Annual Report of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress for Fiscal Year 2012 to the Joint Committee on the Library United States Congress Pursuant to Section 324 Public Law 91-510 Mary B. Mazanec Director March 2013CONTENTS I. CRS SERVICE TO CONGRESS .. Indicators of CRS Performance and Productivity Challenges in FY2012 .. Outline of This Report ...... I FY2012 HIGHLIGHTS IN LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT... Major Issues of the Year .. Other Research: Foreign Relations, Defense, and Trade Domestic Social Policy Government and the Economy Resources, Industry, and the Environment Law and Justice conse Ill, MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES Change in CRS Leadership .... Strategic Planning .... Human Resources and Work Environment .... Outreach nnn Information Systems Coordination Product Line Improvements Web Enhancements... New Facility: The CRS Senate Center Improvements in Tools for CRS Staff... APPENDIXES FY2012 Budget, Resources, and Other Funding .. Workforce Management and Staff Development .. Types of CRS Support to Congress: Research Services and Products| CRS Organizational Structure CRS Organizational Chart Listing of All Senior Level Positions by Title, Grade Level, and Incumbent at the Beginning and End of FY2012..... =ROOR> G. Listing of All Specialist and Senior Specialist Personnel Actions in FY2012 ...... 46 H. Listing of All Senior Level Position Changes in FY2012 47 New CRS Products in FY2012 .. 481 I. CRS SERVICE TO CONGRESS, ‘The mandate that Congress gave to the Congressional Research Service (CRS) is to provide Congress, throughout the legislative process, comprehensive and reliable legislative research, analysis, and information services that are timely, objective, nonpartisan, authoritative, and confidential, thereby contributing to an informed national legislature, CRS analysts work in a collaborative, multidisciplinary environment to prepare detailed explanations of complex policy issues, identify and assess policy approaches, develop and analyze legislative options, conduct legal analysis of pending legislation and administrative actions, provide in-person consultations on public policy issues, and assist with legislative procedures as well as processes relating to the federal budget and appropriations. Analysts also deliver expert testimony before congressional committees, support hearings and investigations, identify prospective witnesses, prepare products on current legislative issues, and respond to specific requests with confidential memoranda. Information professionals provide compre- hensive background material on topics of legislative interest and identify and offer authoritative souree materials and factual information, including government documents, media articles, and scientific and technical reports, using both print and online resources. CRS continually works to provide and maintain the quality of the services and products it provides to Congress. Early in FY2012 the CRS Director met with both Congress and CRS staff to discuss and clarify a number of goals for the Service. She subsequently met these goals and priorities during the course of the year, specifically © Eliciting feedback and suggestions from Members, committees, and senior congressional staff on how well CRS is serving Congress and what the Service can do better. © Engaging CRS staff at all levels to discuss ideas for improving service to Congress. * Developing shorter and more succinct reports for Congress, with better focused summaries. Ensuring a user-friendly process for placing requests and registering for events on the CRS Web site. © Identifying measures that will increase efficiency in this period of budget constraints while maintaining high levels of expertise, authoritativeness, and timeliness. INDICATORS OF CRS PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY In FY2012 Members and committees interacted with CRS nearly 700,000 times. This number includes more than 71,000 requests for analysis, information, and research; more than 9,000 congressional participants in seminars, institutes, and training sessions, and nearly 618,000 client visits to the CRS Web site home page that resulted in a total of more than | million co of CRS products viewed on the CRS Web site. Client views include approximately 4,400 views of Legal Sidebars, a new Web product containing brief legal analyses of current topics. By year’s end, approximately 2,700 products were updated and about 530 new products prepared. Through the Legislative Information System (LIS) more than 8,000 bill versions were summarized. CRS2 served 100 percent of Member offices and 96 percent of committees. The following table provides more details of CRS performance. CRS Products and Services for Congress, FY2012 Total Completed Requests and Services Provided 698,179 information, and research requests! 71,204 Confidential and custom writings prepared 3.240 In-person briefings, consultations, and testimony completed (umber of participations by CRS staff) 4,337 Responses primarily by telephone 33,936 Responses primarily by email 26,305 Other (background and other materials) 3.386 ‘Seminar, institute, and training participants 9,335 Client views on the CRS home page? 617,640 Congressional Distribution Products and Services ‘New CRS Reports prepared? 534 ‘New Legal Sidebar products prepared * 216 CRS Report updates 2,702 Titles available at year end 8,154 Copies viewed * 1,112,233 ‘Seminars, institutes, training (number of events) 364 Legislative Information System (LIS) Activity ‘Number of bill versions summarized 8,045 Congressional Offices Served by CRS (Percentage of Total) ‘Members 100% Committees ® 96% "analysis, information, and research responses are custom responses created for specific clients upon their request. Clients access products and services via the CRS Web site home page, although they may enter the site through ‘other pages. * Only includes formal written reports. “egal Sidebar is new typeof online produc that CRS began preparing in June 2012, * Reports are considered viewed when opened by a client on the CRS Web site. New software for counting views deployed in FY2012 reports slightly different totals than the former system, Includes 4424 Sidebar clint views, Most Member offices and standing committes receive personal service each year, this year and last, the Joint Committee on the Library andthe Joint Committee on Printing did not request any custom work Source: Mercury Request Management system, WebTrends, CRS MIS, the CRS Report Distribution Counts application, and other CRS data,CHALLENGES IN FY2012 Congress faced numerous unique and difficult challenges in FY2012. As the year progressed, the pace of legislative consideration increased. Lawmakers addressed complex issues including the economy; the debt and the deficit; financial regulation and rulemaking; health care reform; immigration; preparation for reauthorization of the farm bill; and devastating natural disasters at home and abroad; as well as changing events in Egypt, Libya, and Syria; U.S. strategy in ‘Afghanistan and Iraq; violence and political change in Mexico, and global economic and trade concems including the rebalancing of foreign policy priorities toward Asia. In all these instances CRS experts worked with Members and congressional staff to inform the legislative debate. OUTLINE OF THIS REPORT The remainder of this report provides highlights of CRS research and analysis on key policy issues before Congress and management initiatives during FY2012. Included as appendices are budget components, descriptions of human resources and staff development, types of support provided, CRS organizational structure, and a list of CRS produets prepared during the fiscal year,4 II. FY2012 HIGHLIGHTS IN LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT CRS provided legislative support in FY2012 for the following CRS policy issues. MAJOR ISSUES OF THE YEAR The Budget, Debt, and Deficit, At the beginning of the yeat CRS supported the continuing congressional debate over the FY2012 federal budget. Analytical support during the debate included broad analyses of budget trends and the impact of recent legislation in addition to specific analyses of the effect of freezing discretionary spending, the role of tax expenditures in budgeting, and options to examine the budget from a longer-term perspective. As the year progressed, Congress called on CRS expertise to achieve long-term fiscal consolidation while simultaneously encouraging economic recovery through such approaches as long-term sustainability of the debt and deficit, approaches to address the budget deficit, and the ability to stimulate economic expansion through reductions in the size and scope of government. Financial Regulation and Rulemaking. CRS analysts and attomeys provided written analysis of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (P-L. 111-203) and the many implementing rulemakings that were proposed and prescribed throughout the year and assisted Congress in its oversight of agencies responsible for rulemaking in financial matters. ‘Assistance included analyses of proposals that would change the rulemaking process and tracking regulations, as well as explanation and evaluation of the executive orders and statutory requirements that govern the current rulemaking process. CRS in-person briefings assisted in preparing Congress for hearings on implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act, including establishment of the new Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, and on other financial regulatory bills that were eventually combined into the Jumpstart Our Businesses Startup (JOBS) ‘Act (P.L. 112-106). CRS experts also assisted in preparing committees for hearings and assisted Congress with oversight of the regulation of financial markets during the LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) rate-fixing scandal and JP Morgan's multi-billion-dollar trading losses. Health Reform. The 112th Congress continued to examine and debate issues related to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended). Experts throughout the Service — analysts, attorneys, and information professionals — provided overviews of the law and analyses of legislative proposals that would modify or repeal the ACA. ‘Assistance included analysis of specific provisions such as those pertaining to private insurance, public programs (Medicare and Medicaid) and health care delivery, and information on implementation of the new law, including the development of regulations, new programs and grants, and financing. In June the Supreme Court issued its decision in National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius, which addressed questions about the constitutionality of the ACA. CRS attorneys advised Congress on the implications of the landmark decision. Both before and afier the decision, CRS attorneys provided Congress with constitutional analysis to reflect legal developments, including the requirement that health plans and health insurers provide coverage for contraceptive services and the legality of federally facilitated health insurance exchanges offering premium tax credits.5 The Farm Bill. As the House and Senate considered separate omnibus. multiyear bills to replace the expiring 2008 farm bill, CRS provided in-depth analyses on the various legislative proposals including farm commodity support, conservation, trade, rural development, nutrition, credit, energy, livestock, and horticulture and organic agriculture, CRS explained the intricacies of current farm and food policy and helped identify and analyze policy issues and options for revamping the federal farm safety net as well as examining various new proposals for nontraditional support. In addition to providing seminars on all the farm bill titles, agriculture analysts assisted with markup and briefed Members and congressional staff throughout the deliberations. The Keystone XL Pipeline. Congressional action in 2011 forced the Obama Administration to make a determination on a permit application by TransCanada to build the Keystone XL pipeline. In January 2012 the State Department denied the permit citing insufficient time to assess the reconfigured project. In May TransCanada reapplied for a permit with a modified route past environmentally sensitive areas in Nebraska. CRS supported Congress with analysis of several bills in the House that addressed the Keystone XL pipeline and the State Department's authority to approve or deny such permits. Hydraulic Fracturing, Congress called on CRS analysts in energy and environmental policy to help understand the technologies involved in removing shale gas and shale oil as part of continued efforts to expand the U.S. resources base — technologies that depend on advanced horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Congressional concerns over groundwater and surface Water contamination, water demand, and fugitive gas emissions associated with these technologies, as well as the inconsistent regulatory patchwork then in place, led to the introduction of several bills to increase the regulatory oversight of the Environmental Protection ‘Agency. Others in Congress expressed concem about potential overregulation at the federal level. Throughout the deliberations CRS analysts collaborated to ensure that the environmental, technical, and economic issues were addressed effectively in response to congressional requests for assistance. Drought, By August 2012 drought extended across more than two-thirds of the United States and adversely affected agricultural producers and others. More than 1,400 counties in 33 states were designated as disaster counties by the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, Several bills were introduced in the 112th Congress that would provide drought assistance or otherwise address drought conditions. As Congress considered extension of expired disaster assistance programs and FY2012 livestock and disaster assistance, CRS responded to congressional requests pertaining to whether and to what extent other federal agencies have and are using authorities to assist with managing drought, CRS also assisted by analyzing proposals to manage drought effects and provided explanations of how the two major federal water management agencies, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation, plan for and respond to severe drought and account for its impacts. Immigration, The 112th Congress showed renewed interest in creating additional immigration pathways for foreign professional workers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, and numerous STEM visa provisions have been introduced. Some of the issues the Service examined included the repercussions of introducing a merit-based immigrant designation and the immigration status of unauthorized students whose parents brought them to the United States as children. CRS immigration specialists supported Congress6 throughout the drafting of various legislative proposals. Assistance included discussion of potential policy consequences and the potential effects of the various proposals. Surface and Air Transportation. Congress enacted two major pieces of legislation during the fiscal year, the Federal Aviation Administration Modemization and Reform Act (P.L. 112- 95) reauthorizing the FAA, and the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP- 21, PLL. 112-141) reauthorizing federal highway and public transportation programs. In both cases previous authorizing legislation had expired years earlier, and Congress had put in place a series of extensions before agreeing on a new program. CRS analysts fielded hundreds of requests related to both bills. Assistance included helping Members draft amendments and explaining the potential ramifications for individual districts as well as the national transportation system. As finally enacted, MAP-21 expires at the end of FY2014, and CRS analysts are currently working with Members to develop proposals for the law that will replace it. Housing Finance. The continued weak housing market prompted some in Congress to press for more action on reforming housing finance. During FY2012 the major Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs), Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, continued to operate under conservatorship and guaranteed refinanced mortgages with support from the U.S. Department of the Treasury. CRS economists assisted Congress in preparation for hearings on mortgage market issues, and the Service prepared and maintained a portfolio of reports analyzing options regarding the future disposition of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as well as other elements of mortgage markets that have been the subject of legislative interest, such as covered bonds, the conforming loan limit, and commercial real estate lending. CRS experts addressed alleged improprieties in the underwriting, securitization, and foreclosure processes of a large volume of mortgages that had gone into default. CRS attomeys provided legal expertise on issues surrounding mortgage foreclosures, enforcement actions and investigations into illegal foreclosure practices, and the constitutionality of foreclosure measures. FDA User Fee Reauthorization. The Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation ‘Act (P.L. 112-144) reauthorized the preseription drug and medical device user fee programs as ‘well as appropriations authorities for many other FDA programs for five years. The authority to collect prescription drug and medical device user fees as well as appropriations authorities for a number of FDA programs were set to expire on September 30, 2012. The Act reauthorized new user fee programs for generic drugs and similar biological products and amended FDA authority to regulate medical products. During the reauthorization process CRS experts advised Congress on numerous issues including drug imports, the security of the drug supply chain, alternative processes for drug device review, the potential consequences of proposed policy changes, and the safety of drugs used for treating children. Administrative Law. Congress consulted with CRS attomeys on the constitutionality of President Obama's recess appointments to the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection and the National Labor Relations Board. Service experts also analyzed the scope of agency authority as delegated by Congress and the authority of various agencies to implement provisions of the Affordable Care Act. CRS attorneys provided expertise on the President's authority to review independent regulatory agency rulemakings and collaborated with analysts to assist Congress when it was considering streamlining the advice-and-consent nominations process, which led to the enactment of the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act (P-L. 112-166). CRS also prepared legal analyses on government transparency, payments of attorneys’ fees and7 the Equal Access to Justice Act (28 U.S.C. Sec. 2412), the uses of the Judgment Fund, advisory commission structures and duties under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C Appendix; 86 Stat. 770, as amended), the Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-277), and presidential executive orders on cybersecurity and emergency preparedness. Congressional Oversight and Investigations. Throughout the investigation of Operation Fast and Furious, CRS attomeys briefed Congress on congressional oversight authority, the contempt process, and the role of executive privilege in past contempt disputes. They advised congressional staff on committee authority, the process for issuing subpoenas, and likely executive branch responses 10 committee subpoenas. Other analytical work included a comprehensive report on recess appointments, which included analyses of the meaning of the term “recess,” the history of recess appointments, the ability of Members to challenge the appointments, and separation-of-powers concerns raised by the President's appointments. Attomeys also provided legal advice on the application of the Congressional Review Act (CRS, 5 U.S.C. Sees. 801-808) to executive branch initiatives. Ethics, Allegations that Members of Congress and congressional staff were involved in “insider trading” by using non-public information gained in their official duties resulted in requests for CRS legal assistance on the state of the law on ethics and insider trading. CRS testified in a hearing on the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act (STOCK Act). After the Act became law (P.L. 112-105), CRS briefed the committee charged with implementing the law. Transition in the Middle East. As Congress sought to respond to changes in the Arab world, particularly in countries ranging from Tunisia to Libya to Egypt, CRS offered in-depth assessments of ongoing developments and their implications. Included in this work were assessments of disenfranchised populations gaining a voice in govemance and foreign policy, new governments assuming control of security and intelligence agencies that had a history of cooperation with their U.S. counterparts, and the uncertain progress of these nations on their road from autocracy to democracy. Besides offering country-specific and regional analyses, CRS examined U.S. policies toward and aid for these transitioning states. These efforts also included work on diplomatic security issues in the region following the tragic September 2012 events in Benghazi, Libya. Congress called on the Service as it reviewed the dilemmas related to the conflict in Syria, such as whether and how the United States should support the opposition or intervene in other ways, and the rapidly changing situation requiring objective assessments of various policy and legislative approaches. CRS also examined proposals to expand economic sanetions on Iran, Rebalancing Foreign Policy Priorities Toward Asia. When the Obama Administration outlined a broad strategic “rebalancing” of U.S. priorities toward Asia in 2011 and 2012, Congress drew on CRS expertise to consider implications of the strategic shift for foreign policy, defense strategy, trade dynamics, and military and foreign operations budgets. CRS analysts examined how the rebalancing affected dynamics among the United States, a rising China, U.S. regional allies, and other nations; whether the United States could devote sufficient resources to maintain its commitments; and whether a balance existed among the strategy's military, diplomatic, political, and economic components. China's emergence as an influential player on the global stage was of particular concern. CRS responded with detailed examinations of the new generation of Chinese leaders who have recently come to power, China’s economic institutions8 and military capabilities, and its increasingly assertive global activity in the East and South China Seas as well as the responses of key regional states to such activity Global Economic and Trade Challenges. CRS experts on intemational trade and finance responded to a number of congressional concerns; foremost among them were the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement negotiations among the United States and ten other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Assistance to Congress on the euro crisis included analysis of its implications for the U.S. economy, the role of the United States and the International Monetary Fund in stemming the crisis, and comparison of financial developments in Europe with those in the United States. As Congress conducted oversight of the content and process of the TPP negotiations, CRS supported Congress throughout the year with in-depth written analyses of both overall negotiations as well as specific issues under negotiation. Other international trade and finance issues for which Congress drew on CRS expertise were export promotion, export controls, U.S. relations with major trading partners, intellectual property rights, post-2008 financial crisis developments, trade-related labor issues, U.S. trade preference programs, trade and jobs, and trade remedies. Emerging Threats and New Strategies. As Congress sought to explore new challenges and effective responses to emerging global threats, the Service responded with informative analysis such as an assessment of the Defense Department's new strategic guidance intended to reshape the Department's priorities, activities, and budgets in terms of future challenges, geographic priorities, and missions (¢.g., from stabilization operations to projecting power). Other CRS work included analyses of proliferation challenges and international cybersecurity. CRS also responded to requests pertaining to new and evolving challenges in congressional oversight and funding, such as the future of military operations in Afghanistan and the concept of partnership in military strategy and operations. Two assessments by the Service on the Army's drawdown and on the history and analysis of the concept of “hollow forces” gave Congress a basis on which to consider the specific impact of budget reductions on overall U.S. military strategy. Violence and Political Change in Mexico. Ongoing violence related to drug trafficking in Mexico continued to be a focus of congressional attention. Congress called on CRS to examine the causes of the escalating violence and to assess whether the situation was evolving into an armed insurgency or terrorist-related activity. Requests for research pertained to U.S. drug policy and antitrafficking programs; the flow of guns, drugs, and money across the U.S.-Mexico border; and possible spillover of border violence into the United States. The Mexican national elections in 2012 were another source of congressional concern, with CRS experts providing information on the elections, the candidates, and the policies they were proposing, The Service also supported congressional hearings on and congressional delegations to Mexico. OTHER RESEARCH: FOREIGN RELATIONS, DEFENSE, AND TRADE, Oversight of U.S. Assistance to Afghanistan and Pakistan. CRS provided assistance to Congress in its oversight responsibilities regarding both Afghanistan and Pakistan. Analysts supported numerous congressional hearings with expert testimony as Congress reviewed U.S. assistance to Afghanistan, particularly regarding the impact of U.S. aid on the effectiveness of the Afghanistan National Security Forces. CRS also analyzed spending issues associated with9 USS. defense policy and military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, including an examination of spending priorities by war mission, and assessments of specific Department of Deferise funding requests for certain weapons systems. Congressional concerns about Pakistan’s reliability as a strategic partner prompted debate over whether U.S. assistance to Islamabad should continue. CRS experts analyzed proposals to increase legislative conditions placed on U.S. aid to Pakistan, especially the large proportion of military aid provided to Pakistan’s security forces. Confronting Terrorist Threats in Africa. Members of Congress have raised concerns about the threat posed by emerging terrorist groups in Africa and the Middle East, and some have pressed the Administration to focus greater intelligence and security resources on those groups. CRS provided expert testimony on the militant Islamist group in Nigeria, Boko Haram, and its potential threat to the U.S. homeland or Western interests in the region. Experts at the Service addressed implications of applying various terrorist designations to the group and responded to concerns about rising religious conflict in the country. The Service also followed closely developments in Mali that were the initial events in what became the ongoing crisis in that country, with important implications for U.S. efforts to combat global terrorism. Sudan and South Sudan, Disputes continue to erode the fragile peace between Sudan and South Sudan, and ongoing insecurity threatens the substantial investment the United States has made to address post-war recovery and development there. While the United States maintains an array of sanctions against Sudan, South Sudan ranks among the largest U.S. aid recipients in Sub-Saharan Africa. CRS analysts provided ongoing support to Congress as it addressed these issues, including assistance to Congress in monitoring ongoing reports of serious human rights and other abuses in parts of Sudan. These analysts also supported congressional oversight of U. foreign aid to the two countries and assisted in identifying policy options to address ongoing human suffering and facilitate a peaceful future for the two Sudans. Russia. Challenges of democratization and political succession in Russia, Russia’s international posture, and its accession to the World Trade Organization were issues of concer to Congress in FY2012. CRS examined possible implications of Russia’s legislative elections in late 2011 and in March 2012 and provided expertise as Congress considered lifting the Soviet- era conditions placed on trade with Russia and authorizing permanent normal trade relations status for Russia. CRS responded to congressional concems about Russia's position regarding the growing violence in Syria and Iran's nuclear program, as well as about Moscow's continued occupaney of territory in Georgia and its opposition to U.S. and NATO missile defense plans in Europe. Experts in the Service supported Congress as it weighed these concerns against the U.S. need for Russia’s support for the transit of U.S. and NATO supplies to and from Afghanistan and other cooperative aspects of U.S.