federal Research and Development Funding: Issues for Congress, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2268) FY2015 International Affairs Budget: Issues for Congress, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2180) “Head Start Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (ASTIS7) H.J.Res, 124, the FY2015 Continuing Resolution, by Jessica Tollestrup. 1 p. (IN10148) Homeland Security, by Justin Murray. (AST172) Impact Aid Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST156) Impact Aid Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST159) In Brief: CRS Resources on the FY2014 Funding Gap, Shutdown, and Status of Appropriations, by Justin Murray. 4 p. (R43250) Interior and Environment, by Justin Murray (ASTI73) Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations Requested by the President, by Carol Hardy Vincent. 9p (eassi7, Judictary Budget Request, FY2015, by Matthew E. Glassman, (IF00020) Labor, HHS, and Education, by Justin Murray. (asti74) Legislative Branch, by Justin Murray. (ASTI75) Legislative Branch Appropriations: Frequently Asked Questions, by Ida A, Brudnick. 6 p. (R43397) Legislative Branch: FY2015 Appropriations, by Ida ‘A. Brudnick and R. Eric Petersen. 25 p. (43557) Making appropriations for the salaries and related expenses of certain Federal employees during a lapse in funding authority for fiscal year 2014, and for other purposes, by Justin Murray. (ASTI60) Making continuing appropriations during ‘Government shutdown to provide pay and allowances to members of the reserve ‘components of the Armed Forces who perform inactive-duty training during such period,, by Justin Murray. (AST148) Making continuing appropriations for death gratuities ‘and related survivor benefits for survivors of deceased military service members ofthe Department of Defense for fiseal year 2014, and for other purposes, by Justin Murray (astis2) Making Continuing Appropriations for National Park Service Operations, Smithsonian, National Gallery of Art, and the United States Holocaust Museum for FY2014, by Justin Murray (asTid4) ‘Making continuing appropriations forthe Federal ‘Aviation Administration for fiscal year 2014, and for other purposes, by Justin Murray (asti61) “The following acronyms ae wed: AST ~ appropriations prodct, IF = infocus IN = insight R= eport, RL = report, WPE =semina, WRE = recorded event, WSL = egal sidebar, and WV = video hie.‘Making continuing appropriations for the National Institutes of Health for FY2014, and for other purposes, by Justin Murray. (AST147) ‘Making continuing appropriations for veterans ‘benefits for FY2014, and for other purposes, by Justin Murray. (AST146) Making continuing appropriations of local funds of the District of Columbia for FY2014, by Justin ‘Murray. (AST145) Military Construction-Veterans A fairs, by Justin Murray. (AST176) NASA Appropriations and Authorizations: A Fact, ‘Sheet, by Daniel Morgan. 4 p. (R43419) National Intelligence Program Operations Continuing "Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST1S2) National Nuclear Security Administration Continuing, ‘Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin ‘Murray. (AST150) National Weather Service Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (ASTI55) Older Americans Act: FY2014 Appropriations Overview, by Kirsten J, Colello and Angela Napili, 20 p. (R43423) Overview of Legislative Changes to the Budget Control Act of 2011 and Their Budgetary Effects, by Mindy R. Levit. 1 p. IN10081) Overview of the Federal Budget Process, by Jessica ‘Tollestrup. (WPE2255) Overview of the Federal Budget Process, by Justin T Paulhamus. (WPE1822) Overview of the Federal Budget Process, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2108) Overview of the Federal Budget Process, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2134) Overview of the Federal Budget Process, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2135) Overview of the Federal Budget Process, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2263) ‘Overview of the Federal Budget Process, by Megan 'S. Lynch. (WPE2254) Pay Our Military Act, by Justin Murray. (ASTI43) President and The Budget, by Justin T, Paulhamus. (WPE1824) President and The Budget, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE1825) 54 President and The Budget, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2177) Provisions in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 es an ‘Alternative to a Traditional Budget Resolution, by Megan S. Lynch. 11 p. (R43535) Public Health Service Agencies: Overview and Funding, by C. Stephen Redhead, Coordinator ‘Amalia K, Corby-Edwards, Coordinator, Sarah ‘A. Lister, Amanda K. Sarata, Erin Bagalman, Elayne J. Heisler, Susan Thaul and Pamela W. Smith, 51 p. (R43304) Reducing Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Military Retirees and the Bipartisan Budget Act: In Brief, by Amy Belasco. 8 p. (R43393) Reducing the Budget Deficit: Overview of Policy Issues, by Mare Labonte. 20 p, (R43680) SAMHSA FY2015 Budget Request and Funding History: A Fact Sheet, by Erin Bagalman. 1 p. (43681) Selected Agency Budget Justifications for FY2015, bby Justin Murray. 4 p. (R43470) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Continuing Appropria- tions Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST149) State-Foreign Operations, by Justin Murray. (asti77) ‘State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2015 Budget and Appropriations, by Susan B. Epstein, Alex Tiersky and Marian L. Lawson. 27 p. (R43569) ‘Summary Report: FY2014 Supplemental ‘Appropriations, by William L. (R366) Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Assistance Summary Data and Analysis, by Bruce R. Lindsay and Justin Murray. 15 p. (R43665) ‘Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, ‘and Related Agencies (THUD): FY2015 ‘Appropriations, by David Randall Peterman ‘and Libby Perl. 25 p. (R43582) ‘Transportation-HUD, by Justin Murray. (AST178) USS. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2015 Appropriations, by Peter J. Meyer. 16 p. (R43577) Veterans’ Medical Care: FY2015 Appropriations, by ‘Sidath Viranga Panangala. 20 p. (R43547) er. 6 p. “The folowing acronyms ae used: AST ~ appropriations produc, IF =n focus, IN= insight R = report, RL report, WPE = seminar, WRE= secotded event, WSLG = legal sidebar and WVB = video brie.What Is the Relationship Between the Social Security ‘Trust Funds and the Federal Budget?, by Noah P. Meyerson. I p. (INI0120) Defense ‘The “1033 Program,” Department of Defense Support to Law Enforcement, by Daniel H. Else. 7 p. (R43701) ‘The 1990s: The Perry Report, Section $00 Panel, and More, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2159) 2000-2011: An Analysis of Key Reports and the Impact of War on Acquisition Reform, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2160) ‘The 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and Defense Strategy: Issues for Congress, by Catherine Dale. 19 p. (R43403) Alleged Chinese Government Cyber Theft of U.S. ‘Commercial Trade Secrets, by Wayne M. Morrison, John W. Rollins and Susan V. Lawrence. 1 p. (IN10079) Amned Services Committees Reach Compromise on Wartime Detention Provisions of 2014 NDAA, by Michael John Garcia. (WSLG745) ‘Amy Active-Reserve Mix: Insights from Contempo- rary Studies, by Andrew Feickert and Lawrence Kapp. 1 p. (INI0003) Amy Corps Civil Works Funding: A Primer, by ‘Nicole T. Carter. (1F00012) ‘Amy Comps of Engineers Must Pay Arkansas $5.8 Million for Flooding of Wildlife Management ‘Area: Climate Change Implications?, by Robert ‘Meltz. (WSLG754) Budget Highlight: Air Force Long Range Strike ‘Bomber, by Jeremiah Gertler. 1 p. (IN10095) C-130 Hercules: Background, Sustainment, Moderni- zation, Issues for Congress, by Timrek Heisler. 56 p. (R43618) Considerations for Possible Authorization for Use of Military Force Against the Islamic State, by Matthew C. Weed. I p. (INI0147) ‘The Cost of Nuclear Weapons: Program and Budget Issues for Congress, by Marv Goldstein (WPE2118) Crisis in Irag: Securing U.S. Citizens, Personnel, and Facilities, by Alex Tiersky. 1 p. (010090) Defense, by Justin Muray. (AST168) Defense Acquistion Reform: Background, Analysis, and Issues for Congress, by Moshe Schwarz 29 p. (R43566) Defense Acquisition Session 2 - March 17 The Foundation of Modern Acquisition Reform (1970-1986): The Fitzhugh and Packard Reports, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2163) Defense Acquistion Session 3 - March 24 The 1990s: The Perry Report, Section 800 Panel, and More, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2164) Defense Acquisitions - Session 1 March 10 Overview of Defense Acquisitions, by Marv Goldstein (WPE2161) Defense Acquisitions Session | - March 10 Overview ‘of Defense Acquisitions, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2I65) Defense Acquisitions Session 4 March 31 2000- 2011: An Analysis of Key Reports and the Impact of War on Acquisition Reform, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2162) Defense Acquisitions Session 4 - March 31 2000- 2011: An Analysis of Key Reports and the Impact of War on Acquisition Reform, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2167) Defense Acquisitions Session 5 -April 7 Recent Initiatives: From Better Buying Power to Congressional Action, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2166) Defense Acquisitions: The Foundation of Modern ‘Acquisition Reform (1970-1986): The Fitzhugh and Packard Reports, by Moshe Schwartz (WRED0081) Defense Acquisitions: The Foundation of Modem ‘Acquisition Reform (1970-1986): The Fitzhugh ‘and Packard Reports, by Moshe Schvvartz ‘¢wvB00022) Defense Acquisitions: The 1990s: The Perry Report, Section 800 Panel, and More, by Moshe Schwartz, (WRE0082) Defense Acquisitions: The 1990s: The Perry Report, Section 800 Panel, and More, by Moshe Schwartz, (WVB00024) Defense Acquisitions: What Can We Learn From Past Reform Efforts?, by Moshe Schwartz (WRED0079) Defense Acquisitions: What Can We Lea From Past Reform Efforts?, by Moshe Schwartz. ¢WVB00020) ‘The following acronyms are wed: AST = appropriations product, IF = in focus, TN = insight, R= epot, RL = report, WPE =seminar, WRE= recorded event, WSLG™ legal sidebar, and WB = vdeo bre,Defense: FY2014 Authorization and Appropriations, by Pat Towell, Coordinator and Amy Belasco. 82 p. (R43323) Defense Health Care: 2015 TRICARE Fee Change Proposals, by Don J. Jansen. I p. ([N10004) ‘The Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA), by Daniel H. Else and Jared T. Brown. (IF00004) ‘The Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA): In Brief, by Daniel H, Else and Jared T. Brown, (@NB00004) Department of Veterans Affairs Proposes Rule to Standardize Appeal Forms, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLG914) DOD Program Funding: 2014 Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program, by Don J. Jansen. | p. (IN10002) Federal Law Update-11 Legal Developments Conceming U.S. Military Operations, Wartime Detention, and Prosecution of War Crimes, by Jennifer K. Elsea and Michael John Garcia, (WPE2308) FLU Preview: Legal Developments Concerning U.S. Military Operations, Wartime Detention, and Prosecution of War Crimes, by Michael John Garcia and Jennifer K. Elsea, (WSLG1060) Former U.S. Hostages of Iran May Receive ‘Compensation, by Jennifer K. Elsea. (WSLG704) ‘The Foundation of Modern Acquisition Reform (1970-1986): The Fitzhugh and Packard Reports, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2155) ‘The Foundation of Modern Acquisition Reform (1970-1986): The Fitzhugh and Packard Reports, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2158) FY2015 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2182) PY2015 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by ‘Mary Goldstein, (WPE2266) FY 2015 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by Pat ‘Towell, Amy Belasco, Ronald O'Rourke, David F, Burrelli and Catherine Dale, (WREDO080) FY2015 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke, Amy Belasco, Catherine Dale, Pat Towell and David F. Burrell (wvBo0021) FY2015 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues, by David F. Burrell, Coordinator, Don J. Jansen, Barbara 36 Salazar Torreon and Lawrence Kapp. 21 p. (R43647) Getting Health Care Outside the VA, by Matthew B. Bary and Erin Bagalman. | p. (IN10074) Improving Health Care Access for Veterans: H.R. 3230, by Sidath Viranga Panangala. 16 p. (43646) In Brief: U.S. Nuclear Weapon “Pit” Production: ‘Background and Options, by Jonathan E. ‘Medalia, p. (R43428) TInereased Department of Defense Role in US. Ebola Response, by Don J. Jansen. I p. (av10152) Intelligence Reform Recommendations: The Presidential Review Group, Pt. 1, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG771) Intelligence Reform Recommendations: The Presidential Review Group, Pt 2, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG772) ‘Making continuing appropriations for death gratuities and related survivor benefits for survivors of deceased military service members of the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2014, and for other purposes, by Justin Murray. (asT162) ‘Manufacturing Nuclear Weapon “Pits”: A Decision- ‘making Approach for Congress, by Jonathan E. ‘Medalia, 33 p. (R43685) Marine Corps Drawdown, Force Structure Initiatives, ‘and Roles and Missions: Background and Issues for Congress, by Andrew Feickert. 18 p. (RA3355) ‘The “Militarization” of Law Enforcement and the Department of Defense’s “1033 Program,” by ‘Nathan James and Daniel H. Else. 1p. aNt0138) Military Base Closures: Frequently Asked Questions, by Daniel H. Else. 4 p. (R43425) Military Construction-Veterans Affairs, by Justin ‘Murray. (AST176) Military Discharge Status and Veterans Benefits, by ‘Umar Moulta-Ali, 1 p. (IN10091) National Intelligence Program Operations Continuing ‘Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin, ‘Murray. (AST152) ‘National Nuclear Security Administration Continuing "Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST150) “The following acronyms are used: AST appropriations proguc, IF =n focus, IN~ insight, R= report, RL= repr, WPE seminar, WRE = recorded event, WSLCT = legal Sidebar and WVB = video brit‘Navy LX(R) Amphibious Ship Program: Background and Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke 9p. (RA3S43) Navy's Award of New Marine One Contract Revives Questions about Competition Requirements for Federal Contracts, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG948) Navy TAO(X) Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congres, by Ronald O'Rourke. 10 p. (R43546) [No Remedy for Drone Deaths, by Jennifer K, Fisea, (WSLG907) Overview of Defense Acquisitions, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2153) ‘Overview of Defense Acquisitions, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2157) Pay Our Military Act, by Justin Murray. (AST143) Possible Missile Attack on Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, by Jeremiah Gertler. I p. @aNi0115) Possible US. Air Strikes in Iraq, by Jeremiah Gertler Tp. (IN10092) Proposed Train and Equip Authorities for Syria: In Brief, by Christopher M. Blanchard. I p. Ras727) ‘The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR), by Susan B. Epstein, Coordinator and Alex Tiersky. 1 p. (IN10139) Reducing Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Military Retirees and the Bipartisan Budget Act: In Brief, by Amy Belasco. 8 p. (R43393) Russia's Compliance with the INF Treaty, by Amy F. Woolf. I p. (IN10038) SSCI Approves Bill Addressing NSA Surveillance Controversy. (WSLG721) ‘Two New Challenges to Military Commission Convictions, by Jennifer K. Elsea. (WSLG732) USS. Affica Command (AFRICOM), by Lauren Ploch Blanchard. (1F00029) Use of Force Considerations in Iraq, by Matthew C. ‘Weed, Ip. (IN10106) U.S. Military Action Against the Islamic State: ‘Answers to Frequently Asked Legal Questions, by Michael John Garcia and Jennifer K. Elsea. 20 p. (R43720) U.S. Nuclear Forces Under New START, by Amy F. Woolf. 1 p. (EN10013) 37 US, Nuclear Weapon “Pit” Production Options for Congress, by Jonathan E. Medalia. 84 p. (R43406) U.S. Nuclear Weapons Programs: Brown Bag Lunch, bby Mary Goldstein. (WPE2140) USS. Cole Bombing Military Commission Trial Can (Go Forward, by Jennifer K. Elsea. (WSLG778) U.S.-Vietnam Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: fighlights, by Mary Beth D. Nikitin, Mark E. Manyin and Mark Holt. 1 p. (IN10057) U.S--Viettam Nuclear Cooperation Agreement Issues for Congress, by Mary Beth D. Nikitin, Mark E, Manyin and Mark Holt. 14 p. (R43433) VA Takes Steps to Increase Health Care Data ‘Transparency, by Erin Bagalman. 1 p. (aN10083) Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Ac of 2014 (HR. 3230; PLL. 113-146), by Elayne J. Heisler, Maeve P. Carey, Cassandria Dortch and Sidath Viranga Panangala 21 p, (R43704) ‘Veterans Benefits: The Department of Veterans “Affairs and the Duty to Assist Claimants, by Daniel T, Shedd. 11 p. (R43740) Veterans’ Medical Care: FY2015 Appropriations, by Sidath Viranga Panangala. 20 p. (R43547) Veterans Patient Satisfaction Data: A Possible ‘Complement to Wait Time Data, by Amanda K. Sarata, 1p. (IN10093) ‘Vietnam Veterans Discharged Under Other Than Honorable Conditions File Class Action Lawsuit, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLG979) Wait Times for Veterans Health Not New, by Sidath Viranga Panangala. 1 p. (IN10063) ‘When Can the President Use Military Force to Rescue ot Protect U.S. Persons Abroad? by Victoria Slatton and Michael John Gareia. (WSLG974) Will the Guantanamo Bay Prisoner Exchange Influence Congress's Consideration of the Defense Authorization Bill2, by Michee! John Garcia. (WSLG956) Economy, Finance, and Recovery ‘Affordable Housing Provisions in Selected Housing Finance Reform Proposals, by Sean M. Hoskins, N. Bric Weiss and Katie Jones, 1p. (R43507) “The following scronyms are used: AST = appropriations product, IF =n focus, IN insight, R~ report, RL. =reprt, WPE =seminr, WRE = recorded event, WSLG = eal shlebar, and WV = video biAlternative Inflation Measures for the Social Security Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA), by Noah P. Meyerson. 15 p. (R43363) ‘An Analysis of the Geographic Distribution of the ‘Mortgage Interest Deduction, by Mark P. Keightley. 17 p. (R43385) Appeals Court Finds Set-Asides for Small Businesses ‘Not Barred by Workforce Investment Act, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG738) ‘Are Public Pensions Protected in Bankruptey?, by Carol A. Pettit. (WSLG776) Basies of Capital Regulation and Financial Risk, by Darryl E. Getter. (WREOO078) Basics of Capital Regulation and Financial Risk, by Darryl E. Getter. (WVBO0016) Basics of Capital Regulation and Financial Risk, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2117) Bitcoin Beware-~CFPB Has Its Sights on Virtual Currencies, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG1032) Bitcoin: Questions, Answers, and Analysis of Legal Issues, by Craig K. Evel, Michael V. Seitzinger and M. Maureen Murphy. 17 p. (843339) Bitcoin: What I It and What Are Some of the Concerns of the Federal Government with I, by Craig K. Elwell, (WVBO0032) BoA to Pay $45 Million in Civil Penalties and More Than $700 Million in Consumer Relief for Alleged Unfair and Deceptive Credit Card Practices, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG895) Bonus Depreciation: Economic and Budgetary Tssues, by Jane G. Gravelle. 16 p. (R43432) Budgetary and Distributional Effects of Adopting the Chained CPI, by Donald J. Marples. 1p. (43347) Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs), Structure, Use, and Implementation of the Volcker Rule, by Edward V. Murphy. (1F00022) ‘Comeast-Time Wamer Cable Merger, by Angele A. Gilroy and Lennard G, Kruger. (1F00010) ‘The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United ‘States, by James K.. Jackson. (IF00027) ‘The Commodity Futures Trading Commission's ‘Cost-Benefit Requirements and HLR. 4413, by Rena S, Miller and Maeve P. Carey. 1p. N10094) The following acronyms ae wed: AST = appropriation prod, IF = 38 Community Development Block Grants and Related Programs: A Primer, by Eugene Boyd. 20 p. (43520) Community Development Block Grants: Recent Funding History, by Eugene Boyd. 25 p. (843394) Conflict Mincrals and Resource Extraction: Dodd- Frank, SEC Regulations, and Legal Challenges, by Michael V. Seitzinger and Kathleen Ann. Ruane. 17 p. (R43639) ‘Corporate Compensation Disclosure Legislation in the 113th Congress, by Gary Shorter. 21 p. (R43262) Corporate Expatration, Inversions, and Mergers: ‘Tax Issues, by Donald J. Marples and Jane G. Gravelle. Ip. (R43568) Costs of Government Interventions in Response to the Financial Crisis: A Retrospective, by Marc Labonte and Baird Webel. Ip. (R43413) Could the SEC's Administrative Forum Have Constitutional Problems?, by Michael V. Scitzinger. (WSLG1048) CRS Centennial Symposium: Session 3, “America’s Place in the Global Economy: What's Next?” by Mare Labonte. (WRE00088) ‘CRS Centennial Symposium: Session 3, “America’s Place in the Global Economy: What's Next?,” bby Mare Labonte, (WREQO089) ‘CRS Centennial Symposium: Session 3, “America’s Place in the Global Economy: What’s Next?,” by Mare Labonte. (WVBO0036) Cyberattacks on Target and Other Retailers, by N. Erie Weiss and Rena S. Mille. 1 p. (IN10049) Dark Pools in Equity Trading: Policy Concems and Recent Developments, by Rena S. Miller and Gary Shorter. 14 p. (R43739) “Dark Pools” In Equity Trading: Significance and Recent Developments, by Rena S, Miller and Gary Shorter. I p. (IN10140) Debates over “Currency Manipulation,” by Rebecea M. Nelson. (IF00045) Debit Card Interchange Fee Rule Upheld by DC Circuit; Merchants May Seek Further Review, by M, Maureen Murphy. (WSLG878) ‘Deductibility of JPMorgan Settlement, by Erika K. Lunder. (WSLG727) infocus, IN~ insight, R = report, RL= report, WPE = seminar, WRE=Deposits in U.S. Branches in Foreign Countries Are ‘Not FDIC-Insured, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG701) Designating Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs), by Mare Labonte. 1 p. cIN1o141) DOJ & Bank of America Enter Biggest Civil Settlement in U.S. History, by David H. ‘Carpenter. (WSLG1041), DOJ & FDIC Impose Tens of Millions in Civil Penalties, Restitution, & Remediation, by R. Chuck Mason and David H. Carpenter. (WSLG940) ‘The Effectiveness of the Community Reinvestment ‘Act, by Darryl E. Getter. 22 p. (R43661) ‘The Effect of Firm Bankruptcy on Retiree Benefits, ‘with Applications to the Automotive and Coal Industries, by Carol Rapaport. 24 p. (R43732) Efforts to Delay the Gradual Elimination of Flood Insurance Premium Subsidies, by Rawle O. King. 23 p. (R43395) Expand the EITC or the Minimum Wage to Help Low-Income Americans: Is One More Effective?, by Margot L. Crandall-Hollick, 1 p aNi0007) Export-Import Bank: Overview and Reauthorization Tssues, by Shayerah Ilias Akhtar. 37 p, (R43581) Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Debate, by Shayerah Ilias Akhtar. I p.(IN10097) Export-Import Bank Reauthorization: Frequently ‘Asked Questions, by Shayerah Iliss Akhtar, Coordinator, Mindy R. Levit, Julia Taylor and David H. Carpenter. 55 p. (R43671) Export-Import Bank Reauthorization: Issues for Congress, by Mindy R. Levit and David H. Carpenter. (WPE2280) Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank and the Federal Budget, by Mindy R. Levit. (1F00039) Extraterritorality in Securities Regulation: Morrison 1: National Australia Bank, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG779) FDIC Moves to Modify Guidan Banking Services for Certain Legitimate Businesses, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG1023) Federal Financial Conflict of Interest Rules and Biomedical Research: A Legal Overview, by ‘Andrew Nolan. 22 p. (R43693) “The following acronyms are used: AST = appropriations produc, corded event, WSLO = legal sidebar, and WWE video brie 59 Foderal Law Update-09 Regulation of Data Security & Safeguarding of Customer Information Under GLBA and Section Sof the FTC Act, by M, Maureen Murphy and Gina Stevens (WPE2306) Federal Minimum Wage, Tax-Transfer Barings Supplements, and Poverty, by Gene Falk, David H. Bradley and Thomas Gabe. 38 p (R43409), Federal Review of the Proposed ComeastTime ‘Warmer Cable Merger, by Kathleen Ann Ruane (WSLG844) Federal Securities Laws and Recent Data Breaches, by Michael V. Seitzinger.(WSLG831) Final Volker Rule—In Time for the Holidays and 18 Months for Compliance, by David Carpenter and M, Maureen Murphy. (WSLGT47) Financial Assets and Conflict of Interest Regulation in the Executive Branch, by Jack Maskell. 15 p. (R3363) Financial Regulators Issue Volcker Companion Rule Providing Exemption for Cerin Trust Prefered Securities Investments and Sponsorships, by David H, Carpenter. (WSLG785) FLU Preview: Regulation of Data Security and Safeguarding of Customer Information under GLBA and Section 5 ofthe FTC Act, by Gina Stevens and M. Maureen Morphy: (WSLG1042) The FY2014 Government Shutdown: Economic Effects, by Mare Labonte. 8p (R43292) High-Frequency Trading: Background, Concems, and Regulatory Developments, by Rena S. Miller and Gary Shorter. 43 p. (R43608) High Frequency Trading: Federal Agency Investigations, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG893) IMF Quota and Govemance Reforms, by Martin A. Weiss. (IF00015) In Brief: Resources for Key Economic Indicators, by Julie Jennings and Jennifer Teefy. 9 p. (R43295) Independence of Federal Financial Regulators, by Henry B, Hogue, Baird Webel and Mare Labonte. 32 p. (R43391) Investment Advisers Act Exemptions of Venture Capital Fund Advisers and Private Fund = in focus, IN= insight, R= report, R= pont, WPE seminar, WRE=Advisers, by Michael V, Seitzinger. (WSLG798) Issues Regarding High-Frequency Trading, by ‘Gary Shorter and Rena 8. Miller. 1 p, (qNi0085) JPMorgen Enters a $13 Billion Settlement with Regulators, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG726) Legislation to Repeal the Private Equity Fund ‘Adviser Registration Requirement in the Dodd- Frank Act: In Brief, by Gary Shorter. 7p. (43326) ‘The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), by Mare ‘Labonte. (1F000S1) MeCulloch v. Maryland Is Alive and Well: State ‘Court May Not Judge Fed AIG Package, by M, Maureen Murphy. (WSLG833) ‘Measuring the Loss of Manufacturing Jobs, by Mare Levinson. | p. (IN10109) Monetary Policy and the Taylor Rule, by Mare Labonte. (IF00024) ‘New GM Asks Bankruptcy Court to Affirm Liability Limits, by Carol A. Petit, (WSLG904) NY Regulator is One of the First to Exercise Dodd-Frank Act Consumer Protection Enforcement Authority, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG926) (OCC Issues Guidance Re: 3rd-Party Relationships, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG774) ‘Overview of the Relationship between Federal Student Aid and Increases in College Prices, by ‘Adam Stoll, Shannon M. Mahan and David H. Bradley. 41 p, (R43692) Payday Lender ACE in the Hole $10 Million, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG1006) Pension Plan Funding Stabilization, by John J ‘Topoleski. 1 p. (EN10102) Recently Issued VA Rule Changes SDVOSB and \VOSB Status Review Procedures, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG780) Recent Steps Toward a European Banking Union, by James K. Jackson. 1 p. (IN10059) Recent Trends in Consumer Retail Payment Services Delivered by Depository Institutions, by Darryl E, Getter. 14 p. (R43364) Regulators: Ability-to-Repay Standards and Fair Lending Laws Are Compatible, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG718) 60 Reporting Foreign Financial Assets Under Titles 26 and 31: FATCA and FBAR, by Carol A. Pettit and Erika K. Lunder. 16 p. (R43444) ‘SBA Office of Advocacy: Overview, History, and Current Issues, by Robert Jay Dilger. 17 p. (Ra3625) ‘SEC Charges States with Fraud for Understating Municipal Bond Exposure, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG1047) SEC Expected to Bring More Administrative Proceedings, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG707) SEC Rule 144A: Changes to Qualified Institutional Buyer Exemption, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLGSI5) Securities and Exchange Commission Issues New ‘Money Market Rules, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG1037) Securities Extrateritoriality: Second Circuit Decisions Post-Morrison, by Michacl V. Seitzinger. (WSLG1070) Shadow Banking: Background and Policy Issues, by Edward V. Murphy. 24 p. (R43345) Shipping U.S. Crude Oil by Water: Vessel Flag ‘Requirements and Safety Issues, by John Frittell. 26 p. (R43653) is Federal & State Regulators Reach 2 $7 Billion Legal Settlement with Citigroup, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG1007) ‘Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer Programs, by John F, Sargent Jr. 1 p. (R43695) Social Media Risk and Compliance Guidance for ‘Banks and Credit Unions, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG761) Sovereign Debt Reform: The Role of the International Monetary Fund (IME), by Martin A. Weiss. (WPE2346) ‘Supreme Court Clarifies Scope of Bank Fraud ‘Statute, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG1001) Supreme Court Decides Case Challenging Securities ‘“Fraud-on-the-Market” Doctrine, by Michael YV. Seitzinger. (WSLG989) Supreme Court Grants Cert in Case Challenging ‘Securities “Fraud-on-the-Market® Doctrine, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG743) Supreme Court Grants Cert in Case concerning Securities Act Section 11 Knowledge Sin “The following acronyms ae used: AST ~ appropriations prod, IF =i focus IN insight, R= feport, RL. = report, WPE =semina, WRE= recorded event, WSLO = legal sidebar, and WVB = video bitRequirement, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG872) ‘Supreme Court to Decide Mortgage Fraud Restitution Case, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG887) ‘Target Credit Card Rates Survive Class Action Suit for Usury, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG911) Terrorism Risk Insurance Legislation: Issue Summary and Side-by-Side Analysis, by Baird Webel. 10 p. (R43619) ‘Terrorism Risk Insurance: Overview & Current Legislation, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2256) ‘Terrorism Risk Insurance: Overview & Current Legislation, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2257) ‘Texas Federal Court Holds that Investments Purchased with Bitcoins Are Securities, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG693) TILA's Mortgage Rescission Provision: Supreme Court Grants Cert, by M. Maureen Murphy. (wSLGI021) ‘Treasury's Actions on Corporate inversions, by Erika K- Lunder. (WSLG1067) Trust Preferred Securities (TruPS), by Edward V. Murphy. (00007) Trust Proferred Securities (TruPS), by Edward V. Murphy. (INB00007) U.S. Travel and Tourism: Industry Trends and Policy Issues for Congress, by Michaela. Platzer. Tp. (R43463) ‘The Volcker Rule: A Legal Analysis, by M. Maureen “Marphy and David H. Carpenter, 21 p. (Ra3440) Volcker Rule Conformance Extension for CLOs, by David H, Carpenter. (WSLG894) ‘What Companies Must Comply with the Voleker Rule, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG767) ‘What Is the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) ‘Action Plan?, by Mark P. Keightley. Ip. (IN10040) What “Proprietary Trading” is Covered by the Voleker Rule?, by M, Maureen Murphy. (WSLG766) ‘When Is an IRA Not Protected in Bankruptey?, by Carol A. Pettit. (WSLG1003) ‘Who's Paying for D&O Regulatory Violations?, by Valerie Bieberich and M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLGIO18) 61 Education, Employment, and Income ‘The Administration's Proposed STEM Education Reorganization: Where Are We Now?, by Heather B, Gonzalez. 1 p. (INIO011) Appeals Court Finds Set-Asides for Small Businesses ‘Not Barred by Workforce Investment Act, by Kate M. Manuel, (WSLG738) ‘Campus Sexual Assaults: Issue Overview and Recent Developments, by Gail McCallion. I p. (IN10058) Charter School Programs Authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA Title V-B): A Primer, by Rebecca R. Skinner. 1 p. (R43493) Common Core State Standards and Assessments: Background and Issues, by Jody Feder and Rebecca R. Skinner. 38 p. (R43711) ‘Common Core State Standards: Frequently Asked Questions, by Jody Feder and Rebecca R. Skinner. 10 p. (R43728) Concurrent Receipt of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Unemployment Insurance (Ul): Background and Legislative Proposals in the 113th Congress, by William R. Morton. 15 p. (R43471) ‘The Congressional Seience, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Caucus and the Congressional ‘Academic Competition: History and Current Practice, by Jerry W, Mansfield, 12 p. (R43402) Could Employees Be Compensated for Time Spent Clearing Security?, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG925) Court Rejects Agency Fees for “Quasi-Public” Employees, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG 1004) ‘The Education Sciences Reform Act, by Adam Stoll and Feffrey J. Kuenzi, 10 p. (R43398) ‘The EITC for Childless Workers: Anti-Poverty and Labor Supply Effects, by Margot L. Crandall- Holtick. I p. (IN10056) ‘The “Employment” of College Athletes, by JonO. Shimabukuro, (WSLG839) Expired Tax Provisions: The Deduetion for Out of Pocket Teacher Expenses, by Moly F. Sherlock. I p. (IN10021) Family and Medical Leave and Same-Sex Spouses, by Jon O, Shimabukuro. (WSLG985) insight, R =repot, RL = report, WPE =semingr, WRE=Federal Elementary and Secondary Education Programs and Unaccompanied Alien Children, by Ruth Ellen Wasem and Rebecca R. Skinner. 1p. (R43737) Federal Labor and Employment Protections for Undocumented Workers, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG691) Federal Law Update-O4 Recess Appointments & ‘National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning, by Vivian S. Chu and Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WPE2302) Federal Minimum Wage, Tax-Transfer Eamings Supplements, and Poverty, by Gene Falk, David H. Bradley and Thomas Gabe. 38 p. (R43409) Federal Student Loan Forgiveness and Loan Repayment Programs, by Alexandra Meg, Coordinator, Blayne J. Heisler and David P. Smole. 1 p. (R43571) FLU Preview: Recess Appointments and National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning, bY Vivian S. Chu and Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG1046) ‘The Higher Education Act (HEA): A Primer, by Alexandra Hegji. 46 p. (R43351) House Committee Advances JOBS Act 2.0 Bills, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG958) Impact Aid Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray, (AST156) Impact Aid Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST1S9) Introduction to Workers’ Compensation, by Scott D. ‘Szymendera. (WVB00014) Justice Department, Louisiana Spar in School Voucher Lawsuit, by Jody Feder. (WSLG751) Labor, HHS, and Education, by Justin Murray. (asti74) Lower Unemployment, Low Labor Force Participation, by Marc Labonte. I p. ant0019) “Measuring the Loss of Manufacturing Jobs, by Mare Levinson. 1 p,(IN10109) Multiemployer Defined Benefit (DB) Pension Plans: ‘A Primer and Analysis of Policy Options, by John J. Topoleski. 20 p, (R43305) ‘The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Right of Northwestern University Football Players to Unionize: Background and ‘The following acronyms ae used: AST ~ appropriations produ, recorded event, WSLG = legal Sidebar and WVB = video bit 2 Related Issues, by Gerald Mayer and Jon O. Shimabukuro. 