-Russia relations, such as their necessary collaboration on issues before the U.N. Security Council. Burma, Throughout the year CRS helped Congress understand the complex political changes taking place in Burma, where a repressive military regime gave way to a civilian government that has begun to enact unprecedented political reforms. CRS analysts tracked rapidly moving political developments and their implications for the range of economic sanctions Congress had imposed on Burma in previous decades. Analysts continued this support as Congress presented the Congressional Medal of Honor to opposition leader and Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, considered the Obama Administration’s proposal to lift sanctions, confirmed an ambassador to10 the country, and enacted legislation to reverse U.S. opposition to international financial organizations’ projects in Burma. Latin America and the Caribbean. CRS support to Congress included analysis pertaining to USS. assistance under the Mérida Initiative, efforts to help Central American and Caribbean countries contend with drug trafficking and violent crime, and oversight of labor conditions in Colombia. Hearings support ranged from examinations of human rights in Cuba and Mexico, the status of democracy in Nicaragua, and U.S, foreign aid priorities in Latin America to analysis of security challenges, U.S. business opportunities in the region, and Cuba's offshore oil development. Other assistance included investigation of the growing influence and activity of Iran in Latin America and support in anticipation of events such as the Summit of the Americas in April and Venezuela’s presidential elections in October. Seminars provided to Congress included topics such as food security, energy issues, and U.S. initiatives to spur partnerships between private and public sectors in the region. The International Affairs Budget. Funding levels for the relatively small international affairs account, mainly comprised of state-foreign operations appropriations, became a targeted focus for potential cuts in discretionary spending. CRS experts assisted with many controversial policy aspects of the international affairs budget, including the designation of separate, war- related funding to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Irag, and a proposed new fund to support democratic change in the Middle East and North Aftica, Palestinian Statehood and the United Nations. Palestinian efforts to gain entry into the United Nations and U.N. bodies, in furtherance of Palestinian statehood goals, prompted congressional interest in both Palestinian recognition processes and U.S. policy toward the U.N. system. Congress frequently called on CRS to provide detailed analyses on the background, status, and processes involved in these issues, including long-standing funding restrictions and new proposals to amend existing laws. CRS assisted with drafting a resolution on funding and provided testimony at a hearing on a related issue of corruption within the Palestinian Authority and various policy options for confronting it. U.N, Convention and the Law of the Sea. During the past year, motivated by backing from the Obama Administration, current and former military and national security leaders, and representatives of the business community, Congress again tumed its attention to issues relating to the UN. Convention on the Law of the Sea (Treaty Document 103-39), including the first hearings on the treaty since 2007, Lawmakers expressed a wide range of opinions about the treaty, with questions for CRS related to such issues as implications for sovereignty, current and future economic impacts, potential security challenges, and environmental concerns. CRS analysts and attorneys responded to other concerns about the treaty’s history and provisions, the treaty ratification process in the Senate, and the range of views and arguments about specific aspects of the treaty. Arms Control and Nonproliferation. Congress called on CRS to analyze a broad range of nuclear arms control and proliferation issues. Analysts contributed to congressional consideration of the impact of budget cuts to the U.S. nuclear stockpile, the Department of Energy’s management of projects for new weapons production facilities, and the nuclear capabilities of Iran and North Korea. As the issue transitioned away from concentrating on the former Soviet Union to expand to a worldwide focus, CRS experts offered an extensivei assessment of issues surrounding nonstrategic nuclear weapons, while focusing on significant new work related to U.S. threat reduction programs. In the non-nuclear arena Congress also looked to CRS for analysis of issues related to chemical weapons in Syria. Conventional Arms Trade. As Congress considered the implications of both U.S. arms sales to foreign countries and worldwide arms transfers, CRS experts offered detailed examinations of trends and pattems in global arms sales as they have emerged over the last decade and helped frame congressional debates on a number of important, major arms sales, particularly the sale of F-15 aircraft to Saudi Arabia, When the Obama Administration pursued negotiations of an arms trade treaty at the United Nations in July 2012, analysts responded by compiling a history of the negotiations, an analysis of the critical issues in play that became the primary focal points during the talks, and an evaluation of potential implications of alternative outcomes and policy options. Military Procurement and Defense Acquisition Reform. in the growing congressional debate about the FY2013 defense authorization and defense appropriation legislation, CRS was called upon to provide expert analysis on a number of critical issues, including the increasing role of unmanned aerial systems and the impact on overall U.S. military capabilities of the decline in the size of the force planned to follow the U.S. departure from Afghanistan. CRS addressed increasing development costs associated with weapons programs, force structure reductions to weapons procurement programs, and the reliability and safety of U.S. weapons systems. CRS also responded to concerns about Department of Defense (DOD) weapons systems cost overruns and efficiencies associated with DOD acquisition practices. Reform of Defense Contracting Services. CRS analysts provided analytical support to lawmakers on contracting for services for defense purposes, especially for DOD operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The analysis pointed to the need for DOD to reform its oversight policies governing contractors and provided insight into training options for the active military to better ‘manage its operational contract support. Military Manpower Issues. Congressional interest in military manpower issues led to numerous requests for CRS to help determine the size of the active Army and Marine Corps, assist with the transitioning of separated service members to civilian life, and analyze an increase in the use of the reserve component for operational missions, including those associated with natural disaster or terrorist crisis scenarios. CRS experts also supported Congress by frequently providing detailed information on defense health issues including assessing the adequacy of specialized benefits for combat injuries such as traumatic brain injuries. Implementing the Realignment of U.S. Military Installations. Congress continued to follow closely how past DOD decisions to realign military installations (Base Realignment and Closure, BRAC) impact their constituencies and the U.S. defense posture. The Service continued to analyze the many defense, environmental, land use, legal, budgetary, and economic implications cof DOD's ongoing implementation. CRS response included analyses of BRAC funding issues and briefings on the progress, issues, and problems associated with implementing the action plans for specific installations12 DOMESTIC SOCIAL POLICY Health Spending. The rapid growth in health care costs is central to long-term budget issues. Costs for Medicare, Medicaid, and other health programs, including Department of Veterans ‘Affairs and Department of Defense health programs, have seen persistent increases over time. CRS assisted Congress in understanding the expected Medicare savings in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the impact of the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25) on Medicare benefit and administrative spending, as well as other federal spending on grant programs and activities within the Public Health Service agencies. As Congress addressed the challenge of containing growth in these programs, CRS analysts, attorneys, and information professionals described the payment system for programs such as Medicare and Medicaid as well as the spending and financing of these programs. Long-Term Services and Supports. Spending on long-term services and supports is expected to increase as the population ages and health care advances enable those with disabilities to live longer. To assist Congress in its consideration of this spending, CRS provided analytic support on Medicaid eligibility, coverage rules and options, and the effect of the ACA expansion on persons with disabilities. CRS addressed payment for limited Medicare-covered benefits, private Jong-term care insurance, the Community Living Assistance and Support Services Program, and proposed rulemaking to extend federal minimum wage and overtime protections to certain home care workers who are currently exempt. CRS also advised lawmakers on relevant provisions of the Older Americans Act Amendments of 2006 (P-L. 109-365), which include program eligibility requirements, home- and community-based services, and preventive services, and provided consultation on appropriations and funding for these and other provisions of the Act. Health Care Delivery. The federal government participates in all aspects of the delivery of health care. It is a direct cate provider, a developer of the health care infrastructure, and a financer of care. To support congressional oversight of these roles CRS provided analysis and consultation on how to implement ACA service delivery reforms designed to improve coordination and quality of care, on federal support for the health care safety net and how the 'ACA might affect this support, and on how the ACA might modify care provided through the Department of Veterans Affairs or the Indian Health Care Service. Other work related to health care delivery included explanations of options to reform medical malpractice, analysis of funding levels and potential areas of overlap regarding health workforce programs, and exploration of how the interface among federally supported delivery systems might be used to increase access for underserved populations. Low-Income Housing Assistance. In 1998 Congress enacted major housing reform legislation intended to deregulate federal housing assistance programs by transferring authority for setting many policies to local public housing authorities (PHAs). As a result the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) Program has grown to become the federal government's largest needs-based housing assistance program. Limited information is available on how the more than 2,000 PHAs have addressed eligibility determination, waiting list implementation, and minimum rent policies. To help fill this information gap for Congress, CRS acquired and analyzed a representative sample of housing authorities’ data to better understand how PHAs use their discretion to operate their HCV programs. CRS found, for example, wide variation across PHAS in which types of families were given priority for limited assistance. Section 8 voucher13 assistance legislation has been considered in every Congress since the 108th, including the 112th. This information may help inform ongoing congressional efforts to reform federal housing assistance programs. Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). In support of the effort by Congress to amend and extend the ESEA (P.L. 89-10, initially enacted in 1965), CRS education experts provided ongoing technical and analytical assistance to congressional staff working on the development and refinement of proposals altering ESEA grant-making approaches, funding allocation procedures, and educational accountability provisions enacted under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB, P-L. 107-110). Congress called on the Service for analytical and legal support as Members considered educational waivers made available to states by the Secretary of Education. These waivers exempt states from educational accountability requirements enacted under the NCLB provided that those requirements are replaced by an alternative set of requirements consistent with criteria outlined by the Secretary of Education, Benefits for Veterans. With combat missions in Iraq and Afghanistan drawing to a close, issues concerning the newest generation of the Nation’s veterans and their families were a priority for Congress. CRS analyzed employment assistance programs offered by several federal agencies to assist veterans in the transition from the military to the civilian labor force, examined concems about inequities in current education assistance programs, and addressed the quality of the education and training received in such programs as the Gl Bill and post-9/11 bill programs. Analysts assisted with issues related to the health of veterans and timely access to high-quality health care, Congressional attention was also focused on behavioral health, including suicide among veterans. CRS provided scientific evidence about effective suicide prevention strategies and analyzed the challenges the Veterans Health Administration faces in preventing suicides. ‘The Service assisted with other issues such as Agent Orange benefits for Viemam-era veterans, expansion of reproductive health and fertility services for severely wounded combat veterans, and expansion of access to care for veterans residing in underserved areas. Unemployment Compensation, An unusually high proportion of long-term unemployed individuals and a general trend of decreasing but still high unemployment rates focused congressional attention on unemployment benefits. To address these coneems Congress reauthorized the temporary Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC08) Program, but also significantly altered the program’s structure by reducing the duration of EUCO8 benefits and increasing the required state unemployment thresholds for the benefits to be available to individuals, Congress also considered proposals to provide alternative forms of support to those eligible for unemployment benefits and to assist these individuals in becoming reemployed. CRS provided comparative analyses of legislation to extend and change the EUC08 Program (eventually enacted as the Middle-Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, P.L. 112-96) and consulted with lawmakers on development of policy proposals to address reemployment of unemployment benefit recipients through options such as self-employment or state demonstration projects. Employment and Training. Persistently high unemployment rates also led Congress to focus on programs and policies to help unemployed workers secure work. As part of this effort, Congress began considering reauthorization of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA, P.L. 105- 220) and called on CRS to brief congressional staff on performance outcomes, program operations and design, and the relationships among various federal education and training4 programs. CRS explored why, under existing allocation procedures, states with the highest unemployment rates have been receiving declining shares of dislocated worker funds under the WIA. CRS also simulated the effects of possible changes to the WIA funding allocation formulas that have the potential of modifying that trend. Social Security, Congress maintains a strong interest in the Social Security program and its long-range financial outlook. In recent years proposed program changes have included several deficit reduction plans, such as proposals put forth by the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform (Simpson-Bowles Commission) that would use a different measure of consumer price change to compute the annual cost-of-living adjustment for Social Security beneficiaries. In support of the work of Congress CRS reported on policy considerations associated with this type of program change and reviewed proposals for reform including revenue and benefit changes. The Service also responded to a large volume of congressional inquiries as debate intensified near the end of the year over an extension of the temporary Social Security payroll tax reduction for workers. Pensions and Retirement Income. Congress considered a number of federal retirement reform proposals throughout the year. These deliberations focused on options to reduce federal pension costs as part of a larger discussion of deficit reduction policy. Among the proposed changes were modifications to the Federal Employees’ Retirement System (FERS), including increased employee contributions for individuals hired after December 31, 2012. CRS supported these deliberations by analyzing these legislative proposals, comparing the proposals to current law, and examining alternative federal retirement policy options. The cost of pension funding continued to be burdensome for many private defined benefit pension plan sponsors and for state and local governments. CRS analyzed pension provisions in the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21, P.L. 112-141) that will lower contributions to private-sector defined benefit pension plans, increase the premiums that plan sponsors pay to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), and change the governance structure of PBGC. CRS analyzed draft legislation addressing concems of workers employed by ‘companies that have declared bankruptcy and whose pensions are or may be administered by PBGC. Other support inchided examining proposals addressing the structure of PBGC premiums, the role of tax-advantaged retirement accounts in ensuring retirement income adequacy, the costs and benefits of allowing easier access to retirement savings before retirement, and the funding levels and definition of state and local government pension plans. ‘Student Financial Aid, Amid increasing concerns about the affordability of college and mounting student loan debt, Congress sought to avert a scheduled increase in the fixed interest rate applicable to new Subsidized Stafford Loans made through the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program. MAP-21, mentioned above, extended the previously applicable fixed rate to Subsidized Stafford Loans being disbursed during the 2012-2013 award year. CRS analysts supported this effort by preparing estimates of the effects on borrowers of various student Joan interest rate scenarios under consideration, CRS also analyzed several interest-rate-setting formulas that might better align borrower rates with market conditions moving forward. Disability Benefits. Enrollment in the federal government's two largest civilian disability programs, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) continued to grow in 2012. The Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Program established by15 PLL. 106-170, together with an extension of the Social Security Administration's demonstration authority, were intended to assist individuals with disabilities return to the workforce. CRS Reports provided an overview of projects the Social Security Administration has implemented to test the impact of changes to the current SSDI and SSI program rules and included a legislative history of the Ticket to Work Program as well as a discussion of current challenges faced in implementing the program. As lawmakers held hearings on issues related to the financing and operation of the SSDI program, CRS conducted in-person briefings and prepared memoranda on a range of issues addressing the disability evaluation process, benefit overpayments, and expiring provisions of work incentive and protection and advocacy programs initiated under P.L. 106- 170, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance. Both the number of participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as food stamps) and federal outlays for the program increased significantly in FY2012. Much of these increases resulted from the automatic and legislated responses to the 2007-2009 recession and the slow economic growth thereafter. As Congress considered proposals to reduce SNAP costs in the context of both the farm bill and budget legislation, CRS analyzed a number of these cost-saving proposals such as restricting SNAP “categorical eligibility” and curtailing benefits for certain recipients of energy aid. CRS also provided information on both legislated and administrative waivers of the time limit on aid for able-bodied recipients without dependents, and prepared estimates of the number of such recipients over time. Synthetic Drugs. An increase in the number of calls to poison centers relating to harmful effects of synthetic cannabinoids and stimulants has shown that synthetic drug abuse has escalated in recent years, In FY2012 Congress enacted the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (P.L. 112-144) to ban these substances and other substances permanently. CRS analysts supported Congress throughout the legislative process associated with this Act and several related bills. They also provided information on the prevalence of synthetic drug abuse and on issues surrounding research of controlled substances. GOVERNMENT AND THE ECONOMY Jobs and Economie Recovery. CRS assisted Congress with oversight and exploration of options regarding both fiscal and monetary policy measures to support the economic recovery. ‘As Congress focused on generating faster economic growth and job creation, CRS experts provided analysis, information, and consultation to support the debate about the appropriate role of government spending to aid in the recovery as well as the concem about the effects on households, businesses, and the financial sector stemming from the growing federal debt. CRS continued to assist lawmakers with oversight as they considered the Troubled Asset Relief Program and response to shocks emanating from an ongoing sovereign debt and banking crisis in Europe, and as they deliberated the Jumpstart Our Businesses Startup (JOBS) Act (P.L. 112- 106). Taxation. As Congress began debate on extension of tax cuts (the Economie Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, EGTRRA, P.L. 107-6; and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, JGTRRA, P.L. 108-27) CRS analysts responded by analyzing the16 revenue, distributional, and macroeconomic effects of various legislative proposals to extend all ora portion of the provisions in these Acts and by providing historical context. Congress called on CRS to explore a variety of options to address the taxation of the energy sector and energy finance. CRS attomeys examined the constitutionality of state taxation of Internet sales, the abi cd aliens to claim refundable tax credits, expatriation to avoid U.S. tax, tax implications of the Affordable Care Act, and proposals to revoke passports of taxpayers with seriously delinquent tax debts. Budget Process. When Congress examined issues related to the budget process and the implementation of the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25) CRS analysts assisted by interpreting the sequestration mechanism and defining the relationship between control mechanisms in the Act and budgetary legislation. Analyses detailed the legislative history and components of the Act, the BCA’s macroeconomic and budgetary impact, and the role of selected program exemptions as well as special rules on spending. Both houses of Congress requested CRS briefings and seminars on the projected procedural, budgetary, and economic impacts of the Act. Federal Disaster Relief Funding. Destruction wrought by floods, tomados, hurricanes, and wildfires raised new challenges as Congress considered how to appropriate disaster relief funding in the context of the BCA. CRS offered consultation to lawmakers seeking to better understand the implications of the BCA provisions for providing disaster assistance, including unintended consequences, and suggested alternative proposals to address some of those consequences. Legislative Branch Appropriations. As Congress tured to annual consideration of legislative branch appropriations, CRS experts assisted with estimates of the cost of individual congressional activities, comparison of legislative branch and total discretionary budget authority, and information on staffing levels and policies. Other support included analysis of the structure and cost of vatious programs, history, and funding. CRS experts also examined how a potential sequestration could affect the legislative branch. Legislative Process. Analysts responded to queries from Members and staff by outlining and interpreting complex congressional rules and practices related to the use of expedited procedures under the Congressional Review Act of 1966 (P-L. 104-121) that governs congressional disapproval of regulations. Similar assistance was offered regarding Senate cloture and filibuster rules. Congressional Administration. CRS responded to queries regarding the administration and management of congressional offices by providing research on staffing levels, Member demographics, congressional printing, mass communications and mailings, commemorative works in the District of Columbia, congressional service tenure, and the opening and closing of congressional offices. Assistance also included briefings on the legislative branch budget, chamber officers, and casework; and consultative work on congressional ethics, congressional advisory commissions, training of congressional staff and interns, office security, travel policies and costs, and congressional nominations to service academies. Executive Branch Organization. The Service responded to inquiries conceming developing plans and proposed revisions to executive branch organization in a number of ways. This response included analysis of proposals by the Obama Administration to renew presidential17 reorganization authority, reorganize federal government functions and organizations related to trade and competitiveness, and reshape the federal bureaucracy. Also included were research on organizational changes related to health care reform and financial regulatory reform legislation enacted during the 111th Congress, examination of alternative approaches to interagency coordination of policymaking and implementation in such areas as national and homeland security, and analysis of proposals to create national commissions and temporary study panels to examine a variety of policy issues and developments. Federal Pay and Personnel. In a year dominated by discussions of the role of the federal government, budget constraints, and the prospect of sequestration to reduce spending for multiple years going forward, issues related to management and administration of the federal workforce were subjects of broad and sustained interest for Congress. In response to numerous inquiries, CRS reported on various federal pay schedules, pay adjustment processes, freezing pay rates, critical pay authority, and performance and other types of awards and incentives. Analyses addressed policies governing furloughs, reduction in force, and other practices to shape the size and composition of the civilian workforce; hiring flexibilities and removal procedures; the Senior Executive Service, telework, and approaches for recruiting and retaining an effective workforce that maximizes information technology Federal Grants Management, The federal fiscal situation led to renewed congressional interest in grants management, including pre- and post-award oversight, transparency, and the design and inherent mechanics of specific federal grants. Throughout the year CRS experts helped conceptualize strategies to improve the performance and oversight of federal grants and helped shape provisions in several bills introduced on these issues. U.S. Postal Service. Congress traditionally has had an interest in the operations of the U.S Postal Service (USPS), including number of days of delivery service, service provided, and facilities, The recent financial difficulties of the USPS and concurrent cost-cutting coupled with proposed service reductions have greatly heightened congressional interest in postal policy. CRS assisted Congress by addressing these issues as well as USPS employee pensions and health care. Another area of concern has been the large number of USPS employees who are beneficiaries of workers’ compensation in accordance with the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA, P.L. 64-267). Enacted in 1916 and not significantly amended since 1974, FECA remains the basis for the workers’ compensation system for the federal civil service. CRS worked closely with Congress as it made changes in FECA including reduction of overall benefits and a greater emphasis on returning beneficiaries to work. Government Information Policy. CRS offered assistance to lawmakers on numerous occasions regarding access to and protection of government information. Experts analyzed agency use of social media to communicate with the public, criminal prohibitions on the publication of classified information, and a proposal to apply the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, 5 U.S.C. Sec, 552) requirements to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Analysts fielded numerous requests seeking data on FOIA processing and policies, the creation and operation of the federal government’s more than 1,000 federal advisory committees, and implementation of nt Obama’s Open Government Initiative. They also provided Congress with policy options on the design of transparent advisory committees that provide opportunities for the public to participate in the policymaking process.18, Campaign Finance and Election Reform. Congress called on CRS analysts and attorneys as they considered legislative options to respond to the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United y. FEC, when it held hearings on the proposed DISCLOSE Act (Democracy is Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending in Elections), and when it considered congressional and presidential public financing legislation. The Service supported other congressional concems pertaining to voting and elections processes, including hearings on the effectiveness of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Empowerment Act (P.L. 99-410), legislation to eliminate the Election Assistance Commission created by the Help America Vote Act (P.L. 107-252), and discussion regarding the Federal Contested Elections Act (2 U.S.C. Secs. 381-396). Census Bureau, Apportionment, and Redistricting. CRS legal and policy experts addressed congressional concems related to the Census Bureau and the 2010 census. Among other inquiries, lawmakers were interested in publie perceptions of the American Community Survey, ‘an ongoing statistical survey conducted by the Census Bureau that samples a small percentage of the population annually to provide communities and state governments with the information they need to plan investments and services. Other issues of interest were the conduct and outcome of the 2010 census, the redistricting process, and Census Bureau operations and appropriations. Judicial Matters. With judicial vacancies at a relatively high level during the 112th Congress, CRS responded’ to numerous congressional concerns including the judicial appointment process, the appropriate timing to confirm judicial nominations, and judicial administration and appropriations levels. Analysts and information professionals continuously tracked judicial nominations in the CRS internal nominations database to ensure timely response to congressional queries about the status of current and past judicial nominations. RESOURCES, INDUSTRY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT Agriculture and Deficit Reduction. The farm bill debate included calls for deeper cuts in farm and food support spending as part of the impending legislative requirement for across-the- board budget sequestration. Congress drew on CRS expertise to look at agricultural programs most often targeted for deficit reduction, including direct payments to farmers, nutrition assistance, federal crop insurance, conservation programs, and farm export assistance. Analysts assessed the implications of deficit reduction proposals that would eliminate, reduce, consolidate, or alter federal support for the farm sector. They explored a range of alternatives to current farm programs that would entail less federal spending yet enable farmers to manage risks associated with agricultural production, conserve agricultural resources, and participate in export markets, International Agriculture. Agricultural exports are a significant component of total U.S. merchandise trade, and U.S. intemational food aid continues to play an important role in assisting countries with food supply emergencies and persistent hunger and malnutrition. These interests prompted Congress to call on CRS for analyses of the potential agricultural implications of free trade agreements. As food prices continued to rise in FY2012, lawmakers asked CRS to assess the role that U.S. assistance plays in meeting short-term needs of poor, hungry people and in promoting intemational agricultural development. Analysts also examined the effects of reduced foreign aid spending on the Administration's global food security initiative (Feed the Future) and the ability of the United States to respond to emergency humanitarian food needs.19 Supplies and Prices of Crude Oil and Petroleum. With the continuing volatility of oil, gasoline, and diesel prices, Congress requested CRS assistance as it debated proposals to increase domestic production and federal revenue payments by opening more federal areas to oil and natural gas development, These proposals as well as others to provide tax credits for oil and natural gas companies and to explore oil imports from Canada resulted in a large volume of calls for CRS analysis. Electric Utilities. Throughout the year CRS provided Congress with analysis of major issues facing the electric utility sector: the implications of environmental regulations, industry infrastructure concerns, reliability, and cybersecurity. Analysts supported Congress as the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) promoted electric system reliability in general, and particularly as FERC continued to develop Smart Grid technology. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. CRS supported lawmakers as they held hearings and initiated floor action to examine the potential use of federal funds for ill-advised projects, such as the high-profile failure of the solar energy company Solyndra. CRS experts also assisted when Congress considered the interaction between the federal renewable fuel standard and agricultural commodities given the historic drought throughout much of the United States in the summer of 2012. Environmental Regulations. CRS expertise contributed to congressional debate on whether or not to limit the regulatory activities of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), especially those promulgated under the Clean Air Act on interstate transport, power plant emissions, hazardous pollutants, and greenhouse gas control. Other issues on which Congress sought CRS assistance included the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (cap and trade) that requires airlines to pay a fee for carbon dioxide emissions above a cap level, interstate air pollution controls, EPA’s investigations of the Pavilion gas site in Wyoming, and support for funding cleanups of sites with hazardous substance contamination as well as for water treatment and supply networks. Fisheries Management. As Congress looked at ways to end overfishing and rebuild overfished fish stocks, bills were introduced in both chambers to amend provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (P.L. 94-265). CRS analysts explored the economic and social effects of annual catch limits needed to satisfy this Act and examined provisions for implementing limited access privileges, referred to as catch shares that are used to allocate catch quotas among fishing groups or individual fishermen, CRS analysts responded to congressional concems about the nature of these programs and the effects on the fishing industry and coastal communities. Science and Technology. Science and technology issues continued to be of concer to Congress in FY2012. As lawmakers looked for ways to ensure protection of the nation’s security, CRS experts reported on new nuclear and radiation detection technologies, analyzed existing and planned federal laboratory construction, and examined a complex sct of cybersecurity proposals. Analysts worked with Congress to assess and analyze funding for national R&D priorities in accordance with the America COMPETES Act of 2010 (P.L. 110-69) and examined the role of the federal government in supporting seience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education.20 Telecommunications. Telecommunications and Internet policy were also of great interest to Congress in FY2012. The Service provided analytical support on a wide range of telecommunications issues, including the prospects of auctioning valuable digital spectrum and using the proceeds to reduce the federal deficit. Congress sought advice from legal experts at the Service as it considered issues such as regulation of indecent broadcast programming, siting of wireless communications facilities, and the regulatory treatment of online video programming distributors. CRS attorneys also responded to requests for analysis of immunity from prosecution under the Communications Decency Act (47 U.S.C. Sec. 230(6)(1), broadcast licensing, proposed amendments to the Telephone Records and Privacy Protection Act of 2006 (P.L. 109- 476), and the FCC’s open Internet rules. Intellectual Property. As Congress considered legislation to address the problem of foreign Web sites that traffic in copyrighted materials and counterfeit goods, it looked to CRS for assistance in analyzing several remedies offered, the Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (S. 968) and the Stop Online Privacy Act (H.R. 3261). Additionally CRS assisted with a hearing on the Intemational Trade Commission’s cases addressing “standard essential patents.” Congress also focused on the protection of new technological innovation and intellectual property rights. In response to congressional queries, CRS policy specialists analyzed patent reform legislation that could potentially change the current patent protection regime. Analysts also examined intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals as Congress expressed concern over the availability of lower-cost versions of some pharmaceuticals. Manufacturing. Federal efforts to support the manufacturing sector were prominent and controversial this past year. CRS supported these efforts by analyzing issues such as the unwinding of the government's stakes in automobile-related companies, the prospects for domestic manufacturing of solar and wind energy equipment, the commercial satellite ‘manufacturing and launch industry, and changes in the U.S. manufacturing sector in line with an international perspective. LAW AND JUSTICE Law Pertaining to Food Safety. CRS attorneys and analysts collaborated to present a seminar on the statutory and regulatory framework governing food safety, which included an overview of the fifteen federal agencies and thirty statutes that comprise the U.S. food safety system. As a result congressional staff expressed an interest in CRS presenting food safety seminars on a regular basis. Attorneys addressed the strengths and weaknesses of the nation’s overall food safety program and analyzed the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 603) as well as the Food Safety and Inspection Service authority, regulations, and the options available to states to inspect meat under federal law. CRS attomeys also advised Congress on the Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration's authority to regulate packers and stockyards. ‘Law Pertaining to Education. Congress consulted CRS attorneys when it considered the authority of the Department of Education to waive state education requirements under the No Child Left Behind Act (P.L. 107-110). Attorneys also analyzed a charter school proposal,21 prohibitions against federal control of education, new student loan programs established by the Obama Administration, and a retroactive student loan interest rate. Constitutional Law. Congress remained apprised of developments in constitutional law by the continuous updating of the United States Constitution: Analysis and Interpretation (CONAN). CRS attomeys briefed Congress on constitutional issues related to the U.S. tertitories, requirements of a jury trial for certain civil claims, limits on legislative authority to target particular federal litigants, and First Amendment rights of educational institutions. Legal experts also assisted Congress as it considered proposals that would require drug testing as a condition to receive public benefits, with Fourth Amendment implications for searches and seizures. Gun Control and the Second Amendment, Legal experts at the Service analyzed a range of proposed gun measures, including proposals to establish greater reciprocity between states that issue concealed weapons permits. Internet sales of ammunition and firearms, sentencing guidelines and federal firearm offenses, District of Columbia firearm laws, firearms in public housing and on federal lands, relief from disability to possess firearms, and firearm possession among immigrants, Civil Rights, In anticipation of a pending Supreme court case, Fisher v. University of Texas, CRS attorneys prepared a seminar and provided written products on the constitutionality of affirmative action in higher education. They answered questions regarding possible legislative solutions for resolving multiple lawsuits filed by black, Hispanic, Native American, and female farmers against the U.S. Department of Agriculture. CRS attorneys provided consultation and written legal analysis in the wake of the Supreme Court’s decision in Wal-Mart v. Dukes, a sex discrimination case in which the Court denied class certification to female plaintiffs suing the retail chain, including analysis of the proposed Equal Employment Opportunity Restoration Act of 2012 (HLR. 5978 and S. 3317), which would overturn the ruling. In addition CRS attorneys provided support regarding discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity, such as instances of bullying and harassment in schools on the basis of sexual orientation. Family Law. CRS legal experts provided consultative and written support analyzing ongoing litigation pertaining to the recognition of same-sex marriages, including lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of the Defense of Marriage Act (P.L. 104-199). Attomeys maintained a portfolio of products on congressional authority related to domestic relations, child custody, and other family law questions. Criminal Law, CRS attorneys informed Congress on a range of criminal law and procedure issues, including sexual abuse of children, criminal sentencing, criminal justice reform, DNA databases, and identity theft. Criminal procedure issues included analysis of the constitutional implications of the rights of defendants under the tribal criminal jurisdiction provision in the proposed Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act (H.R. 4970 and S, 1925). CRS attorneys also briefed committee staff on federal wiretap laws, particularly the process for obtaining wiretap authorization. Indian Law, Attomeys in the Service addressed issues regarding federal Indian and indigenous peoples law, including legislation authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to recognize a native Hawaiian governing entity, legislation conceming the Department of the2 Interior proposed Tribal Self-Governance Act (H.R. 2444), and legislation concerning the proposed Indian Tribal Trade and Investment Demonstration Project of 2011 (H.R. 2362). Legal Issues in Emergency Preparedness. Congress called on CRS attorneys to analyze the authority of the federal government to provide funding for a new emergency management volunteer program that would be established by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. ‘The attorneys also analyzed House and Senate bills to reauthorize the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (P.L. 109-417), including proposed changes to statutory procedures permitting the Food and Drug Administration to make unapproved pandemic countermeasures available in the event of an emergency. Cybersecurity Legal Issues. Congress introduced a number of measures to protect the nation’s critical infrastructure and Internet networks. Among the issues CRS attomeys analyzed were the use of smart meters, computer crime, the authority of the federal government to block access to certain Intemet sites, privacy effects of information-sharing regimes, protection of federal networks, and the Fourth Amendment implications of government network-monitoring programs. Privacy and Surveillance. Congress considered privacy issues following the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Jones, a case conceming GPS tracking by law enforcement. Lawmakers subsequently called on CRS attomeys to survey federal statutes regulating the government's use of tracking devices and assist with location-monitoring legislation. Religious Freedom and Contraception. A controversial issue this past fiscal year was the extent of constitutional and statutory exemptions provided to religious employers and whether religious employers could be compelled to provide contraceptives through their health plans, pursuant to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. When the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor, and Treasury issued final rules requiring health plans to cover contraceptives, Congress turned to CRS attorneys to determine if the exemption might be limited to church and church associations but not be available to universities, hospitals, and social service providers affiliated with religious institutions. CRS legal experts addressed the complicated issues raised by the Departments’ ruling and analyzed legislative proposals for statutory exemptions. Legal Issues in Government Procurement. CRS assisted as Congress addressed the potential effects of sequestration on federal contracts. Legal experts analyzed the constitutionality of preferences for minority-owned small businesses and allegations that agencies are required by law to use small business set-asides in certain circumstances. CRS analysts supported congressional interest in domestic preference legislation and statutes, such as the Buy America ‘Act (41 U.S.C. Secs. 8301-8305), soureing policy, project labor agreements, strategic sourcing, and suspension and debarment. Legal Issues in Nuclear Energy. As Congress tracked ongoing contract litigation stemming from the federal government's failure to collect existing nuclear waste, CRS attomeys addressed the effects of recent appellate court decisions relating to the termination of the Yucea Mountain licensing proceedings and consulted with lawmakers regarding appropriations for nuclear waste disposal. These legal experts also analyzed other aspects of nuclear power production and the nuclear fuel process. They examined state authority to regulate nuclear power plants and the23 ‘Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s authority to require nonproliferation assessments as part of nuclear plant licensing. Legal Issues in National Security, CRS attomeys assisted Congress as it considered the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (P.L. 112-87) by briefing Members on detention and trial of suspected enemy belligerents, with a focus on possible application to U.S. citizens; by analyzing legal issues associated with the use of drones in targeted killing operations against terrorist suspects; and by supporting oversight of military operations in Afghanistan and Libya. As lawmakers reviewed U.S. policies on the transfer or release of Guantanamo detainees, CRS attorneys briefed Congress on laws governing classified information, including criminal liability for unlawful dissemination of such material. They also assisted with the legislative debate over the expiration of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Amendments Act of 2008 (PL. 110-261). Legal Issues in International Trade, As Congress tured to intemational trade issues, CRS attomeys analyzed legislative proposals, assessed the implications that rulings by U.S. and international bodies would have on future trade relations, and monitored implementation by executive agencies of trade agreements and statutory requirements. Issues included the U.S.- South Korea Free Trade Agreement, dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization, and state and local economic sanctions on entities doing business with foreign governments. Legal Issues in International Relations. Legal experts at the Service advised Congress during its oversight of security agreements entered by the United States and during deliberations on proposed U.S. ratification of several treaties, including the Law of the Sea Convention and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabil24 I. MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES FY2012 brought progress in implementing a number of management initiatives, including product line improvements, creation of enhanced Web site services, and advancement of new efficiencies in technological infrastructure. CHANGE IN CRS LEADERSHIP On December 5, 2011, Librarian James Billington appointed Mary Mazanec as Director of CRS. She had previously served as CRS Acting Director since April 2011 Dr. Mazanec has advanced degrees in law and medicine and brings a breadth of experience that is valuable in leading CRS and ensuring that the Service continues to provide comprehensive and objective research and analysis that meet the needs of Members and congressional staff. In July 2012 Director Mazanee announced the appointment of Colleen Shogan as Deputy Director. Dr. Shogan served as the Assistant Director of the Government and Finance Division since 2009. She brings to the position broad management experience within CRS, expertise in public poliey, a comprehensive understanding of legislative branch operations, and noteworthy academic credentials in political science. STRATEGIC PLANNING In this fiscal year the Library implemented the second year of the strategic plan covering 2011-2016. CRS continued leading five Library-wide annual objectives and supporting fifteen others, CRS also provided input on developing and refining Library-wide strategic planning processes, ‘The CRS-led objectives addressed (1) collection and analysis of data related to client needs in relation to the CRS Web site, (2) identification of data needs relevant to issues on the congressional agenda, (3) design and initial development of a next-generation legislative information system, (4) refinement of processes to support improved timeliness, breadth, depth, and collaboration in products and services for Congress, and (5) preparation of requirements for mobile device access to products and services on the CRS Web site. HUMAN RESOURCES AND WORK ENVIRONMENT Drawing on input from a 2008 staff retention pilot survey, the CRS Human Resources and Work Environment Advisory Commitiee moved forward on two action items. The committee developed an exit interview that invites employees to share their experiences working at CRS. The information shared is used to inform and enhance recruitment and retention strategies. The office also developed a proposal to expand options for recognizing staff for contributions and achievements, including low-cost and non-monetary awards to serve as meaningful alternatives to cash awards.25 OUTREACH ‘The CRS Client Education, Outreach, and Communication Advisory Committee established a SharePoint site as a repository of information’ on congressional outreach efforts across CRS. The site provides a planning tool for CRS staff as well as a key congressional and CRS events calendar. The calendar reduces duplication of effort by helping staff understand optimal dates for planning outreach. The site is located on an internal Collaboration Center Web site (for more details on the site see “Collaboration Center” below). Near the end of the fiscal year the Outreach Advisory Committee began to draft a comprehensive outreach plan for the 113th Congress to ensure that both new and returning Members of Congress, as well as new committee chairs and ranking Members, are aware of the full range of CRS products and services. INFORMATION SYSTEMS COORDINATION As part of an effort to prioritize information systems development the CRS Information Systems Advisory Committee issued a “call for projects” from CRS divisions and offices, evaluated the thirty-three project proposals that were submitted, and ranked them based on an objective set of pre-determined criteria, The final list, submitted to CRS management, provided the Service with a clear direction for aligning its limited resources with CRS mission priorities. PRODUCT LINE IMPROVEMENTS The work of the Research and CRS Products and Services Advisory Committee resulted in several sets of guidelines and best practices for written products prepared for Congress, described as follows. Peer Review Guidelines, Peer review, a necessary component of the professional writing process, is one of the central ways CRS ensures the breadth of perspective, objectivity, technical accuracy, nonpartisanship, and clear, concise writing in its work for Congress. CRS developed a set of best practices to streamline the peer review process by identifying additional professional and policy perspectives and providing valuable input, particularly for complex and cross-cutting policy debates and issues, Collegial and collaborative peer review within and across divisions is strongly encouraged for all analysts and legislative attorneys on all reports and memoranda. For all peer review, and especially for rush requests for written products, authors and division management are encouraged to discuss the deadline with the peer reviewer and clearly state expectations for the reviewer's involvement, including the deadline and mode of delivery. Best Practices in Determining Focus, Length, and Title. A centerpiece of the CRS Web site is the portfolio of CRS Reports. These reports must be written and maintained so that they best meet the needs of busy congressional clients, in content, organization, length, and format. They should be concise, well-organized, and clearly labeled regarding their subject matter and focus. Best practices in meeting the needs of Congress for these reports include guidelines for26 determining the product purpose (¢.g., background, issue tracking, special analysis), length, level of detail, and titling conventions. Summary Guidelines. CRS developed guidelines for an expanded and enhanced summary model that was tested as part of a six-month pilot based on products of the Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division. New summary options include bullets, internal subheadings, and jump links to relevant sections in the body of the report, as well as a checklist to assist authors in ‘making the summary most useful to congressional clients. CRS Section Research Managers also have the option of requesting styling recommendations as well as a pre-edit for new reports. Legal Sidebars. FY2012 saw the development and implementation of the CRS Legal Sidebar, an innovative project that provides Congress with original, brief legal analyses daily on the CRS Web site. A committee of legislative attorneys and managers in the American Law Division and the Information Management and Technology Office, together with content management experts, began building the Legal Sidebar infrastructure in fall 2011. The CRS Web site began publishing legal analyses under the new Legal Sidebar heading in June 2012. By the end of the fiscal year 216 original works by legislative attorneys had been posted on seventy-two topics of current interest to Congress. This product line provides a new way to highlight the capabilities and timeliness of the work of CRS attomeys as well as their contact information for additional assistance on any given legal topic. New Features. CRS added several new features to the Web site. In January CRS rolled out a revamped listing of Issues in Focus with introductory statements and embedded hyperlinks to cach topic area within the issue. The Service also developed a BlackBerry mobile device application that gives the user easy access to CRS recent reports and the ability to search on the BlackBerry. In May CRS added the ability to “Place a Request” and “Register for an Event” from a BlackBerry, features that enable the congressional user to access these features even when away from the office. Twitter Account, CRS made a pilot Twitter account, “CRS4Congress” available to Congress in mid-November. At that time a Twitter icon and link appeared on the CRS home page. CRS uses this Twitter account to communicate information about reports and other products, remind Congress about the full range of services CRS provides, promote CRS seminars and events, and notify clients about operations and new Web developments. This Twitter account is available only to Members and legislative branch staff. In May CRS added the twenty most “Recent Tweets” from the CRS4Congress feed to the Web site. The “Recent Tweets” feature provides easy access without the need for user subscription to Twitter. ‘Search Improvements. At the end of the fiscal year the Service began working to enhance the search capability of the CRS Web site. The new search system under development is to add facets, or categories that can be browsed, that would make it much easier for Congress to pinpoint the specific CRS research and analysis they need. Users would also be able to refine their searches and display search results with a variety of filters. Access to CRS experts would also be more transparent under the new search functionalities.27 NEW FACILITY: THE CRS SENATE CENTER Since 1973 CRS has maintained a center in the Russell Senate Office Building (B-07) to provide research and reference services to congressional clients. In April 2012 CRS transformed the space into an education, outreach, and communications facility and renamed it the CRS Senate Center. The renovated center enables CRS to bring its programs and consultation services closer to the congressional audience. CRS staff use the facility to meet Senate clients, provide tailored in-person briefings, present seminars on public policy issues, and implement demonstrations and briefings on research tools. IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CRS STAFF GIS Capability. In response to increasing demand from Congress, CRS expanded its capacity to provide geographic information systems (GIS) services by coordinating with staff from the Library’s Geography and Maps Division. The CRS GIS team, consisting of one full-time GIS analyst and two information professionals, worked with CRS analysts to provide mapping services and geospatial analyses across a wide spectrum of policy issue areas including domestic and foreign energy, natural resources, education, climate change, trade, and defense. GIS output ‘was incorporated within analytical products such as congressional reports, memoranda, and briefings to provide a visual and geospatial dimension to complex public poticy analyses. Collaboration Center. With the growing need for staff to have desktop collaborative work space, the Office of Information Management and Technology, working with the SharePoint Coordination Board, created a Collaboration Center in October 2011 where divisions, offices, teams and staff throughout CRS can use the SharePoint application to build sites enabling greater sharing of information. The Collaboration Center is the gateway to creating new division and office-specific intranets and research- or project-related team sites. Product Distribution Counts. Two new tools were created to allow CRS staff to determine frequency of congressional access to products on the CRS Web site, which in tum enables analysts to identify key areas of congressional interest. One application provides statistics on number of downloads of products overall and by format (htm! and pdf) for a given time period. A second tool, an enhancement to the internal Management Information System, displays one year of Web distribution data for selected reports, broken out by month and by congressional chamber. Launching of Upgrades and Improvements in Technology. In May 2012 CRS added a number of enhancements to the Mereury request intake system, including provision of additional request information, a faster quick search function, improvements in events registration, and a confirmation email for congressional staff using the event registration feature. Other improvements included migration from GroupWise to Outlook to provide staff with enhanced features available in email, calendars, and to-do activities and contacts. Testing began near the end of the fiscal year to upgrade Microsoft Word 2007 software to the more efficient 2010 version.28 APPENDIXES A. FY2012 BUDGET, RESOURCES, AND OTHER FUNDING In FY2012 CRS had an appropriation of $106.79 million available for expenditure. More than 88 percent of the fiscal year’s expenditures supported staff salaries and benefits. In this fiscal year CRS received a total of $360,000 from four nonprofit foundations in support of “Legislative Issues and Procedures: The CRS Seminar for New Members,” the official policy orientation for newly elected House Members of the 113th Congress. Each of the following four foundations contributed $90,000 in support of the seminar: the Joyce Foundation, the Henry Luce Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and The Pew Charitable Trusts. This January 2013 program provided an overview of the policy issues likely to be on the legislative agenda for the 113th Congress as well as an introduction to legislative procedures.29 B. WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT CRS continued to invest in strategic and comprehensive programming and initiatives to strengthen its human capital capabilities, meet workforce planning objectives, and streamline processes to achieve greater efficiencies. To that end, the Service used targeted recruitment strategies to fill key vacancies, address succession planning objectives, and meet short-term and intermittent hiring requirements, Focusing on its supervisory workforce, CRS improved its performance management program and devoted resources to begin the development of a more robust framework for developing and enhancing supervisory skills and competencies. CRS also expanded its staff recognition program to include more non-monetary options for greater cost- effectiveness and management flexibility. In addition, with the implementation of a structured exit interview process, CRS was better able to collect data to inform future recruitment and retention strategies. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION CRS used the Library’s merit selection process to fill key vacancies throughout the Service. ‘Succession planning objectives enabled the Service to capitalize on entry-level hiring programs, specifically the Graduate Recruit Program (an in-house hiring program intended to recruit a diverse pool of talented graduate students for CRS careers) and the Presidential Management Fellows (PMF) Program (a program offered by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management). As in past years, the CRS used a variety of cost-effective hiring mechanisms to meet short-term and intermittent staffing requirements, including the Volunteer Internship Program, the Law Clerk Program, volunteer appointments of retired CRS employees, the Student Diversity Intemship Program, the PMF Program, and temporary appointments. In all recruitment and selection efforts CRS remained committed to fostering an inclusive workplace. Merit Selection: Filling Key Vacancies. CRS filled twelve permanent/indefinite positions through merit selection, including five internal selections and seven external selections. These twelve hires included an equal number of men and women as well as three minorities (25 percent). © Five managerial or supervisory positions were filled through internal selections, including the CRS Director and CRS Deputy Director, one Associate Director, one section research manager, and one section head. # Seven nonsupervisory, professional positions were filled with external hires, including five analyst positions, one information technology specialist position, and one geographic/ geospatial information systems (GIS) analyst position. Succession Planning Programs, CRS identified and filled twelve succession planning opportunities through entry-level hiring programs designed to recruit and prepare graduate students for government careers: © For the second consecutive year CRS made substantial use of the Graduate Recruit Program. The program greatly expanded in its second year, with more than double last year’s 355 applicants; in FY2012, 740 applicants submitted applications. From the30 applicant pool, eleven graduate recruits accepted temporary summary appointments, including six women (55 percent) and two minorities (18 percent) in the following positions: five analysts, five information professionals, and one financial management specialist. Graduate recruits may be eligible for conversion to permanent status, contingent upon continued successful job performance and funding availability. Conversion decisions were pending at year’s end. © CRS continued its tradition of participating in the PMF Program, which is designed to attract the nation’s top graduate students to careers in public service. CRS converted one female PMF to a permanent appointment in an analyst position. Short-term and Intermittent Staffing. CRS used a variety of cost-effective methods to address short-term and intermittent staffing requirements, including: ‘* The Volunteer Internship Program: Forty-one volunteer interns, including twenty-one women (51 percent). Approximately one-third of these intems had graduate degrees, while the remainder was pursuing either undergraduate or graduate degrees. The interns were deployed to CRS divisions to assist in performing public policy research while participating in the legislative process and developing research skills. © The Law Clerk Program: Six law clerks, including four women (67 percent). Law clerks who were enrolled in or had completed at least two years of law school assisted legislative attomeys in researching legal issues of current interest to Congress and writing analytical reports and memoranda. The law clerks also participated in the legislative process and developed research skills. ‘© Volunteer Appointments of Retired CRS Employees: Nine retired CRS employees, including two women (22 percent) and one minority (11 percent). Retired CRS employees enthusiastically embraced a dual role of supporting current staff and mentoring junior analysts, contributing their considerable collective expertise in mecting congressional needs for comprehensive public policy analysis. ‘© The Student Diversity Intemship Program (SDIP): Seven intems from underrepresented ‘groups, including four women (57 percent). The majority of SDIP interns assisted professional staff in performing public policy research and analysis while developing their own research skills and learning about the legislative process. In some cases SDIP interns worked in infrastructure offices to gain hands-on experience with oversight, implementation, and administration of support services and operations. «The PMF Program: Five nonreimbursable PMF rotations from executive branch agencies, including four women (60 percent) and one minority (20 percent). CRS continued to be a host agency of choice for fellows in executive branch agencies desiring hands-on experience working directly for Congress. PMFs were assigned to the Service's research divisions to cover a breadth of policy issues. Their work included responding to congressional requests for information and analysis, participating in research projects, tracking legislation and issues, and assisting in updating or preparing background and policy reports and confidential memoranda. ‘© Temporary Appointments: Three appointments in the research divisions to meet specific short-term administrative staffing requirements.31 Diversity Efforts. As part of ongoing recruitment and diversity outreach efforts CRS hired seven SDIP summer interns. All interns were minorities including four women (57 percent), and three (43 percent) were recruited through the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities (HACU). In addition, all eleven graduate recruits hired in FY2011 were converted to permanent status in FY2012, including five women (45 percent) and two minorities (18 percent). ‘New efforts during the fiscal year included forging a partnership with the Charles B. Rangel Intemational Affairs Program, which resulted in the temporary placement of two Charles B. Rangel Scholars during the summer of 2012. CRS continued to use its pool of minority recruitment sources from which it draws to advertise permanent and temporary positions and develop stronger ties with various groups and organizations to promote CRS positions more effectively. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Primary focuses for the year included efforts to streamline the CRS performance management program for supervisors and achieve greater efficiency in its administration. Through a collaborative effort working with all management levels throughout the Service CRS eliminated redundancies, standardized and strengthened standards of measurement, and decreased administrative requirements. ‘Also during the year the Service took proactive steps to improve its timely completion of annual and mid-year reviews to include increased monitoring and notification of due dates. By the end of the fiscal year the CRS compliance rate for annual reviews increased 3 percent, and {for mid-year reviews the compliance rate increased 16 percent. STAFF RECOGNITION To provide greater management flexibility in recognizing staff and offer meaningful alternatives to cash awards, particularly during periods of reduced funding, CRS broadened the options for staff recognition to include additional non-monetary measures. The additional non- ‘monetary options include low-cost keepsakes, certificates of achievement, letters of recognition, and public postings of special achievements. Through these efforts, CRS continued commitment to recognizing distinctions in staff performance in a practical and cost-effective way. The annual CRS Awards Ceremony was held on June 13, 2012, and included a presentation of the seventh annual Director's Award, The Director's award is given in recognition of an individual's or group's excellent work in direct or indirect support of the Congress. Award recipients are nominated by their colleagues. A panel reviews the nominations and submits recommendations to the CRS Director for decision. The Director presented this year’s award to a highly respected and sought-out specialist in naval affairs. The specialist is regarded for an expansive body of authoritative work characterized by depth, breadth, and timeliness, and by its impact on the work of Congress.32 STAFF TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CRS continued to strengthen and refine its training program and resources with particular focus on the supervisory workforce. Work began on development of a Web portal to provide a centralized location for resources and information to aid supervisors. The Service also partnered with the Maxwell School at Syracuse University for an abbreviated capstone study to assess best practices in developing and strengthening supervisory skills and competencies. Findings from the study are informing efforts to design and implement a comprehensive framework for developing and enhancing supervisor and leadership skills. CRS-Sponsored Training Opportunities. CRS continued to offer a number of in-house courses for research analysts: “Appropriations and the Budget Process”; “Professional Writing”; “Critical Thinking”; “Reviewing Other People’s Writing”; and “Presentations Training.” CRS staff also attended the Legislative Process Institute to develop foundational knowledge. The Institute provides a range of programs including the legislative process, appropriations and budget, and federal legal research. Mentoring Program. The CRS mentoring program continued its successful pairing of new employees with experienced CRS colleagues to provide advice and assistance in acclimating new hires to the Service. In addition to the mentor/mentee pairing, each new employee has had an opportunity 10 participate in ten information sessions throughout the year to learn more about CRS operations, policies, and procedures, as well as attend three varied discussions focused on working and interacting with congressional clients, These targeted discussions focused on working with legislation and dealing with politically sensitive information. During the course of the year, seventeen mentors and seventeen mentees participated in the program. STAFF RETENTION CRS implemented a structured employee exit interview process to obtain data from separating employees to inform and enhance recruitment and retention strategies. For the fifty- one permanent employees who separated during FY2012, twenty-nine exit interviews were conducted, resulting in a 57 percent participation rate.33 C. TYPES OF CRS SUPPORT TO CONGRESS: RESEARCH SERVICES AND PRODUCTS: Throughout FY2012 CRS provided Congress with analysis, research, and information to support its policymaking needs in the formats described below. CONGRESSIONALLY DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTS PROVIDING RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ON LEGISLATIVE ISSUES Reports for Congress. Reports for Congress, analyses, or studies on specific policy issues of congressional legislative interest, are often prepared to address issues raised in numerous congressional inquiries. Reports clearly define issues in legislative contexts. The basic requirements of these and other CRS written products are relevance, accuracy, objectivity, and nonpartisanship. Analysts define and explain technical terms and concepts, frame the issues in understandable and timely contexts, and provide appropriate, accurate, and valid quantitative data, A summary appears on the first page of each report. CRS Reports are available online to the congressional community. Active reports are updated as events occur for issues that are of ongoing interest to Congress and are archived when they no longer reflect the current legislative agenda. These archived products remain available to Congress (searchable) to provide background and historical context. Congressional Distribution Memoranda. These memoranda are prepared when the interest of a relatively small number of congressional readers is anticipated or when the transiency of the issue and the product make its inclusion as a listed CRS Report inappropriate. If an issue becomes important to a larger congressional audience, the product may be recast as a CRS Report. ELECTRONICALLY ACCESSIBLE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CRS Web Site. The CRS Web site displays CRS products that are listed by current legislative issue and are accessible through online searching, The site also provides access to CRS Reports and analyses of annual appropriations legislation, New this year are concise, timely analyses of current legal issues of interest to Congress, posted as Legal Sidebars on the CRS home page. Also offered are a guide to legislative procedures, online registration for CRS seminars, and information on other services. The Web site also includes links to constituent services-related information as well as legislative, legal, and basic resources for work in congressional offices. Other recent Web products include DVDs of CRS recorded seminars, a Twitter feature showeasing new CRS work (CRS4Congress), and a CRS BlackBerry application to view contents of CRS Reports. In operation since the 104th Congress, the CRS Web site is accessible only to House and Senate offices and other legislative branch agencies, Appropriations, CRS experts working on appropriations continued to provide comprehensive legislative analysis and tracking for the twelve regular Senate and House bills. In FY2012 they also assisted Congress with continuing resolutions, supplementals, and the budget resolution. The Service also provides access to a CRS appropriations status table for tracking legislation.34 On the Floor. On the Floor, a weekly compendium of CRS products relevant to scheduled ot expected floor action in the House and Senate, is available on the CRS Web site and by email subscription to all Members, committees, subcommittees, and congressional staff. All bills and related CRS products listed on this page are linked to the bills themselves on their Bill Summary & Status pages and are linked to the products on the CRS Web site. On the Floor is updated throughout the week as needed. CRS Programs Electronic Mailing List. Launched in FY2001, this email notification system provides subscribers with descriptions of upcoming CRS programs and links to online registration forms. Legislative Information System. The Legislative Information System (LIS) was available for the first time on Capnet at the beginning of the 105th Congress. The system provides Members of Congress and their staff with access to the most current and comprehensive legislative information available, as well as integrated access to CRS Reports. It can be accessed only by the House and Senate and the legislative support agencies. The LIS has been developed under the policy direction of the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration and the House Committee on House Administration, The LIS has been a collaborative project of the offices and agencies of the legislative branch, including the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House; the House Chief ‘Administrative Officer and the Senate Sergeant at Arms; the Government Printing Office: the Congressional Budget Office; the Congressional Research Service; and other service units of the Library of Congress. CRS has responsibility for the overall coordination of the retrieval system; the Library of Congress Office of Strategic Initiatives is responsible for its technical development and operation. ‘A Library-wide multidepartment team successfully released an initial version of a replacement system for LIS (beta.congress.gov). Releasing the beta legislative system is a significant step toward the Library's FY2014 goal to replace two legacy systems, LIS and THOMAS, with a single, modem system. LIS-TIPS, This email notification system delivers search advice, announcements of LIS enhancements, and requests for user participation in developing enhancements and usability testing, including occasional polls of user preferences. RESPONSES TO INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS AND COMMITTEES The Service also responds to requests for custom services from Members and committees and their staff. Frequently this is done by CRS analysts in the form of confidential policy and legal analyses, usually in memorandum format; consultations in person, by phone, or by email; and briefings on virtually all legislative and policy issues, each tailored to address specific questions directed to CRS by a requesting Member, committee, or their staff. Confidential Memoranda, Confidential memoranda are prepared to meet a specific congressional request and are often designed to meet the needs of the congressional reader with a high level of expertise in a given topic. These memoranda are prepared for the use of the congressional requester, and CRS does not distribute them further unless the recipient gives35 permission. The memorandum format is often used by CRS attomeys, for example, to respond to highly focused inquiries about the legal implications of statutory provisions, proposed legislation, or executive actions. Individual Staff Briefings. Individual or group staff briefings constitute another form of tailored response to congressional inquiries. CRS staff provide in-person briefings to Members and committees on specific policy issues. These briefings, for example, might focus on bills in formulation, foreign or domestic policy issues before Congress, the legislative process, congressional operations, or general orientations to CRS services and products. Telephone and Email Responses. Telephone and email responses to inquiries are a vital element in CRS interactions and consultations with Congress. CRS experts are directly accessible by phone or email; on a given day the Service responds to numerous calls and emails and provides information that may range from a statistic or a name to a short briefing or an interactive discussion analyzing alternatives for response to an issue. CRS goals in these instances are to provide expertise, ease of access, and personalized immediate response, Briefing Books. Briefing books may be prepared for use by congressional delegations (CODELs) traveling abroad and are collections of materials that support specific purposes of a congressional trip. They may contain a variety of materials — maps, selected products such as CRS Reports, and brief tailored written work, which can contain background and current issues regarding U.S. relations with specific countries on the trip, as well as questions Members might ask when meeting with government and other officials. SEMINARS, INSTITUTES, AND OTHER PROGRAMS: Seminars. CRS conducted seminars for Members and staff on a wide array of public poli issues. These seminars featured a combination of CRS and outside experts to explore various facets of public policy issues. Highlights of the year included the following public policy seminars: “Overview of Federal Rulemaking,” “An Introduction to the U.S. Individual Income Tax system,” “Systemic Risks to U.S. Financial Systems,” “War in Afghanistan,” “Cybersecurity: Issues and Options for Workforce, Recruitments, and Education,” “The Implications of Russia’s Presidential Election for U.S.-Russia Relations,” “TARP: Ongoing Federal Support for Banks, Auto Companies, and Homeowners,” “Small Business and Job Creation,” “The Congressional Review Act and EPA’s Mercury and Air Toxics Standards for Electric Power Plants,” “International Food Aid: Issues for Congress,” “What's in the Senate Agriculture Committee’s 2012 Farm Bill?,” “Disasters 101: Congressional Primer on Major Disasters and Emergencies,” “Comparing the House and Senate Farm Bills,” “25 Years of Defense Acquisition Reform,” and “The International Monetary Fund in the Global Economy.” There was a series of three seminars covering the basics of financial risks and also safety and soundness regulations. A series of twelve roundtable discussions was held for new military legislative assistants. These informal discussions were structured as an exchange between CRS analysts and the new military legislative staff to equip them with a basic understanding of military issues within the legislative context. Five seminars were held in anticipation of the President's FY2013 budget request and covered topics such as the international affairs budget, defense budget, and the federal research and development budget. Another series of three36 seminars was held on rare earth elements. Informal discussions with CRS attomeys were held on three separate occasions related to the Supreme Court's Affordable Care Act decision and contempt action against the Attorney General. Legislative and Budget Process Institutes. CRS continued to provide legislative and budget process institutes, Congressional staff became acquainted with the practice of legislative procedures and the congressional budget process at a series of increasingly complex “institutes” held at regular intervals during the course of the year. In FY2012 CRS staff teams conducted thirteen introductory institutes on legislative procedure and resources, two of which were held in the Senate, Three advanced legislative institutes were held for congressional staff. CRS staff conducted eight introductory programs on legislative concepts in conjunction with the House Learning Center, and two advanced legislative process series for both the House and Senate, the latter done in conjunction with the Senate Office of Education and Training. Seminars on the budget process, offered in fifteen sessions, provided congressional staff with an integrated overview of how federal budgeting works, as well as a more advanced look at separate aspects of the process, Experts provided compilations of CRS budget reports for each CRS budget process program. State and District Institutes, offered five times during FY2012, were specifically tailored to the needs of staff working in Members” home state offices. Five sessions on grants work in a congressional office were offered to Capitol Hill staff engaged in constituent services, Legal Programs. For nearly three decades CRS has offered continuing legal education ctedits through its Federal Law Update to Members and congressional staff. The program consists of twelve sessions offered over two weeks in both the spring and fall. CRS attomeys provided updates on important issues of law and policy directly related to the legislative agenda. Through close collaboration with the Law Library of Congress, CRS co-sponsors a series of programs for congressional staff on legal research. Topics include using print and electronic sources to conduct legislative history and statutory research and a general introduction to legislative research. Seventeen programs were held during FY2012. Foreign Parliaments. CRS provided assistance to the House Democracy Partnership in the form of briefings during four programs for visiting parliamentarians from Afghanistan, Egypt, Georgia, Haiti, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Kosovo, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Timor-Leste, and Tunisia. Activities included seminars for the visiting lawmakers to provide information on options for internal governance, legislative and committee procedures, information resources, and organizational structures that could enhance the development of these national legislatures. Visiting Dignitaries, Establishing and expanding country-specific expertise is another activity CRS supports. Toward this end, specific policy briefings were held with representatives from the E.U, Parliament, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Uganda, and Vietnam. Orientations and Briefings. Sixteen programs were offered to various organizations that sponsor congressional fellows. CRS staff’ prepared introductory orientations on CRS services, legislative process, and policy-specific briefings. Among the organizations represented are the ‘American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Political Science Association, Barbara Jordan Fellows, Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, National Library of Medicine, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, USS Enterprise (Stennis Fellows), Rangel Fellows, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and Women’s Research and Education Institute.37 ‘An additional sixty-two orientations on CRS services were held for new congressional staff, and ninety-one briefings were conducted for incoming congressional interns and volunteers. LEGISLATIVE SUMMARIES AND LEGISLATIVE DATA ENHANCEMENTS: Legislative Summaries. The Legislative Analysis and Information Section (LAIS) in CRS is required by statute to write and publish summaries of all legislation introduced in the U.S. Congress. These authoritative summaries are used by lawmakers, policymakers, academics, and members of the public who are seeking accurate, objective, nonpartisan deseriptions of both new and amended federal legislation. These official summaries are published widely, including through LIS, THOMAS, beta.congress.gov, and such services as Lexis and CQ. Legislative analysts review and analyze legislation to determine its meaning and effect on current law. They then draft summaries of the legislation and write more detailed analyses of any subsequent action versions of the legislation, As of mid-November 2012 the section has published more than 14,000 summaries in the 112th Congress. Legislative Data Enhancements. LAIS legislative information specialists enhance the usability and interactivity of status information by linking the relevant pages of the Congressional Record (¢.g., debate, Member introductory remarks, and amendments). They also ensure the integrity of legislative data transmitted by the House, Senate, and GPO for LIS and THOMAS. LAIS further enhances bill records by adding such bill information as short titles, related bills, explanatory notes, and subject terms. OTHER SERVICES Multimedia Products and Services. CRS provided a variety of multimedia products and technical assistance in support of its service to Congress. These included producing DVDs of CRS seminars and public policy briefings that congressional staff can request from the CRS Web site. Featured were public policy programs on health care reform, the financial crisis, energy policy, immigration, as well as executive branch budget briefings and reviews. Video programs examined the fundamentals of the tax system and federal contracting as well as parliamentary procedures used by the House Parliamentarian. CRS compiled twelve video programs as DVDs during the year and provided two hours of television programming each weekday on the Senate closed-circuit television system. Throughout the year short video clips of various floor and committee actions were also assembled for legislative procedure briefings.38 D. CRS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE CRS has adopted an interdisciplinary and integrative approach as it responds to requests from Congress. The Service seeks to define complex issues in clear and understandable ways, identify basic causes of the problems under consideration, and highlight available policy choices and potential effects of action. CRS is organized into the following divisions and offices to support the analysis, research, and information needs of Congress. DIVISIONS ‘American Law Division. The American Law Division provides Congress with legal analysis and information on the range of legal questions that emerge from the congressional agenda Division lawyers work with federal, state, and international legal resources in support of the legislative, oversight, and representational needs of Members and committees of Congress. The Division’s work involves the constitutional framework of separation of powers, congressional- executive relations, and federalism. It includes the legal aspects of congressional practices and procedures and the myriad questions of administrative law, constitutional law, criminal law, civil rights, environmental law, business and tax law, and international law that are implicated by the legislative process. In addition, the Division prepares The Constitution of the United States of ‘America — Analysis and Interpretation (popularly known as the Constitution Annotated). Domestic Social Policy Division, The Domestic Social Policy Division offers Congress research and analysis in the broad area of domestic social policies and programs. Analysts use multiple disciplines in their research, including program and legislative expertise, quantitative methodologies, and economic analysis. Issue and legislative areas include education and training, health care and financing, Social Security, public and private pensions, welfare, nutrition assistance, housing, immigration, drug control, crime and criminal justice, labor and occupational safety, unemployment and workers’ compensation, and other issues related to children and families, persons with disabilities, the aged, the poor, and veterans. Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division. The Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division follows critical worldwide political, economic, and security developments for Congress. The wide range of issues it addresses includes critical global and regional trends, U.S. relations with individual nations, and transnational issues such as cybersecurity, nonproliferation, terrorism, refugees, human rights, crime, and global institutions such as the United Nations and the World Bank. The Division examines U.S. foreign aid programs, strategies, and resource allocations as well as State Department budget and operations, public diplomacy, and legislation on foreign relations. Research responsibilities include national security policy, military strategy, the U.S. defense budget, U.S. and foreign weapons systems, the global arms trade, military operations, intelligence, military health and compensation, and U.S. military bases at home and abroad. Trade-related legislation, policies, and U.S. trade performance and investment flows are also examined, as are trade negotiations and agreements, export promotion and export controls, import regulations, and tariffs. Government and Finance Division, The Government and Finance Division’s work focuses on the organization, structure, operations, and management of Congress and its support agencies39 as well as the congressional budget and appropriations process and the legislative process. ‘Among the financial issues covered by the Division are banking, financial institutions, insurance, mortgages, and securities, as well as taxation, public finance, fiscal and monetary policy, and the public debt. Other research addresses the interaction between taxes and interest rates and macroeconomic policy. In addition, the Division responds to requests on the organization, management, and funding of the federal, executive, and judicial branches, judicial and executive branch nominations, government personnel and the civil service, the presidency and vice presidency, and government information policy and privacy issues. The Division is responsible for policy work in the areas of intergovernmental relations and forms of federal aid, federalism, statehood and U.S. territories, and the Disirict of Columbia. Also covered are economic development, federal planning for and response to emergencies, disasters, acts of terrorism in the United States, survey research and public opinion polls, the census, reapportionment and redistricting, elections, campaign finance, lobbying, and political parties. Resources, Science, and Industry Division. The Resources, Science, and Industry Division covers an array of legislative issues for Congress involving natural resources and environmental ‘management, science and technology, and industry and infrastructure, Resources work includes policy analysis on public lands and other natural resources issues, environment, agriculture, food, fisheries, energy, and minerals, Science coverage includes policy analysis on civilian and military research and development issues, information and telecommunications, space, earth sciences, and general science and technology. Support on transportation and industry issues includes policy analysis on transportation and transportation infrastructure issues, industrial market structure and regulation, and sector-specific industry analysis. RESEARCH SUPPORT Knowledge Services Group. The Knowledge Services Group includes information professionals who respond to congressional requests and partner with CRS analysts and attorneys in providing authoritative and reliable information research and policy analysis to Congress. They write descriptive products and contribute to analytical products in policy research areas, advise analysts and Congress in finding solutions for their information needs, make recommendations for incorporating new research strategies into their work, and create customized products in a variety of formats. Information professionals identify, evaluate, and recommend authoritative research materials in print and digital formats and provide or coordinate specialized training on these resources. They also evaluate, acquire, and maintain research data and geospatial information to address various publie policy issues areas, They work closely with the research divisions to provide seminars, institutes, and other in-person briefings to Members and their staff, and also provide direct support to Congress in congressional reading rooms and research centers. OFFICES Office of Communications. The Office of Communications is responsible for coordinating and overseeing CRS communications with intemal and extemal audiences. The Office assists40 CRS staff in understanding how Service policies, procedures, decisions, and activities relate to the CRS mission of serving Congress and how staff efforts fulfill that mission. To achieve that goal the Office advises on communications-related aspects of CRS initiatives. The Office ensures that internal and external communications are clear, consistent, and aligned with the CRS mission, and it implements new uses of communications channels. Office of Congressional Information and Publishing. The Office of Congressional Information and Publishing facilitates and enhances congressional access to timely and authoritative legislative information and CRS public policy expertise. In close consultation with CRS authors, the Office edits, provides graphics support for, and publishes CRS Reports. It organizes, analyzes, and publishes legislative information, including summaries of all pending legislation, provided through the Congress.gov beta system, the Legislative Information System (LIS), and THOMAS. The Office also works in partnership with other Library units, the Clerk of the House of Representatives, the Secretary of the Senate, the Government Printing Office, and other legislative branch offices and agencies. These entities maintain positive working relationships with data partners and stakeholders to ensure accurate, timely, and complete access to congressional information. They work together to facilitate Library initiatives in support of development, operation, maintenance, and congressional support of LIS and the successor Congress.gov system. The Office develops innovative tools to improve the understanding of legislative documents, responds to congressional queries about the use of and content of the legislative information systems, and maintains authoritative Member and staff data for the handling of research requests. Office of the Counselor to the Director. The Office of the Counselor to the Director examines and defines policy and legal questions and issues affecting all aspects of the Service, and serves as the principal legal and policy advisor to the CRS Director, Deputy Director, and other senior management officials. The Office develops and coordinates matters relating to internal CRS policies, particularly as they affect the Service’s relationships with congressional clients and other legislative support agencies, and ensures that the Service complies with applicable guidelines and directives contained in the Reorganization Act, in statements by appropriations and oversight committees, and in Library regulations and CRS policy statements, The Office of the Counselor also addresses policy and legal questions with respect to such matters as congressional requests, potential conflicts of interest and activities on the part of staff, personnel policy, and labor-management issues. Office of Finance and Administration. The Office of Finance and Administration oversees the financial, procurement, and administrative programs of the Service, This includes coordinating the strategic planning, preparing the budget request, formulating and executing the financial operating plan, and performing contracting and procurement actions. The Office also supervises the Service’s status, role, activities, and interaction with the Library in performing these functions. Office of Information Management and Technology. ‘The Office of Information Management and Technology provides the information management capabilities and support required for CRS research and legislation-related activities, communications, and service to Congress. This includes planning, procurement, development, operations, security, and maintenance of the information technology infrastructure and systems required to support the CRS mission, The Office is also responsible for the overall information architecture and41 maintains information resources by identifying, assessing, acquiring, organizing, preserving, and tracking materials. Office of Workforce Management and Development. The Office of Workforce Management and Development manages the Service’s ability to attract, develop, and retain quality talent needed to respond to the dynamic research, analysis, and information needs of Congress. The Office provides a comprehensive package of services and programs to support and strengthen CRS human capital capabilities. These services and programs extend to the areas of staffing and workforce planning as well as performance management, training and development, and staff recognition. The Office is also responsible for data management and analysis, workforce flexibilities, and personnel security. The Office serves as liaison and collaborates with other Library offices on human resource management issues and initiatives.42 E. CRS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART Administrative Operations = 4 Communications Office of the Director Office re Deputy Director [ Fevew oe | - 7 i 1 1 American Law Division ' ‘Counselor to the Director = a 1 Trade Division Domestic Social Policy Hinenes i Bivision Operations Officer Foreign Affairs, Defense and Congressional Information and Publishing Government and Finance Information Management and Knowledge Services Group Division : re Technology | 1 i ' 1 ' Resources, Science and ' : Workforce Management and |— Industry Division 4 1 Development t t ' Avge 201043 F. LISTING OF ALL SENIOR LEVEL POSITIONS BY TITLE, GRADE LEVEL, AND INCUMBENT AT THE BEGINNING AND END OF FY2012! As of Asor Ostober 1.2011 September 30,2012 Grade i Grade Incumbent Director, Congressional Statutory Vacant® Same Same Mary Mazanec* Research Service Rate Depry Director, Congressional SL Mary Mazance* same Same Colleen Shogan Research Service Counselor to the Director, st. LizanneD.Kelley Same Same Same Office of the Counselor 6 the Director Associate Direstor, Office of SL Clifford T. Cohen Same Same Same Congressional Information and Publishing Associate Director, Offie of SL Edward R Jablonski Same Same Same Finance and Administration and ‘Senior Specialist in Social and formation Sciences (Chief Information Officer, SL Lisa Hoppis Same Same Same Office of Information Management and Technology ‘Associate Director, Office of SL ‘Vacant® Same Same Monica Woods” Workforce Management and Development and Senior Specialist in Social and Information Sciences Assistant Director, American SL Karen J. Lewis Same Same Same Law Division and Senior Specialist in American Public Law Assistant Director, Domestic SL LauraB. Shrestha Same Same Same Social Policy Division and Senior Specialist in Social Legislation Assistant Directo, Foreion sL Same Same Same “furs, Defense and Trade Division and Senior Specialist in Intemational Policy Assistant Director, Government SL Colleen Shogan* Same Same Vacant and Finance Division and Senior Spocialist in American National ‘Government “Assistant Director, Knowledge SL Lillian Gassie Same Seme Same Services Group and Senior Specialist in Social and Information SciencesAsof. Position Incumbent Position Grade Incumbent Assistant Director, Resources, SL John L. Moore Same Same Same Science and Industry Division and Senior Specialist in Environmental Policy| Deputy Chief Information SL Donna Scheeder Same Same Same Officer, Office of Information ‘Management and Technology Deputy Assistant Director, su. ‘Terry J. Halstead Same Same Same “American Law Division and Specialist in American Law Deputy Assistant Director, sL Richard Rimkunas Same Same Same Domestic Social Poliey Division and Specialist in Soci Legislation Deputy Assistant Director, st. Edward F. Bruner Same Same Same Foreign Affairs, Defense and ‘Trade Division and Specialist in Foreign Affairs Deputy Assistant Director, SL Pamela Jackson"? Same Same Same Government and Finance Division and Specialist in ‘American National Government Deputy Assistant Director, sL Lisa Dove ‘Same Same Same Knowledge Services Group and ‘Senior Specialist in Social and Information Science Deputy Assistant Director, sL Lorel Wisniewski Same Same Same Resources, Science and Industry Division and Specialist in Environmental Policy Senior Advisor tothe Director SL Richard C. hike" Same Same Same and Senior Specialist Senior Advisor tothe Direc- SL Vacant! Same Same Same tor and Senior Specialist, Senior Specialist in Agrieule SL Charles E. Hanrahan Same same Same tural Policy Senior Specialist in American SL Robert. Dilger Same Same Same ‘National Government Senior Specialist in American SL Walter 3. Oleszek Same Same Same National Government Senior Specialist in American SL Michael L.Koempel Same Same Same "National Government Senior Specialist in American SL. Charles Doyle Same Same Same Public Law Senior Specialist in Economie SL Jane G. Gravelle Same Same Same Policy45 Asof Asof ‘October 1.2011 ‘September 30,2012 Position Grade Incumbent Position Grade Incumbent Senior Specialist in Science and SL Erie A. Fischer Same Same Same Technology Coordinator for Policy Douglas A. Warshof Same Same Same Implementation and Specialist Coordinator of Division sL Lany M. Eig Same Same Same Research and Specialist Coordinator of Division st Karen Spar Same Same Same Research and Specialist Coordinator of Division sL Clay H. Welborn Same Same Vacant” Research and Specialist Coordinator of Review and sL Robin Grove Same Same Same Specialist in Social and Information Sciences ‘Specialist on the Congress Jdith Schneider Same Same Same Specialist in Environmental = SL James E. McCarthy Same Same Same Policy Specialist in Industry and Trade SL. Dick K, Nanto Same Same Vacant Specialist in Resources and sL Claudia Copeland Same Same Same Environmental Policy ' Senior level positions listed are those occupied during fiscal year 2012. Previously occupied senior level positions are noted in st annual reports Mary Mazanee was detailed to this position from 04/03/11 to 1203/11 > Mary Mazanee was appointed to this postion on 12/04/11 ‘Richard C. Ehike was detailed to this position from 04/10/11 to 0825/12. Mary Mazanec was detailed to Director, Congressional Research Service from 04/03/11 to 12/03/11 Colleen Shogan was promoted to this position on 08/26/12. “Moniea Woods was temporarily promoted to this positon from 03/13/11 to 10/08/11 Monica Woods was promoted to this position on 10/09/11 * Pamela Jackson was detailed 0 this position from 04/10/t1 to 12/08/11 and from 08/26/12 nte 12/23/12. Colleen Shogan was detailed to Senior Advisor to the Director, Ofc of the Director from 04/10/11 to 12/05/11. ® Pamela Jackson was detailed to this position from 08/26/12 nte 1223/12. » Jeesiea Gerrty was temporarily promoted to this position from 08/14/11 to 12/11/11. Jeffrey Seifert was temporarily promoted to this position from 08/26/12 ne 12/23/12. Pamela Jackson was detailed to Assistant Director, Government and Finance Division from 04/10/11 to 12/05/11 and from 0826/12 nte 1223/12. "Richard C. Elke was detailed to Deputy Director, Congressional Research Service from 04/10/11 to 08/25/12. "Colleen Shogan was detailed to this position from 04/10/11 to 1208/11. ° Clay H. Wellborn retired on 11/0611. Dick K. Nanto retired on 11/06/1146 ING OF ALL SPECIALIST AND SENIOR SPECIALIST PERSONNEL ACTIONS IN FY2012 G. LI Richard C. Ehlke was detailed to Deputy Director, Congressional Research Service from 04/10/11 to 08/25/12. Jessica Gerrity was temporarily promoted to Deputy Assistant Director, Government and Finance Division from 08/14/11 to 12/11/11 Pamela Jackson was detailed to Assistant Director, Government and Finance Division from 04/10/11 to 12/05/11 and from 08/26/12 nte 12/23/12. Mary Mazanee was detailed to Director, Congressional Research Service from 04/03/11 to 12/03/11 and appointed to this position on 12/04/11. Dick K. Nanto retired on 11/06/11. Jeffrey Seifert was temporarily promoted to Deputy Assistant Director, Government and Finance Division from 08/26/12 nte 12/23/12. Colleen Shogan was detailed to Senior Advisor to the Director from 04/10/11 to 12/05/11 and was promoted to Deputy Director, Congressional Research Service on 08/26/12. c ‘lay H. Welborn retired on 11/06/11 Monica Woods was temporarily promoted to Associate Director, Office of Workforce Management and Development from 03/13/11 to 10/08/11 and promoted to this position on 10/09/11.47 H. LISTING OF ALL SENIOR LEVEL POSITION CHANGES IN FY2012 There were no changes in senior level positions in FY2012.1. NEW CRS PRODUCTS IN FY2012 This appendix contains CRS written and Web products prepared for the Congress in FY2012. The products are arranged alphabetically by selected categories and may appear in ‘more than one category. ‘The appendix lists CRS products available for congressional distribution as of September 30, 2012. (It does not include the many CRS products prepared at the specific request of individual Members of Congress. These products are not disseminated further without the permission of the requesting office.) Agriculture 2012 Farm Bill: Changing the Treatment of LIHEAP Receipt in the Calculation of SNAP Benefits, by Ranéy Alison Aussenberg and Libby Perl. TE ssn sonnnanns RAZSOL ‘Agricultural Conservation and the Next Farm Bill, by ‘Megan Stubbs. 18 p A093, Agricultural Trade, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Remy Jurenas, Coordinator, Carol Canada, J. Michael Donnelly, Ian F. Fergusson, Joel L. Greene, Ralph M. Chite, Charles E. Hanrahan, Melissa D. Ho, Renée Johnson, Randy ‘Schnepf, Carolyn C. Smith, Brock R. Williams, Emily C. Barbour and Jeanne J. Grimmett. 1p. 1842304 Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2013 “Appropriations, by Jim Monke. 36 p .. R42596 Agriculture Appropriations and Budget, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jim Monke, Coordinator, Tadlock Cowan, Megan Stubbs, Dennis A. Shields, Melissa D. Ho, Randy ‘Alison Aussenberg, Susan Thaul, Joel L. Greene and Renée Johnson. I p 1842319 Agriculture-Based Biofuels, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Randy Schnepf, Coordinator, Brent D. Yacobucci, Kelsi Bracmort, Cynthia Brougher, Phillip Brown, Adam Vann, Carol Canada, Lynn J. Cunningham, Ross W. Gorte, eter J. Meyer, Molly F. Sheriock, Fred Sissine, Ralph M. Chite and Richard J. ‘Campbell. 1 p 2 1842262 Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Tech- nology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by Lynn J. Cunningham, Brent D. Yacobucci, Bill Canis and Beth A. Roberts BBP nan “ A566 ‘Animal Agriculture, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Joel L. Greene, Coordinator, Dennis A. Shields, Tadlock Cowan, Renée Johnson, Ralph M, Chite, Kelsi Stubbs, Cyn Claudia Copeland and Remy Jurenas. Ip 1842263, Appropriations: CRS Experts, by Justin Murray and Jennifer B. Lake. 14 p sa RA2638 Bankrupt Farmer Sells Farm — Creditors Get all the Proceeds; He Must Pay the Taxes, by Carol A. Petit WSLGI24 Budget Issues Shaping @ 2012 Farm Bill, by Jim Monke. 13 p soon smonnnnns RAZABA Chemicals in Commerce, CRS Introductory State~ ‘ment on, by Linda-Jo Schierow, Coordinator, Robert Meltz, Robert Esworthy, James D. ‘Werner, Renée Johnson, Sarah A. Lister, ‘Margaret Mikyung Lee, Mary Tiemann, Claudia Copeland and Megan Stubbs. Tp € smn TS42266 Conservation Compliance and U.S. Farm Policy, by Megan Stubbs. 18 p 42459 Dairy Farm Support: Legislative Proposals in the 112th Congress, by Dennis A. Shields. DOP senna rnnnnne RAZOGS Dairy Policy Proposals in the 2012 Farm Bill, by Randy Schnepf. 26 p = RAQT36 Domestic Food Assistance: Summary of Programs, by Randy Alison Aussenberg and Kirsten J. Colel10. 16 P eanaenneners A353, Drought in the United States: CRS Experts, by Amy “Abel. 2p ‘ sen RA261O ‘The Farm Bill and Agricultural Policy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator, Kelsi Bracmort, Cynthia Brougher, Carol Canada, Tadlock Cowan, Lynn J. Cunningham, Ross W. Gorte, Joel L. Greene, Charles E. Hanrahan, Melissa D. Ho, Renée Johnson, Remy Jurenas, Lennard G. Kruger, Jim Monke, Randy ‘Schnepf, Daniel T. Shedd, Dennis A. Shields, Megan Stubbs and Randy’ Alison Aussenberg 2p. 1842273arm Bill: CRS Experts, by Ralph M, Chite. Dp Sista 42598 Farm Bill: Key Sources, by Laura A. Hanson and Carol Canad. .» WKS0013_ Overview Farm Safety Net Provisions in a 2012 Farm Bill: . 3240 and H.R. 6083, by Dennis A. Shields and Randy Schnepf. 16 p RA2759 Federal Programs Related to Indoor Pollution by Chemicals, by David M, Bearden and Linda-Jo Schierow. 38 p sms R42620 Food Safety, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Renée Johnson, Coordinator, Vanessa K. Burrows, Carol Canada, Tadlock Cowan, Joel L. Greene, Ralph M. Chite, Jim Monke, Linds- Jo Schierow, Daniel T. Shedd, Susan Thaul, Harold F, Upton, Cynthia Brougher and Sarah A Lister. 1 P vn 1842075 International Food Aid and Global Food Security, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Melissa D. Ho, Coordinator, Randy Schnepf, Carol Canada, Rebecea M. Nelson, Ralph M. Chite, Luisa Blanchfield, Susan B. Epstein, Alexandra E. Kendall, Marian Leonardo Lawson, Charles E, Hanrahan and Alexis Arieff. 1 p ... 1S42305 Lean Finely Textured Beef: The “Pink Slime” Controversy, by Joel L. Greene, 12 p .. R42473 Possible Extension or Expiration of the 2008 Farm Bill, by Jim Monke, Coordinator, Randy Alison ‘Aussenberg and Megan Stubbs. 18 p ... R42442 Previewing the Next Farm Bill, by Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator, Renée Johnson, Charles E. Hanrahan, Dennis A. Shields, Ross W. Gorte, ‘Megan Stubbs, Joel L. Greene, Remy Jurenas, Randy Schnepf, Randy Alison Aussenberg, Jim Monke and Tadlock Cowan. $3 p snw. RA2357 ‘The Role of Local Food Systems in U.S. Farm Policy, by Renée Johnson, Randy Alison Aussenberg and Tadlock Cowan. 49 p 4215S Safety Net Proposals for the 2012 Farm Bill, by Randy Sehnepf and Dennis A. Shields 17 42040 ‘The Senate Agriculture Committee’s 2012 Farm Bill (S. 3240): A Side-by-Side Comparison with Current Law, by Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator, Megan Stubbs, Charles E. Hanrahan, Randy ‘Alison Aussenberg, Remy Jurenas, Tadlock Cowan, Randy Schnepf, Renée Johnson, Joel L. Greene, Dennis A. Shields and Jim Monke. TBD se nnn RADSSZ ‘Sugar Program Proposals forthe 2012 Farm Bill, by Remy Jurenas. 4p 42551 Sugar Program: The Basics, by Remy Jurenas Opa Seeseln 42535 49 ‘The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Categorical Eligibility, by Randy Alison Aussenberg and Gene Falk. 15 p ..... R42054 ‘Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): ‘A Primer on Eligibility and Benefits, by Randy ‘Alison Aussenberg. 19 p ... we RA2SOS ‘Table Egg Production and Hen Welfare: The UEP- HSUS Agreement and H.R. 3798, by Tadlock Cowan and Joel L. Greene. 21 p nw R42534 ‘The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress, by Ian F. Fergusson, ‘Coordinator, Remy Jurenas, Brock R. Williams and William H. Cooper. $0 p 42694 ‘What Are “Technical Barriers to Trade”®, by Jeanne J. Grimmett : |. WSLG4S Appropriations and Budget ‘The 2013 NDAA: Will Congress Act Again on Wartime Detention Policy?, by Michael John Garcia... .. WSLG26 3rd FY2012 Continuing Resolution (through Decem- ber 16,2011), by Justin Murray ssn. ASTIOL 4th FY2012 Continuing Resolution (through Decem= ber 17, 2011), by Tustin Murray sn. ASTIO3 ‘Sth FY2012 Continuing Resolution (through Decem- ber 23, 2011), by Justin Murray ...... ASTIO4 Agriculture, by Justin Murray ... ASTIOS Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2013, ‘Appropriations, by Jim Monke. 36 p Agriculture Appropriations and Budget, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jim Monke, Coordinator, Tadlock Cowan, Megan Stubbs, Dennis A. Shields, Melissa D. Ho, Randy Alison Aussenberg, Susan Thaul, Joel L. Greene and Renée Johnson, 1 p mn... 1S42319 ‘An Analysis of STEM Education Funding atthe NSF: Trends and Policy Discussion, by Heather B. Gonzalez. 21 p -» RA2470 Appropriations: CRS Experts, by Justin Murray and Jennifer E. Lake. 14 p v= RA2638 Authorization of Appropriations: Procedural and Legal Issues, by Brian T. Yeh and Jessica Tollestrup. 12 p 42098 Budgetary Treatment of Federal Credit (Direct Loans ‘and Loan Guarantees): Concepts, History, and Issues for the 112th Congress, by James M. Bickley. 30 p 42632 ‘The Budget Control Act of 2011: Budgetary Effects of Proposals to Replace the FY2013 Sequester, by Mindy R. Levit. 8 p 42675 42596‘The Budget Control Act of 2011: The Effects on ‘Spending and the Budget Deficit When the ‘Automatic Spending Cuts Are Implemented, by Mare Labonte and Mindy R Levit lop sn RA2506 Budget Control Act: Potential Impact of Automatic ‘Spending Reduction Procedures on Health Reform, by C. Stephen Redhead. 12p R42051 ‘Budget for FY2013, CRS Introductory Statement ‘on, by D, Andrew Austin, Coordinator, James M. Biekley, Bill HeniffJr., Thomas L. ‘Hungerford, Marian Leonardo Lawson, Donald J, Marples, Marc Labonte, Megan Suzanne Lynch, Justin Murray, Thomas J, Nicola, Jessica Tollestrup, Amy Belasco and Mindy R. Levit. 1p . 1$42311 Budget Issues Shaping a 2012 Farm Bil, by Jim ‘Monke. 13 p RaD484 Budget Process Reform: Proposals and Legislative ‘ations in 2012, by Megan Suzame Lynch 8p. 42383, Budget “Sequesaton” and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules, by Karen Spar, Coordinator, Barbara L. Schwemle, David P. ‘Smole, Elayne J. Heisler, Jim Monke, Carmen ‘Solomon-Fears, Sidath Viranga Panangala, Julie M, Whittaker and Patricia A. Davis. 2p 42080 ‘The Buren of Prisons (BOP): Ope ‘Budget, by Nathan James. 17 p Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: President's FY2013 Budget, by Alison Mitchell, Coordinator, Paulette C. Morgan, Coordinator, Carol Rapaport, Wendy H. ‘Schacht, Scott R. Talaga, Sibyl Tilson, Elicia J Herz, Annie L. Mach, Evelyne P. Baumrucker, Cliff Binder, Patricia A. Davis, Gregg A. Girvan Janemarie Maly an Tim Hab 38p. 42368 ‘Commerce, Justice, and Science Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Nathan James, Coordinator, John F. Sargent Jt, William J. Krouse, Kristin M. Finklea, lan F. Fergusson, Harold F. Upton, Linda K. Moore, ‘Wendy H. Schacht, M. Angeles Villarreal, Daniel Morgan, Heather B. Gonzalez, Eugene Boyd, Dana A. Shea, Eugene H. Buck, Abigail B. Rudman, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Lisa M. Seghetti and Jennifer D. Williams. 1p snes ISA2NT3 Commeree, Justice, Seience, by Justin ‘Murray ASTLO6 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations, by John F. Sargent Jr, Coordinator, Jennifer D. Williams, 50 Coordinator, Nathan James, Coordinator, ‘Abigail B. Rudman, Carmen Solomon-Fears, William J. Krouse, Kristin M. Finklea, Lisa N. Sacco, lan F. Fergusson, Harold F. Upton, Linda K, Moore, Wendy H. Schacht, Eugene H. Buck, Dana A. Shea, Eugene Boyd, Heather B. Gonzalez, M. Angeles Villarreal and Daniel Morgan. $5 p R240 ‘The Congressional Appropriat ‘An Introduction, by Jessica Tollestrup. DBP son RAD388 cetera Cling Aeon ‘Act, 2012 (Minibus), by Justin Murray AST102 ‘Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components ‘and Recent Practices, by Jessica Tollestrup. 29p 42647 Defeat, by Justin Mara ASTIOT Defense Authorization and Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Pat Towel, Coordinator, Amy Belasco, Stephen Daggett, Nese F, DeBruyne, Daniel Hl Else, Jennifer K. Elsea, Andrew Feickert, Michael John Garcia, Jeremiah Gertler, Richard F. Grimmett, Charles ‘A. Henning, Steven A. Hildreth, R, Chuck ‘Mason, Thomas J. Nicola, Ronald O*Rourke, ‘Nina M. Serafino, Amy F. Woolf, Gary J Pagliano and D. Andrew Austin. 1 p . 1S42205 Defense: FY2013 Authorization and Appropriations, by Pat Towell. 65 p rene RAZOOT Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: A ‘Summary of the House- and Senate-Reported for FY2013,by Willa [Pits i 42557 Department of Homeland Secutiy: FY2013 Appropriations, by William L. Painter, Coordinator, Jerome P. Bjelopera, Mare R. Rosenblum, Alison Siskin, Bart Elias, John Frittelli, John D. Moteff, Shawn Reese, Sarah ‘A. Lister, Natalie Keegan, Lennard G. Kruger, Bruce R. Lindsay, Francis X. MeCarthy, William A. Kandel, Daniel Morgan, Jennifer E. Lake and Barbara L. Schwemle. 94 p... R42644 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): Funding Trends Since FY2002, by Maggie McCarty. 15 p wwosennnsn RA2SA2 Depurtient of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2013 Appropriations, by Maggie McCarty, Coordinator, Eugene Boyd, Katie ones and Libby Perl. 19 p 1RA2S17 DHS Headquarters Consolidation Project: Issues for Congress, by William L. Painter. 28 p R42753 Energy and Water, by Justin Mutray um ASTIOB8 Energy and Water Development Appropriations, ‘CRS Introductory Statement on, by Carl E.Behrens, Coordinator, Betsy A. Cody, Jonathan Medalia, Richard J. Campbell, Anthony ‘Andrews, Carol Glover, Charles V. Stem, David M. Bearden, Fred Sissine, Mark Holt, Daniel Morgan and Brent D. Yacobucci, TP emer swe 1SAZITL Eneray and Water Development: FY2013 “Appropriations, by Carl E. Behrens, Coordinator, Fred Sissine, Charles V. Stem, Jonathan Medalia, David M. Bearden, Carol Glover, Mark Holt, Daniel Morgan and ‘Anthony Andrews. 58 p . - RAB Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): “Appropriations for FY2013, by Robert Esworthy, David M. Bearden, Mary Tiemann, Jane A. Leggett, James E. McCarty and Claudia Copeland. 36 p 42520 Environmental Protection Agency FY2012 “Anproprnions, by Rober Eswory 36 Pen 42332 ‘An Examination of Federal Disser Relief Under the Budget Control Act, by Bruce R. Lindsay, Franes X. MeCarthy and Wiliam L Pair 16p 42352 ‘The Executive Budget Process: An Overview, by ‘Michelle D. Christensen. 13 p RA2633 act Sheet: The FY2013 State and Foreign ‘Operations Budget Request, by Susan B. Epstein, Alex L. Tiersky and Marian Leonardo Lawson. 9 p sow RA2A29 ‘The Federal Budget: Issues for FY2013 and Beyond, by Mindy R. Levit, 20 p 42362 Financial Services, by Justin Murray ou. AST1O9 Financial Services and General Government “Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Garrett Hatch, Coordinator, Mark P. Sullivan, Nils Bjorksten, Jessica C. Gerrity, Jennifer E. Lake, Donald J, Marples, Adam ‘Stoll, Vincent Morelli, Gary J. Pagliano, Glenn J. McLoughlin, Gerald Mayer, Gary Guenther, R. Sam Garrett, Barbara L. Schwemle, David F. Burrelli, Eugene Boyd, Robert Jay Dilger, Kevin J. Coleman, Kevin R. Kosar, Wendy Ginsberg, L. Elaine Halchin, Patricia Moloney Figliola, Darryl E. Getter and Jefifey W. Seifert. 2p 1842246 Financial Services and General Government: A ‘Summary of the President's FY2013 Budget Request, by Garrett Hatch. 8 p 42476 Financial Services and General Government: FY2013 Appropriations, by Garrett Hatch. 7p RA2730, ‘The “Fiscal Cliff,” CRS Introductory Statement on, by Mindy R. Levit, Coordinator, Patricia A. Davis, Jane G. Gravelle, Jim Hahn, Bill Heniff J, Thomas L. Hungerford, Katelin P. Isaacs, Mare Labonte, Steven Maguire, Kate M. Manuel, Jim Monke, Janemarie Mulvey, Dayn ‘Nuschler, C. Stephen Redhead, Christine Scott, Julie M. Whittaker, Donald J, Marples and Margot L. Crandall-Hollick. 1 p...... IS42689 ‘The “Fiscal Cliff": Macroeconomic Consequences of ‘Tax Increases and Spending Cuts, by Jane G. Gravelle. 19 p 42700 Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2013 Appropriations and Policy, by M. Lynne Com. 9p... RA2466 Fund for “Gifts to the United States for Reduction of the Public Debt": Current Law and Pro- posed Legislation, by James M. Bickley. 3p aan 42088 FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Diseretionary Appropriations Lexislation, by Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator, Karen E, Lynch, Maggie MoCarty, Jim Monke, William L. Painter, David Randall Peterman, Garret Hatch, Cari E. Behrens Ida A, Brudniek, Daniel H. Else, Carol Hardy Vincent, Nathan James and Pat Tovell lp 42082 FY2012 Status Table of Appropriations, by Justin Murray, Jared Conrad Nagel and Merete F. Getli . AppropriationsStatusTable_2012 FY2013 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO ‘Availabli,by Jared Conrad Nagel TB on 1» RADSB4 FY2013 Budget Resolution, by Justin Murray nee ASTIVT FY2013 Budget Resolution, by Justin Murray .. . ASTIH9. FY2013 Budget Résokton, by Sutin Murray AST120 72013 Budget Rolo, by Jasin Murray ASTI21 FY2013 Budget Resolution, by Justin Murray . ._ ASTI22, FY2013 Continuing Resolution, by Justin Murray .. ASTIIS Y2013 Continuing Resolution (ihrough March, 2013), by Justin Murray ASTI23 FY2013 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke, Catherine Dale, Stephen Daggett and Charles A. Henning .. WREO0044 FY2013 Defense Budget Request: Overview and Context, by Pat Towell and Stephen Daggett. 20p _ RA2489 FY2013 International Affairs Budget: Issues for Congress, by Susan B. Epstein,Jeremy M. Sharp and Marian Leonardo Lawson .. sonnee WREOOOSS F¥2013 National Defense Authorization Act Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues, by Lawrence Kapp, Coordinator, Fenwick Gilroy, Don J. Jansen, David F, Burrelli and Catherine A. Theohary. 38 p A265 Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF): ‘Summary and Issue Overview, by Nina M. Serafino. 12 p RAQ641 Highlights of Three FY2013 Budget Proposals for the ‘Human Resources “Superfunction”: Education, ‘Training, Social Services, Health, Income Security, and Veterans, by Karen Spar and Gene Faik. $0 p sox RA260S Homeland Security, by Justin Murray ASTILO Homeland Security Appropriations, CRS Introdue- tory Statement on, by William L. Painter, Coor- dinator, Jennifer E. Lake, Coordinator, Bart Elias, John Frittelli, Lennard G. Kruger, Jerome P. Bjelopera, Francis X. MeCarthy, Sarah A. Lister, William A. Kandel, John D. Mote‘, Daniel Morgan, Natalie Keegan, Shawn Reese, Barbara L. Schwemle, Mare R. Rosenblum and Bruce R. Lindsay. 1p 1842248 Housing Issues in the 112th Congress, by Katie Jones, Coordinator, Darryl E. Getter, Maggie ‘MeCarty, N. Eric Weiss, Sean M. Hoskins, ‘Mark P. Keightley and David H. Carpenter. 