1 p. (R43713) ‘Noel Canning and What the NLRB Does Next, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG995) Northwestern Footbal Players are “Employees” (For Now), by Jon O. Shimabukuro, (WSIG8S4) OSHA Head Urges Strengthening OSH Act’s Whistleblower Protections, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG960) Overview of the Relationship between Federal Student Aid and Inereases in College Prices, by ‘Adam: Stoll, Shannon M. Mahan and David H. Bradley. 41'p. (R43692) Payments in Lieu of Taxes and Secure Rural Schools Background and Options, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2250) Postsecondary Education Issues in the 113th Congress, by David P. Smole, Coordinator, Shannon M. Mahan, Carol A. Pettit, Gail McCallion, Cassandria Dortch, Margot L. Crandall-Hollick, Alexandra Hegii, Jody Feder, ‘Adam Stoll and Ruth Ellen Wasem. Ip. (R43302) Poverty: Major Themes in Past Debates and Current Proposals, by Karen Spar and Gene Falk. 32 p. (R43731) ‘The President's FY2015 Budget and STEM Education, by Heather B, Gonzalez. (1F00013) Programs Available to Unemployed Workers through the American Job Center Network, by Benjamin Collins, Katelin P. Isaacs and David H. Bradley. 15 p. (R43301) Proposed Rule Would Make Workplace Injury and ness Data Publicly Available, by Rodney M Perry. (WSLG903) Recent Developments in the Job Corps Program: Frequently Asked Questions, by Adrienne L. Femandes-Aleantara.25 p. (R43611) Reducing Costof-Living Adjustments for Military Retirees and the Bipartisan Budget Act: In Brief, ly Amy Belaseo. 8 p. (43393) Retuming to Full Employment: What Do the Indicators Tell Us?, by Mare Labonte. 15 p. (R83476) SeaWorld Battles OSHA to Get Orca Trainers Back in the Water, by Rodney M, Perry. (WSLGT53) Senate to Vote on Paycheck Faimess Act, by Jody Feder. (WSLG875) =n fous, N= ight, R= report, RL = report, WPE ~semirar, WRE =Special Minimum Wages for Workers with Disabilities: Frequently Asked Questions, by David H, Bradley and Benjamin Collins. 5 p. (R43468) ‘Student Bullying: Overview of Research, Federal Initiatives, and Legal Issues, by Jody Feder and Gail MeCallion, 26 p. (R43254) Supreme Court to Decide Whether Union-Related Fees Can Be Collected From Certain Non- Union Workers, by Jon O. Shimabukuro, (WSLGSI6) ‘Supreme Court Upholds Michigan's Ban on ‘Affimmative Action, by Jody Feder. (WSLG901) ‘Temporary Professional, Managerial, and Skilled Foreign Workers: Legislation in the 113th Congress, by Ruth Ellen Wasem. 14 p. (R43745), ‘Temporary Professional, Managerial, and Skilled Foreign Workers: Policy and Trends, by Ruth Ellen Wasem. I p. (R43735) ‘The Tip Credit Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): In Brief, by David H. Bradley. 11 p. (R43445) Unable to Work & Willing to Work? A Legal ‘Analysis of Concurrent Receipt of SSDI & UC, by Emily M. Lanza, (WSLG892) Unlawfully Present Aliens, Higher Education, In- ‘State Tuition, and Financial Aid: Legal ‘Analysis, by Kate M. Manuel. 18 p. (R43447) The Value of Neutrality in Labor Law, by Jon O. Shimabukuro, (WSLG733) ‘The War on Poverty at 50 Years: Overview, by Gene Falk. 1 p. (IN10039) Worker Participation in Employer-Sponsored Pensions: A Fact Sheet, by John J. Topoleski Sp. (R43439) Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Reauthorization Proposals in the 113th Congress: Comparison ‘of Major Features of Current Law and 8.1356, by David H. Bradley and Benjamin Collins. Tp. (R43265) ‘The Work Opportunity Tax Credit, by Benjamin Collins. 15 p. (R43729) Work Requirements, Time Limits, and Work Incentives in TANF, SNAP, and Housing Assistance, by Gene Falk, Randy Alison ‘Aussenberg and Mageie McCarty. 31 p. (43400) “The following acronyms ae used: AST = ppropriations prod, recorded evert, WSLG = legal sideber, and WV = video brie. 63 ‘Year-Round Schools: In Brief, by Rebecca R. Skinner. 6 p, (R43588) ‘Emergencies and Disasters ‘Analysis of Senate-Passed S, 2198: Emergency Drought Relief Act of 2014, by Pervaze A. Sheikh and Betsy A. Cody. 20 p. (R43594) ‘Analysis of S, 2198: Emergency Drought Relief Act ‘of 2014, by Betsy A. Cody, Pervaze A. Sheikh and Nicole T. Carter. 13 p. (R43469) California Drought: Water Supply and Conveyance Issues, by Betsy A. Cody. (IFO0008) Chemical, Hazardous Substances, and Petroleum Spills: CRS Experts, by James D. Werner, Coordinator. 2 p. (R43360) Deployable Federal Assets Supporting Domestic Disaster Response Operations: Summary and Considerations for Congress, by Jared T. Brown, Coordinator. 55 p. (R43560) Disasters 101: Introduction to Emergency and Disaster Response for Congressional Staff, by Bruce R. Lindsay, Jared T. Brown and Francis X. MeCarthy. (WVB00027) Disasters 101: Introduction to Emergency and Disaster Response for Congressional Staff, by Jared T, Brown, Bruce R. Lindsay and Francis X. McCarthy. (WREO0083) Disasters 101: Introduction to Emergency and Disaster Response for Congressional Staff, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2204) Drought in the United States: Causes and Current ‘Understanding, by Betsy A. Cody and Peter Folger. 17 p. (R43407) Efforts to Delay the Gradual Elimination of Flood Insurance Premium Subsidies, by Rawle O. King. 23 p. (R43395) Emergency Relief for Disaster Damaged Roads and “Transit Systems: In Brief, by Robert S. Kirk Ip. (R43384) Emergency Water Assistance During Drought: Federal Non-Agricultural Programs, by Nicole TT. Carter, Joanna Barrett and Tadlock Cowan, 2p. (R43408) Federal Emergency Management Agency Continuing, ‘Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin ‘Murray. (AST158) Federal Response to Drought in California: An ‘Analysis of S, 2198 and H.R. 3964, by Pervaze in oct, IN = insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE ~semies, WRE=‘A. Sheikh, Charles V. Stern and Betsy A. Cody. 17 p. (R43649) FEMA's Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Selected Issues, by Bruce R. Lindsay. 25 p. (R43537) Fire Management Assistance Grants: Frequently ‘Asked Questions, by Bruce R. Lindsay, Coordinator, Francis X.MeCarthy, Katie Hoover and Kelsi Bracmort. 10 p. (R43738) ‘The Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Strategy: In Brief, by Jared T. Brown. 9 p. (R43396) ‘Natural Disasters and Hazards: CRS Experts, by Jennifer E, Lake and Amy Abel. 2p. (R43519) il and Chemical Spills: Federal Emergency Response Framework, by Jonathan L. Ramseur and David M, Bearden. 20 p. (R43251) Preparing for Disasters: FEMA’s New National Preparedness Report Released, by Jared T. Brown. I p. (INIO134) Procedural Status and Options: Emergency Drought Relief, by Elizabeth Rybicki. 1p. (N10075) S, 1961 and H.R, 4024: Legislative Responses to a Chemical Storage Facility Spill, by Mary ‘Tiemann and Claudia Copeland, 14 p. (R434) ‘Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Assistance: ‘Summary Data and Analysis, by Bruce R. Lindsay and Justin Murray. 15 p. (R43665) ‘Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): U.S. and Intemational ‘Response to Philippines Disaster, by Rhoda ‘Margesson, Coordinator and Thomas Lum, Coordinator. 23 p. (R43309) Energy, Environment, and Resources [Army Corps of Engineers Must Pay Arkansas $5.8 Million for Flooding of Wildlife Management ‘Area: Climate Change Implications?, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG754) ‘Clean Coal Loan Guarantees and Tax Incentives: Issues in Brief, by Peter Folger and Molly F. Sherlock. 12 p. (R43690) Climate Change: CRS Experts, by Jane A. Leggett. 3p. (R43412) Climate Summit 2014; Warm-Up for 2015, by Jane ‘A, Leggett. 1 p. (IN1O153) , by Charles V. Stern, Columbia River Treaty Re Tp. (R43287) Congressional Proposals to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline, by Linda Luther. 1 p.(IN10050) Court Neither Razzled Nor Dazzled by DOE's Failure to Assess Nuclear Waste Fund Fee, by Todd Garvey. (WSLG734) Customer Choice and the Power Industry of the Future, by Richard J. Campbell. 24 p. (R43742) ‘The Delta Smelt Ruling: A Small Fish Tale, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG8SS) DOE Section 1703 Vogtle Nuclear Project Loan Guarantees: How Can Credit Subsidy Fees Be Zero?, by Mark Holt and Phillip Brown. |p. ‘n10054) DOI Announces Next Gulf of Mexico Offshore Energy Lease Sale, by Curry L. Hagerty. Ip. N10113) Do State and Local Bans on Hydraulic Fracturing ‘Violate the Dormant Commerce Clause? (Part 1), by Brandon J. Murrill. (WSLG972) Do State and Local Bans on Hydraulic Fracturing Violate the Dormant Commerce Clause? (Part 2), by Brandon J, Murrill. (WSLG973) Drought in the United States: Causes and Current ‘Understanding, by Betsy A. Cody and Peter Folger. 17 p. (R43407) “The Endangered Species Act Guide Part I: How to Lista Species, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG1049) ‘The Endangered Species Act Guide Part2: Critical Habitat, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG1061) Energy and Water, by Justin Murray. (AST170) Energy and Water Development: FY2015 “Appropriations, by Car\E. Behrens, Coordinator, David M. Bearden, Nicole T. Carter, Caries V. Stem, Heather B. Gonzalez, ‘Mark Holt, Jonathan E. Medali, Fred Sissine, ‘Anthony Andrews and Peter Folger. 6 p. (Re3567) Energy Efficient Lighting Standards and Incandescent Light Bulbs, by Lynn J Cunningham and Beth Cook. Ip. (IN10020) Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (PLL, 113+ "79), by Randy Schnepf. 30 p. (R43416) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Appropriations for FY2014 in P.L. 113-76, by Robert Esworthy and David M. Bearden. 31 p. (43689) “The following acronyms ace used: AST = appropriations produc, IF=in focus, IN~ insight, R = report, RL = report, WPE seminar, WRE= recorded event, WSLG = legal sidebar and WVB = video biEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA): FY2015 “Appropriations, by Robert Esworthy. 18 p (Ra3709) EPA and the Amy Corps’ Proposed Rule to Define “Waters of the United States,” by Claudia ‘Copeland. 17 p. (R43455) EPA on a Roll?: D.C, Circuit Upholds Three EPA Rulemakings in April, by Robert Metz (WSLG221) EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Existing Electric Generating Units (Power Plants), by Jane A. Legget, Robert Melz, James B. McCarthy and James D. Wemer. (WPE2264) EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases from Existing Power Plants—Part One: Does the Clean Air Act Allow It, by Robert Metz (WSLG781) EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases from Existing Power Plants: Part Two—Does the Clean Air ‘Act Allow Market-Based Approaches?, by Robert Meliz. (WSLG782) EPA's Forthcoming Greenhouse Gas Regulations for Existing Power Plants: Frequently Asked Questions, by James E. McCarthy, Peter Folger, Jane A. Leggett and Robert Meltz. 13 p. (843572) EPA's Proposed CO; Rule for Existing Power Plants: How Would It Affect Nuclear Energy?, by Mark Holt. 1 p. (IN10124) EPA’s Proposed Greenhouse Gas Regulations: Implications for the Electric Power Sector, by Richard J. Campbell. 17 p. (R43621) EPA’s Proposed Rule for CO, Emissions from Existing Fossil-Fueled Power Plants, by James E. McCarthy, Jane A. Leggett and Robert Meltz, (WREOO08S) EPA’s Proposed Rule for CO; Emissions from Existing Fossil-Fueled Power Plants, by James E, McCarthy, Robert Meltz and Jane A. Leggett (WVB00031) EPA’s Proposed Rule Limiting CO, Emissions from Existing Power Plants: Likely Legal Challenges, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG988) EPA's Proposed Wood Stove / Wood Heater Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions, by James E, McCarthy. 8 p. (R43489) EPA Still on a Roll: Three More Wins from the D.C. Cireuit in May, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG942) The following acronyms are used: AST = appropriations prodet, IF = in feus, N= insight, R= report, recorded event, WSLG = legal sideba, and WVB = video brie 65 Everglades Restoration: CERP and the Central Everglades Planning Project (CEPP), by Charles V. Stern. (1F00026) Federal Lands and Natural Resources: Overview and Selected Issues forthe 113th Congress, by Katie Hoover, Kelsi Bracmort, Sandra L Johnson, Laura B. Comay, Mare Humphries, M. Lynne Corn, Curry L. Hagerty and Carol Hardy Vincent. 32 p. (R43429) Federal Law Update-09 Export and Import of Fossil Fuels: Federal Oversight and Legal Issues, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2191) Federal Law Update-10 EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Other Climate Change Issues, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2192) Federally Regulated Offshore Wind Power: Milestones During the 113th Congres, by Cury L. Hagerty. 8 p. (R43591) Federal Pollution-Control Statute inthe Cours: Three Noteworthy Cases in 2014, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG791) Fire Management Assistance Grants: Frequently ‘Asked Questions, by Bruce R. Lindsay, Coordinator, Francis X. McCarthy, Katie Hoover and Kelsi Bracmort. 10 p. (R43738) Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2015 Appropriations and Policy, by M. Lynne Com. 2p. (R43678) FLU Preview: EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Other Climate Change Issues, by Robert Meltz, (WSLG869) FLU Preview: Export and Import of Fossil Fuels Oversight and Legal Issues, by Adam Vann. (WSLG68) Forestry Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113- 79), by Katie Hoover. 13 p. (R43431) Forest Service Appropriations, FY2010-FY2014: In Brief, by Katie Hoover. 12 p. (R43417) Genetically Engineered Salmon, by Tadlock Cowan and Harold F. Upton. 26 p. (R43518) Gross Negligence and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Potential Implications and Context, by Jonathan L, Ramseur. | p. (IN10149) Gulf Coast Restoration: RESTORE Act and Related Efforts, by Charles V. Stern, Jonathan L, Ramseur and Pervaze A. Sheikh. 33 p. (R43380) Harmful Algal Blooms and Drinking Water, by Mary ‘Tiemann. I p. (IN10131) port, WPE = semi, WRE*HLR, 3080 and S. 601: Side-by-Side Comparison of ‘Selected Provisions, by Nicole T. Carter, Charles V. Stern, Linda Luther and John Frintelli.21 p. (R43298) H.R. 3964: Analysis of Key Provisions, by Charles Y. Stern, Pervaze A. Sheikh and Betsy A. Cody. 21 p. (R43648) Hunting and Fishing: Issues and Legislation in the 113th Congress, by M. Lynne Corn, 16 p. (R43629) Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Use in California, by ‘Nicole T, Carter, Anthony Andrews, Peter Folger and Mary Tiemann, (1F00033) Inereasing the Efficiency of Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants, by Richard J. Campbell. 26 p. (43343) Interior and Environment, by Justin Murray. (ASTIT3) Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations Requested by the President, by Carol Hardy Vincent. 9p. (R43617) Invasive Species: Major Laws and the Role of Selected Federal Agencies, by Renée Johnson and M. Lynne Com. 54 p. (R43258) Key Historical Court Decisions Shaping EPA's Program Under the Clean Air Act, by Robert Meltz. 19 p. (R43699) Keystone XL: Greenhouse Gas Emissions ‘Assessments in the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS), by Richard K. Lattanzio. 1p, (Ra3415) Law Allowing Siting of Keystone XL Pipeline ‘Overturned by Nebraska Court, by Adam ‘Vann. (WSLG827) Lead-Free Requirements for Fire Hydrants, by Mary Tiemann, (1F00006) Lead-Free Requirements for Fire Hydrants, by Mary ‘Tiemann. (INB00006) Legislation to Approve the U.S.-Mexico Trans boundary Hydrocarbons Agreement, by Curry L. Hagerty. 12 p. (R43610) ‘Mexico's Oil and Gas Sector: Background, Reform Efforts, and Implications for the United States, by Clare Ribando Seeike, Coordinator, M. Angeles Villarreal, Cury L. Hagerty and Michael Ratner. 18 p. (R43313) ‘National Climate Assessment Raises Choices, by Jane A. Leggett. 1 p. (IN10053) 66 ‘National Park Service Seeks “Centennial” Funds to ‘Tackle the Maintenance Backlog, by Laura B. Comay. 1 p. (IN10046) ‘A New Dispute over Pipeline Border Crossings?, by ‘Adam Vann, (WSLG795) ‘New York Court Rules that Local Communities May Ban Fracking, by Adam Vann. (WSLG1011) ‘The Northeast Heating Oil Supply, Demand, and Factors Affecting Its Use, by Libby Perl and ‘Anthony Andrews, 27 p. (R43511) (Obama Administration Proposal to Expand Marine Protection, by Harold F. Upton. 1 p.(IN10099) Offshore Drilling Safety: A Status Report, by Curry 1. Hagerty. I p. (R43687) il and Chemical Spills: Federal Emergeney Response Framework, by Jonathan L. Ramseut and David M. Bearden. 20 p. (R43251) il and Gas Tax Issues in the Tax Reform Act of 2014 and the President's FY2015 Budget Proposal, by Molly F, Sherlock. (1F00040) ‘One Month Left for Comments on EPA's Proposed Limits on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from ‘New Fossil-Fuel Power Plants, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG866) Petroleum Coke: Industry and Environmental Issues, by Anthony Andrews and Richard K. Lattanzio, 25 p. (R43263) Physical Security of the U.S. Power Grid: High- Voltage Transformer Substations, by Paul W. Parfomak. 27 p. (R43604) Presidential Permits for Border Crossing Energy Facilities, by Adam Vann and Paul W. Parfomak. 13 p. (R43261) Processed Condensate Exports: A Change in Energy Policy?, by lan F. Fergusson and Phillip Brown. 1 p. (IN10130) Production Tax Credit Incentives for Renewable Electricity: Financial Comparison of Selected Policy Options, by Phillip Brown. 20 p. (43340) Reauthorization Issues for the Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, by Harold F. Upton. 45 p. (43565) ‘The Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit: In Brief, by Molly F. Sherlock. 12 p. (R43453) ‘The Renewable Fuel Standard: In Brief, by Kelsi Bracmort, 8 p. (R43325) “The following acronyms ae used: AST = appropriations produc, IF =n focus IN insight, R= eport, RL ~ report, WPE =semim, WRE= recorded event, WSL = legal sidebar and WVB = video biRestrictions on Trade in Elephant Ivory, by Daniel T. ‘Shedd and Brandon J. Murrill. 