22 Pn Raz145 ‘The Impact of Budget pone Tesla Bonds, by Steven Maguire. 13 wan... R42396 Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces ‘Abroud, 1798-2012, by Ricard F, Grimes, 35p.. .- RAQT3B, Interior and Environment, by Just Murray ASTI susie, gal ale Agencia Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Carol Hardy Vincent, Coordinator, Kelsi Bracmort, Kori Calvert, M. Lynne Corn, Robert Esworthy, R. Sam Garrett, Ross W. Gorte, Elayne J. Heisler, Marc Humphries, ‘Shannon S, Loane, Pervaze A. Sheikh, Jane M. Smith, CharesV. Stem, Amy Abe and David M. Bearden. 1 p sone TSA2320 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations, by Carol Hardy Vincent, Coordinator, R. Sam Garrett, Elayne J. Heisler, Marc Humphries, Nathan James, Shannon 8, Loane, Pervaze A. Sheikh, David M. Bearden, Kelsi Bracmort, M. Lynne Corn, Cassandria Dortch and Robert Esworthy. 3 Po 1 RADS2S 52 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2013 Appropriations Preliminary Overview, by Karen E. Lynch, Coordinator, David H. Bradley, Gail MeCallion, Pamela W. Smith and Scott Szymendera. 32 p 42588 Labor, HHS, and Education, by Justin Murray ASTIIZ Labor, HHS, ad Education Appropriation, CRS ‘Introductory Statement on, by Karen E. Lynch, David H. Bradley, Melinda Gish, Pamela W. Smith, Seo Szymendea and Gil Mallon Ties 1842183, Legislative Branch, by Justin Murray ASTIIS Legislative Branch Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Ida A. Brudnick, Coordinator, Jessica C. Gerrty, Jacob R. Straus, R. Eric Petersen and Matthew Eric Glassman. Ip. i 1842260 Legislative Branch: FY2013 Appropriations, by Ida A. Brudnick. 24 p .. RA2500 Major Fiscal Issues Before Congress in FY2013, by Mindy R. Levit, Coordinator, Julie M. ‘Whittaker, Janemarie Mulvey, Molly F. Sherlock and Jim Hahn. 18 p Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Daniel H. Else, Coordinator, Sidath Viranga Panangala, Gary J, Pagliano and Christine Scott. 1 p . : 142218 Military Construction: A Snapshot of the Presidents 2013 Appropriations Request, by Daniel A654 EIS. 4 P sn RAD3T6 Military Construction-Veterans Affairs, by Justin Murray ASTIIA Military Construction, Veterans (airs, and Related ‘Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations, by Daniel 1H, Else, Sidath Viranga Panangala and Christine Scott. 29 p . vw RA2586 ‘National Park Service: Recent Appropriations ‘Trends, by Laura B. Comay. 17 p.. COffets, Supplemental Appropriations and the Disaster Relief Fund: FY1990-FY2012, by William L. Painter. 17 p .. RA2458 Options to Reduce the Federal Budget Deficit, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Mindy R. Levit, Coordinator, Patricia A. Davis, Jane G. Gravelle, Bill Heniff Jr, Thomas L. Hungerford, Donald J. Marples, Megan Suzanne Lynch, Janemarie Mulvey, Justin Murray, Dawn Nuschler, Alison M Shelton, Molly F. Sherlock, D. Andrew Austin and Mare Labonte, 1p - 1842300 An Overview and Comparison of Senate Proposals to Extend the “Bush Tax Cuts”: S. 3412 and 427875.2413, by Mago L. Crandall Holic, 17 42622, Overview of Health Care Changes in FY2013 Budget, Proposal Offered by House Budget Committee Chairman Ryan, by Patricia A. Davis, ‘Bernadette Fernandez and Alison Mitchell. Bp A244 ‘An Overview of Tax Provisions Expiring in 2012, by ‘Margot L. Crandall-Hollick. 26 p ..... RA2485 Selected Agency Budget Justifications for FY2013, by Justin Murray. 3 p 42453 ‘State and Foreign Operations Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator, Curt Tamoff, Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Alexandra E. Kendall, Amy Belasco, Luisa Blanchfield, Marjorie Ann Browne, Dianne E. Rennack, Lisa Mages, ‘Susan G. Chesser, Rebecca M. Nelson, Melissa D. Ho, Charles E. Hanrahan, Richard K. Lattanzio, Julie Kim, Ralph M. Chite, James D. ‘Wemer, Mary A. Irace and Susan B. Epstein. Ip . 1842227 state Foreign Operations by sin Marey ASTI1S State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2013 Budget and Appropriations, by Susan B. Epstein, Alex Tiersky and Marian Leonardo Lawson. 32 P ean ronnens 42621 A Sustainable Budget Deficit: Overview of Major Expiring Policies in 2011 and 2012 and Their Budgetary Impact, by Margot L. Crandall- Hollick. 9 p RAQ117 ‘Transportation and HUD Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Maggie ‘McCarty, Coordinator, David Randall Peterman, Coordinator, Melinda Gish and ‘Mare Levinson. 1 p .. 1842193, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies: FY2012 Appropriations, by Maggie McCarty and David Randall Peterman, 22 P visu 42149 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, ‘and Related Agencies (THUD): FY2013 “Appropriations, by David Randall Peterman ‘and Maggie MeCarty. 22 p ... 1 42578, Transportion-HUD, by Justin Murray ASTIIG Veterans Affairs: A Preliminary Analysis of the FY2013 Budget Proposal, by Sidath Viranga Panangala and Christine Scott. 10 p ... R42408 Veterans’ Medical Care: FY2013 Appropriations, by Sidath Viranga Panangala. 21 p Rd2518 ‘The Violence Against Women Act: Overview, Legislation, and Federal Funding, by Lisa N. Sacco. 32p A249 Defense ‘The 2013 NDAA: Will Congress Act Again on ‘Wartime Detention Poliey?, by Michael ot Garcia WSLG26 8(a) Program for Minority Owned Small Businesses: Facially Constitutional But Potentially Vatnerable to As-Aplid Challenges, by Kate M, Manuel... vnsnanae WSLG213 Afhanistn-Pakstan, RS Inpoducory Statement on, by K. Alan Kronstadt, Coordinator, Kenneth Katzman, Coordinator, Susan B. Epstein, Ben Dolven, Rhoda Margesson, Moshe Schwartz, Curt Tamoff, Liana Sun ‘Wyler, Zoe Danon, Catherine Dale, Amy Belasco and Hussein D. Hassan. I p .. 1842302 Appropriations: CRS Experts, by Justin Murray and Jennifer E. Lake. 14 p A638 Arms Control, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Amy F. Woolf, Coordinator, Nathan J. Lucas, Mary Beth Nikitin, Paul K. Kerr and Jonathan Medalia. 1p . 1842196 Arms Sales and Military Exports, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Richard F, Grimmett, Coordinator, Shirley A. Kan, George Mangan, ‘Nathan J. Lucas, Christopher M. Blanchard and Paul K. Kerr. 1p . 142197 Army Drawdown and Restructuring: Background and Issues for Congress, by Andrew Feiekert and Charles A. Henning. 28 p 1 RA2493 ‘The Arsenal Act: Context and Legislative History, by Daniel H. Else. 10 p 42062 Benefits for Veterans, CRS Introductory Statement ‘on, by Sidath Viranga Panangala, Coordinator, David H. Bradley, Carol D. Davis, Casandria Dortch, lnma E. Arispe, Umar Moulta-Ali, Libby Perl Christine Scot, Daniel T. Shedd, Mary Vennetta Wright, Erin Bagalman and Don J. Jansen. 1 p vee ISA2169 Building Civilian Interagency Capacity for Missions Abroad: Key Proposals and Issues for Congress, by Nina M. Serafino, Pat Towel! and Catherine Dale. 82 p 42133 ‘Can Unauthorized Aliens Granted Deferred Action Enlist in the Armed Forees?, by Margaret Mikyung Lee ‘WSLGI76 ‘Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congres, by Ronald O'Rourke, 49D . R42567 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations, by John F. Sargent J., Coordinator, Jennifer D. Williams, Coordinator, Nathan James, Coordinator, Abigail B. Rudman, Carmen Solomon-Fears, William J. Krouse, Kristin M, Finklea, Lisa N.Sacco, lan F. Fergusson, Harold F. Upton, Linda K. Moore, Wendy H. Schacht, Eugene H. Buck, Dana A. Shea, Eugene Boyd, Heather B. Gonzalez, M. Angeles Villarreal and Daniel Morgan. 55 p : Ra2440 Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2004-2011, by Richard F. Grimmett and Paul K. Kerr. 85 p RA2678 Conventional Weapons and Military Equipment, ‘CRS Introductory Statement on, by Andrew Feickert, Coordinator, Jeremiah Gertler, Vincent Morelli, Car! Ek, Paul K. Kerr, Nathan J. Lucas, Ronald O’Rourke and Steven A. Hildreth. 1p . 1842203, Countering Violent Extremism in the United States, by Jerome P. Bjelopera. 29 p 42553 (hiss in Mali by Aleis Arieff and Kelly Tohnson 16p . RAZ664 Cybercrime: Conceptual Issues for Gegpenrad USS, Law Enforcement, by Catherine A. ‘Theohary and Kristin M. Finklea, 26 p R42547 Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources, by Rita Tehan. 51 p .. 42507 Cybersecurity: CRS Experts, by Erie A. Fischer. 4 p . RA2619 Cybersecurity, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Erie A. Fischer, Coordinator, Catherine A. ‘Theohary, Coordinator, Patricia Moloney Figliola, Kristin M. Finklea, Wendy Ginsberg, Nathan J. Lucas, Edward C. Liu, John D. Moteff, John Rollins, John F. Sargent Jr, ‘Alison M, Smith, Gina Stevens, Brian T. Yeb, Charles Doyle, Richard J. Campbell and Lennard G. Kruger. 1 p .. 1842296 Cybersecurity: Selected Legal Issues, by Edward C. ‘Liu, Gina Stevens, Richard M. Thompson Il Alissa M. Dolan and Kathleen Ann Ruane. 4ip 42409 Defense Aoqison, CRS Inrodutory Statement on, by Valerie Builey Grasso, Coordinator, Daniel H. Else, Ronald O'Rourke, Wendy Ginsberg, Baird Webel, Gary J. Pagliano, Anthony “Andres, Jennifer K. Elsee, Erika K. Lunder, Kate M. Manuel, John R. Luckey, Moshe Schwartz and Scot Szymendera. |p . 1842204 Defense Authorization and Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Pat Towell, Coordinator, Amy Belasco, Stephen Daggett, Nese F. DeBruyne, Daniel H. Else, Jennifer K. Elsea, Andrew Feickert, Michael John Garcia, Jeremiah Gertler, Richard F. Grimmett, Charles ‘A. Henning, Steven A. Hildreth, R. Chuck Mason, Thomas J. Nicola, Ronald O"Rourke, ‘Nina M, Serafino, Amy F. Woolf, Gary J. Pagliano and D, Andrew Austin. |p .. 1842205 54 Defense: FY2013 Authorization and Appropriations, by Pat Towell. 65 p . RA2607 Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke, Moshe Schwartz and Katherine Blakeley. $4 p Department of Defense Implementation of the Federal Data Center Consolidation Initiative: Implications for Federal Information Technology Reform Management, by Patricia Moloney Figliola, Coordinator, Anthony Andrews and Erie A. Fischer. 21 p .... R42604 Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Discussion of Proposed Revision, by Ere A. Fiche 4p RAQI4 Firearms at Army Corps Water Resources Projects: Proposed Legislation and Issues for Congress, by Nicole T. Carter. 7 p 42602 Fist Circuit tikes Down DOMA, by Alison M ‘Smith snes WSLGSS FLU Preview: Drones — Use Inside the U.S. and Abroad, by Richard M. ‘Thompson It WSLG203 FY2013 Defense Budge: sues for Congres, by Ronald O'Rourke, Catherine Dale, Stephen Daggett and Charles A. Henning ... WREO0044 FY2013 Defense Budget Request: Overview and Context, by Pat Towell and Stephen Dageett. 20p . RAZAS9 Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCI ‘Summary and Issue Overview, by Nina M. RADSS Serafino. 12 p .. RAQ641 Guantanamo Detainees’ Bar Wins One, by Jennifer K. BI8€8 nsnmonnnnnnnnananes WSLG226 Health Care for Veterans: Answers to Frequently ‘Asked Questions, by Erin Bagalman and Sidath ‘Viranga Panangala. 23 p .. A247 ‘A Historical Perspective on “Hollow Forces,” by Stephen Dagget and Ancrew Fecker. 19. RA2334 In Brief: Assessing DOD's New Strategic Guid- ‘ance, by Pat Towell and Catherine Dale. 8p. 42146 In Brief: Clarifying the Concept of “Partnership” in National Securiy, by Catherine Dae, 3p row 42516 Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces ‘Abroad, 1798-2012, by Richard F. Grimmet 35 Po RATE ‘Tha ateligene Appropriations Prose: ols for Congress, by Richard A. Best Jr. 18p . 1 RA2061Intelligence, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Gary J, Pagliano, Coordinator, Amy Belasco, John Rollins, Andrew Feickert, Jeremiah Gertler, Catherine A. Theohary, Liana Sun ‘Wyler, George Mangan, L. Elaine Halchit Michael John Garcia, Gina Stevens, Jerome P. Bjelopera, Charles Doyle, Jennifer K. Elsea, Patricia Moloney Figliola, Todd Garvey, Kristin M. Finklea, William J. Krouse, Mare R. Rosenblum, Nathan J. Lucas, Carrie N. Lyons and Richard F. Grimmer. 2p. . 1842310 International Security and Agencies’ Roles, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Nina M. Serafino, Coordinator, lan F. Fergusson, Henry B. Hogue, Marian Leonardo Lawson, Lisa ‘Mages, Rhoda Margesson, R. Chuck Mason, Lauren Ploch, John Rollins, Barbara L. Schwemile, Moshe Schwartz, Curt Tarnoff, Pat ‘Towell, Matthew C. Weed, Martin A. Weiss, Liana Sun Wyler, Julie Kim, Marjorie Ann Browne, Stephen Daggett, Catherine Dale, Jennifer K. Elsea, Susan B. Epstein, Andrew Feickert, Michael John Garcia and Richard F. Grimmett.2 p 1842212 Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress, by Lennard G. Kruger. 19 .. 42351 Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) ‘and Marine Personnel Carier (MPC): Background and Issues for Congress by ‘Andrew Feickert. 1 p 42723 Military Construction and Veterans Affairs “Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Daniel H, Else, Coordinator, Sidath Viranga Panangala, Gary J Pasiano and Christine Scot. 1p "1842218 Military Construction: A Snapshot ofthe Presents FY2013 Appropriations Request, by Daniel H. Else. 4p Ss RAQST6 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related ‘Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations, by Daniel H. Else, Sidath Viranga Panangala and Christine Scott. 29 p ... Military Personnel and Compensation, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Lawrence Kapp, Coordinator, David F. Burrelli, Don J, Jansen, Sidath Viranga Panangala, Gary J. Pagliano, R. Chuck Mason, Cassandria Dortch, Julie M. ‘Whittaker, Barbara Salazar Torreon, Nese F. DeBruyne, Charles A. Henning and Christine Scott. Ip » 1842219 Military Retirement Reform: A Review of Proposals ‘and Options for Congress, by Charles A. Henning. 25 p 42586 42087 55 Military Strategy, Operations, and Force Structure, RS Introductory Statement on, by Andrew Feickert, Coordinator, Catherine Dale, Jennifer K. Elsea, Michael John Garcia, Jeremiah Gertler, Nathan J. Lucas, Lawrence Kapp, Paul K. Kerr, Ronald O"Rourke, John Rollins, Nina M. Serafino, Catherine A. Theohary, ‘Stephen Daggett and Richard F. Grimmett. Ip = . 1842220 ‘The National Defense Authorization Act for FY2012: Detainee Matters, by Michael John Garcia and Jennifer K. Elsea. 31 p RADM3 ‘The Navy Biofuel Initiative Under the Defense Production Act, by Kelsi Bracmort, Jared T. Brown, Daniel H. Else and Anthony Andrews. 19p.. RA2S68 ‘Nuclear Weapons: U.S. Posture and Programs, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Amy F. Woolf, ‘Coordinator, George Mangan, Nathan J. Lucas and Jonathan Medalia. 1 p 1842222 Online Copyright Infringement and Counterfeiting: Legation in he 112th Congress, by Brin 7. Yeh. 25 p RA2112 (Overview of the Appeal Process for Veterans” Claims, by Daniel T. Shedd. 18 p ... R42609 Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Aid Conditions, Restrictions, and Reporting Requirements, by K. Alan Kronstadt and Susan B. Epstein. 13 p . RA2116 Performance of Inherently Governmental and Critical Functions: The Obama Administra tion's Final Policy Letter, by Kate M. Manuel, Erika K. Lunder and L. Elaine Halchin. 28p.. v» RA2039 Pipeline Cybersecurity: Federal Poy, by Pal W arfornak. 10 p RA2660 Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama Administration's “Rebalancing” Toward Asia, by Mark E. Manyin, Coordinator, Bruce Vaughn, Ronald ‘O'Rourke, Michael F. Martin, Susan V. Lawrene, Ben Dolven an Stephen Degas 29p Ra2448 ‘The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act ‘of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill): Primer and Issues, by Cassandria Dortch, 30 p A275 Proliferation of Precision Strike: Issues for Congress, by Randy Huiss, 40 p 42539 ‘The Purple Heart: Background and Issues for Congress, by Fenwick Gilroy and David F. Burrell. 11. sw» RADTOA Rare Earth Elements: Markets, Policies, and National Security, by Valerie Bailey Grasso WREO00S0 Reauthorization of the FISA Amendments Act, by Edward C. Liu. 10 p RAQ725SBA Veterans Assistance Programs: An Analysis of Contemporary Issues, by Sean Lowry and Robert Jay Dilger. 26 p 42695 ‘Smart Meter Data: Privaey and Cybersecurity, by Brandon J. Murrill, Richard M. Thompson I and Edward C. Liu. 45 p R42338 Suicide Prevention Efforts of the Veterans Health ‘Administration, by Erin Bagalmar 1B Po 42340 ‘Supreme Court Denies Cert. Petitions in Several ‘Guantanamo Habeas Cases, by Michael John Garcia . ms WSLG70 “Surge Recovery” and Next x Steps inthe War in ‘Afghanistan: In Brief, by Catherine Dale. TP ms RAQI37 ‘Ten Years after 9-11: The U.S. Response, by Shawn ‘Reese, Bart Elias, Sarah A. Lister and Frank Gottron ‘WRE00038 ‘Terrorism and Counterterrorism Policy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by John Rollins, Coordinator, Alexis Arieff, Jennifer K. Elsea, George Mangan, Lisa Mages, Martin A. ‘Weiss, Lauren Ploch, Jeremy M. Sharp, Edward C. Liu, William L. Painter, Charles Doyle, Paul K. Kerr, Julie Kim, Jerome P. Bjelopera, Jonathan Medalia, Frank Gottron, Kenneth Katzman, Mark E. Manyin, K. Alan Kronstadt, Bruce Vaughn, Ted Dagne, ‘Susan B. Epstein, Jim Zanotti, Shirley A. Kan, Christopher M. Blanchard, Andrew Feickert and Liana Sun Wyler. 2 p .... 1842229 ‘The Unified Command Plan and Combatant Commands: Background and Issues for Congress, by Andrew Feickert. 65 p ... R42077 USS, Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 20032010, by Richard F Grimmett. 6 p snes RAZH21 USS. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 2004-2011 by Richard F Grimmett. 6 p 42737 USS. Defense Articles and Services Supplied to Foreign Recipients: Restrictions on Their Use, by Richard F. Grimmett. 7 p ADRS US. Unmanned Aerial ystems, by Jeremiah Geter. 0p vv RAZIZ6 VA Housing: Guaranteed Loans, Direct Loans, and Specially Adapted Housing Grants, by Libby Perl, 38 pene sanns RAZSO4 Veterans’ Medical Care: FY2013 Appropriations, by Sidath Viranga Panangala, 21 pcan. RA2518 ‘The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Eight ‘Years, by Richard F. Grimmett. 84 p .. R42699 56 Wartime Contracting in Afghanistan: Analysis and Issues for Congress, by Moshe Schwartz. 1p. A084 “Who is a Veteran?” — Basic Eligibility for Veterans’ Benefits, by Christine Scott, Tp 42324 WMD and Missile Proliferation, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Mary Beth Nikitin, Coordi- nator, Amy F. Woolf, Dianne E. Rennack, Jonathan Medalia, Shirley A. Kan, Paul K. Kerr and Steven A. Hildreth. 1 p 1842231 ‘Wormen in Combat sus for Congress, by Davi F. Burreli. 10 p . RA2075 Economy, Finanee, and Recovery 2012 Farm Bill: Changing the Treatment of LIHEAP. Receipt in the Calculation of SNAP Benefits, by Randy Alison Aussenberg and Libby Perl Ip 7 42591 8(a) Program for Minority Owned Small Businesses: Facially Constitutional But Potentially ‘Vulnerable to As-Applied Challenges?, by Kate M, Manuel ‘WSLG213 Ability to Repay, Risk-Retention Standards, and “Mortgage Credit Access, by Darryl E. Getter. 1Sp : “ R42056 Agencies Act on Important Dodd-Frank Derivatives Requirements, by Michael V. Seitzinger .. ‘WSLGIS1 ‘Agricultural Conservation and the Next Farm Bill, by Megan Stubbs. 18 p 42093 ‘Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2013. Appropriations, by Jim Monke, 36 p .. R42596 ‘An Analysis of the “Buffett Rule,” by Thomas L, Hungerford. 11 p 1 RA2043, ‘Automobile and Truck Fuel Economy (CAFE) and Greenhouse Gas Standards, by Brent D. Yacobucci, Richard K. Lattanzio and Bill Canis. 12 p Ra2721 Bankruptcy in a Distressed Economy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Carol A. Petit, Coordinator, Marie B, Morris, Edward C. Liu, Edward V. Murphy, David H. Carpenter and ‘Vastine D. Platte. 1p wns 1842160 Bankrupt Farmer Sells Farm — Creditors Get all the Proceeds; He Must Pay the Taxes, by Carol A. Petit WSLGI24 A Brief Overview of Actions Taken by the Con- ‘sumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) ints First Year, by Sean M. Hoskins Sp 42615‘The Budget Control Act of 2011: The Effects on Spending and the Budget Deficit When the ‘Automatic Spending Cuts Are Implemented, by Mae Labonte ad Mindy . Lev Top. 42506 Budget Issues Shaping a 2012 Farm Bill, by Jim Monke. 13 p 42484 Budget “Sequestration” and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules, by Karen Spar, Coordinator, Barbara L. Schwemle, David P. Smole, Elayne J. Heisler, Jim Monke, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Sidath Viranga Panangala, Julie M. Whittaker and Patricia A. Davis 2p 42050 ‘Business and Industry, CRS Introductory Statement ‘on, by Suzanné M. Kirchhoff, Coordinator, Robert 8. Kirk, Paul W. Parfomak, David Randall Peterman, Robert Pirog, Michaela D. Platzer, Wendy H. Schacht, Molly F. Sherlock, Gary Shorter, Rachel Tang, Baird Webe!, N. Brie Weiss, Brent D. Yacobucei, Mare Levinson, Anthony Andrews, Richard J. Campbell, Bill Canis, Bart Elias, Bemadette Fernandez, John Frittelli, Angele A. Gilroy, Charles B. Goldfarb, Glennon J. Harrison, ‘Mark Holt, William J, Mallett and Linda K. Moore. 2p 1842265 Canadian Oil Sands: Life-Cycle Assessments of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, by Richard K Lattanzio. 26 p . snmnes RAZS3T Changes in the Distribution of Income Among "Tax Filers Between 1996 and 2006: The Role of Labor Income, Capital Income, and Tax Policy, by Thomas. Hungerford 9p : Changes tothe Resident] Mortgage Markt: Legislation, Demographics, and Other Drivers, byN. Eric Weiss. 26 P ven A257 China's Banking System: Issues for Congress, by ‘Michael F. Martin. 47 p *R42380 The Commercial Space Industry and Launch Market, ‘by Glennon J. Harrison. 33 p 42492 ‘Community and Regional Economic Development, by Eugene Boyd, Coordinator, Robert Jay Dilger, Julius C. Jefferson Jr, Steven Maguire, Mary Tiemann, Carolyn V. Torsell, David M. Bearden, Cassandria Dortch, Lennard G. Kruger, Edward V. Murphy, Robert Meltz, Tadlock Cowan and Jennifer E. Lake Tiphanin 1842235 Conservation Compliance and U.S. Farm Policy, bby Megan Stubbs. 18 p 42459 ‘The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB): ‘A Legal Analysis, by David H, Carpenter 27p 1 R42572 RAQ131 37 Consumer Protection, CRS Introductory Statement ‘on, by David H. Carpenter, Coordinator, Margaret Mikyung Lee, Coordinator, Sean M. Hoskins, Katie Jones, Sarah A. Lister, Carrie ‘N. Lyons, Brandon J. Murill, M. Maureen Murphy, C. Stephen Redhead, Linda-Jo ‘Schierow, Jane M. Smith, Gina Stevens, Jeanne M, Dennis, Gary Guenther, Vivian S. Chu and Edward C. Liu. | p 1842163 Comporate and International Taxation, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Mark P. Keightley, Coordinator, Jane G. Gravelle, ‘Thomas L. Hungerford, Donald J. Marples, Carol A. Pettit, Molly F. Sherlock, Erika K {Lander James M, Biekey and Gary Guenter. 1p .- 1842312 Corporate Financial Integrity, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Gary Shorter, Coordinator, Michael V. Seitzinger, Nils Bjorksten and Rena S. Miller. 1 p .- 1842236 ‘The Corporate Income Tax System: Overview and Options for Reform, by Molly F. Sherlock and Mark P. Keightley. 34 p w- RAZTI6 Credit Union Commercial Business Lending: Key Issues for Legislation in the 112th Congress, by Darryl E. Getter. 11 p RADS74 ‘Crowdfunding and the Exemption for Small Firms from Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Requremenn, by Micheal Seitzinger. 4p . 42060 Dairy Policy Proposals inthe 2012 Far Bll, by Randy Schnepf. 26 p 42736 Data Security Breach Notification Laws, by Gina Stevens. 20 p RA2475 “Death by a Thousand Meetings”? California's New Initiative to Limit Municipal Bankruptcies, by Carol A. Pettit snsnanan WSLGI25 Dectaring Fiscal Emergency, San Bernardino Plans to Bypass California's Mediation Rrooess and Proceed to Chapter 9, by Cara, Pettit WSLG137 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Highiged Actives, by Jonathan L. Ramseur. 9 p RA2371 Delphi Corporation: Pension Plans and Bankruptcy, ‘by John J. Topoleski. 8 p 42076 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2013 Appropriations, by Maggie McCarty, Coordinator, Eugene Boyd, Katie Tones and Libby Perl. 19 p 42517 Derivatives Legislation in the 112th Congress, bby Mark Jickling and Rena S. Miller. 6p... Ra2129 Disaster Risk Financing, CRS Tnoductory Statement on, by Rawle O. King, Coordinator, CynthiaBrougher, Jared 7. Brown, Peter Folger, Ross 'W, Gorte, Natalie Keegan, Robert 8. Kirk, Bruce R. Lindsay, Edward C. Liu, Francis X. ‘MeCarthy, Justin Murray, Dennis A. Shields, Megan Stubbs, Jennifer Teefy, Carolyn V. Torsell, Nils Bjorksten and Eugene Boyd. 2p. 1842303, Domestic Food Assistance: Summary of Programs, by Randy Alison Aussenberg and Kirsten J Colello. 16 p ... rv RAQ3S3 Drought in the United States: CRS SEs by Amy ‘Abel. 2p. RA2610 Drug Testing and Crime-Related Restrictions in TANF, SNAP, and Housing Assistance, by David H. Carpenter, Maggie McCarty, Gene Faik and Randy Alison Aussenberg. 29p 42394 ‘The Early Agenda of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: The Nonbank Supervision Program, by Sean M. Hoskins. 7p... R42156 ‘An Economic Analysis of Large-Scale Mortgage Refinancing Proposals: A Brief Overview, by Sean M. Hoskins. 7p .» RADSTT Economic Growth and the Unemployment Rate, by Linda Levine. 6 p ronnie RAZO6S Economic Indicators: Key Sources, by Jennifer Teefy and Julie Jennings... WKSO012_ Overview Economic Recovery and Jobs, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Linda Levine, Coordinator, Craig K. Elwell, Jane G. Gravelle, Nils Bjorksten, Marc Labonte, Molly F. Sherlock, Julie M. Whittaker, Robert Jay Dilger and ‘Thomas L. Hungerford. 1 p 1842239 Blectric Power Sector, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Richard J. Campbell, Coordinator, ‘Anthony Andrews, Carl E. Behrens, Fred Sissine, James E. McCarthy, Kelsi Bracmort, Mark Holt, Michael Ratner, Molly F. Sherlock, Neclesh Nerurkar, Richard K. Lattanzio, Nicole T. Carter, Paul W. Parfomak, Brent D. Yacobueci and Adam Vann. 1 p 1542269 Emergeney Unemployment Compensation (EUCO8): Current Status of Benefits, by Katelin P. Isaacs and Julie M. Whittaker. 17 p Rd2444 Employment and Training Policy, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by David H. Bradley, Coordinator, Kirsten J. Colello, Benjamin, Collins, Cassandria Dortch, Gene Falk, ‘Adrienne L. Femandes-Alcantara, Thomas Gabe, Katelin P. Isaacs, Ann Lordeman, Gerald Mayer, Gail MeCallion, Abigail B. Rudman, Christine Scott, Jon O. Shimabukuro, Julie M. ‘Whittaker, Adam Stoll and Randy Alison Aussenberg. I p snore YSANT6 58 ‘The EPA Draft Report of Groundwater Contamina- tion Near Pavillion, Wyoming: Main Findings and Stakeholder Responses, by Peter Folger, David M, Bearden and Mary Tiemann 21p 42327 ‘An Examination of Federal Disaster Relief Under the Budget Control Act, by Bruce R. Lindsay, Francis X. MeCarthy and William L, Painter. I6p A235 Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and FOIA: Information ‘Access Policy for the Government-Sponsored Enterprises, by N. Erie Weiss and Wendy Ginsberg. 16 p snore RA2O8O Fannie Mae's and Freddie Mac’s Financial Status: Frequently Asked Questions, by N. Ere Weis Bp. A760 ‘The Farm Bill and Agricultural Policy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator, Kelsi Bracmort, Cynthia Brougher, Carol Canada, Tadlock Cowan, Lynn J, Cunningham, Ross W. Gort, Joel L. Greene, Charles E. Hanrahan, Melissa D. Ho, Renée Johnson, Remy Jurenas, Lennard G. Kruger, Jim Monke, Randy Schnepf, Daniel T. Shedd, Dennis A. Shields, Megan Stubbs and Randy Alison Aussenberg. 2p 1842273, Farm Bill: CRS Experts, by Ralph M. Chie 2p ss RA2S9B Farm Bill: Key Sources, by Laura A. Hanson and Carol Canad ... WKS0013_ Overview Farm Safety Net Provisions in a 2012 Farm Bill: 8. 3240 and H.R. 6083, by Dennis A. Shields and Randy Schnepf. 16 p RA2759 ‘The FCC's Broadcast Media Ownership and ‘Attribution Rules: The Current Debate, by Charles B. Goldfarb. 27 p . 2 R246 FDA Regulation of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products, by Amalia K. Corby-Edwards. 40 p Federal Contracting and Subcontracting with Small ‘Businesses: Issues in the 112th Congress, by Kate M. Manuel and Erika K. Lunder. 34 p 142390 seal Reserve: veri Dlsclooue ses by Mare Labonte. 10 p 42079 Federal Reserve Policies, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Mare Labonte, Coordinator, Tennifer Teefy, Nils Bjorksten, Daryl E. Getter, M, Maureen Murphy, Craig K, Elwell ‘and Edward V. Murphy. I p 1842315 Finance and the Economy: Occupy Wall Street in Historical Perspective, by Sean M. Hoskins and Mark Jickling. 11 p « 42081Financial Market Regulation, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Sean M. Hoskins, Coordina- tor, Darryl E. Getter, N. Erie Weiss, M. Maureen Murphy, David H. Carpenter, Nils Bjorksten, Julie Jennings, Jennifer Teefy, James K. Jackson, Martin A. Weiss, Kathleen ‘Ann Ruane, Rena S. Miller, Edward V. Murphy and Michael V. Seitzinger. 1 p 1842316 Financial Stability Oversight Council: A Framework to Mitigate Systemic Risk, by Edward V. Marphy. 49 p een .~- RA2083, ‘The First Responder Network and Next-Generation ‘Communications for Public Safety: Issues for Congress, by Linda K. Moore. 25 p .... R42543 Fund for “Gifts to the United States for Reduc~ tion of the Public Debt": Current Law and Broposed Legation by Tamas M Bile, Spee 42088 Government Contracts in Times of Fiscal Uncertainty, by Kate M. Manuel and Erika K. Lunde .. s+ WREO0048 Housing for Low-Income Individuals and Families, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Me} MeCarty, Coordinator, Katie Jones, Meredith Peterson, Eugene Boyd, Melinda Gish, Mark P. Keightley, David H. Carpenter, Jody Feder, Jane M, Smith, Libby Perl and N. Eric Weiss. 1p 1842179 Housing Issues in the 112th Congress by Katie Tones, Coordinator, Darryl E. Getter, Mageie ‘McCarty, N. Eric Weiss, Sean M. Hoskins, Mark P. Keightley and David H. Carpenter. 2p 1» RA21AS Hydropower Fedral and Nonfederal Investment, by Kelsi Bracmort, Adam Vann and Charles V. Stern. 21 p . . R42579 Income Eligibility and Ren in HUD Rental ‘Assistance Programs: Responses to Frequently ‘sed Questions, by Magate MoCary and Libby Perl. 18 p . 42734 Income, Welt, and Poverty, CRS Inoductory ‘Statement on, by Thomas Gabe, Coordinator, Jane G. Gravelle, Thomas L. Hungerford, Mare Labonte, Melinda Gish, Steven Maguire, Gerald Mayer, Meredith Peterson, Kathleen S. ‘Swendiman, Julie M. Whittaker, Gene Falk and Linda Levine. | p 142181 Iran's Threat to the Strait of Hormuz, by Neelesh ‘Nerurkar, Coordinator, Kenneth Katzman, Coordinator, R. Chuck Mason, Michael Ratner and Ronald O'Rourke. 20 p 1 RA2335 JP Morgan Trading Losses: Implications for the Volcker Rule and Other Regulation, by Gary Shorter, Edward V. Murphy and Rena S Miller. 32 p . RA266S 59 Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act): Required Regulations and Studies, by Michael \V, Seitzinger . WSLGIS Legal Authorities Governing Federal Contracting ‘and Subcontracting with Small Businesses, by Kate M, Manuel and Erika K. Lunder. 3p. RA2391 LIBOR: Frequently Asked Ques, ‘by Edward V. Murphy. 6 p RA2608 “Marcellus Shale Gas: Development Potential ‘and Water Management Issues and Laws, by Mary Tiemann, Coordinator, Robert Meltz, Peter Folger, Cynthia Brougher, Anthony Andrews and Claudia Copeland, 44p . R42333 ‘Market Dynamics That May Have Contributed to Solydra’s Bnicupcy by Philip Brown op 42058 ‘The MF Globa Bankrptey and Mising Customer Funds, by Mark Jicking and Rena S. Miller. SBiincs 42091 Mortgage Markets and GSEs, CRS Introductory Statement on, by N. Eric Weiss, Coordinator, Sean M. Hoskins, M. Maureen Murphy, Edward V. Murphy, Nils Bjorksten, Maggie MeCany, Jennifer Teefy, Kevin R. Kosar, Katie Jones, Jim Monke and Michael V. Seitzinger. 1 p snnn 142306 Moving to a Territorial Income Tax: Options ‘and Challenges, by Jane G. Gravelle. 3p 1 RA2624 ‘Moving to Work (MTW): Housing Assistance Demonstration Program, by Maggie MeCany 24p 42562, National Bank Act Preemption is Alive and Well in California, by M. Maureen Murphy WSLGI31 ‘National Infrastructure Bank: Overview and Current Legislation, by William J. Mallett, Kevin R. Kosar and Steven Maguire. 27 p -...... R42115 National Mortgage Servicing Standards: Legislation in the 112th Congress, by Sean M. Hoskins, 18p RAD041 ‘The National Telecommunications and Informa- tion Administration (NTIA): Policies, Programs and Funding, by Linda K, Moore Spa 4082 (Oil and Natural Gas Markets, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Carl E, Behrens, Coordinator, M. Lynne Com, Carol Glover, Peter Folger, ‘Adam Vann, Paul W. Parfomak, Neelesh ‘Nerurkar, Michael Ratner, Brent D. Yacobueci, Anthony Andrews, Robert Pirog and Mare Humphries. 1p .. 1842278vil Sands and the Keystone XL Pi ‘Background and Selected Environmental Issues, by Jonathan L. Ramseur, Coordina- tor, Nicole T. Carter, Paul W. Parfomak, Richard K. Lattanzio and Linda Luther. 49p 42611 Online Video Distributors and the Current Statutory and Regulatory Framework: Issues for Congress, by Kathleen Ann Ruane and Charles B. Goldfarb. 27 p Raz722 Options to Reduce the Federal Budget Deficit, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Mindy R- Levit, Coordinator, Patricia A. Davis, Jane G. Gravelle, Bill Heniff Jr, Thomas L. Hungerford, Donald J. Marples, Megan ‘Suzanne Lynch, Janemarie Mulvey, Justin ‘Murray, Dawn Nuschler, Alison M. Shelton, ‘Molly F. Sherlock, D. Andrew Austin and Mare Labonte. I p snes 1S42300 ‘An Overview and Comparison of Senate Proposals. to Extend the “Bush Tax Cuts”: S. 3412 and 3413, by Margot Crandalb-Hollk, 1p. isinsee BADGE ‘An Overview of Tax Provisions Expiring in 2012, by Margot L. Crandall-Hollick. 26 p won. RA248S Positive Train Control (PTC): Overview and Policy Issues, by John Frit and efrey C. Peters 16p.. monn RAZ63T Possible Extension or Bciraton of the 2008 Far Bill, by Jim Monke, Coordinator, Randy Alison Aussenberg and Megan Stubbs. 18p sens RAQMAD Possible Legal Issues Facing Landlords Who Choose Not to Accept Federal Housing Vouchers, by Jane M. Smith, 10 p RAIS Previewing the Next Farm Bill, by Ralph M. Chite, ‘Coordinator, Renée Johnson, Charles E. Hanrahan, Dennis A. Shields, Ross W. Gorte, Megan Stubbs, Joel L. Greene, Remy Jurenas, Randy Schnepf, Randy Alison Aussenberg, Fim Monke and Tadlock Cowan. 53 p . R42357 Public, Educational, and Governmental (PEG) ‘Access Cable Television Channels: Issues for Congress, by Charles B. Goldfarb, 26p RA2044 Reasons forthe Decline in Corporate Tex Revenues, ‘by Mark P, Keightley. 9p eseucnn RAZII3 Receipt of Unemployment Insurance by Higher- Income Unemployed Workers (“Millionaires”), by Donald Hirasuna. 10 p RA2643 Reduce, Refinance, and Rent? The Economic Incen- tives, Risks, and Ramifications of Housing Market Policy Options, by Matthew Kurlanzik and Sean M. Hoskins. 36 P ...nnneve RA2480 Regulatory Incentives for Electricity Transmissions — Issues and Cost Concerns, by Richard J Campbell. 15 p RA2068 Residential Mortgage Defaults and Foreclosures, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Katie Jones, Coordinator, David H. Carpenter, Darryl E, Getter, Sean M. Hoskins, Melinda Gish, Erika K. Lunder, R. Chuck Mason, Edward V. Murphy, N. Eric Weiss, Eugene Boyd and Mark P. Keightley. 1 p » 1842301 Rising Gasoline Prices 2012, by Robert Pirog and ‘Neelesh Nerurkar. 13 p R42382 ‘The Role of Local Food Systems in U.S, Farm Policy, by Renée Johnson, Randy Alison ‘Aussenberg and Tadlock Cowan. 49 p R421SS Rural Broadband: The Roles of the Rural Utilities Service and the Universal Service Fund, by ‘Angele A. Gilroy and Lennard G. Kruger. 20 Dissent sen RAZS2A SBA Nery Macies Venue Copii Progra, by Robert Jay Dilger. 2p «. soe RAZSOS ‘SBA Surety Bond Guarantee Program, by Robert Jay Dilger. 27 p — w RAQ03T SBA Veterans Assistance Programs: An Analysis of Contemporary Issues, by Sean Lowry and Robert Jay Dilger. 26 p 42695 SEC Climate Change Disclosure Guidance: An ‘Overview and Congressional Concems, by Gary Shorter. 9 p sn sm RADSAA SEC Proposes Rule Eliminating Ban on General ael V. Solicitation under JOBS Act, by Seitzinger .. WSLG228 ecuies and Derivatives Regulation, CRS Into- ductory Statement on, by Rena S. Miller, Coordinator, Nils Bjorksten, Michael V. Seitzinger, Kathleen Ann Ruane, Gary Shorter and Edward V. Murphy. 1 p 1842254 ‘A Securities Transactions Tax: Brief Analytic (Overview with Revenue Estimates, by Mark P. Keighley. 4 p . R42078, Selected Federal Data Security Breach Legislation, bby Kathleen Ann Ruane. 12 Ra2474 Selecting the World Bank President, by Martin A. Weiss. 8 P eersnmne ens RAZG3 ‘The Senate Agriculture Committee’s 2012 Farm Bill (S. 3240): A Side-by-Side Comparison ‘with Current Law, by Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator, Megan Stubbs, Charles E. Hanrahan, Randy Alison Aussenberg, Remy Jurenas, Tadlock Cowan, Randy ‘Schnepf, Renée Johnson, Joel L. Greene, Dennis A. Shields and Jim Monke. TSB vn 42552‘The Small Business Lending Fund, by Robert Jay Dilger. 24 p RA2045 ‘Small Business Policy, CRS Introductory State- ‘ment on, by Robert Jay Dilger, Coordinator, ‘Valerie Bailey Grasso, Jane G. Gravelle, Gary Guenther, Bruce R. Lindsay, Colleen J hogan, Erika K. Lunder, Kate M. Manuel, Jared Conrad Nagel, Wendy H. Schacht, Carolyn V, Torsell, N. Eric Weiss, Maeve P, Carey and John R. Luckey. 1 p 1842256 ‘Smart Meter Data: Privacy and Cybersecurity, by Brandon J. Murrill, Richard M. Thompson IL ‘and Edward C. Liu. 45 p 42338 Solar Projects: DOE Section 1705 Loan Guarantees, by Phillip Brown. 8 p 42059 ‘The State ofthe Economy, CRS Introductory State- tment on, by James K. Jackson, Coordinator, Craig K: Elwell, Coordinator, Rebecea M. Nelson, J. Michael Donnelly, Nils Bjorksten, Mare Labonte and Linda Levine. |p . 1542298 State Small Business Credit Initiative: Implementa- ton and Funding Issues, by Robert sy Dlr 19p RADE Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Abridged Overview of 18 U.S.C. 1831 and 1832, by Charles Doyle. 6 p RA2682 Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Overview of 18 U.S.C. 1831 and 1832, by Charles Doyle. 14'p 42681 ‘The STOCK Act, Insider Trading, and Public Financial Reporting by Federal Officials, by Jack Maskell. 6p « . R42495 ‘The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Authorization, Operation, and Drawdown Policy, by Robert Pirog and Anthony Andrews. 18 p ..... R42460 ‘Sugar Program Proposals for the 2012 Farm Bill, by Remy Jurenas. 4 p RASS Sugar Program: The Basics, by Remy Jens 9 pitosenaan sone R4QS3S The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Categorial Eligibility, by Randy Alison Aussenberg and Gene Falk. 15 pn RA2054 ‘Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): ty and Benefits, by Randy Alison Aussenberg. 19 p 42505, ‘Supreme Court Sidesteps First Amendment Question in Broadcast Indeoeocy Cae, by Kathleen Ann Ruane WSLG88 ‘Systemically Important or “Too Big to Fail” Financial Institutions, by Mare Labonte, 45p ‘TARP: Ongoing Federal Support for Banks, Auto Companies, and Homeowners, by 42150 61 Bill Canis, Baird Webel and Katie Jones .» WREO0046 Taxes aod Deficit Reduction, CRS invoductory Statement on, by Thomas L. Hungerford, Coordinator, James M. Bickley, Margot L. ‘Crandall-Hollick, Donald J. Marples, Mark P. Keightley, Mare Labonte, Mindy R. Levit, ‘Molly F. Sherlock, D. Andrew Austin and Jane G. Gravelle. 1p .. 1842299 ‘Taxes and Economic Recovery, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jane G. Gravelle, Coordina- tor, Donald J. Marples, Colleen J. Shogan and ‘Thomas L. Hungerford. 1 p 1842294 ‘Tax Gap, Tax Compliance, and Proposed Legislation inthe 1120 Congres by James M. Bikey 17 ‘i . RAD “ring ad Mi ei rate Ws la Exemption from “All Taxation” only Apply to Some Taxes?, by Erika K. Lunder . WSLG114 Taxing Large Pass-Throughs As Corporations: How Many Firms Would Be Affected?, by Mark. Keightley. 18 p RA2451 Tax Rates and Economic Growth, by Donald J. Marples and Jane G. Gravelle. 10 p ... RA2IL1 ‘Telecom Regulation and Convergence, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Angele A. Gilroy, Coordinator, Patricia Moloney Figliola, Charles B. Goldfarb, Rita Tehan, Lennard G Kruger, Glenn J. McLoughlin, Linda K. Moore, Kathleen Ann Ruane, Alissa M. Dolan and Mark Gurevitz, I p 1842283, ‘The Temporary Payroll Tax Reduction: A Brief Description and Economic Analysis, by Donald J. Marples. 4p RA2103 “Terror Risk Insurance: Isue Analysis and Overview of Cate: Program, by Bad Webe Hp. RADIO ‘The Tool and Die Industry: Contribution to USS, Manufacturing and Federal Policy Considerations, by Bill Canis. 17 p ..... R42411 ‘Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants, by Benj Collins. 7p R42661 ‘The Trend in Family Income from 1979 to 2010, by Gerald Mayer. 35 p .. 7 RAD348 Unemployment Compensation (UC): Elly for Students Under State and Federal Laws, ‘by Alan Eder and Julie M. Whittaker. DP ov 2 snes RAQIOT Unemployment Insurane, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Julie M. Whittaker, Coordinator, Thomas Gabe, Thomas L. Hungerford, Sharmila Choudhury, Mare Labonte, Abigail B. Rudman, Alison M.Shelton, Jon O. Shimabukuro, Benjamin Collins and Katelin P. Isaacs. 1p ...... 1842195 USS. Crude Oil Production in Federal and Non- Federal Ares, by Mate Humphries. 4p snes RAZABZ ‘The Use of Disretionary Authority in the Housing Choice Voucher Program: A CRS Study, by Maggie McCarty. 40 .. RADI USS, Implementation of Basel 115, Basel II], and Harmonization with the Dodd-Frank Act, By Gry Shorter ad Daryl E. Geter 1p | R42372 US. Implementation of the Basel Capital Regulatory Framework, by Darryl E. Getter. 20 p . R42744 ‘The U.S, Income Distribution and Mobility: Trends and Intemational Comparisons, by Linde Levine. 18 p 42400, USS. Initial Public Stock Offerings and the JOBS. ‘Act, by Gary Shorter and Rena S. Miller. 28D 42497 1S. Manufatring in nteratco 1 Perspective, by Mate Levinson. 21 p 1» RAZI3S, ULS, Natural Gas Exports: New Opportunities, Uncertain Outcomes, by Michael Ratner, Linda Luther and Paul W, Parfomak. 21 p ... R42074 {U.S CilImports and Exports, by Neslesh Nera 32 po . RA2465 US. SolarPhotovola Manufacturing: Industry ‘Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support, by Michaela D, Platzer. 29 p a.uenen RA2SO9 Vulnerable Youth: Overview of Issues Affecting Youth Programs Authorized Under the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), by Adrienne L. Fernandes-Alcantara. 27 p RA2583 Weather-Related Power Outages and Electric ‘System Resiliency, by Richard J. Campbell 15p.. : soo RA2696 ‘What Is Systemic Risk? Does It. ‘Apply to Recent JP Morgan Loses, by Edward V. Murphy 1p RADSAS Who Earns Pass-Through Busnes Income? An ‘Analysis of Individual Tax Return Data, by Mark P. Keightley. 12 p RA2359 ‘Why Some Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Are Not Sold ‘Domestically, by Bill Canis. 6 P wun. RA2666 ‘Winter Fuels Outlook 2011-2012, by Robert Pirog. 8p RA2090 Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Reauthorization Proposals in the 112th Congress: Comparison ‘of Major Features of Current Law and H.R. 4297, by Benjamin Collins and David H. Bradley. 22 p smn RA26SE 62 ‘Youth and the Labor Force: Background and Trends, by Adrienne L. Fernandes-Aleantara 30p 42519 Education, Employment, and Income ‘The American Opportunity Tax Credit: Overview, "Analysis, and Policy Options, by Margot L. Crandall-Hollick. 21 p .. .- RA2S61 ‘An Analysis of the “Buffett Rule,” by Thomas L, ‘Hungerford. 11 p A043, “Appropriations: CRS Experts, by Justin Murray and Jennifer E. Lake. 14 p RA2638 Bankruptcy in a Distressed Eeonomy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Carol A. Pett Coordinator, Marie B. Morris, Edward C. Li Edward V. Murphy, David H. Carpenter and Vastine D. Platte, PP ns 1842160 Bankrupt Farmer Sells Farm — Creditors Get all the Proceeds; He Must Pay the Taxes, by Carol A. Pettit WSLGI24 [A Brief Overview of Actions Taken by the Con- ‘sumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) in Its First Year, by Sean M. Hoskins, 5p. 42615 Budget “Sequestration” and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules, by Karen Spar, Coordinator, Barbara L. Schwemle, David P. Smole, Elayne J. Heisler, Jim Monke, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Sidath Viranga Panangala, Julie M. Whittaker and Patricia A. Davis. Dp wars 42050 Career and Technical Education (CTE): A Primer, by ‘Cassandria Dorteh. 17 p «. Rag7d8 ‘Changes in the Distribution of Income Among “Tax Filers Between 1996 and 2006: The Role of Labor Income, Capital Income, and ‘ax Policy, by Thomas L, Hungerford 19p A213 Chie Pec Stns Backround in Ay Alison M. Shelton. 10 p Ra2449 Computer-Related Occupations Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), by Gerald Mayer, Mp... -- RA214L ‘The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB): ‘A Legal Analysis, by David. Carpenter 42572 ORS KneductoryStatrent ‘on, by David H. Carpenter, Coordinator, ‘Margaret Mikyung Lee, Coordinator, Sean M. Hoskins, Katie Jones, Sarah A. Lister, Carrie N, Lyons, Brandon J. Murrill, M. Maureen ‘Murphy, C. Stephen Redhead, Linda-lo Schierow, Jane M. Smith, Gina Stevens,Jeanne M. Dennis, Gary Guenther, Vivian S. (Chu and Edward C. Liv. 1p seweonone IS42163 Data Security Breach Notification Laws, by Gina ‘Stevens. 20 p 42475 “Death by a Thousand Meetings”? California's New Intatv o Limit Mn! Bankes by Catal A. Pettit enon WSLGI25 Declaring Fiscal Emergency, San Bernardino Plans to Bypass California's Mediation Process and Proceed to Chapter 9, by Carol A Pettit WSLG137 Delphi Corporation: Pension Plans and Bankruptcy, by John J. Topoleski. 8 p 42076 Department of Education Waives No Child Left Behind Act Requirements, by Jody Feder . WSLG44 “Tae Bly Aa. ie Cina? Fenda Protection Bureau: The Nonbank Supervision Program, by Sean M, Hoskins. 7p .... R42156 Economic Growth andthe Unemployment Rat, by Linda Levine. 6 p 42063, Economic Recovery and Jobs, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Linda Levine, Coordinator, Craig K. Elwell, Jane G. Gravelle, Nils Bjorksten, Marc Labonte, Molly F. Sherlock, Julie M. Whittaker, Robert Jay Dilger and Thomas L. Hungerford. 1 p 1 1842239 Educational Accountability and Secretarial Waiver ‘Authority Under Section 9401 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, by Jody Feder and Rebecca R. Skinner. 44D RA2328 education for Homeless Children and Youth Background and Legislation in the {ath Congres by Gx MeCalion, 26p 42494 ‘The Education of Students with Disabilities: ‘Alignment Between the Elementary and ‘Secondary Education Act and the Individuals ‘with Disabilities Education Act, by Ann Lordeman and Erin D, Lomax. 34 p ... R42070 Elementary and Secondary Education Act Reauthori- ‘zation: Data Options for the English Language ‘Acquisition State Grants Formula (Title TIA), ‘by Cassandria Dortch. 34 p RAD1SA Elementary and Secondary Education, CRS Introdue- tory Statement on, by Rebecca R. Skinner, Coordinator, Jeffrey J. Kuenzi, Shannon S. Loane, Erin D. Lomax, Ann Lordeman, Adam Stoll, Gail McCallion, Laura L. Monagle, Emily C. Barbour, Cynthia Brougher, Jody Feder, Heather B. Gonzalez, Cassandria Dortch and Karen E. Lynch. 1 p 1842175 63 Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUCO8): ‘Current Status of Benefits, by Katelin P. Isaacs and Julie M. Whittaker. 17 p Ra2a44 Employment and Training Policy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by David H. Bradley, Coordina- tor, Kirsten J. Colello, Benjamin Collins, Cassandria Dorteh, Gene Falk, Adrienne L, Fernandes-Alcantara, Thomas Gabe, Katelin P. Isaacs, Ann Lordeman, Gerald Mayer, Gail MeCailion, Abigail B. Rudman, Christine Scott, Jon O. Shimabukuro, Julie M. Whittaker, ‘Adam Stoll and Randy Alison Aussenberg. Ip .- 1842176 Facebook Firings and Protected Activities Under ‘the National Labor Relations Act, by Jon O. Shimabukuro WSLGIO ‘The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): An Overview, by Gerald Mayer and David H. Bradley. 2p RADTI3 ‘The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): An. Overview, by Gerald Mayer.9 p ...... R42758 FDA Regulation of Cosmeties and Personal Care Proaues by Amalia K Crby-Edvars 40. 42594 Federal Labor Relations Statutes: An Overview, by Alexandra Hegj. 47 p ~ R42526 Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education ‘Act: How the Program Works, Recent Legis tive Changes, and Current Issues, by Shannon M. Mahan. 46 p A246 Federal Student Loan Discharge Procedures for Borrowers Who Become Totally and Permanently Disabled: Current Issues and Policy Considerations, by Umar Moulta-Ali and David P. Smole. 14 p RAZIIO FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation, by Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator, Karen E, Lynch, Maggie McCarty, Jim Monke, William L. Painter, David Randall Peterman, Garrett Hatch, Carl E. Behrens, Ida A. Brudnick, Daniel H. Else, Carol Hardy Vincent, Nathan James and Pet Towell. Ip 42082 Income, Wealth, and Povey, CRS Inrodutory ‘Statement on, by Thomas Gabe, Coordinator, Jane G. Gravelle, Thomas L. Hungerford, Mare Labonte, Melinda Gish, Steven Maguire, Gerald Mayer, Meredith Peterson, Kathleen S. Swendiman, Julie M. Whittaker, Gene Falk and Linda Levine. 1p .. 1842181 Interest Rates on Subsidized Stafford Loans 10 Undergraduate Students, by David P. Smole. op . R42515Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2013 Appropriations Preliminary Overview, by Karen E. Lynch, Coordinator, David H. Bradley, Gail McCallion, Pamela W. Smith and Scott Szymendera. 32 p snns RADSEB Labor, HHS, and Education Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Karen E. Lynch, David H. Bradley, Melinda Gish, Pamela W. Smith, Scott Szymendera snd Gal MeCalin, Lp se 1842183, Labor Standards and Labor Relations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Gerald Mayer, Coordinator, Benjamin Collins, Jody Feder, ‘Adam Stoll, Abigail B. Rudman, Jon O. Shimabukuro, Scott Szymendera, David H. Bradley and Paul H, Jano. 1 p we IS42182 ‘The Link Between Social Security Benefits and ‘Medicare, Part A: An Offer You Can't Refuse’, by Kathleen S, Swendiman WSLGI9T Market Dynamics That May Have Contributed to Solyna’s Bankrptey by Philip Brown, OP rene RADOSS ‘The MF Global Bankruptcy and Missing Customer "Funds, by Mark Jickling and Rena S. Miller. Sp rmnee RAZOOL ‘hella Tae Ronn aie acts Selected Tope, by Jon O Shimabukuro op 42703 Pensfons and Retirement Savings, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by John J. Topoleski, Coordina- tor, Thomas L. Hungerford, Katelin P. Isaacs, aul H. Janov, Sharmila Choudhury, Janemarie Mulvey, Abigail B. Rudman, Jon O. Shimabukuro, Jennifer Staman, Jane G. Gravelle and Erika K, Lunder. 1p ... 1842189 “The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act ‘of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill): Primer and Issues, bby Cassandria Dortch, 30 p 42755 Postsecondary Education, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by David P. Smole, Coordinator, D. Andrew Austin, David H. Bradley, Margot L. Crandall-Hollick, Cassandria Dortch, Jody Feder, Heather B. Gonzalez, Jefirey J. Kuenzi, Shannon S. Loane, Laura L. Monagle, Shannon M. Mahan, Andorra Bruno, Cynthia Brougher, Benjamin Collins, Darryl E. Getter, Elayne J. Heisler, Charles A. Henning, Mark P. Keightley, Erin D. Lomax, Karen E. Lynch, ‘Ann Lordeman, Umar Moulta-Ali, M, Maureen Murphy, Carol A. Pettit, Rebecca R. Skinner ‘and Adam Stoll. 2 p rovn: 1842190 Proposals to Change Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's (PBGC) Premium Structure: Issues for Congres, by Joh J. Tope \4p. sens RAQS21 64 Receipt of Unemployment Insurance by Higher- Ineome Unemployed Workers (“Millionaires”), by Donald Hirasuna. 10 p . 42643 Religious Diserimination in Public Schools: A. Legal Analysis, by Cynthia Brougher, 16p sons R426 Right to Work Laws: Legislative Background and Empirical Resareh, by Benjamin Collins, 14p 42575 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathe- ‘matics (STEM) Education: A Primer, by Jeffrey J, Kuenzi and Heather B. Gonzalez, 34p. RA2642 ‘Selected Federal Data Security Breach Legislation, by Kathleen Ann Ruane. 12 p A274 Social Security, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Dawn Nuschler, Coordinator, Thomas L. Hungerford, Mare Labonte, Linds Levine, ‘Umar Moulta-Ali, Sharmila Choudhury, Christine Scott, Alison M. Shelton, Gary Sidor, Kathleen S, Swendiman, Scott Szymendera, Carol D. Davis and Janemarie Mulvey. 1p se YSADI9D Social Security Primes, ty Dawn Naseer. Mp. 142035 Solar Project DOF Section 1705 Loan Guarantees, by Phillip Brown. 8 p 42089 ‘Tax Rates and Economic Growth, by Donald J ‘Marples and Jane G. Gravelle. 10 p ... R42111 ‘Teacher Quality Issues in the Elementary and ‘Secondary Education Act, by Jeffrey J. Kuenzi Ip. semen, RAZIT ‘The Temporary Payroll Tax Reduction: A Brief Description and Economic Analysis, by Donald J. Marples. 4 p snes RADIOS ‘Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College ‘and Career Training Grants, by Benjamin Collins. 7p A261 ‘The Trend in Family Income from 1979 to 2010, by Gerald Mayer. 35 p 42348 The TRIO Programs, by Cassada Dortch 30p.. : RAD724 ‘Unemployment Compensation (UC: Eligibility for Students Under State and Federal Laws, by Alan Eder and Julie M. Whittaker, 5p. ‘Unemployment Insurance, CRS tna ‘Statement on, by Julie M. Whittaker, Coordinator, Thomas Gabe, Thomas L. ‘Hungerford, Sharmila Choudhury, Mare Labonte, Abigail B. Rudman, Alison M. Shelton, Jon O. Shimabukuro, Benjamin Collins and Katelin P. Isaacs. 1p... 1842195 42707‘The USS, Income Distribution and Mobility: Trends ‘and International Comparisons, by Linda Levine. 18 p 42400 Using a Different Cost-of-Living Measure for Social ‘Security Beneficiaries: Some Policy Considers tions, by Alison M. Shelton. 15 p ...... R42086 Vocational Rehabilitation Grants to States: Program Overview, by Benjamin Colin 2p vw RAZISS Vulnerable Youth: Overview of Issues Affecting Youth Programs Authorized Under the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), by Adrienne L. Femandes-Aleantara, 27 P xno R42583 ‘Whistleblower Protections Under Federal Law: An Overview, by L. Paige Whitaker and Jon 0. ShimabukUro, 22 p wre 42727 Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification WARN) Act by Betjemin Colins 8p smn RA2693 ‘Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Reauthorization Proposals in the 112th Congress: Comparison of Major Features of Current Law and LR 4097, by Benjamin Colin and David Bradley, 22 p enon RA2658 “Youth and hn aon Faces age ‘Trends, by Adrienne L, Femandes-Alcantara. 30p RA2SI9 Emergencies and Disasters Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Highlighted Activities, by Jonathan L. Ramseur. 9 p R371 Disaster Assistance Funding, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Francis X. McCarthy, Coordi- nator, Bruce R. Lindsay, Coordinator, Jennifer E, Lake, William L, Painter, Dennis A. Shields, Herold F. Upton, Kelsi Bracmort, Eugene Boyd ‘and Rawle O. King. 1p ~ 1542261 Disaster Recovery Assistance and Mitigation, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Francis X. McCarthy, Coordinator, Natalie Keegan, Jennifer E. Lake, Brace R. Lindsay, Sarah A. Lister, Edward C. Liu, Linda Luther, Maggie ‘McCarty, William L. Painter, Dennis A. Shields, Rebecca R. Skinner, Julie M. Whittaker, Jared T. Brown, Eugene Boyd, Ross W. Gorte, Rawle O. King and Robert S Kirk. 2p 1842313, Disaster Risk Financing, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Rawle O, King, Coordinator, Cynthia Brougher, Jared T. Brown, Peter Folger, Ross W. Gorte, Natalie Keegan, Robert S. Kirk, Bruce R. Lindsay, Edward C. Liu, Francis X. McCarthy, Justin Murray, Dennis A. Shields, Megan Stubbs, Jennifer Teefy, Carolyn V. 65 Torll Nils Bjoraten and Eugene Boyd 2p 1842303 Tnargoney ed Tiss pare, CE Introductory Statement on, by Jared T. Brown, Coordinator, Emily C. Barbour, Jerome P. Bielopera, Peter Folger, Lawrence Kapp, Linda-Jo Schierow, Bruce R. Lindsay, Sarah A. Lister, Francis X. McCarthy, Linda K. Moore, John D. Moteff, R. Eric Petersen, Jennifer E. Lake and Natalie Keegan. I p 1847314 Emergency and Disaster Response, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Bruce R. Lindsay, Coordina- tor, Peter Folger, Natalie Keegan, Lawrence Kapp, Jennifer E. Lake, Linda Luther, Sarah A. Lister, Francis X. MeCarthy, Jonathan L. Ramstur, Kathleen S. Swendiman, David M. Bearden and Edward C. Liu, 1 p ow... 1$42240 An Examination of Federal Disaster Relief Under the Budget Control Act, by Bruce R. Lindsay, Francs X. MoCarty and Wiliam Pane, 16p. o- RADSSZ FEMA Conny Dioner as Progra History, Analysis, and Issues for Congress, by Jared T. Brown. 43 p 42527 ‘National Security and Emergency Preparedness ‘Communications: A Summary of Executive Order 13618, by Shawn Reese. 8 p .... RA2740 Presidential Policy Directive 8 and the National Preparedness System: Background and Iss for Congres, by Jared T. Brown, 26 Pron 42073 ‘The Project BioShield Act: Issues forthe 112th ‘Congress, by Frank Gottron. 17 p vw R42349 Public Health and Emergency Preparedness, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Sarah A. Lister, Coordinator, Emily C. Barbour, Vanessa K. Burrows, Cynthia Brougher, Jared T. Brown, Vivian S. Chu, Frank Gottron, Joel L. Greene, Renée Johnson, Lawrence Kapp, Paul K. Kerr, ‘Natalie Keegan, Janet Kinzer, Bruce R, Lindsay, Edward C. Liu, Francis X. MeCarthy, Angela Napili, William L. Painter, Sidath Viranga Panangala, C. Stephen Redhead, Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Linda-Jo Schierow, Dana A. ‘Shea, Pamela W. Smith, Kathleen S. ‘Swendiman, Scott Szymendera, Susan Than, Ima Arise and Erin Baga, 3a 1842191 ‘Stafford Act Declarations 1953-2011: Trends and “Analyses, and Implications for Congress, by Francis X. MeCarthy and Bruce R. Lindsay. 28p A202 ‘Ten Years after 9-11: The U.S. Response, by Shawn ‘Reese, Bart Elias, Sarah A. Lister and Frank Gottron - WREO0038Terrorism Risk Insurance: Issue Analysis and Overview of Curent Progam, by Bard Webel Tp. srr RAQTIG Energy, Environment, and Resources ‘The Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing, (ATVM) Loan Program: Status and Issues, by Bill Canis and Brent D. Yacobucci 4p 42064 Agriculture Based Biofuels, CRS Tnwoductory Statement on, by Randy Schnepf, Coordinator, Brent D, Yacobucci, Kelsi Bracmort, Cynthia Brougher, Phillip Brown, Adam Vann, Carol Canada, Lynn J. Cunningham, Ross W. Gorte, Peter J. Meyer, Molly F. Sherlock, Fred ‘Sissine, RaiphM. Chite and Richard J Campbell. I p .. 1842262 ‘Air Quality: BPA’s 2012 Proposed Changes tthe Particulate Matter (PM) Standard, by Robert Esworthy. 40 p pene RADOTL Algae’s Potential as a Transportation Biofuel, by Kelsi Bracmort. 15 p RADI22 Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs, by Lynn J. Cunningham, Brent D. Yacobueci, Bill Canis and Beth A. Roberts. 38 p .. R42566 ‘Animal Agriculture, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Joel L. Greene, Coordinator, Dennis A. Shields, Tadlock Cowan, Renée Johnson, Ralph M. Chite, Kelsi Bracmort, Megan Stubbs, Cynthia Brougher, Vivian S. Chu, Cacia Copeland and Remy Jurenas, Ip 1842263, Appropriations: CRS Exper, by Justin Murray and Jennifer E, Lake. 14 p svn RAGE ‘Automobile and Truck Fuel Economy (CAFE) and Greenhouse Gas Standards, by Brent D. Yacobucci, Richard K. Lattanzio and Bill Canis. 12 p.. 42721 ‘Aviation and the European Union’s Emission ‘Trading Scheme, by Jane A. Leggett, Coordinator, Bart Elias and Daniel T. Shedd. 40p v-» RAZ392 cantgn Oeste ll-Grle Ames Greenhouse Gas Emissions, by Richard K. Lattanzio. 26 p Rd2537 Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS): A Primer, by Peter Folger. 16 p ses RADSS2 Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Research, ‘Development, and Demonstration at the US, Deparment of Ener, by Peter Fog Bp. sms 42496 66 Carbon Tax: Deficit Reduction and Other Considera- ‘tions, by Jonathan L. Ramseur, Molly F. Sherlock and Jane A. Leggett. 33 p . Chemicals in Commerce, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Linda-Jo Schierow, Coordinator, Robert Meltz, Robert Esworthy, James D. Wemer, Renée Johnson, Sarah A. Lister, Margaret Mikyung Lee, Mary Tiemann, Claudia Copeland and Megan Stubbs. Ip. 1342266 ‘The Clean Air Act CRS Introductory Statement ‘on, by James E. MeCarthy, Coordinator, Richard K, Lattanzio, Robert Meltz, James D. Wemer, Beth A. Roberts, Linda-lo Schierow, Dana A. Shea, Brent D. Yacobucci, Claudia Copeland and Jonathan L. Ramseur. ae nner 1SA2267 cen greegr herbal ion wl Reale 'S, 2146, by Phillip Brown. 16 p -....- R42522 (Clean Water Act and Pollutant Total Maximum Daily Lands (TMDLS), by Claudia Copeland 19p 7 42752 Climate Change and Existing Law: A Survey of Legal Issues Past, Present, and Future, by Robert Meltz. 30 p 42613 Climate Change Science, Technology, and Policy, ‘CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jane A. Leggett, Coordinator, M. Lynne Com, Megan Stubbs, Melissa D. Ho, Neelesh ‘Nerurkar, Nicole T. Carter, Paul Belkin, Pervaze A. Sheikh, Peter Folger, Richard J Campbell, Richard K. Lattanzio, Robert ‘Meliz, Ronald O'Rourke, Ross W. Gorte, Susan V. Lawrence, Wayne M. Morrison, James D, Wemer, Brent D. Yacobucci, Bruce Vaughn, Carl Ek, Emily C, Barbour, Fred Sissine, Eugene H. Buck, Harold F. Upton, lan F. Fergusson, Jeanne J. Grimmett, James E, McCarthy, Jonathan L. Ramseur, Katherine G. Smitherman, Kelsi Bracmort, Marin A. Weis and Mary Tiemann, 3p “ . 1842295 Compensating State and Local Governments for the ‘Tax-Exempt Status of Federal Lands: What Is. Fair and Consistent?, by M. Lynne Corn and Ross W. Gorte. 30 p R42439 Controlling Air Emissions from Outer Continental Shelf Sources: A Comparison of Two Programs —EPA and DOI, by Jonathan L, Ramseur. 29p 42123 Dairy Policy Proposals in the 2012 Farm Bill, by Randy Schnepf. 26 p snes RAQTBO Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Highlighted Activities, by Jonathan L. Ramseur. 9 p RA2371 4273167 Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: ‘Background and Issues for Congress, by Ronald O”Rourke, Moshe Schwartz and Katherine Blakeley. 54 p RA25S8 Department of the Interior (DOI) Reorganization of ‘Ocean Energy Programs, by Curry L. Hagerty. 1OP ssn ses 42599 DOE Weatherization Program: A Review of Funding, Performance, and Cost-Effeciveness Studies, by Fred Sissine. 48 p .. RADIAT Drought in the United States: CRS Expats by Amy “Abel. 2p 42610 eerie Power Secor, CRS Invoductory Sateen ‘on, by Richard J. Campbell, Coordinator, “Anthony Andrews, Carl E. Behrens, Fred Sissine, James E. MeCarthy, Kelsi Bracmort, Mark Holt, Michael Ratner, Molly F. Sherlock, ‘Neclesh Nerurkar, Richard K. Lattanzio, Nicole ‘Carer, Paul W. Parfomak, Brent D. ‘Yacobueci and Adam Vann. 1 pnw. 1$42269 ‘The Endangered Species Act (ESA) as Implementing Legislation for Iterational Treaties, by Kristina Alexander. 