16 p. (R43700) ‘The Role of Natural Gas in EPA’s Proposed Clean Power Plan, by Richard K. Lattanzi. 1p. (IN10089) Securities Fraud Class Action Certification’ Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc. by Michael V. Seitzinger. 14 p. (R43686) Shale Energy Technology Assessment: Current and Emerging Water Practices, by Peter Folger, Mary Tiemann and Nicole T. Carter. 42 p. (43635) Shale Gas Gathering Pipelines: Safety Issues, by Paul W. Parfomak. 1 p. (IN10123) Shipping U.S, Crude Oil by Water: Vessel Flag Requirements and Safety Issues, by John Fritelli. 26 p. (R43653) Small Refineries and Oil Field Processors: Opportunities and Challenges, by Anthony Andrews, Coordinator, Brent D. Yacobucci, James D. Wemer, Richard K. Latianzio and Robert Pirog. 19 p. (R43682) S$, 1961 and H.R. 4024: Legislative Responses to a Chemical Storage Facility Spill, by Mary Tiemann and Claudia Copeland. 14 p. (R43441) Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) Regulations: Background and Legislation in the 113th Congress, by Jonathan L, Ramseur. Ip. (R43306) State Actions to Address Climate Change: ‘Challenges Under the Dormant Commerce Clause, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG825) State CO; Emission Rate Goals in EPA's Proposed Rule for Existing Power Plant, by Jonathan L, Ramseur. 26 p. (R43652) “The State Department Releases Its Final EIS for the Keystone XL Pipeline. What's Next, by Linda Luther. (0F00009) Statutory Keys to Landlocked Lands, by Kristina ‘Alexander. (WSLG708) 8. 1392, Shaheen-Portman Bill: Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2013, by Fred Sissine. 32 p. (R43259) ‘The Strategic Petroleum Reserve and International ‘Obligations, by Robert Pirog and Anthony ‘Andrews. I'p. (IN10062) 67 §, 2262, Shaheen-Portman Bill 2014: Energy Savings ‘and Industrial Competitiveness Act, by Fred Sissine. 20 p, (R43524) Suits Attack EPA's Proposed Rule for CO; Emissions from Existing Power Plants Even Before It Becomes Final, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG1031) ‘The Supreme Court Agrees to Review EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Regulations — Limited to a ‘Narrow Question, by Robert Melt. (WSLG692) ‘Supreme Court Declines to Review Decision Holding Los Angeles County Liable for Stormwater Violations of Water Quality Standards, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG937) ‘Supreme Court Poised to Rule on “Good Neighbor” Provision of Clean Air Act, by Daniel J. Olds. (WSLG812) ‘The Supreme Court's Latest Greenhouse Gas Ruling: ‘Good News and Bad News for EPA, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG1016) U.S, Crude Oil Export Poliey: Background and ‘Considerations, by Phillip Brown, Robert Pirog, Jonathan L, Ramseur, Ian F. Fergusson, ‘Michael Ratner and Adam Vann. 32 p. (R43.442) U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons ‘Agreement: Background and Issues for ‘Congress, by Cury L. Hagerty. I p. (R43606) U.S:Mexico Water Sharing: Background and Recent Developments, by Nicole T. Carter, Daniel T. Shedd and Clare Ribando Seeike. 17 p. (43312) US. Shale Gas Development: Production, Infrastructure, and Market Issues, by Michael Ratner. I p. (R43636) Water Infrastructure Financing: Proposals to Create ‘a Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation ‘Act (WIFIA) Program, by Claudia Copeland. 7p. (R43315) Water Scarcity in Iran: A Challenge forthe Regime?, by Jeremy M. Sharp. I p. (IN10028) “Waters of the United States”: The Interpretive Rule, ‘by Megan Stubbs. 1 p. (IN10098) “Waters of the United States”: What Happens Ifthe Proposed Rule Is Not Finalized?, by Clauaia Copeland. | p.(IN10096) “The following acronyms ae wed: AST = appropriations produt, IF = infocus, IN= insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE =semina, WRE = recorded event, WSLG = legal sidebar and WVB = video bit.Wetlands Preservation and Property Rights: The Latest Court Decision, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG917) When, If Ever, is Enforcement Under the Clean ‘Air Act Too Late?—The “Continuing Violation” Issue, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG889) Wildlife Poaching in Africa: Overview for Congress, by Pervaze A. Sheikh, Liana Rosen, Lauren Ploch Blanchard and Alexis Arieff (00003) Wildlife Poaching in Africa: Overview for Congress, by Pervaze A. Sheikh, Liana Sun Wyler, Lauren Ploch Blanchard and Alexis Arieff. ‘(0NB00003) Will There Be Complaints About the Grouse?, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG742) Wind Energy Company to Pay $1 Million in Bird Death Plea Agreement, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG750) Federal Government 1th Circuit Finds That Agencies Have Broad Discretion to Suspend Affiliates of Federal Contractors, But Additional Challenges Are Pending in Other Jurisdictions, by Kate M. ‘Manuel. (WSLG826) ‘Advanced Legislative Process Institute-Jaly 17-18, 12014, by S. Stephen Dagadakis. (WPE2292) Advanced Legislative Process Insitute: Novernber 14-15, 2013, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE2035) ALERRT! House to Consider Regulatory Reform Package, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLG830) Allegations Against KBR Raise Questions About Federal Contractor Whistleblower Protections, by Roxiney M. Perry. (WSLG967) ‘The American Community Survey (ACS); Overview and Data Searches, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2I21) ‘And Nothing But the Truth?: Public Employee ‘Testimony and the First Amendment, by Andrew Nolan. (WSLG929) ‘Are Repairs Needed in Federal Vehicle Recall Policy?, by Bill Canis. 1p. (INIO135) “The following acronyms ae used: AST = appropriations product, IF recorded event, WSLG = legal sidebar, and WB = video bie. 68 Article Il Standing and Congressional Suits Against the Executive Branch, by Alissa M, Dolan. 16 p. (R43712) ‘Authorization of General Services Administration Real Property Projects: Current Process and Proposed Legislation, by Garrett Hatch. 10 p. (R43.443) Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Indian Educa tion, and Indian Health Service Continuing “Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST154) Campaign Contribution Limits: Selected Questions About MoCutcheon and Policy Issues for Congress, by R. Sam Garrett, 10 p. (43334) Campaign Finance: Constitutionality of Limits on Contributions and Expenditures, by L. Paige Whitaker. 15 p, (R43719) Campaign Finance Law: What is a “Coordinated “Communication” versus an “Independent Expenditure, by L. Paige Whitaker. (WSLG909) CityCenterDC Decision Could Affect How Federal ‘Agencies Structure Public-Private Partnerships, by Kate M, Manuel. (WSLG962) ‘Commemorations in Congress: Options for Honoring Individuals, Groups, and Events, by Jacob R. Straus, Coordinator, Kevin R. Kosar, Garrett Hatch, Valerie Heitshusen, Craig K. Elwell and Matthew E, Glassman. 20 p. (R43539) ‘Commercial Filming and Photography on Federal, Lands, by Laura B. Comay. 6 p, (R43267) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Justin 7, Paulhamus, (WPEI811) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE1812) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE1813) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, bby Marv Goldstein. (WPE2105) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2106) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2107) ‘Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, bby Marv Goldstein, (WPE2175) in foeus, IN = insight, R= report, Rl report, WPE = semiar, WRE =69 Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2176) ‘Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2181) ‘Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2238) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, bby Marv Goldstein, (WPE2252) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by S. Stephen Dagadakis. (WPE2335) Congress: An Introduction to Process and Resources, by Valerie Heitshusen and Mark J. Oleszek. (WPE2251) Congress Considers Reducing Agency Reporting Requirements, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLG950) Congressional Action on FY2014 Appropriations Measures, by Jessica Tollestrup. 17 p. (R43338) Congressional Drafting: Do Courts Reflect Practice”, by Lary M. Eig. (WSLG802) Considering Legislation on the House Floor: ‘Common Practices in Brief, by Elizabeth Rybicki. 2 p, (R43424) ‘Contract Board Decision Could Change the Way ‘That Federal Agencies Structure Energy Savings Performance Contracts, by Brandon J. ‘Murill. (WSLG739) Contractor Fraud Against the Federal Government: Selected Federal Civil Remedies, by Brandon J Murrill. 32 p. (R43460) Contractors and HealthCare.gov: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions, by Kate M. ‘Manuel, Rodney M. Perry and Brandon J. Muriill.20 p. (R43368) Contractors and HealthCare.gov: Background in Brief, by Kate M. Manuel and L. Elaine Halehin, (WVB00013) Court Limits Rights of Federal Employees in Sensitive Positions to Appeal Adverse Actions, by Jennifer K. Elsea. (WSLG717) Court of Federal Claims Dismisses Contractor's Indemnification Claim Against the Government, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG932) Court of Federal Claims Rejects VAs Tough Stance ‘on SDVOSB and VOSB Verification, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG737) Court Rules State Law Applies to Tribal Payday Lenders, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG702) CRS Centennial Symposium: Opening Remarks and Session 1, “How Congress Functions Perspectives and Observations,” by Mary B. ‘Mazanec, Walter J, Oleszek and Colleen J Shogan. (WREOO086) CRS Symposium on Senate Floor Procedure: Recent Developments and Current Issues, Part 1 ‘The Senate Today and Procedural Change in the 113th Congress, by Walter J, Oleszek, Valerie Heitshusen and Elizabeth Rybicki (WREOOO75) ‘CRS Symposium on Senate Floor Procedure: Recent Developments and Current Issues, Part 1 ‘The Senate Today and Procedural Change in the 113th Congress, by Walter J. Oleszek, Valerie Heitshusen and Elizabeth Rybicki (wvB00017) CRS Symposium on Senate Floor Procedure: Recent Developments and Current Issues, Part 2 Procedures for Change: Context and Implications of “Nuclear” Action, by Richard 8. Beth. (WREDO076) CRS Symposium on Senate Floor Procedure: Recent Developments and Current Issues, Part 2 Procedures for Change: Context and Implications of “Nuclear” Action, by Richard S. Beth. (WVBO0018) CRS Symposium on Senate Floor Procedure: Recent Developments and Current Issues, Part 3: A Conversation with Former Party Secretaries, by Walter J. Oleszek. (WRE00077) CRS Symposium on Senate Floor Procedure: Recent Developments and Current Issues, Part 3: A. Conversation with Former Party Secretaries, by Walter J. Oleszek, (WVBO0019) Delayed Federal Grant Closeout: Issues and Impact, by Natalie Keegan. 12 p. (R43726) Department ofthe Interior Issues Guidance in Connection with Carcieri v. Salazar, by Jane M, Smith. (WSLG845) District of Columbia: Marijuana Decriminalization and Enforcement; Issues of Home Rule and Congressional Oversight, by Eugene Boy4. p. aNi0108) District/State Staff Institute - February 2014, by ‘Marv Goldstein. (WPE2111) “The following acronyms ae wed: AST = appropriations produt, IF = infocus, N= insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE =semina, WRE = recorded event, WSLC = el sidebar, nd WWE = video bie.District'State Staff Institute - July 2014, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2262) Distric’State Staff Institute May 2014, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2198) District/State Staff Insitute: October 2013, by Justin TT. Pauthamus. (WPE2028) Does the House of Representatives Have Standing to Sue the President? by Alissa M, Dolan. (wSLG984) Does the President Have the Authority to Remove An ‘Acting FHFA Director, by Vivian S. Chu, (WSLG714) Domestic Content Restrictions: The Buy American "Act and Complementary Provisions of Federal Law, by Rodney M, Perry, Brandon J. Murtll, ‘Alissa M, Dolan and Kate M. Manuel 28 p. (43354) ‘The Elder Justice Act: Background and Issues “Yor Congress, by Kirsten J. Colello. 20 p. (Ra3707) ENFORCE the Law in Court? Does Congress Have ‘Standing to Sue the President?, by Alissa M, Dolan. (WSLG838) Federal Aid to State and Local Governments: Select Issues Raised by a Federal Government Shutdown, by Natalie Keegan. 19 p. (R43467) Federal Building and Facility Security: Frequently ‘Asked Questions, by Shawn Reese. | p. (43570) Federal Circuit Leaves Question of Whether Costs ‘Negligently Incurred by Federal Contractors May Be “Reasonable” Unanswered, by Rodney M, Perry. (WSLG915) Federal Contracting and Subcontracting with Small Businesses: Legislation in the 113th Congress, by Kate M. Manuel. 34 p. (R43573) Federal Facility Security, by Shawn Reese. 1p. (an10025) Federal Lands and Natural Resources: Overview and Selected Issues for the 113th Congress, by Katie Hoover, Kelsi Bracmort, Sandra L. Johnson, Laura B. Comay, Mare Humphries, M. Lynne Com, Cumy L. Hagerty and Carol Hardy Vincent. 32 p. (R43429) Federal Law Update-08 2014 Midterm Elections: Legal Update, by Jack Maskell and L. Whitaker. (WPE2298) Developments, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2193) Federal Law Update-12 Government Ethics, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2194) Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and ‘OMB, by Julie Jennings, Jerry W. Manslield and Jared C. Nagel. 7p. (R43590) Filibuster Reform by Way ofthe Cours? Probably ‘Not, by Alissa M, Dotan, (WSLG900) Financial Assets and Conflict of Interest Regulation the Executive Branch, by Jack Maskell. 15 p. (843365) Florida Court Finds Two Congressional Districts Violate State Constitutional Prohibition on Political Gerrymandering, by L. Paige ‘Whitaker. (WSLG1013) FLU Preview: Fraud, Negligence, and Federal Contractors -- Recent Legal Developments, by Brandon J. Murrill and Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG870) FLU Preview: Government Ethies, by Jack Maskell, (WSLG871) FLU Preview: 2014 Midterm Elections—Legal ‘Update, by L.. Paige Whitaker and Jack Maskell. (WSLG1051) Forfeiture of Members’ Pensions for Criminal Convictions, by Jack Maskell. (WSLG846) ‘The Future of the Voting Rights Act, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2092) FY2014 Appropriations: District of Columbia, by Eugene Boyd. 17 p. (R43253) ‘The FY2014 Government Shutdown: Economic Effects, by Mare Labonte. 8 p. (R43292) Given the Recent Enactment of Two Different Caps, How Much Employee Compensation Will Be Allowable Under Government Contracts?, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG803) HALPS Fall 2014 - Session 1 Considering Measures, by Megan S, Lynch. (WPE2350) HALPS Fall 2014 - Session 2 Amending Measures, by Elizabeth Rybicki. (WPE2351) HALPS Fall 2014 - Session 3 Special Rules, by Jessica Tollestrup. (WPE2353) HALPS-02 Amending Measures in the House, by Justin T, Paulhamus. (WPE2077) HALPS-03 Special Rules, by Justin T. Paulhamus, Federal Law Update-11 Fraud, Negligence, em and Federal Contractors: Recent Legal own ») “Te flowing aroryms rues AST= appropriation pot, [=n fe IN insight, R= report RL report WE = seme, WRE = recorded event, WSLO = egal sidebar and WB = video brit.HALPS-04 The Amending Process: A Case Study from the Congressional Record, by Justin Paulhamus. (WPE2079) HALPS-05 Committee Procedures, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE2080) HALPS.06 The Other Chamber, by Justin T Paulhamus. (WPE2OB1) HALPS-07 Resolving the Differences Between the Chambers, by Justin T, Paulhamus. (WPE2082) Hatch Act: Candidacy for Office by Federal Employees in the Executive Branch, by Jack Maskell 8p. (843630) “Holds” in the Senate, by Mark J. Oleszek. 8 p. (R43563) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) - Session 1 Considering Measures in the House, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2216) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) Session 1: Considering Measures in the House, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2228) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) - Session 2 Amending Measures in the House, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2217) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) Session 2: Amending Measures in ‘the House, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2229) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) - Session 3 Special Rules, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2218) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) Session 3: Special Rules, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2230) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) - Session 4 The Amending Process: A Case Study from the Congressionel Record., by Marv Goldstein. (WPEZ219) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) Session 4: The Amending Process: A Case Study from the Congressional Record, by Mary Goldstein, (WPED31) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) - Session 5 Committee Procedures, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2220) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) Session 5: Committee Procedures, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2232) ‘The following acronyms are use: AST = appropriations produt, F= infocus, recorded event, WSL legal sidebar and WVB ™ video bit House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) - Session 6 The Other Chamber, by ‘Mary Goldstein. (WPE2221) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) Session 6: The Other Chamber, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2233) House Advanced Legislative Process Series (HALPS) Session 7: Resolving Differences Between the Chambers, by Marv Gokéstein (WPE2234) House Advanced Lesislative Process Series (HALPS) - Session 7 Resolving the Differences Between Chambers, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2222) House Legislative Concepts: Legislative Documents, bby Mary Goldstein, (WPE2091) House Legislative Concepts: Legislative Documents, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2096) House Legislative Concepts: Legislative Documents, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2098) House Legislative Concepts: Legislative Documents, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2141) House Legislative Concepts: Legislative Documents, bby Marv Goldstein. (WPE2195) House Legislative Concepts: Legislative Documents, ‘by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2236) House Legislative Concepts: Legislative Documents, by S. Stephen Dagadakis, (WPE2278) House Select Committee Precedents and Procedures ‘and H. Res. 567, Establishing a Select ‘Committee on the 2012 Benghazi Attack, by Christopher M, Davis. 1p. (IN10055) How Congress Functions: Perspectives and Observations, by Walter J. Oleszok. (wVB00033) How Does the Government Avoid Contracting with “Poor Performers”, by Kate M, Manuel (WSLG730) How to Repeal a Rule, by Daniel T. Shedd (wsLGaes) Imminent Threats to Election Speech: Standing and Susan B, Anthony List, by Andrew Nolan and Valerie Bieberich. (WSLG999) Improper Payments in High Priority Programs: In Brief, by Garrett Hatch. 7p. (R43694) Independence of Federal Financial Regulators, by Henry B. Hogue, Baird Webel and Mare Labonte, 32 p. (R43391) insight, R=report, RL = repo, WPE =semiar, WRE=Indian Tribes Increasingly Disenrolling Tribal ‘Members, by Jane M. Smith. (WSLG736) Length of Time from Nomination to Confirmation for U.S. Cireuit and District Court Nominees: ‘Overview and Policy Options to Shorten the Process, by Barry J. McMillion. 17 p. (43316) Majority Cloture for Nominations: Implications and the “Nuclear” Proceedings, by Valerie Heitshusen. 9 p. (R43331) Making appropriations forthe salaries and related ‘expenses of certain Federal employees during a lapse in funding authority for fiseal year 2014, and for other purposes, by Justin Murray. (ASTI60) Making continuing appropriations during a Government shutdown to provide pay and allowances to members ofthe reserve components ofthe Armed Forces who perform inactive-duty training during such period, by Justin Murray. (AST148) Making Continuing Appropriations for National Park Service Operations, Smithsonian, National Gallery of Art, and the United States Holocaust Mauseum for FY2014, by Justin Murray. (asTi44) ‘Making continuing appropriation of local funds of the District of Columbia for FY2014, by Justin Murray. (ASTI4S) MeCutcheon and its Potential Impact on Campaign Finance Law, by L. Paige Whitaker. (WSLG842) Monuments and Memorials Authorized and Completed Under the Commemorative Works ‘Actin the District of Columbia, by Jacob R. Straus. Ip. (R43743) Monuments and Memorials Authorized Under the ‘Commemorative Works Actin the District of ‘Columbia: Current Development of In-Progress and Lapsed Works, by Jacob R, Straus. 24 p. (Ra3744) Navy's Award of New Marine One Contract Revives Questions about Competition Requirements for Federal Contracts, by Rociney M. Pemy. (WSLG948) Ninth Ciruit Opinion Suggests Carcieri. Salazar May Provide a Basis for Challenging Indian ‘Trust Land Status, by Jane M. Smith (wSLG807) “The following acronyms are used: AST = appropriations produc, IF =i focus, recorded event, WSLC = legal sidebar, and WB = video bit. 2 Not an Open and Shut Case: States Pay to Open ‘National Parks During Federal Shutdown, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG731) ‘Number of Judicial Nominations Approved by Senate Likely to Set Record for Sixth Year of a Presidency, by Barry J. McMilion. 1 p. qavi014s) OCE Reports First Enforcement Action Against Non- Registered Lobbyists, by Cynthia Brougher. (WSLG1056) Offices and Officials in the Senate: Roles and Duties, by Ida A, Brudnick, Coordinator. 14 p. (R43532) Offices of Inspectors General and Law Enforcement ‘Authority: In Brief, by Wendy Ginsberg. 1 p. (R43722) (Open House on the Federal Workforce: Issues Before Congress, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2261) Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 111th ‘Congress, 2009-2010, by Michael Greene and Maeve P. Carey. 70 p. (R43638) ‘A Primer on the Reviewability of Agency Delay and Enforcement Discretion, by Daniel T. Shedd and Todd Garvey. 12 p. (R43710) Procurement Contract or Cooperative Agreement?: Recent Federal Circuit Decision Explores the Difference between the Two, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG905) Public-Private Partnerships for Purposes of Federal Real Property Management, by Kate M. Manuel and Garrett Hatch. 30 p. (R43337) ‘The Receipt of Gifts by Federal Employees in the ‘Executive Branch, by Jack Maskell 9 p. (43660) Recent Executive Order May Mean New Labor Obligations for Contractors, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG1071) Recent Hatch Act Sanctions Illustrate Law’s Enforcement in Digital World, by Cynthia Brougher. (WSLG949) Recent Initiat Congress (WPE2IS4) Recent Initiatives: From Better Buying Power to Congressional Action, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2156) From Better Buying Power to al Action, by Marv Goldstein, insight, R= report, R= report, WPE=seminar, WRE=Removal of Senior Executives At the Department of ‘Veterans Affairs, by Maeve P. Carey. |. (0N1007) Reverter Reversed: Supreme Court Rules Right-of ‘Way Interest Goes to Landowner, Not Federal Government, by Kristina Alexander. (wSLG847) SALPS Fall 2014 - Session 1 Considering Measures, by Valerie Heitshusen, (WPE2328) SALPS Fall 2014 - Session 1 Considering Measures, bby Valerie Heitshusen. (WPE2336) ‘ALPS Fall 2014 ~ Session 2 Amending Measures, by Richard S. Beth, (WPE2329) SALPS Fall 2014 - Session 2 Amending Measures, by Richard S. Beth, (WPE2337) SALPS Fall 2014 - Session 3 Unanimous ‘Consent Agreements, by Mark J. Oleszek. (WPE2330) SALPS Fall 2014 - Session 3 Unanimous Consent Agreements, by Mark J. Oleszek. (WPE2338) SALPS-02 Amending Measures in the Senate, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE2055) SALPS-03 Unanimous Consent Agreements, by Justin T, Paulhamus. (WPE20S4) SALPS-04 The Amending Process: A Case Study from the Congressional Record, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE2053) SALPS-05 Committee Procedures, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE2052) SALPS-06 The Other Chamber, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE2051) SALPS-07 Resolving the Differences Between the Chambers, by Justin T. Paulhamus. (WPE20S0) Security Clearances & Access Controls: Securing Government Information & Facilites, by Elaine Halehin, Michelle D. Christensen and Shawn Reese. (WPE2237) Senate Advanced Legislative Process Series (SALPS) - 4 The Amending Process: A Case Study from the Congressional Record, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2209) Senate Advanced Legislative Process Series (SALPS)- Session 1 Considering Measures, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2210) Senate Advanced Legislative Process Series (SALPS) - Session 2 Amending Measures, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2211) B Senate Advanced Legislative Process Series (SALPS) - Session 3 Unanimous Consent Agreements, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2215) Senate Advanced Legislative Process Series (SALPS) - Session 5 Committee Procedures, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2212) Senate Advanced Legislative Process Series (SALPS) - Session 6 The Other Chamber, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2213) Senate Advanced Legislative Process Series (SALPS)- Session 7 Resolving Differences Between the Chambers, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2214) Should an Ageney Have the Power to Both Write and Interpret Law?, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLG696) Supreme Court Hears Case About Federal ‘Preemption of Sate Law Contract Claims, by Brandon J. Murill. (WSLG760) The Supreme Court Rules (At Last) on the Recess “Appointments Clause, by Vivian S. Ch. (WSLG990) Supreme Court Strikes Overall Limits on Campaign Contributions in McCutcheon, by L. Paige Whitaker. (WSLG873) ‘The Take Care Clause and Executive Discretion in the Enforcement of Law, by Todd Garvey 38 p. (R43708) ‘Tort Suits Against Federal Contractors: Selected ‘Legal Issues, by Rodney M. Perry. 23 p. (43462) ‘Transparency in Grants Administration: Implementing Relevant Provisions of the DATA Act, by Natalie Keegan. 1 p.(INIOI01) ‘Upcoming Rules Pursuant to the Patient Protection ‘and Affordable Care Act: Spring 2013 Unified ‘Agenda, by Michelle D. Christensen and Maeve P. Carey. 26 p. (RA3348) Upcoming Rules Pursuant tothe Patient Protection ‘and Affordable Care Act: The Fall 2013 Unified Agenda, by Maeve P. Carey and Michelle D. Christensen, 26 p. (R43386) ‘Upcoming Rules Pursuant tothe Patient Protection ‘and Affordable Care Act: The Spring 2014 Unified Agenda, by Maeve P. Carey. 21 p. (43622) US, Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits and Pension Funding Issues, by Katelin P. Isaacs and Kevin R. Kosar. 4p. (R43349) “The following acronyms are used: AST ~ appropriations produt, IF = infocus, IN insight, R~ report, RL~ report, WPE = seminar, WRE= recorded event, WSLC legal Sidebar, and WV = video bit‘The Voting Rights Act of 1965: Background and Overview, by Kevin J. Coleman. 26 p. (83626) What Are the Grounds for Suspending a Federal Contractor? How Does a Suspension Affect Contractors’ Ability to Do Business with the Government?, by Brandon J. Murrill. (WSLG759) ‘What Does it Mean for an Indian Tribe to be Federally Recognized and How Does a Gain Federal Recognition?, by Jane M, Smith. (WSLG877) ‘What Is the Source of the President's Authority to Regulate the Procurement Process?, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG80S) What Limits Are There on the President's Authority to Regulate the Procurement Process?, by Kate M, Manuel. (WSLG806) Will There Ever Be Another Recess Appointment Made During an Intrasession Recess? Part I, by Vivian 8, Chu. (WSLG836) Will There Ever Be Another Recess Appointinent Made During an Intrasession Recess? Part 2, by Vivian $. Chu. (WSLG837) Policy ‘The 2014 Ebola Outbreak: International and US Responses by Tali Salam-Blyther 23 p. eabo7) ‘The 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics: Security and “Human Rights Issues, by Jim Nichol, Coordinator, Steven Woehrel, Alex Tiersky, Elaine Halchin and John W. Rollins. 21 p. (R43383) ‘Achievements of and Outlook for Sanctions on Iran, by Kenneth Katzman, 13 p. (R43492) Afghanistan: Drug Trafficking and the 2014 ‘Transition, by Kenneth Katzman and Liana Rosen, 22 p. (R43540) African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), by ‘Brock R, Williams (IF00041) ‘Alleged Chinese Government Cyber Theft of U.S. ‘Commercial Trade Secrets, by Wayne M. Morrison, John W. Rollins and Susan V. Lawrence. 1 p. (IN10079) Bolivia: In Brief, by Clare Ribando Seelke. 1 p. (43473) Brazil's October 2014 Presidential Election, by Peter I. Meyer. 1 p. (IN10157) ‘China’s Leaders Quash Hong Kong's Hopes for ‘Democratic Election Reforms, by Michael F ‘Martin. 1 p. (IN10146) CChina’s Political Institutions and Leaders in Charts, by Susan V. Lawrence. 26 p. (R43303) Colombia's 2014 Elections: Referendum on the Peace Process, by June 8, Beittel. 1p. anio024) Conflict and Humanitarian Crisis in Aftica: Central ‘African Republic and South Sudan, by Lauren Ploch Blanchard, Zoe Danon and Alexis Arieff, owVB00023) Conflict in Syria and Iraq: Implications for Religious “Minorities, by Christopher M. Blanchatd. 1 p anion) Core Interests and the New Model of U.S.-China Relations, by Susan V. Lawrence. 1 p. (iN10010) Crisis in Irag: Securing U.S. Citizens, Personnel, and Facilities, by Alex Tiersky. | p. (INI0090) The Crisis in South Sudan, by Lauren Ploch ‘Blanchard, 21 p. (R43344) Crisis in the Central African Republic, by Alexis Arieff. 17 p. (R43377) Crisis-Related U.S. Military Assistance to Iraq, by Rohit Bhatia and Kenneth Katzman, 1 p. ai0132) CRS Centennial Symposium: Session 2, “Order and Disorder in an Interconnected World: The “Arab Spring,’ ” by Jeremy M. Sharp. (WRED0087) CRS Centennial Symposium, Sess. 2: “Order and Disorder in an Interconnected World: The “Arab Spring,’ " by Jeremy M. Sharp, (wVB00035) DC. Cir ims of Hezbollah Bombing May Not Seize Blocked EFT Funds Destined for Iranian Banks: They Are Not “Owned” by Iran, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG740) Dilemma of the Camp Hurriya Residents, by Ruth Ellen Wasem, Rhoda Margesson and Kenneth Kateman. I p. (IN10067) Diplomatic and Embassy Security Funding Before ‘and After the Benghazi Attacks, by Susan B. Epstein. 18 p. (R43721) “The following acronyms are wed: AST ~ appropriation product, IF = in focus, IN = insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE =seminar, WRE- recorded event, WSL ebay, end WB = video rieDiplomatic Security After Benghazi, by Alex Tiersky. Ip. (IN10022) Ebola: 2014 Outbreak in West Affica, by Tiali Saloam-Blyther and Nicolas Cook. 100044) bola Virus Disease (Ebola or EVD): Experts List, by TiajiSalaam-Blyther. 2p. (R43736) Economie Crisis in Ukraine, by Rebecca M. Nelson, 1 p. (110066) El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations, by Clare Ribando Seelke, 24 p. (R43616) Ethiopia: An Overview, by Lauren Ploch Blanchard. (F00048) False Alarms Citing Ukraine-Related Sanctions, by M, Maureen Murphy. (WSLG982) Foreign Fighters in Syria, by Christopher M. Blanchard. | p. (IN10018) FY2015 International Affairs Budget: Issues for ‘Congress, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2180) Georgia's October 2013 Presidential Election: ‘Outcome and Implications, by Jim Nichol. 9p. (R43299) Hong Kong's Summer for Democracy?, by Michael F, Martin. 1 p. (INIO114) House Select Committee Precedents and Procedures and H. Res. 567, Establishing a Select ‘Committee on the 2012 Benghazi Attack, by Christopher M. Davis. 1 p. (IN10055) Implementing the Affordable Care Act: Delays, Extensions, and Other Actions Taken by the Administration, by Janet Kinzer and C. Stephen Redhead. 9 p. (R43474) Increased Department of Defense Role in U.S. Ebola Response, by Don J Jansen. | p. (IN10152) India's Domestie Political Setting, by K. Alan Kronstadt. (1F00037) India's New Government and Implications for US. Interests, by K, Alan Kronstadt. 14 p. (43679) India's 2014 Parliamentary Elections, by K. Alan Kronstadt. 1 p. (IN10044) India-US. Economic Relations: In Brief, by Michael F. Martin, Coordinator, Alison Siskin, Samir Kumar, Shayerah Tlias Akhtar and K. Alan Kronstadt 13 p. (R43741) Indonesia’s 2014 Presidential Election, by Ben Dolven. 1 p. (IN10125) 15 Interim Agreement on Iran's Nuclear Program, by Paul K, Kerr and Kenneth Katzman. 20 p. (R43333) Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear ‘Cooperation, by Paul K. Kerr, Steven A. Hildreth and Mary Beth D. Nikitin, 1 p. (R43480) Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions, by Dianne E. Rennack. 27 p. (a3) Inag Criss and U.S. Policy, by Kenneth Katzman, Carla E, Humud, Alex Tiersy, Rhoda Margesson and Christopher M. Blanchard 14. (43612) Iraq Crisis: CRS Experts, by Ca (R43605) Iraqi and Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Programs, by Andorra Bruno. 18 p.(R43725) ‘The Islamic State in Syria and iraq: A Possible Threat to Jordan?, by Jeremy M. Sharp. |p. anio143) The “Islamic State” (SIL/ISIS) Crisis and U.S. Strategy, by S. Stephen Dagedakis. (WPE2349) The Islamic State: Q&A, by Carla E, Humud, Kenneth Kataman and Christopher M. Blanchard, (1F000S0) Israel and Hamas: Another Round of Conflict, by Jim Zanotti. | p. (IN10104) Israel's Iron Dome Anti-Rocket System: US. ‘Assistance and Coproduction, by Jeremy M. Sharp. 1p. (IN1O1S8) 1s the 2002 Iraq AUMF Still Good Law? And Can tne President Use Force in Iraq Regardless? by Michael John Garcia. (WSLG970) The June 4-5, 2014, G-7 Summit, by Rebecca M "Nelson. 1 p. (IN10082) ‘The “Khorasan Group” in Syria, by Christopher M. Blanchard. 1 p. (INIO15S) The Kurds and Possible Iraqi Kurdish Independence, by Kenneth Katzman and Jim Zanotti |p civtoiosy “Leahy Law” Human Rights Provisions and Security Assistance: Issue Overview, by Nina M. Serafino, Coordinator, Lauren Ploch Blanchard, Liana Rosen and June S, Beitel. 24 p. (43361) ‘Malaysia: Background and U.S. Relations, by lan E. Rinehart. 1 p. (R43505) E, Humud. 3 p. The following acronyns sre used: AST= appropriasons product, IF = infocus, IN= insight, R= report, RL= rept, WPE “seminar, WRE = recorded event, WSLG = egal sidebar, and WWE ™ video brief.Mali: Current Issues, by Alexis Arieff. (1F00031) Marijuana Legalization in Uruguay: Policy Developments and Context, by Liana Rosen and Peter J. Meyer. 1 p. (IN10008) ‘The May 2014 European Parliament Elections, by Kristin Archick. 1 p. ([N10065) Membership in the United Nations and Its Specialized Agencies, by Marjorie Ann Browne and Luisa Blanchfield. 27 p. (R43614) ‘Mexico's Oil and Gas Sector: Background, Reform Efforts, and Implications for the United States, by Clare Ribando Seelke, Coordinator, M. ‘Angeles Villarreal, Curry L. Hagerty and Michael Ratner. 18 p. (R43313) Military Coup in Thailand, by Ben Dolven and ‘Emma Chanlett-Avery. 1 p. (IN10073) Military Coup in Thailand, by Emma Chanlet-Avery ‘and Ben Dolven. 1 p. (IN10072) NATO: Response to the Crisis in Ukraine and ‘Security Concerns in Central and Eastern Europe, by Paul Belkin, Coordinator, Derek E. Mix and Steven Woehrel. 17 p. (R43478) ‘NATO's Wales Summit: Expected Outcomes and ‘Key Challenges, by Paul Belkin. 13 p. (R43698) ‘A New Dispute over Pipeline Border Crossings?, by ‘Adam Vann. (WSLG795) ‘Nigeria: Current Issues, by Lauren Ploch Blanchard, (1F00030) Nigeria's Boko Heram: Frequently Asked Questions, by Lauren Ploch Blanchard, 20 p. (R43558) Pakistan Political Unrest: In Brief, by Samir Kumar and K. Alan Kronstadt. 11 p.(R43717) “The Palestinians: Fatah-Hamas “Unity” and U.S. Aid, by Jim Zanotti. 1 p.(IN10043) Panama: Background and U.S. Relations, by Andrew Lec and Mark P. Sullivan, 16 p. (R43620) Election, by Mark Panama’s Upcoming Presiden P, Sullivan. 1p. (IN10033) People from the United States Joining Groups Involved in the Syrian Civil War, by Jerome P. Bjelopera. 1 p. (IN10029) ‘The Politics of Constitutional Reform in Burma, by Michael F. Martin, 1 p. (IN10047) Possible Missile Attack on Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, by Jeremiah Gertler. 1 p. (IN10115) “The following acronyms ae used: AST = appropriations produc, IF = in oes, ‘corded event, WSLG = legal sidebar, and WVB = video bit 16 Powering Africa: Challenges of and U.S. Aid for Electrification in Africa, by Michael Ratner, Richard J. Campbell, Phillip Brown and ‘Nicolas Cook. 34 p. (R43593) President Obama’s Asia Trip: What Next for ‘Congress?, by Ben Dolven, Susan V. Lawrence, Bruce Vaughn, lan E. Rinchart and ‘Thomas Lum. 1 p. (IN10045) ‘The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR): Summary of Recent Developments, by Briana M, Savage and Tiaji Salaam-Blyther. (iF00042) Proposed Train and Equip Authorities for Syria: In Brief, by Christopher M. Blanchard. 1 p. (RA3727) ‘The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests— 2014, by Ben Dolven and Thomas Lum. 1 p. (43498) Responding to Libya's Political and Security Crises: Policy Choices for the United States, by (Christopher M. Blanchard. 1 p. (IN1O118) Russian Sanctions Reprisal Against the RD-180 Rocket Engine: Paths Ahead for U.S. National Security Space Launch, by Steven A. Hildreth. I p. (110069) Russia Sanctions: Options, by Dianne E, Rennack. Tp. QNIOII7) Russia's Ban on Certain Imported Food and ‘Agricultural Goods, by Joel L. Greene, 1 p. (aN10133) Rwanda: Current Issues, by Alexis Arieff, (IF00038) Safe at Home? Letting Ebola-Stricken Americans Return, by Sarah A. Lister. | p. (IN10126) Scotland’s Independence Referendum, by Derek E. Mix. 1 p. (IN10150) Select Committee on Benghazi: CRS Experts, by ‘Allex Tiersky. 2 p. (R43536) South Korea: Background and U.S. Relations, by lan E, Rinehart, Emma Chanlett-Avery, Christopher H. Scott, Mary Beth D. Ni Brock R. Williams and Mark E, Manyin ar00047), ‘South Sudan; Current Issues, by Lauren Ploch Blanchard. (1F00032) ‘The State Department Releases Its Final EIS for the Keystone XL Pipeline. What's Next?, by Linda Luther, (1F0G009) = insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE =semina, WRE=State-Foreign Operations, by Justin Murray. (asTI77) State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2015 Budget and Appropriations, by Susan BB. Epstein, Alex Tiersky and Marian L, Lawson, 27 p. (R43569) Sudan: Issues for Congress, by Lauren Ploch Blanchard. (100034) Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations, by Christopher H. Scott, Ben Dolven and Emma Chanlett-Avery. (1F00049) ‘Trade A\tica Initiative, by Brock R, Williams and Nicolas Cook. 1 p. (IN10015) Turkey Between Elections Amid Domestic ‘Controversy, by Jim Zanotti. 1 p. (IN10014) ‘Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): U.S. and International Response to Philippines Disaster, by Rhoda Margesson, Coordinator and Thomas Lum, Coordinator. 23 p. (R43309) ‘Ukraine-Related Sanctions: Executive Orders and ending Legislation, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG863) ‘Ukraine's Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications, by Steven Woebrel. 1 p. (@N10070) ‘Unaccompanied Children from Central America Foreign Policy Considerations, by Peter J. ‘Moyer, Coordinator, Maureen Taft-Morales, ‘Rhoda Margesson and Clare Ribando Seelke. 20 p. (R43702) UN, Peacekeeping Operation Authorized for the Central African Republic, by Alexis Arieff. 1 p. @N10016) U.S--Africa Leaders Summit: Frequently Asked Questions and Background, by Nicolas Cook, Coordinator, Lauren Ploch Blanchard, Brock R. Williams and Alexis Arieff. 28 p. (R43655) USS, Diplomatic Missions: Background and Issues on. Chief of Mission (COM) Authority, by Nina M. Serafino and Matthew C. Weed. 15 p. (R43422) U.S-EU Cooperation on Ukraine and Russia, by Derek E. Mix and Kristin Archick. |p. (aN10129) USS. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2015 Appropriations, by Peter J. Meyer. 16 p. (R43577) ‘The following acronyms ae used: AST = appropriations product recorded event, WSLG = egal sidebar, and WVB = vio bri. 7 U.S-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons ‘Agreement: Background and Issues for ‘Congress, by Cumry L. Hagerty. 1p. (R43606) U.S--Russia Economie Relations, by Rebecca M. ‘Nelson. 1 p. (INIO119) USS. Sanctions on Russia in Response to Events in Ukraine, by Dianne E. Rennack, Coordinator, ‘Steven Woehrel, Rebecca M. Nelson and William H. Cooper. I p.(IN10048) ‘The U.S, Wine Industry and Selected Trade Issues with the European Union, by Renée Johnson. 17 p. (R43658) Water Searcity in Iran: A Challenge for the Regime?, by Jeremy M. Sharp. I p, (IN10028) “Womenomics” in Japan: In Brief, by Emma ‘Chanlett-Avery and Rebecca M. Nelson. |p. (43668) Health ‘The ACA Medicaid Expansion, by Alison Mitchell. 32 p. (R43564) ‘The Affordable Care Act: Is “Payback” of Medicaid Costs from a Recipient's Estate Required?, by Kathleen S. Swendiman, (WSLG811) ‘The Affordable Care Act, the Impact of a Lower ‘Court Ruling, and Enforcing a Court’s Ruling, by Todd Garvey and Andrew Nolin, (WSLG850) ‘Annual CT Scans for High Risk Smokers Finalized ‘As New Preventive Health Service, by Kathleen 8. Swendiman, (WSLG786) Brief History of NIH Funding: Fact Sheet, by Judith A, Johnson. 5 p. (R43341) Can a State Ban An “Unsafe” Prescription Drug?, by Andrew Nolan. (WSLG902) Cancellation of Nongroup Health Insurance Policies, by Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. 9p. (R43314) ‘Can Third Parties Pay Health Insurance Pr the Exchanges?, by Jennifer A. Staman. (WSLG886) Caution Needed When Comparing VA and Private Sector Health Care, by Angela Nepili, Janet Kinzer, Erin Bagalman and Elayne J. Heisler Tp. (IN10084) in focus, IN insight, R= epot, R= report, WPE =seriar, WRE=Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: President's FY2015 Budget, by Alison Mitchell, Coordinator, Kirsten J. Colello, Patricia A. Davis, Adrienne L. Femandes- ‘Alcantara, Jim Hahn, Judith A. Johnson, Suzanne M. Kirchhoff, Annie L. Mach, Paulette C. Morgan, William R. Morton, Amanda K. Sarata, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Jennifer A. Staman, Emilie Stoltzfus, Scott R, ‘Talaga, Susan Thaul, Sibyl Tilson, Evelyne P. Baumrucker, Cliff Binder and Andorra Bruno. 67 p. (R43446) CMS Releases Medicare Physician Data: Proceed ‘with Caution, by Jim Hahn. 1 p. (IN10012) ‘Congress Reacts to Supreme Court Decisions, [Expands Medicaid Recovery Provision, by Jared P. Cole. (WSLG793) Consumer Product Safety Commission Seeks to ‘Make Voluntary Recall Agreements Legally Binding, by Brandon J. Murrill. (WSLG792) Court Puts State Restrictions on ACA Navigators on Hold, by Jennifer A. Staman. (WSLG817) Data Transparency in Medicare: Physician Data and Health Care Quality, by Amanda K, Sarata. I p. (aNI0051) Defense Health Care: 2015 TRICARE Fee Change Proposals, by Don J. Jansen. 1 p. (INI0004) ‘The Drug Enforcement Administration's Role in Reducing Prescription Drug and Heroin Abuse, by Lisa N. Sacco. 1 p. (IN10068) Enforcement of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: Select Legal Issues, by Jennifer A. Staman and ‘Andrew Nolan. 18 p. (R43609) FDA Regulation of Electronic Cigaretes, by Ada S. Comell and C. Stephen Redhead. Ip. (10052) FDA Review of Sunscreen Ingredients, by Susan Thaul, 1 p. (INIOIS1) FLU Preview: Abortion and Reproductive Health, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG856) Food and Drug Administration Continuing ‘Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin ‘Murray. (ASTISI) From Initial Rate Filings to Final Premiums: Peering into the Black Box, by Annie L. Mach and Bernadette Femandez. | p. (IN10128) Getting Health Care Outside the VA, by Matthew B. Barry and Erin Bagalman. 1 p. (IN10074) “The following aeons are used: AST = appropriations produc, IF=in focus, IN. recorded event, WSLG = legal sidebar and WVB = video bit 8 Heroin and Prescription Opioid Abuse: Access to Naloxone to Treat Overdose, by Erin Bagalman. 1 p. (IN10031) History and Current Status for Enforcement of 'ACA’s Contraceptive Coverage Requirement, by Cynthia Brougher. (WSLG689) Hospital Admitting Privileges and Burdens on ‘Abortion, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG1033) House Seeks to Curb Federal Interference with State ‘Medical Marijuana Laws, by Todd Garvey. (wSLG957) H.R. 4414 and Expatriate Health Plan Data, by ‘Alison Siskin and Bernadette Fernandez. 1p aN10034) Improving Health Care Access for Veterans: H.R. 3230, by Sidath Viranga Panangala. 16 p. (43686) ‘The Indian Health Service (IHS): An Overview, by Elayne J. Heisler. 27 p. (R43330) Juice Labeling and Pom Wonderful v. Coca-Cola: ‘A Legal Overview, by Emily M. Lanza. 14 p. (R43670) Justice and Mental Health Collaboration Program: Fact Sheet, by Nathan James. | p. (R43556) Legal Issues with Federal Labeling of Genetically Engineered Food: In Brief, by Emily M. Lanza, 9p. (R43705) Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the “Affordable Care Act, by Janet Kinzer and C. Stephen Redhead. 20 p. (R43289) Long-Term Services and Supports: In Brief, by Kirsten J. Colello. 7p. (R43495) ‘Making continuing appropriations for the National Institutes of Health for FY2014, and for other ‘purposes, by Justin Murray. (AST147) Marijuana: Medical and Retail—An Abbreviated View of Selected Legal Issues, by Charles Doyle and Todd Garvey. 12 p. (R43437) ‘Marijuana: Medical and Retail—Selected Legal Issues, by Todd Garvey and Charles Doyle 40 p. (R43435) Medicaid: An Overview, by Alison Mitchell, Coordinator, Elicia J. Herz and Evelyne P. Baumrucker. 37 p. (R43357) Medicaid Coverage of Long-Term Services and ‘Supports, by Kirsten J, Colello. 29 p. (R43328) report, WPE =semiou, WRE= sight, R= report, RLMedicaid Financial Eligibility for Long-Term Services and Supports, by Kirsten J. Colello. 14 p. (RA3506) “Medicaid/Medicare Limits on Charges or Reimbursement of Health Care Providers are not Takings of Property—Say Court Decisions So Far, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG796) ‘The Medical Device Excise Tax: Economic Analysis, by Sean Lowry and Jane G. Gravelle. Ip. (43342) Medical Products, Medical Practice, and Stem Cells: ‘One Court Weighs In, by Jennifer A. Staman. (WSLG876) Medicare Advantage: Proposed Benchmark Update ‘and Other Adjustments for CY2015 in Brief, by Paulette C. Morgan. 11 p. (R43421) Medicare: Insolvency Postponed, by Patricia A. Davis. I p. (INIO121) “The Mental Health Workforce: A Primer, by Erin Bagalman and Elayne 5. Heisler. 21 p (R43255) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Is Ita Health Emergency’, by Sarah A. Lister. Ip. (RA3584) ‘The Number of Veterans That Use VA Health Care Services: A Fact Sheet, by Erin Bagalman 3p. (R379) ‘Obama Administration's “Fix” for Insurance Cancellations: A Legal Overview, by Jennifer A, Staman, (WSLG724) ‘Overview of Health Care Changes in the FY2015, House Budget, by Bernadette Fernandez, Alison Mitchell and Patricia A. Davis. 13 p. (43479) Preempting Preemption: A Legal Analysis of the FDA’s New Proposed Rules on Generic Drug Labeling, by Andrew Nolan, (WSLG725) Prescription Drug Abuse, by Erin Bagalman, Coordinator, Lisa N. Sacco, Susan Thaul and Brian T. Yeh. 20 p. (R43559) Privacy and Health Insurance Exchanges, by Gina Stevens. (WSLG775) ‘The Proposed Drug Quality and Security Act (H.R. 3204), by Susan Thaul. 13 p. (R43290) Public Health Service Agencies: Overview and Funding, by C. Stephen Redhead, Coordinator, ‘Amalia K, Corby-Edwards, Coordinator, Sarah ‘A, Lister, Amanda K. Sarata, Erin Bagalman, ‘The following arom recorded event, WSLG = legal sidebar, and WVB = video bi 79 Elayne J. Heisler, Susan Thaul and Pamela W. ‘Smith, 51 p. (R43304) Regulation of Clinical Tests: In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Devices, Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTS), and Genetic Tests, by Judith A. Johnson and Amanda K. Sarata. 19 p. (R43438) Revision of the Nutrition Facts Label: Proposed Rules, by Agata Dabrowska, 23 p. (R43733) SAMHSA FY2015 Budget Request and Funding History: A Fact Sheet, by Erin Bagalman. 1 p. (RA3681) State Children’s Health Insurance Program: An Overview, by Alison Mitchell and Evelyne P. Baumrucker. 37 p. (R43627) ‘Summary Cost Data for Federally-Facilitated Exchanges, 2014, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bernadette Femandez. 2 p, (R43484) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Alabama’s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bernadette Fernandez, 4 p. (R43485) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Alaska’s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L, Mach and Bemadette Femandez. 5 p, (R43486) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Arizona's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. 4 p. (R43488) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Arkansas's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Annie L. Mach, Bernadette Femmandez.and Nicholas Elan. 4 p. (R43487) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Delaware's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Femandez. 5 p. (R43499) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Florida's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. 5 p. (R43500) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Georgia's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bernadette Fernandez, 5 p. (R43501) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Tdaho's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bernadette Femandez. 5p. (R&3523) sae wed: AST ~ appropriations product, IP ~ in fous, N= insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE =seminar, WRE =Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in linois’s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez, 5 p. (R43502) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Indiana's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nicholas Elan, Bemadette Fernandez and ‘Annie L. Mach. 1 p. (R43512) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Towa’s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette "emandez. 5 p. (R43503) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Kansas"s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Annie L. Mach, Bernadette Feiandez and ‘Nicholas Elan. 5 p. (R43513) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Louisiana’s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. 5 p. (R43514) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Maine's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nicholas Elan, Annie L, Mach and Bernadette Fernandez. 5 p. (R43515) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Michigan's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Bernadette Femandez and Annie L. Mach, 5 p. (R43516) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Mississippi's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. 1 p. (R43526) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in “Missouri's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Bernadette Fernandez, Nicholas Elan and Annie L. Mach. 5 p. (R43527) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Montana's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Femandez. |p. (R&3528) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Nebraska's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadete Femandez. | p.(R43549) Summary Cost Data for Heath Plans Available in ‘New Hampshire's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Flan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Femander. 5p. (R43550) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘New Jerseys Exchange, 2014; Fact Sheet, by “The fllowing acronyms ae sed: AST = appropriation product, IF =n oes, I recorded event, WSLG = legal sdeba, and WVB = video brit 80 ‘Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Femandez. 5 p. (R43551) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘New Mexico's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez, 5 p. (R43552) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘North Carolina's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and. Bernadette Femandez. 1 p. (R43529) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘North Dukota’s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. | p. (R43530) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Ohio's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. 5 p. (R43553) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Okiahoma’s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Femandez. 1 p.(R43554) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Pennsylvania's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by “Annie L. Mach and Bernadette Femandez, 5 p (R#3662) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘South Carolina's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. 5p. (R43663) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in South Dakota's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Annie L. Mach, Nicholas Elan and Beradete emandez, |p. (R43601) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in “Tennessee's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Nicholas Elan, Bernadette Femandez and Annie L. Mach. 1 p, (R43602) Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in "Texas's Exchange, 2014: Fat Sheet, by Bernadette Femandez, Annie L. Mach and Nicholas Elan, 5 p. (R43603) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Utah's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Annie LL. Mach and Bemadette Femandez. 5p. (Ra3672) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Virginia's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by [Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Femandez. 1 p. (Ri3673) insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE = seminar, WRE=Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in West Virginia's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Annie L. Mach and Bernadette Femandez. Tp. (R43674) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in Wisconsin's Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by ‘Annie L. Mach and Beradette Fernandez. |p. (R43675) ‘Summary Cost Data for Health Plans Available in ‘Wyoming’s Exchange, 2014: Fact Sheet, by Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. |p. (R43676) ‘The Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) and Medicare Physician Payments: Frequently Asked Questions, by Jim Hahn. 8 p, (R43430) Telehealth and Telemedicine: Description and Issues, by Bemice Reyes-Akinbileje. 1 p. (R43683) Title X Family Planning Program, by Angela Napili, ‘(1F00052) ‘Traditional Benefits and Alternative Benefit Plans ‘Under Medicaid, by Elicia J. Herz. 19 p (43656) ‘Treatment of Noneitizens Under the Affordable Care Act, by Erika K. Lunder and Alison Siskin, 20 p, (R43561) Update: Congress Delays Expansion of Medicaid Recovery Provision, by Jared P. Cole. (WwSLG882) USS. Efforts to Address Global Violence Against ‘Women, by Luisa Blanchtield, (1FO0043) U.S. Efforts to Strengthen Health Systems, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2223) USS. Efforts to Strengthen Health Systems, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2235) USS. Opioid Epidemic: The Role of Heroin, by Kristin Finklea, 1 p. (IN10032) VA Takes Steps to Increase Health Care Data ‘Transparency, by Erin Bagalman. 1 p. ant0083) ‘Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountabi ‘Act of 2014 (H.R. 3230; P.L. 113-146), by. Elayne J. Heisler, Maeve P. Carey, Cassandria, Dortch and Sidath Viranga Panangala. 21 p. (43704) ‘The Veterans Health Administration and Medical Education: A Fact Sheet, by Elayne J. Heisler and Erin Bagalman. 4 p. (R43587) are used: AST= appropri legal sidebar, and WWE = video bie. 81 ions produ, IF in foes, IN Veterans’ Medical Care: FY2015 Appropriations, by ‘Sidath Viranga Panangala. 20 p. (R43547) ‘Veterans’ Patient Satisfaction Data: A Possible Complement to Wait Time Data, by Amanda K. Sarata, I p. (IN10093) ‘Wait Times for Veterans Health Not New, by Sidath ‘Viranga Panangala. 1 p. (IN10063) ‘Who Pays for Long-Term Services and Supports? A Fact Sheet, by Scott R. Talaga and Kirsten J Colello. 1 p. (R43483) Homeland Security and Terrorism ‘The “1033 Program,” Department of Defense Support to Law Enforcement, by Daniel H. Else. 7 p. (R43701) 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Revie Evolution of Strategic Review, by Shawn Reese. | p. (IN10127) The 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics: Security and Homan Rights Issues, by Jim Nichol, Coordinator, Steven Woehrel, Alex Tiersky, Elaine Halchin and John W. Rollins. 21 p. (R43383) Adults and Adults with Children (Family Units) Apprehended by Border Patrol: {A Processing Flow Chart, by Alison Siskin. 1p. (IN10122) ‘American Foreign Fighters and the Islamic State: Broad Challenges for Federal Law Enforcement, by Jerome P. Bjelopera. I p. (INI0154) Averse to Adversity? USA FREEDOM Act & the FISA Court, by Andrew Nolan, (WSLG952) Border Security and Enforcement Continuing ‘Appropriations Resolution, 2014, by Justin Murray. (AST1S3) Border Security: Immigration Inspections at Port ‘of Entry, by Mare R, Rosenblum. 35 p. (RA3356) ‘Can Ahmed Abu Khattalah be Held at Guantanamo or Tried by Military Commission?, by Jennifer K. Elsea, (WSLG969) Colorado Defendant Challenges Consttutionalty of Expanded Foreign Surveillance Program, by Andrew Nolan, Edward C. Liu and Richard M. Thompson I, (WSLGS09) insight, R= report, RL report, WPE =seminr, WRE =The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United ‘States, by James K. Jackson. (IF00027) ‘The Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund (CTPF) Proposal: Questions for Congress, by Nina M Serafino, Coordinator. 1 p. (IN10103) (Cyberattacks on Target and Other Retailers, by 'N. Erie Weiss and Rena S, Miller. 1 p. (1N10049) Cybersecurity: Data, Statistics, and Glossaries, by Rita Tehan, 11 p. (R43310) Cybersecurity: Legislation, Hearings, and Executive Branch Documents, by Rita Tehan. 27 p. (R43317) Data Security and Credit Card Thefts: CRS Experts, by Brie A. Fischer. 1 p. (R43382) Disclosure of FISA Opinions—Select Legal Issues, by Jared P, Cole. 16 p. (R43404) Does the Immigration and Nationality Act Distinguish Between “Terrorist Organizations” and “Freedom Fighters”?, by Michael John Garcia. (WSLG943) Domestic Federal Law Enforcement Coordination: ‘Through the Lens of the Southwest Border, by Kristin Finklea and Jerome P. Bjelopera. 1 p. (43583) Domestic Terrorism Appears to Be Reemerging as a Priority at the Deparment of Justice, by Jerome P. Bjelopera. I p. (IN10137) Federal Building and Facility Security: Frequently ‘Asked Questions, by Shawn Reese. I p. (43570) Federal Law Update-08 Reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: A Legal Overview of Procedural and Substantive FISA Reforms, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2190) FLU Preview: Reform of the Foreign Intelligence ‘Surveillance Act, by Richard M. Thompson I and Andrew Nolan. (WSLG867) FY2014 Appropriations Lapse and the Department of Homeland Security: Impact and Legislation, by William L, Painter. 18 p. (R43252) Homeland Security, by Justin Murray. (ASTI72) by Ruth Ellen Immigration: Visa Security Poli ‘Wasem. 19 p. (R43589) Implementation of Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS): Issues for Congress, by Dana A. Shea. 1 p. (R43346) 82 In the Matter of LabMD: The FTC Must Publicly Disclose Its Data Security Standards, by Gina Stevens. (WSLLG959) Introducing a Public Advocate into the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act’s Courts: Select Legal Issues, by Andrew Nolan, Vivian S, Chu and Richard M. Thompson II, 30 p. (43260) Man without a Country? Expatriation of U.S. Citizen “Foreign Fighters,” by Margaret Mikyung Lee. (WSLG1063) ‘The *Militarization” of Law Enforcement and the Department of Defense’s “1033 Program,” by ‘Nathan James and Daniel H. Else. 1p. (IN10138) National Special Security Events: Fact Sheet, by Shawn Reese. 4 p. (R43522) No-Fly Lists: District Court Rules against the Government, by Jared P. Cole. (WSLG808) President Obama Announces Changes to NSA ‘Telephony Metadata Program, by Edward C. Liu. (WSLG794) Ralls Corp v. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States: A Change in the Review of Foreign Investments for National Security Concems?, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG1020) Split in Federal Courts Over Consttutionality of ‘NSA Bulk Telephone Metadata Collection Program, by Richard M. Thompson Il. (WSLG765) The Target Data Breach: Frequently Asked ‘Questions, by N, Eric Weiss and Rena S. Miller. 30 p. (R43496) ‘Terrorism Risk Insurance Legislation: Issue ‘Summary and Side-by-Side Analysis, by Baird Webel. 10 p. (R43619) ‘Terrorism Risk Insurance: Overview & Current Legislation, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2256) ‘Terrorism Risk Insurance: Overview & Current Legislation, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2257) USS. Secret Service Protection, by Shawn Reese. 1p. (IN10000) Housing Affordable Housing Provisions in Selected Housing. Finance Reform Proposals, by Sean M. “The following acronyms are used: AST = appropriations produc, IF ~ in focus, IN= insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE = seminar, WRE = recorded event, WSLG ~ legal sidebar, and WVB = video bitHoskins, N. Erie Weiss and Katie Jones. | p. (43307) ‘An Analysis ofthe Geographic Distribution ofthe Mortgage Interest Deduction, by Mark P. Keightley. 17 p. (R43385) Appellate Courts Reach Differing Conclusions as to Whether Local Restrictions on Renting to ‘Unauthorized Aliens Are Preempted, by Kate M, Manuel. (WSLG703) Department of Housing and Urban Development: FY2015 Appropriations, by Libby Per, Katie Jones and Eugene Boyd, 16 p. (Ra3548) Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2015 Budget Request Overview and Resources, by Libby Perl and Katie Jones. 4p, (43427) Fair Housing Act Escapes Supreme Court Review for Second Time, by Jody Feder. (WSLG719) FHA Single-Family Mortgage Insurance: Recent Policy Changes and Proposed Legislation, by Katie Jones. Ip. (R43531) F¥2015 Department of Housing and Urban Development Appropriations: Fact Sheet, by Libby Perl, Eugene Boyd and Katie Jones. I p (R43578) Housing Finance Reform Heats Up inthe Senate, But Enactment Remains Uncertain, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG849) Housing Issues in the 113th Congress, by Katie Jones, Coordinator, N. Eric Weiss, David H. Carpenter, Sean M. Hoskins, Mark P. Keightley and Maggie McCarty. 28 p. (R43367) Mortgage Market Reform and Other Housing Issues: "A CRS Open House, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2129) ‘The Native American Housing Assistance and Self- Determination Act of 1996 (NAHASDA): Background and Funding, by Katie Jones. 39 p. (R43307) Rebuilding with Sustainability: HUD’s Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Notice, by Daniel J. Olds. (WSLG752) Recently Expired Housing Related Tax Provisions (Tax Extenders”) in Brief, by Mark P. Keightley. I p. (43449) 83 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, ‘and Related Agencies (THUD): FY2015, Appropriations, by David Randell Peterman and Libby Perl. 25 p. (R43582) ‘Work Requirements, Time Limits, and Work Incentives in TANF, SNAP, and Housing Assistance, by Gene Felk, Randy Alison ‘Aussenberg and Maggie MeCarty. 31 p. (43400) Law and Justice 5 Things to Know About Recreational Marijuana Use and Sales in Colorado, by Brian T. Yeh and ‘Todd Garvey. (WSLG797) 9/11 Victims May Get Second Shot at Suing Saudi ‘Arabia, by Jennifer K. Elsea. (WSLG764) 9th Circuit Decision Enables DACA Beneficiaries— and Other Aliens Granted Deferred Action—to Get Arizona Driver's Licenses, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG1057) 1th Circuit Finds That Agencies Have Broad Discretion to Suspend Affiliates of Federal Contractors, But Additional Challenges Are Pending in Other Jurisdictions, by Kate M. Manuel, (WSLG826) 1th Circuit Requires Warrant for Acquisition of Cellphone Location Data, by Richard M. ‘Thompson II, (WSLG963) 2014 Omnibus Appropriations: Controlling Federal ‘Agencies through Appropriations, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLG789) Administrative Law Primer: Statutory Definitions of “Agency” and Characteristics of Agency Independence, by Daniel T, Shedd and Jared P. Cole. 17 p. (R43562) Aereo and FilmOn X: Internet Television Streaming ‘and Copyright Law, by Emily M. Lanza, 12 p. (R43359) Acreo: Over & Out? Supreme Court's Decision in ABC v. Aereo, by Emily M. Lanza, (WSLG986) ‘The Affordable Care Act: Is “Payback” of Medicaid Costs from a Recipient's Estate Required”, by Kathleen S. Swendiman, (WSLG811) ‘The Affordable Care Act, the Impact of a Lower Court Ruling, and Enforcing a Court's Ruling, by Todd Garvey and Andrew Nolan, (WSLG8s0) ‘The following acroayns ae used: AST = appropriations product, IF =n fous, IN insight, R= eport, RL. repr, WPE ~seminr, WRE~ recorded event, WSLG = egal sidebar, and WB ™ video brieAggravated Identity Theft, Unlike Identity Fraud, Requires a Stolen Identity, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG700) “Aging Out” of Visa Preferences, by Larry M. Eig. (WSLG996) ALERRT! House to Consider Regulatory Reform Package, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLG830) Aliens’ Right to Counsel in Removal Proceedings: In Brief, by Kate M. Manuel. 11 p. (R43613) Allegations Against KBR Raise Questions About Federal Contractor Whistleblower Protections, by Rodney M, Perry. (WSLG967) ‘The Americans with Disabilities Act and Service Animals, by Jane M. Smith. (WSLG1036) ‘An Ancient Jurisdictional Statute—Worth a New Look?, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG834) ‘And Nothing But the Truth: Public Employee ‘Testimony and the First Amendment, by Andrew Nolan. (WSLG929) “Annual CT Scans for High Risk Smokers Finalized ‘As New Preventive Health Service, by Kathleen S. Swendimzn. (WSLG786) [Appeals Court Finds Set-Asides for Small Businesses ‘Not Barred by Workforce Investment Act, by Kate M. Manuel, (WSLG738) Appellate Court Rejects Blanket Overseas ‘Application of Federal Criminal Law, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG699) ‘Appellate Courts Reach Differing Conclusions as to Whether Local Restrictions on Renting to Unauthorized Aliens Are Preempted, by Kate M, Manuel. (WSLG703) Apprehensions of Unauthorized Migrants along the Southwest Border: Fact Sheet, by Lisa Segherti ‘and Daniel Durak. Ip. (R43523) ‘Are Protest Buffer Zones Surrounding Abortion Clinies Still Constitutional?, by Kathleen Ann Ruane. (WSLG784) ‘Are Public Pensions Protected in Bankruptey?, by Carol A, Pettit. (WSLG776) _Ammed Services Committees Reach Compromise on Wartime Detention Provisions of 2014 NDAA, by Michael John Garcia, (WSLG745) Amy Corps of Engineers Must Pay Arkansas $5.8 Million for Flooding of Wildlife Management ‘Area: Climate Change Implications?, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG754) 84 Article 1 Standing and Congressional Suits Against the Executive Branch, by Alissa M. Dolan. 16 p. (R43712) Article Tracks Revolutionary Rise of Legislative History as Interpretive Tool, by Larry M. Big. (WSLG748) Asylum and Gang Violence: Legal Overview, by Kate M, Manuel. 24 p. (R43716) Asylum Policies for Unaccompanied Children ‘Compared with Expedited Removal Policies for ‘Unauthorized Adults: In Brief, by Ruth Ellen Wasem. 10 p. (R43664) ‘An Attorney Must Sometimes Tell the Grand Jury of His Advice to a Client, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG843) ‘Averse to Adversity? USA FREEDOM Act & the FISA Court, by Andrew Nolan. (WSLG952) ‘Avoiding the Issue: The Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine and Bond v. United States, by Andrew Nolan. (WSLG961) Bank Consultants under Scrutiny, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG773) Baseball Antitrust Exemption: “Illogical” But Still ‘Applicable For Now, by Kathleen Ann Ruane. (WSLG705), Bitcoin Beware--CFPB Has Is Sights on Virtual ‘Currencies, by M. Maureen Murphy. (wsLG1032) BoA to Pay $45 Million in Civil Penalties and More ‘Than $700 Million in Consumer Relief for Alleged Unfair and Deceptive Credit Card Practices, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG895) Body Armor for Law Enforcement Officers: In Brief, bby Nathan James. I p. (R43544) Brewers and Some Members Not Raising Their Glasses to Proposed FDA Rule, by Emily M. Lanza, (WSLG944) Bucking the Trend: Louisiana’s Same-Sex Marriage Ban Upheld Post-Windsor, by Alison M. Smith (WSLG1083) Buffer Zones: The Supreme Court Decision in ‘MoCullen v. Coakley, by Kathleen Ann Ruane. (WSLG1002) Campaign Finance Law: What is a “Coordinated Communication” versus an “Independent Expenditure", by L. Paige Whitaker. (WSLG909) ‘The following aeronyms are used: AST = appropriations produc, IF ~ infocus, IN= insight, R =eport, RL= report, WPE =somiar, WRE recorded event, WSL = legal sidebar, and WVB = veo brietCan Ahmed Abu Khattalah be Held at Guantanamo ot Tried by Military Commission?, by Jennifer K. Elsea. (WSLG969) Can a State Ban An “Unsafe” Prescription Drug?, by ‘Andrew Nolan. (WSLG902) Can Body Worn Cameras Serve as a Deterrent fo Police Misconduct?, by Nathan James. |p. anto142) Can Businesses Refuse to Serve Same-Sex Couples Based on Religious Belief?, by Kenneth R. ‘Thomas. (WSLG841) Can the IRS Levy the Wages of Private Sector Workers?, by Carol A. Pettit. (WSLG694) ‘Can the Public or Congress Make the Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations More Transparent?, by Brandon J, Murrill. (WSLG820) ‘Can Third Parties Pay Health Insurance Premiums in the Exchanges?, by Jennifer A. Staman. (WSLG886) Certain Blanket Purchase Agreements Are Not Binding Contracts, Federal Circuit Finds, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG919) CFPB Likely Unaffected by the Supreme Court's ‘Recess Appointment Decision, by David H, Carpenter. (WSLG998) CEPB Proposal Sets Conditions for Eliminating Mailing Annual Privacy Notices, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG939) Challenge to Conduct of Expedited Removal Proceedings for Alien Mothers with Children Could Also Affect Processing of Unaccom- panied Children, by Kate M, Manuel, (WSLGI0S8) Chevron Deference and the Recent Court Decisions ‘Conceming Premium Tax Credits, by Daniel T. Shedd. (WSLGI015) CityCenterDC Decision Could Affect How Federal ‘Agencies Structure Public-Private Partnerships, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG962) The Civil Rights Act Tums Fifty, by Jody Feder. (OWSLG993) Clarification of “Any” for Federal Jurisdiction of ‘Cancellation of Trademark Registration, by Emily M. Lanza, (WSLG8S1) Colorado Defendant Challenges Constitutionaity of Expanded Foreign Surveillance Program, by Andrew Nolan, Edward C. Liu and Richard M. ‘Thompson Il (WSLG809) “The fllowing acronyms ae used: AST = aor recorded event, WSLG legal sidebar, and WB = video brief. 85 Colorado's Latest Attempt to Grant Marijuana Dispensaries Access to Financial Services, by M. Maureen Murphy and David H. Carpenter. (WSLG934) ‘Completing the Picture: Locating Federal ‘Regulations by Statutory Authority, by Emily E, Roberss. (WSLG818) ‘Compulsory Licensing of Patented Inventions, by John R. Thomas. 15 p. (R43266) Confidentiality Agreements: Recent Events Raise ‘Questions about Their Use and Enforceability, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG965) Conflicting Court Decisions Throw Health Insurance Premium Tax Credits into Question, by Jennifer A. Staman. (WSLG1005) Conflict Minerals and Resource Extraction: Dodd- Frank, SEC Regulations, and Legal Challenges, by Michael V. Seitzinger and Kathleen Ann Ruane. 17 p, (R43639) ‘Congress Considers Reducing Agency Reporting ‘Requirements, by Daniel T. Shedd (WSLG950) Congressional Drafting: Do Courts Reflect Practice?, by Larry M. Eig. (WSLG802) Congress Reacts to Supreme Court Decisions, Expands Medicaid Recovery Provision, by Jared P. Cole. (WSLG793) ‘The Constitutional State of the Union, by Todd Garvey. (WSLG800) ‘Consumer Product Safety Commission Seeks to Make Voluntary Recall Agreements Legally Binding, by Brandon J. Murrill. (WSLG792) Context and Statutory Meaning: A Case of Fish, by Larry M. Eig. (WSLG941) Contract Board Decision Could Change the Way ‘That Federal Agencies Structure Energy Savings Performance Contracts, by Brandon J Murill. (WSLG739) Corporate Criminal Liability: An Abbreviated (Overview of Federal Law, by Charles Doyle. 2p. (R43294) Corporate Criminal Liability: An Overview of Federal Law, by Charles Doyle. 30 p. (R43293) Could Employees Be Compensated for Time Spent Clearing Security?, by Jon O. Shimabukuro, (WSLG925) ations product, IF = i focus, IN insight, R= epont, RL = report, WPE =seminar, WRE™=Could the SEC's Administrative Forum Have Constitutional Problems?, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG1048) ‘Court Grants Review in Amtrak Nondelegation Doc- trie Case, by Alissa M, Dolan, (WSLG997) Court Limits Rights of Federal Employees in ‘Sensitive Positions to Appeal Adverse Actions, by Jennifer K. Elsea, (WSLG717) Court Must Reveal Identity of “Company Doe” in ‘Case Challenging Federal Product Safety Database, Fourth Circuit Holds, by Brandon J. Murill. (WSLG935) ‘Court Neither Razzled Nor Dazzled by DOE's Failure to Assess Nuclear Waste Fund Fee, by ‘Todd Garvey. (WSLG734) Court of Federal Claims Dismisses Contractor's Indemnification Claim Against the Government, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG932) Court of Federal Claims Rejects VA’s Tough Stance ‘on SDVOSB and VOSB Verification, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG737) Court Orders the Permanent Enjoinment of Fetal Heartbeat Law, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG898) ‘Court Puts State Restrictions on ACA Navigators on Hold, by Jennifer A. Staman. (WSLG817) Court Rejects Agency Fees for “Quasi-Publie” Employees, by Jon O. Shimabukuro, (WSLG1004) Court Rules State Law Applies to Tribal Payday Lenders, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG702) Courts Disagree on Sex Trafficker Sentencing, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG1068) “Credible Fear” Claims by Central American Migrants, by Ruth Ellen Wasem. 1p. (@N10078) “Credible Fear of Persecution” versus “Well-Found. Fear of Persecution”: What's the Difference for ‘Purposes of Federal Immigration Law?, by Kate M, Manuel. (WSLG1026) CRS Presents the Federal Law Update — Fall 2014, by Larry M. Eig. (WSLG1038) CRS Presents the Federal Law Update ~ Spring 2014, by Lany M. Eig. (WSLG848) CRS Produets: What's New on CRS.gov, by Mary P. Geraghty. (WVBO0025) DACA Beneficiaries’ Eligibility for In-State Tuition in Virginia by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG923) 86 D.C. Circuit Court Holds Conflict Minerals Statute ‘and SEC Rule Run Afoul of the First ‘Amendment, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (wSLG927) D.C. Circuit Holds Contraceptive Mandate Violates Business Owners’ Religious Rights, by Cynthia Brougher. (WSLG712) D.C. Circuit Holds that Stanford Losses Not Covered by SIPC, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLGi069) D.C. Circuit Overtuns Drug Conviction Due to Wiretap Violation, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG735) D.C. Circuit: Vietims of Hezbollah Bombing May Not Seize Blocked EFT Funds Destined for Iranian Banks: They Are Not “Owned” by tran, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG740) ‘The Death Master File: Friend or Foe of Identity Theft?, by Emily M. Lanza. (WSLG832) Debit Card Interchange Fee Rule Upheld by DC Circuit; Merchants May Seek Further Review, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLGS78) Deductibilty of JPMorgan Settlement, by Erika K. Lunder. (WSLG727) Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA): Frequently Asked Questions, by Andorra Bruno. 6 p. (R43747) ‘The Delta Smelt Ruling: A Small Fish Tale, by Kristina Alexander, (WSLGSS5) Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges, by Maeve P. Carey and Barry J. MeMillion. (WVB00026) Demographic Diversity on the U.S. Courts of Appeals: An Update, by Barry J. MeMillion. 1p. CINIO136) Department of the Interior Issues Guidance in Connection with Carcieri v. Salazar, by Jane M, Smith. (WSLG845) Department of Veterans Afaits Proposes Rule to ‘Standardize Appeal Forms, by Daniel T, Shedd, (WSLG9I4) Deposits in U.S, Branches in Foreign Countries Are ‘Not FDIC-Insured, by M, Maureen Murphy. (WSLG701) Details Matter: The Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity Often Turn on the Particularities of the Underlying Criminal Statute, by Michael John Garcia, (WSLG946) “The following actonyms ae used: AST = appropriations product, IF ~ in focus, IN= insight, K = report, RL= report, WPE = seminar, WRE = recorded event, WSLCG = lel sdaba, and WV'S = video breDisclosure of FISA Opinions—Select Legal Issues, by Jared P. Cole. 16 p. (R43404) Dish Network Lives to Fight Another Day: ‘Ninth Circuit Refuses To Block Dish’s Streaming Services, by Emily M. Lanza (WSLG1029) District Court Finds Federal Voter Registration Law Does Not Preempt Kansas and Arizona Laws Requiring Documentary Proof of Citizenship, by L. Paige Whitaker and Vivian S, Chu, (WSLG865) District Court Finds It Lacks Jurisdiction over ICE ‘Agents’ Challenge to DACA, by Kate M. Manuel. (WSLG758) District of Columbia: Marijuana Decriminalization and Enforcement; Issues of Home Rule and Congressional Oversight, by Eugene Boyd. | p. (INI0108) A Divided Supreme Court Declines to Overturn Precedent Recognizing Tribal Sovereign Immunity, by Jane M. Smith. (WSLG1008) ‘The Doctrine of Constitutional Avoidance: A Legal Overview, by Andrew Nolan. 28 p. (R43706) Does Government inducement Plus Enabling Assistance Equal Entrapment?, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG698) Does the House of Representatives Have Standing to Sue the President?, by Alissa M. Dolan (WSLG984) Does the Immigration and Nationality Act Distinguish Between “Terrorist Organizations” and “Freedom Fighters”, by Michael John Garcia. (WSLG943) Does the President Have the Authority to Remove ‘An Acting FHFA Director?, by Vivian S, Chu. (wsLG7i4) DOI & Bank of America Enter Biggest Civil Settlement in U.S. History, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG1041) DOJ & FDIC Impose Tens of Millions in Civil Penalties, Restitution, & Remediation, by R. ‘Chuek Mason and David H. Carpenter. (WSLG940) Domestic Content Restrictions: The Buy American ‘Act and Complementary Provisions of Federal Law, by Rodney M. Perry, Brandon J. Murril, ‘Alissa M. Dolan and Kate M, Manuel. 28 p. (43354) 87 Don't Touch My Artisanal Cheese! FDA & the Use of Wood Boards for Cheese Aging, by Emily M. Lanza, (WSLG966) Do State and Local Bans on Hydraulic Fracturing Violate the Dormant Commerce Clause? (Part 1), by Brandon J. Murvll.(WSLG972) Do State and Local Bans on Hydraulic Fracturing Violate the Dormant Commerce Clause? (Part 2), by Brandon J, Murrill. (WSLG973) Early Release for Federal Inmates: Fact Sheet, by ‘Nathan James. 2 p. (R43392) Education Department Cracks Down on Sexual “Assault on College Campuses, by Jody Feder. (WSLG951) Eleven Mega-Banks” Living Wills Aren’t Sufficient; Have Less Than a Year to Make Them Credible to Avoid Penalties, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG1030) Eminem, Jay-Z, and True Threats on Facebook, by Kathleen Ann Ruane. (WSLG980) The “Employment” of College Athletes, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG839) ‘The Endangered Species Act Guide Part 1: How to Lista Species, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG1049) ‘The Endangered Species Act Guide Part 2: Critical Habitat, by Kristina Alexander. (WSLG1061) ENFORCE the Law in Court? Does Congress Have ‘Standing to Sue the President?, by Alissa M. Dolan. (WSLG838) EPA on a Roll?: D.C. Circuit Upholds Three EPA ‘Rulemakings in April, by Robert Metz, (wSLG921) EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases from Existing Power Plants—Part One: Does the Clean Air Act Allow It? by Robert Metz (WSLG781) EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases from Existing ower Plants: Part Two—Does the Clean Air Act Allow Market-Based Approaches?, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG782) EPA’s Proposed Rule Limiting CO; Emissions from Existing Power Plants: Likely Legal Challenges, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG988) EPA Still on a Roll: Three More Wins from the D.C. Circuit in May, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG942) “The following acronyms ae used: AST ~ appropiation produc, IF~in focus, IN= insight, R= eport, RL report, WPE = seminar, WRE = recorded event, WSLC = legal sideba, and WV = video bitExtraterrtoriality in Securities Regulation: Morrison y, National Australia Bank, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG779) FAA Fine for “Reckless” Drone Flight Swatted Down, by Alissa M. Dolan, (WSLG908) FAA Releases Privacy Rules for Drone Test Sites, by Richard M, Thompson Il. (WSLG741) Fair Housing Act Escapes Supreme Court Review for Second Time, by Jody Feder. (WSLG719) Fair Use for Google Books: Recent District Court Ruling in Authors Guild v. Google, by Emily M, Lanza. (WSLG728) alse Alarms Citing Ukraine-Related Sanctions, by M, Maureen Murphy. (WSLG982) Family and Medical Leave and Same-Sex Spouses, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG985) Fast & Furious Subpoena Enforcement Suit Marches ‘On, by Alissa M. Dolan. (WSLG713) FDIC Moves to Modify Guidance “Choking” Banking Services for Certain Legitimate Businesses, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG1023) Federal Appeals Court Finds States and Localities ‘Are Not Required to Hold Aliens Subject to “Immigration Detainers,” by Kate M. Manuel cwSLG897) Federal Circuit Leaves Question of Whether Costs ‘Negligently Incured by Federal Contractors May Be “Reasonable” Unanswered, by Rodney M. Perry. (WSLG915) Federal Circuit Postpones Bernanke Deposition, by M, Maureen Murphy. (WSLG711) Federal Court Overturns Utah's Ban on Same-Sex Marriage. Now What?, by Jody Feder, (WSLG763) Federal Court Ruling on the Bulk Metadata Collection Program: Fourth Amendment Question & the Legal Effect of the Ruling, by Richard M, Thompson Il, Edward C, Liu and Andrew Nolan. (WSLG757) Federal Court Ruling on the Bulk Metadata Collection Program: Standing-to-Sue, by Andrew Nolan, Edward C. Liu and Richard M, ‘Thompson II. (WSLG756) Federal District Court Finds Wisconsin Voter ID Law Unconstitutional and in Violation of | Voting Rights Act, by L. Paige Whitaker. (WSLG930) 88 Federal District Court: Florida’s TANF Drug Testing Law is Unconstitutional, by David Fi Carpenter. (WSLG770) Federal Labor and Employment Protections for Undocumented Workers, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WSLG691) Federal Law Update-01 U.S. Supreme Court 2013- 2014 Term: Cases and Interpretation, by Kenneth R, Thomas. (WPE2299) Federal Law Update-01 U.S. Supreme Court 2013- 2014 Term: Cases and Interpretation, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2183) Federal Law Update-02 Marijuana Legalization in the States: The Application of Federal Law, by ‘Marv Goldstein. (WPE2184) Federal Law Update-02 Recent Supretne Court Constitutional Law Jurisprudence: Themes & ‘Trends, by Andrew Nolan. (WPE2300) Federal Law Update-03 Government Surveillance & the Fourth Amendment Third-Party Doctrine, by Richard M. Thompson Il. (WPE2301) Federal Law Update-03 Recent Developments in the ‘Law of Abortion and Reproductive Health, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2185) Federal Law Update-04 Foreign Concepts in U.S, ‘Taxation, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2186) Federal Law Update-04 Recess Appointments & National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning, by Vivian 8, Chu and Jon O. Shimabukuro. (WPE2302) Federal Law Update-05 Executive Non-Enforcement, ‘Administration Delays, & the Take Care Clause, by Jared P. Cole, Daniel T. Shedd, Alissa M, Dolan and Todd Garvey. (WPE2303) Federal Law Update-05 Net Neutrality: How Did We Get Here And Where Can We Go Now?, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2187) Federal Law Update-06 Executive Non-Enforcement, “Administration Delays, & the Take Care Clause cont.) by Todd Garvey, Daniel T. Shedd, Jared P. Cole and Alissa M. Dolan, (WPE2304) Federal Law Update-06 Internet Technologies and Copyright Law, by Mary Goldstein. (WPE2188) Federal Law Update-07 Recent Developments in the ‘Regulation of Speech: Selected First ‘Amendment Issues, by Kathleen Ann Ruane. (WPE2305) “Te following aconyms are used: AST = appropriations product, IF in focus, IN insight, R=repot, RL = report, WPE = seminar, WRE™ recorded event, WSLG = legal Sdeba, and WV = video brit.Federal Law Update-07 State and Local Measures Assisting Unauthorized Aliens: Legal Issues, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2189) Federal Law Update-08 Reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: A Legal Overview of Procedural and Substantive FISA Reforms, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2190) Federal Law Update-08 2014 Midterm Elections: Legal Update, by Jack Maskell and L. Paige Whitaker. (WPE2298) Federal Law Update-09 Export and Import of Fossil Fuels: Federal Oversight and Legal Issues, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2191) Federal Law Update-09 Regulation of Data Security & Safeguarding of Customer Information Under GLBA and Section 5 of the FTC Act, by M. Maureen Murphy and Gina Stevens, (WPE2306) Federal Law Update-10 EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Other Climate Change Issues, by Marv Goldstein (WPE2192) Federal Law Update-10 Protection of Trade Secrets: Current Law & Pending Legislation, by Charles Doyle and Brian T. Yeh. (WPE2307) Federal Law Update-11 Fraud, Negligence, and Federal Contractors: Recent Legal Developments, by Marv Goldstein. (WPE2193) Federal Law Update-11 Legal Developments Concerning U.S. Military Operations, Wartime Detention, and Prosecution of War Crimes, by Jennifer K. Elsea and Micheel John Garcia, (WPE2308) Federal Law Update-12 Government Ethies, by Marv Goldstein, (WPE2194) Federal Law Update-12 Regulation of Attorney Selected Issues Under the Rules of al Conduct, by Cynthia Brougher. (WPE2309) Federal Pollution-Control Statutes in the Courts: Three Noteworthy Cases in 2014, by Robert Meltz. (WSLG791) ‘The Federal Prison Industries: An Analysis of Sales, FY1993-FY2013, by Nathan James. 18 p. (843633) Federal Reserve and OCC Dismiss Enforcement ‘Actions DC Circuit Criticized, by M. Maureen ‘Murphy. (WSLG955) 89 Federal Review of the Proposed Comeast/Time ‘Wamer Cable Merger, by Kathleen Ann Ruane (WSLG844) Federal Securities Laws and Recent Data Breaches, by Michael V. Seitzinger. (WSLG831) ‘The Federal Trade Commission’s Regulation of Data Breaches as Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices, by Gina Stevens. (WSLG938) Feds May Use State Courts to Avoid Federal Court ‘Computer Search Warrant Standards, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG697) Ferguson, Mo.: Federal Investigation of Possible il Rights Violations, There and Elsewhere, by Charles Doyle. (WSLG1028) Filibuster Reform by Way of the Courts? Probably Not, by Alissa M. Dolan. (WSLG900) Final Volker Rule—In Time for the Holidays and 18 Months for Compliance, by David H. ‘Carpenter and M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG747) Financial Regulators Issue Volcker Companion Rule Providing Exemption for Certain Trust Proferred Securities Investments and Sponsorships, by David H. Carpenter. (WSLG785) FINCEN Guidance for Banks Serving Marjuana- Related Businesses, by M. Maureen Murphy. (WSLG828) First Amendment Issues in Ferguson, Missouri, by Kathleen Ann Ruane. (WSLG1039) Florida Court Finds Two Congressional Districts Violate State Constitutional Prohibition on Political Gerrymandering, by L. Paige Whitaker. (WSLG1O13) FLU Preview: Abortion and Reproductive Health, by Jon O, Shimabukuro. (WSLG856) FLU Preview: EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Other Climate Change Issues, by Robert Meltz, (WSLG869) FLU Preview: Executive Non-Enforcement, ‘Administrative Delays, and the Take Care Clause, by Daniel T. Shedd, Todd Garvey, Alissa M, Dolan and Jared P. Cole. (WSLG1050) FLU Preview: Export and Import of Fossil Fuels « (Oversight and Legal Issues, by Adam Vann. (WSLG868) “The following acronyms ace used AST = appropriations produc, IF ~ in focus, IN = insight, R= report, RL = report, WPE =seminar, WRE = secorded event, WSL = legal sdobar, and WVB™ video brie