13 Pesce RA2AAT ‘The Endangered Species Act: Friend or Foe, by Kristina Alexander ‘WSLG209 Endangered Species, CRS Introductory Statement on, ‘by Pervaze A. Sheik, Coordinator, Kristina ‘Alexander, David M. Bearden, Harold F. Upton, Kori Calvert, M. Lynne Com, Robert Meltz, Charles V. Stern, Amy Abel and Eugene H. Buck. Ip. . 1842270 Ending Overfishing and Rebuilding Fish Stocks in ‘US. Federal Waters, by Harold F. Upton and Eugene H. Buck. 26 p 42563 Energy and Environmental Impacts of “Transportation, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Brent D. Yacobueci, Coordinator, Jane ‘A. Leggett, James E, McCarthy, Bill Canis, William J. Mallett, David Randall Peterman, Anthony Andrews, Fred Sissine, Beth A. Roberts, Ryan Elliot Granger, John Williamson, Robert Meltz, Adam Vann, Kelsi Bracmort, Randy Schnepf, Claudia Copeland, Eugene H. Buck, Ronald O’Rourke, John F. Sargent Jr, Molly F. Sherlock and Linda Luther. 2p . 1842297 Energy and Water Development Appropriations ‘CRS Introductory Statement on, by Carl E. Behrens, Coordinator, Betsy A. Cody, Jonathan ‘Medalia, Richard J. Campbell, Anthony Andrews, Carol Glover, Charles V. Stem, David M. Bearden, Fred Sissine, Mark Holt, Daniel Morgan and Brent D. Yacobueci 1p. . 1842271 Energy and Water Development: FY2013 Appropria tions, by Carl E. Behrens, Coordinator, Fred Sissine, Charles V. Stern, Jonathan Medalia, David M. Bearden, Carol Glover, Mark Holt, Pep eae sed ty sndrees 58 P enn snes RADADB Energy Policy: Election Year Issues and Legislative Proposals, by Carl E. Behrens. 9 p .... R427S6 Energy Storage for Power Grids and Electric ‘Transportation: A Technology Assessment, by Paul W. Parfornak. 139 p . RA24SS Energy Taxation, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Molly F. Sherlock, Coordinator, Steven Maguire, Robert Pirog, Donald J. Marples, Phillip Brown, Randy Schnepf, Kelsi Bracmort, Margot L. Crandall-Hollick and Brent D. Yacobucci. 1 p 1842241 Environmental Cleanup and Waste Management, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jonathan L, Ramseur, Coordinator, Carol Glover, Sandra L. Johnson, James D. Wemer, Robert Meltz, Rita ‘Teban, Mary Tiemann, David M. Bearden and Linda Luther. 1 p senane ISA22T2 Environmental Justice and Sustainability, CRS Introductory Statement on, by James V. DeBergh, Coordinator, Emily C. Barbour, Kelsi Bracmort, Cynthia Brougher, Betsy A. Cody, Claudia Copeland, Jeanne M. Dennis, Jeanne J Grimmett, Margaret Mikyung Lee, Jane A. Leggett, Robert Meltz, Brandon J. Murrill, Linda-Jo Schierow, Daniel T. Shedd, Pervaze ‘A, Sheikh, Harold F. Upton, Adam Vann and Kristina Alexander. 1 p 1842288 ORS Expers, by James D. 42630 Environmental Poli Wemer. 5p Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) “Appropriations for FY2013, by Robert Esworthy, David M. Bearden, Mary Tiemann, Jane A. Leggett, James E. McCarty and Claudia Copeland. 36 « 2520 Environmental Protection Agency FY2012 Appropri- ations, by Robert Esworthy. 36 P wn. R42332 ‘The EPA Draft Report of Groundwater Contamina- tion Near Pavillion, Wyoming: Main Findings and Stakeholder Responses, by Peter Folger, David M. Bearden and Mary Tiemann. Po 42327 EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Rules are Challenged ... 94 Times, by Robert Meltz .. WSLGAI EPA’s Proposed Vessel General Permits: ‘Background and Issues, by Claudia Copeland 17D : snnnase RADIAD EPA's Utility MACT: Will the Lights Go Out, 6 James E, MeCarthy. 13 p RadLadEurope's Energy Security: Options and Challenges to ‘Natural Gas Supply Diversification, by Michael Ratner, Coordinator, Jim Nichol, Steven Woehrel and Paul Belkin. 28 p snow.» R42405 Federal Land Management Agencies and Programs: CRS Experts, by Katie Hoover. 2p... R42656 Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data, by Laura A. Hanson, Carol Hardy Vincent, Ross W. Gorte and Mare R. Rosenblum. 24p sno RAQ3AB Federal Lands, CRS Introductory Satoment on, by Ross W. Gorte, Coordinator, Kelsi Bracmort, Kori Calvert, Laura B. Comay, M. Lynne Com, Amy Abel, Laura A. Hanson, Carol Hardy ‘Vineent, Mare Humphries, Sandra L. Johnson, ‘Adam Vann, Kristina Alexander and Peter Folger. 1 p v» 1S42274 Federal Programs Related to Indoor Pollution by Chemicals, by David M. Bearden and Linda-Jo Schierow. 38 p 42620 Financial Performance of the Major Oil Companies, 2007-2011, by Robert Pirog. 9 p a... RA2364 Fish and Wildlife Service: Compensation to 1aeal Governments, by M, Lynne Com. 1Sp . RA2404 Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2013 Appropriations. and Policy, by M. Lynne Com, 9 p .... R42466 Forest Service Payments to Counties — Title 1 ofthe Federal Forests County Revenue, Schools, and Jobs Act of 2012: Issues for Congress, by’ M, Lyane Com, Ross W. Gorte and Kristina Alexander. 23 p ... 1 RA4S2 FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Diseretionary Appropriations Legislation, by Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator, Karen E. Lynch, Maggie McCarty, Jim Monke, William L. Painter, David Randall Peterman, Garrett Hatch, Carl E. Behrens, Ida A. Brudnick, Daniel H. Else, Carol Hardy ‘Vincent, Nathan James and Pat Towell. lp 42082 Gibson Guitar Settles tae ‘Aet Charges, by Kristina ‘Alexander... WSLGISS Global Access to Clean Drinking Water and ‘Sanitation: U.S. and International Programs, by Tiaji Salaam-Biyther. 36 p RAQ7I7 HLR. 1837 — The Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley Water Reliabilit 2p Hunting, Fishing, and Recreational Shooting on Federal Lands: H.R. 4089 and Related Legislation, by Kristina Alexander, Coordinator, Kelsi Bracmort, Eugene H. Buck and M. Lynne Corn. 35 p . R4A2569 68 ‘Hunting, Fishing, Recreational Shooting, and Other Wildlife Measures: 8. 3525, by M. Lynne Com, Coordinator, Kristina Alexander and Eugene H. Buck. 13 p RAQTSI Hydraulic Fracturing, by Brandon J. Murrill and ‘Adam Vann WRE00049 Hydraulic Fracturing and the National Envi Policy Act (NEPA): Selected Issues, by Brandon J, Munill. 7 p Hydraulic Fracturing: Chemical Disclosure ‘Requirements, by Adam Vann and Brandon J. Murrill. 18 p « snes RAZAB] Hydraulic Paral) Fracturing In Unconventional Reservoirs, by Mare Humphries .... WRE00051 ‘Hydropower: Federal and Nonfederal Investment, by Kelsi Bracmort, Adam Vann and Charles V. Stern, 21 p we RAQSTO Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies ‘Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement ‘on, by Carol Hardy Vincent, Coordinator, Kelsi Bracmort, Kori Calvert, M. Lynne Com, Robert Esworthy, R. Sam Garrett, Ross W. Gorte, Elayne J. Heisler, Mare Humphries, Shannon S, Loane, Pervaze A. Sheikh, Jane M. ‘Smith, Charles V. Stem, Amy Abel and David M, Bearden. I p 7 1842320 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations, by Carol Hardy ‘Vincent, Coordinator, R. Sam Garrett, Elayne J Heisler, Mare Humphries, Nathan James, ‘Shannon S, Loane, Pervaze A. Sheik, David M. Bearden, Kelsi Bracmort, M. Lynne Cor, Cassandria Dortch and Robert Esworthy. 8p A525 Intemational Environmental Law, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Daniel T. Shedd, Coordinator, Emily C. Barbour, Cynthia Brougher, Eugene H. Buck, James V. DeBergh, Jeanne J. Grimmett, Curry L. Hagerty, Renée Johnson, Jane A. Leggett, Rabert Meltz, Brandon J. Murrill, Linda-Jo Schierow, Pervaze A. Sheikh, ‘Adam Venn, Jeanne M. Dennis and Kristina ‘Alexander. I p - 1842291 Iran's Threat tothe Strait of Hormuz, by Neelesh ‘Nerurkar, Coordinator, Kenneth Katzman, Coordinator, R. Chuck Mason, Michae! Ratner and Ronald O’Rourke. 20 p RA2335 Is New Hazardous Fuel Reduction Legislation ‘Needed to Reduce Forest Fires?, by Kristina ‘Alexander ... vases WSLGIA3 Klamath Basin Settlement Agreements: Issues in Brief, by Cynthia Brougher, Harold F. Upton and Charles V. Stern, I p RADISB snmental 42502Klamath River Basin: Background and Issues, by Charles V. Sten, Coordinator, Bill Heniff I, Cynthia Brougher, Harold F. Upton and Pervaze A. Sheikh. 38 p - RAD1S7 ‘The Lacey Act: Compliance Issues Related 10 Importing Plants and Plant Products, by Pervaze A. Sheikh. 21 p Lean Finely Textured Beef: The “Pink Slime” Controversy, by Joel L, Greene. 12 p . R42473 A Legal Briefing on the Lacey Act, by Kristina ‘Alexander. 20 P wvunnsnne R42067 Legal Framework of Energy Development, Use and Markets, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Brandon J. Murrill, Coordinator, Richard J. Campbell, Jeanne M. Dennis, Daniel T. Shedd, ‘Adam Vann, Carl E. Behrens and James V. DeBerga. 1 p 1842287 Legal Issues Associated with the Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline, by Kristina Alexander, Kenneth R. Thomas and Adam Vann. 2p. RA2I24 Legislation Could End Permit Limbo for Polar Bear Trophy Imports, by Kristina Alexander «.. RADIID WSLG103 Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastruc~ ture, by Claudia Copeland, Steven Maguire and William J. Mallett. 20 p se RA2AOT Loan Guarantees for Clean Energy Technologies: Goals, Concerns, and Policy Options, by Phillip Brown. 20 p RA2152 “Marcellus Shale Gas: Development Potential and Water Management Issues and Laws, by Mary ‘Tiemann, Coordinator, Robert Melt, Peter Folger, Cynthia Brougher, Anthony Andrews and Claudia Copeland. 44° enunnn RA2333 Market Dynamics That May Have Contributed to Solyndra's Bankruptcy, by Phillip Brown. 9p RA2088 National Park Service: Partnership Parks and Programs, by Laura B. Comay. 20 p .. RA2125 National Park Service: Recent Appropriations ‘Trends, by Laura B. Comay. 17 pw... R42757 ‘The National Wild and Scenic Rivers System: A Brief Overview, by Laura B. Comay and Sandra L. Johnson, 7p RAQ614 ‘The Navy Biofuel Initiative Under the Defense Production Act, by Kelsi Braemort, Jared T. Brown, Daniel H. Else and Anthony Andrews. 19 RASS Nuclear Energy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by ‘Mark Holt, Coordinator, David M. Bearden, Richard J. Campbell, Brent D. Yacobucci, ‘Mark Gurevitz, Paul K. Kerr, Mary Beth 69 Nikitin, Adam Vann, Anthony Andrews and Todd Garvey. 1 p 1842276 ‘Ocean and Coastal Resources, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Eugene H. Buck, Coordinator, Robert Meltz, Adam Vann, Claudia Copeland, Curry L. Hagerty, David M. Bearden, Harold F. Upton, Jane A. Leggett, Jonathan L. Ramseur, Kori Calvert, Kristina Alexander, Mare ‘Humphries, Marjorie Ann Browne, Pervaze A. Sheikh, Peter Folger, Sandra L. Johnson and Amy Abel. I p 842277 Oil and Natural Gas Industry Tax Issues in the FY2013 Budget Proposal, by Robert Pirog OD Dactncandl RA2374 Oil and Natural Gas Markets, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Carl E, Behrens, Coordinator, M, Lynne Com, Carol Glover, Peter Folger, ‘Adam Vann, Paul W. Parfomak, Neelesh ‘Nerurkar, Michael Ramer, Brent D. Yacobueci, Anthony Andrews, Robert Pirog and Mare ‘Humphries. 1 p 1842278 Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal: CRS Experts, by Brent D. “Yacobucei and Michael Ratner. 7 p ... R42667 il Sands and the Keystone XL Pipeline: ‘Background and Selected Environmental Issues, by Jonathan L. Ramseur, Coordinator, ‘Nicole T. Carter, Paul W. Parfomak, Richard K. Lattanzio and Linda Luther. 49 p ... R42611 Proposals to Amend RCRA: Analysis of Pending Legislation Applicable to the Management of Coal Combustion Residuals, by Linda Luther. 36p. v» RADSTO ‘Regulatory Incentives for Electricity Transmissions — Issues and Cost Concerns, by Richard J Campbell. 15 p 42068 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Fred Sissine, Coordinator, Kelsi Bracmort, Phillip Brown, Richard J. Campbell, Lynn J. Cunningham, Eric A. Fischer, Peter Folger, Mark Gurevitz, Curry L, Hagerty, Suzanne M. Kirchhoff, Paul W. Parfomak, Michaela D. Platzer, Beth A. Roberts, Randy Schnepf, Molly F. Sherlock, ‘Adam Vann, Brent D. Yacobueci and Anthony AndreWS. 1 P son 1842280 ‘The Renewable Fuel Standard: Product Liability, by Brandon J. Murrill WSLG62 Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and ‘Analysis, by Margot L. Crandall-Hollick and Molly F. Sherlock. 22 p 42089 Rising Gasoline Prices 2012, by Robert Pirog and ‘Neolesh Nerurkar. 13 P nnnnnnne RAQ382 ‘The Role of the Environmental Review Process in Federally Funded Highway Projects:Background and Issues for Congress, by Linda Luther. 43 p .. : Ra2479 SEC Climate Change Disclosure Guidance: An ‘Overview and Congressional Concems, by Gary Shorter. 9 p Ra2544 Selected Federal Water Activities: Agenci “Authorities, and Congressional Committees, by Betsy A. Cody, Grace Relf, Mary Tiemann and Judy Schneider. 56 p «. . RA2653 ‘Smart Meter Data: Privacy and Cybersecurity, by Brandon J. Murill, Richard M. Thompson I and Edward C. Liu. 45 p R42338 Solar Projects: DOE Section 1705 Loan Guarantees, by Phillip Brown. 8 p 42059 ‘The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Authorization, ‘Operation, and Drawdown Policy, by Robert Pirog and Anthony Andrews. 18 p «... R42460 ‘The Supreme Court Agrees to Decide Whether ‘Logging Road Runoff, When Channeled, ‘Requires a Clean Water Act Permit, by Claudia Copeland and Robert Meltz. 11 p ..... R42587 ‘The Supreme Court Allows Pre-enforcement Review ‘of Clean Water Act Section 404 Compliance Orders: Saket v. EPA, by Robert Mele, 8p 42450 ‘Table Egg Production and Hen Welfare: The UEP> HSUS Agreement and H.R. 3798, by Tadlock Cowan and Joel L. Greene. 21 p ..... RA2534 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): CRS Experts, by Cuny Hagerty. 1 p 7 RA2541 U.S. Crude Oil Production in Federal and Non Federal Areas, by Mare Humphries. 4 p R42432 U.S. Natural Gas Exports: New Opportunities, Uncertain Outcomes, by Michael Ratner, Linda Luther and Paul W. Parfomak. 21 p ... R42074 {US Oi imports and Expos, by Nesesh Nera 32p Ra2465 USS, Renewable Electricity: How Does the Production Tax Credit (PTC) Impact Wind Markets?, by Phillip Brown. 16 pw... R42576 USS. Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support, by Michaela D. Platzer. 29 p 42509 USS. Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage, by James D. ‘Wemer. $4 p i Water Quality Protection, CRS Introductory Siatement on, by Claudia Copeland, Coordinator, Megan Stubbs, Mare Levinson, Sandra L. Johnson, James V. DeBergh, Mary Tiemann and Robert Meltz. 1 p www 1S42285 42513, 70 Water Resources and Water Quality: CRS Experts, by Mary Tiemann and Betsy A Coy BP winceonnr vow RAQGIT Soippaen Heontn slag CRS Introductory Statement on, by Betsy A, Cody, Coordinator, Nicole T. Carter, Coordinator, Cynthia Brougher, Eugene H. Buck, Kori Caivert, Amy Abel, Peter Folger, ‘Sandra L. Johnson, Rawle O. King, Pervaze A. Sheikh, Charles V. Stern, Megan Stubbs, Harold F. Upton, Kelsi Bracmort, Kristina ‘Alexander nd Hames V. DeBerh 1p 7 ‘Weather Reitd Power Outages and Elec Stem Resiliny, by ished 1. Campbel 1842286 15p 42696 ‘Winter Fuels Outlook 2011-2012, by Robert Pirog, 8p. 42090 Federal Government ‘The 2010 Census: Count Question Resolution rogram, by Jennifer D. Williams. 6 p 42092 '501(¢\(3) Organizations: What Qualifies as “Educational”, by Erika K. Lunder. 7 p R42673 8(a) Program for Minority Owned Small Businesses: Facially Constitutional But Potentially Vulnerable to As-Applied Challenges?, by Kate M, Manuel 7 WSLG213 All Nine Justices?: Private Plaintiff Has Standing to Sue the United States to Divest an Indian Trust Acquisition on Aesthetic/Environmental Grounds, by M. Maureen Murphy ... WSLG104 ‘An Analysis of Charitable Giving and Donar Advised Funds, by Jane G. Gravelle and Molly F. Sherlock. 28 p 1 RA2S9S s: CRS Experts, by Justin Murray and RA2638 ‘The Article V Convention for Proposing Constitutional Amendments: Historical Perpetives for Congres by Thomas H Neale. 22 P ssn 42592 ‘The Antic V Convention to Propose Contin “Amendments: Contemporary Issues for ‘Congress, by Thomas H, Neale. 33 p RA2589 ‘Authorization of Appropriations: Procedural and Legal Issues, by Brian T. Yeh and Jessica Tollestrup. 12 p . RA2098 Budget “Sequestration” and Selected Program ‘Exemptions and Special Rules, by Karen Spar, Coordinator, Barbara L. Schwemle, David P. Smole, Elayne J. Heisler, Jim Monke, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Sidath Viranga Panangala,Julie M. Whittaker and Patricia A. Davis. 2p aie 42050 Buy American Act, Buy America Act, Little Buy American Acts, The Berry Amendment: Which is What and Who’s On First?, by John R. Luckey : ‘WSLG76 ‘Campaign Finance, CRS Introductory Statement on, by R. Sam Garrett, Coordinator, Erika K. Lunder, Jessica C. Gerrity, Kathleen Ann Ruane, L. Paige Whitaker, Julius C. Jefferson Jr. and Shawn Reese. 1 p 1842233, ‘Census, Apportionment, and Redistricting, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jennifer D. Williams, Coordinator, Margaret Mikyung Lee, Erika K. Lunder, Jessica C. Gerrity, Gina ‘Stevens, Gerald Mayer, Abigail B. Rudman, L. Paige Whitaker and Royce Crocker. Ip. 142234 ‘Changes to the Government Performance and Results. "Act (GPRA): Overview of the New Framework ns to ety Cli Ta 3p R42379 Citizens United ... A Second Look?, by L. Paige Whitaker 2. WSLG31 ‘Community and Regional Economic Development, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Eugene Boyd, Coordinator, Robert Jay Dilger, Julius C, Jefferson I, Steven Maguire, Mary Tiemann, Carolyn V. Torsell, David M, Bearden, Cassandria Dorteh, Lennard G. Kruger, Edward V. Murphy, Robert Meltz, Tadlock Cowan and Jennifer E. Lake. I p 1842235 ‘Comparing Compensation for Federal and Private- Sector Workers: An Overview, by David H. Bradley. 19 p .. ‘ ne RAD636 Confirmation of U.S. Circuit and District Court ‘Nominations in Presidential Election Years, by Barry J. MeMillion and Denis Steven Rutkus. 2ip .. R42600 ‘Congressional Lawmaking: A Perspective On Secrecy and Transparency, by Walter J Oleszek. 16 p . Congressional Oversight of Agency Public ‘Communications: Implications of Agency New Media Use, by Kevin R. Kosar. 12 p... R42406 Congressional Participation in Article II Courts: Sundinge Sue, by Todd Garvey and Asn M. Dolan. 17. nes RAZASA Congressional Redistricting and the Voting Rights Act A Legal Overview by LPige Whiakr, 1p 42482 Contemporary Developments in Presidential Elections, by R. Sam Garrett, Kevin J. Coleman ‘and Thomas H. Nesle. $0 p 42139 RA2108 n Declaring Fiscal Emergency, San Bernardino Plans to Bypass California's Mediation Process and Proced to Chapter, by Cao Pettit wns WSLGI3T Deductbilty of Corporate Campaign Expenditures, by Erika K. Lunder. 6p RAD381 Definitions of “Inherently Governmental Functions” in Federal Procurement Law and Guidance, ‘by Kate M, Manuel and John R. Luckey. 32pm sens RAZB2S Disposal of Unneeded Federal Buildings: Legislative Proposals in the 112th Congress, by Garrett Hatch. 25 p RA2646 District of Columbia Representation and Oversight, ‘CRS Introductory Statement on, by Eugene Boyd, Coordinator, L. Paige Whitaker, Vivian S. Chu, William J. Krouse, Rebecca R. Skinner, Jennifer E. Lake, Royce Crocker, Steven Maguire, Julius C. Jefferson J., Brin D. Lomax, Jacob R. Straus, Kenneth R. Thomas ‘and Christopher M. Davis. 1 sonn-w IS42238 Domestic Content Legislation: The Buy Ameri- can Act and Complementary Little Buy American Provisions, by John R. Luckey. 16p «- RA2SO1 Do Voter Photo ID Laws Violate the Voting Rights ‘Act?, by L. Paige Whitaker WSLG201 Executive Branch Appointments, CRS Introduc- tory Statement on, by Henry B. Hogue, Coordinator, Richard S. Beth, Maeve P. Carey, Jeffrey W, Seifert, Christopher M. Davis, Jack Maskell, Betsy Palmer, Elizabeth Rybiel Maureen Bearden and Vivian S. Chu. Ip. 1842042 Branch Organization, CRS nrodutory Statement on, by Henry B. Hogue, Coordinator, Vanessa K. Burrows, Catherine Dale, Susan B. Epstein, Todd Garvey, Jefirey W. Seifert, Kevin R. Kosar, Marian Leonardo Lawson, Barbara L. Schwemle, Nina M. Serafino, Pat Towell, Clinton T, Brass and Wendy Ginsberg. Ip. 1842243 Executive Compensation at the U.S. Postal ‘Service: Issues for the 112th Congress, by ‘Wendy Ginsberg and Jalyn Pez 2p _ RA2623, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and FOIA: Information ‘Access Policy for the Government-Sponsored Enterprises, by N. Bric Weiss and Wendy Ginsberg, 16 p . R42080 Federal Contracting and Subcontracting with Small ‘Businesses: Issues in the 112th Congress, by Kate M, Manuel and Erika K. Lunder. 34p . Exec 42390Federal Depository Library Program: Issues for Congress, by Christina M. Bailey, R, Erie Petersen and Jennifer E. Manning. 19p RA2457 Federal Financial Management Reform, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Garrett Hatch, Coordinator, Barbara L. Schwemle, Merete F. Gerli, Cliff Binder, Jeffrey W. Seifert, Hinda Chaikind, Thomas J. Nicola and Jerry W. Mansfield. 1p 1842251 Federalism, CRS Introductory Statement on, by ‘Natalie Keegan, Coordinator, Eugene Boyd, ‘Steven Maguire, Robert Jay Dilger, Garrett Hatch, Jennifer E. Lake, Clinton T. Brass, Kenneth R, Thomas, Kathleen S. Swendiman, Wendy Ginsberg, Julius C. Jefferson Jr., Jeanne J. Grimmett, Richard S. Beth and Merete F. Gerli.1p 1842245 ‘The Federal Workforce: Human Resource Management, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Barbara L. Schwemle, Coordinator, Maeve P, Carey, Wendy Ginsberg, Katelin P. Isaacs, Jeffkey W. Seifert, Jerry W. Mansfield, Kevin R. Kosar, Gerald Mayer, Thomas J. Nicola, Jon O. Shimabukuro, Clinton T. Brass and “Annie L. Mach. 1 p . 142244 Filibuster Reform by Way of the Courts?, by Alissa M, Dolan ‘WSLG73 Financial Services and General Government ‘Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement ‘on, by Garrett Hatch, Coordinator, Mark P. Sullivan, Nils Bjorksten, Jessica C. Gerrty, Jennifer E. Lake, Donald J. Marples, Adam Stoll, Vincent Morelli, Gary J. Pagliano, Glenn J. MeLoughlin, Gerald Mayer, Gary Guenther, R. Sam Garrett, Barbara L. Schwemle, David F. Buirelli, Eugene Boyd, Robert Jay Dilger, Kevin J. Coleman, Kevin R. Kosar, Wendy Ginsberg, L. Elaine Halchin, Patricia Moloney Figliola, Darryl E. Getter and Jefitey W. Seifert. 2 p 7 1842246 Financial Services and General Government: FY2013 Appropriations, by Gaet Hatch 8p i 42730 FLU Preview: Executive Branch Contra of ‘Independent Regulatory Agency Rulemaking, by Daniel T. Shedd . WSLGI97 ‘The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and the Drone Strikes Program, by Gina Stevens .. WsLGss FY2012 Appropriations Overview. Sats of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation, by Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator, Karen E. Lynch, Maggie McCarty, Jim Monke, liam L, Painter, David Randall Peterman, Garrett Hatch, Carl E. Behrens, Ida A. 2 Brudnick, Daniel H. Else, Carol Hardy Vincent, Nathan James and Pat Towell, TP stn 42082 FY2013 Appropriations: District of Columbia, by Eugene Boyd. 13 p « 42657 “Gentlemen's Agreements” with Foreign Entities: Congressional Oversight, by Michael John Garcia WSLGI4 Gifts to the President ofthe United States, by Jack Maskell. 6 P| . RA2662 Gift Tax and 501(c\4)s: Will Anyone Rush in ‘Where the IRS fears to Tread?, by John R. Luckey ‘WSLGI73 Government Ethics and Lobbying, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Jack Maskell, Coordinator, Cassandra L, Foley, L. Paige Whitaker, Marie BB. Morris, Jacob R. Straus, Sandy Streeter, Cynthia Brougher and Jennifer, Manning 1p 1542307 Government Information: Transparency, Access and Protection, CRS Introductory State- ‘ment on, by Wendy Ginsberg, Coordinator, Jennifer K. Elsea, Jefirey W. Seifert, N. Eri ‘Weiss, Edward C. Liu, Todd Garvey, Gina Stevens and Kevin R. Kosar. I p ...-- IS42317 Government Procurement, CRS Introductory Statement on, by L. Elaine Halchin, Coordinator, Valerie Bailey Grasso, John R. Luckey, Jefirey W. Seifert, Kate M. Manuel, Jared Conrad Nagel, Moshe Schwartz, Eric A. 1p Government Procurement in Times of Fiscal Uncertainty, by Erika K. Lunder and Kate M. Manuel. 31 p se RADAED ‘The Holder Contempt: A Case Study in Congres's ‘Authority to Enforce Subpoenas, by Alissa M. Dolan and Todd Garvey ‘WREO0052 House Committee Files Suit to Compel Production of Fast and Furious Documents, by Todd Garvey .. WSLGIT2 How Broad Is the Executive Branch’s Discretion to Enforce Immigration Laws? by Kat M Manuel sea WSLGBS Honting, Fishing, and Receation] Shooting on Federal Lands: H.R. 4089 and Related Legislation, by Kristina Alexander, Coordinator, Kelsi Bracmort, Eugene H. Buck and M, Lynne Com. 35 p 42369 ‘The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA): A Legal ‘Overview, by Jane M. Smith. 15 p wn. R42047 Indian Gaming: Legal Background and the Indian ‘Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), by Jane M. Smith. 24 p .. ne RA2471Indian Tribes and the Federal Government, CRS Introductory Statement on, by M. Maureen ‘Murphy, Coordinator, Todd Garvey, Cynthia Brougher, Carla Berry, Emilie Stoltzfus, ‘Nathan James, Carrie N. Lyons, Katie Jones, Betsy A. Cody, R. Sam Garrett, Eugene Boyd, Natalie Keegan, Ada S. Comell, Thomas H. Neale, James V. DeBergh, Jane M. Smith, Elayne J. Heisler and Cassandria Dorteh. 1p 1842166 Sdiil Branch Appointments, CRS Inroductory ‘Statement on, by Denis Steven Rutkus, Coordinator, Maureen Bearden, Richard S. Beth, Henry B. Hogue, Jessica C, Gerrit Betsy Palmer, Elizabeth Rybicki, Vivian 8. Chu, Kenneth R. Thomas, Emily C. Barbour ‘and Walter J. Oleszek. 1p 1842250 Laws Affecting the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP), by Ada S. Comell and Annie L. Mach. 39 p... RAQ741 Legal Authorities Governing Federal Contracting ‘and Subcontracting with Small Businesses, by Kate M. Manuel and Erika K. Lunder. 23p 42391 Legal lasues Regarding Consus Data for Reapportionment and Redistricting, by Margaret Mikyung Lee. 10 p.. 42483, Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Broceies, and RevootPropotls, by La Brudnick.9 p ... 42072 Legislative Branch Appropriations, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Ida A. Brudnick, Coordinator, Tessica C. Gerrity, Jacob R. Straus, R. Eric Petersen and Matthew Eric Glassman. Ip snnre TS42260 Legislative Branch: FY2013 Appropriations, by Ida A. Brudnick. 24 p 42500 Length of Time from Nomination to Confirmation for “Uncontroversial” U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominees: Detailed Analysis, by Barry J ‘McMillion. 17 p ssstaes RAZTBZ Medical Marijuana: The Supremacy Clause, Federal- ism, and the Interplay Between State and Federal Laws, by Todd Garvey. 17 p .. R42398 Midnight Rulemaking, by Maeve P. Carey, ISP 42612 Nominations to U.S. Circuit and Distriet Courts by President Obama During the 111th and 112th Congresses, by Barry J. MeMillion. BP in . RADSS “No Serious Doubt” About It: Citizens United Applies to State Law Prohibiting Campaign Expenditures, by L. Paige Whitaker . WSLG94 ‘Oversight: Congress and the Executive Branch, CRS Introductory Statement on, by L. Elaine Halchin, Coordinator, Clinton T. Brass, Vanessa K. Burrows, Christopher M. Davis, Alissa M. Dolan, Todd Garvey, Matthew Glassman, Richard F. Grimmett, Jennifer E. Manning, R. Chuck Mason, Walter J. Oleszek, Betsy Palmer, Elizabeth Rybicki, Jeffrey W. Seifert and Richard S. Beth. 1p ..... 1942252 Oversight: Congress and the Executive Branch, CRS Introductory Statement on, by L. Elaine Halchin, Coordinator, Clinton T. Brass, Vanessa K, Burrows, Christopher M. Davis, Alissa M. Dolan, Todd Garvey, Matthew Eric Glassman, Richard F. Grimmett, Jennifer E. Manning, R. Chuck Mason, Walter J. Oleszek, Betsy Paimer, Elizabeth Rybicki, Jefirey W. Seifert and Richard S. Beth. 1 p vn. 1S42318 ‘An Overview and Analysis of FLR. 3010, the Regulatory Accountability Act of 2011, by Vanessa K, Burrows and Maeve P. Carey. 81p me re RAZIO4 Performance of Inherently Governmental and Critical Functions: The Obama Administra- tion’s Final Policy Letter, by Kate M. Manuel, Erika K. Lunder and L. Elaine Halchin, 28p - RA2039 Political Ads: Issue Advocacy or Campaign Activity [under he Tae Cod, bir. Lae. A684 ce: Coletive Bargining by Thomas Nicola. 3 p .. 42491 Post-Employment, “Revolving Door,” Laws for Feral Persontel by Jack Masel IB Pamnn RA2728 Presidential Claims of Executive Privilege, by Todd Garvey ‘WSLG86 Presidential Clams of Beecutve Privilege History, Law, Practice, and Recent Developments, by Alissa M. Dolan and Todd Garvey. 39p ‘The Presidential Nominating Process and the ‘National Party Conventions, 2012: Frequently Asked Questions, by Kevin J. Coleman, 21p i 42533 otal Review of Independent Regulatory ‘Commission Rulemaking: Legal Issues, by Daniel T. Shedd and Vivian S. Chu 24 on ww RAD720 President Obama's January 4, 2012, Recess ‘Appointments: Legal Issues, by Todd Garvey, ‘Alissa M. Dolan, Vivian S. Chu and David H. Carpenter. 39 p RAD323 42670Prosecutorial Discretion and Criminal Contempt of Congress, by Todd Garvey WSLGII1 Protests of Task and Delivery Orders: Recent Developments in the Law, by Erika K. Lunder and Kate M. Manuel. 10 . RA2049 (Qualifications for President and the “Natural Bora” Citizenship Elly Requirement, by Jack Maskell. 50 p sone RA2097 Recent Purchases of Ammunition Raise Questions about What Agencies May Buy, And When, by Kate M. Manuel WSLG219 Recess Appointments Made by President Barack ‘Obama, by Maureen Bearden and Henry B. Hogue. 15 p i RA2329 Reexamination of Agency Reporting Requirements: ‘Annual Process Under the GPRA Modemniza- tion Act of 2010 (GPRAMA), by Clinton T. Brass. 17p sees RAZADO Regulations and Rulemaking, CRS Toredoctory ‘Statement on, by Maeve P. Carey, Coordinator, ‘Vanessa K. Burrows, Linda-Jo Schietow, Todd Garvey, Jefirey W. Seifert, Maureen Bearden, James E. McCarthy, Claudia Copeland, Megan ‘Stubbs, Robert Jay Dilger, Clinton T. Brass and Eric A. Fischer. 1 p sense TSA2253 Representatives and Senators: Trends in Member ‘Characteristics Since 1945, by R. Erie Petersen, Coordinator, R. Sam Garrett, Amber Hope Wilhelm, Jennifer E. Manning, Jacob R. Straus, Jennifer D. Williams, Ida A. Brudnick and Matthew Eric Glassman. 36 p 42365, Retirement Benefits for Federal Law Enforcement Personnel, by Tessa Conroy and Katelin P. Isaacs. 13 p RA2631 ‘A Retrospective of House Rules Coanges Since the 110th Congress, by Judy Schneider and Michael L. Koempel. 52 p 42395 Secret Sessions of the House and Senate: Authority, Confidentiality, and Frequency by Betsy Palmer. 6 P enran renee RAZOG ‘Senate Committee Rules in the 112th Congress: A. ‘Comparison of Key Provisions, by Betsy Palmer. 29 p 42361 Separation of Powers: Congress and the Executive Branch, CRS Introductory Statement on, by “Matthew Eric Glassman, Coordinator, Henry B. Hogue, Kevin R. Kosar, Maureen Bearden, ‘Michael John Garcia, Cynthia Brougher, TJ Halstead, Vanessa K. Burrows, Vivian S. Chu, Kate M. Manuel, Jessica C. Gerrity, Betsy Palmer, Todd Garvey and Richard F. Grimmett. Ip 1S42255 Sequestration: Could It Affect Existing Contracts?, by Kate M. Manuel WSLGi49 74 Sequestration: Questions Raised about the Extent of Savings Through Cus to Existing Conrats, by Kate M. Manuel WSLG148 Sequestration: What Might It Mean for Federal ‘Contractors?, by Kate M. Manuel .. WSLG126 ‘The Small Business Lending Fund, by Robert Jay Dilger. 24 p . RA2045 Sourcing Policy: Selected Developments and Issues, by L. Elaine Halchin. 53 p .. RABAT ‘The Speech or Debate Clause: Constitutional Back- ground and Recent Developments, by Todd Garvey and Alissa M. Dolan. 19 p won. R42648 Subsidy Cost of Federal Credit: Cost to the Govern ‘ment or Fair Value Cost?, by James M. Bickley. 13 p Ra2s03 “Super PACS" in Federal Elections: Overview and Issues for Congress, by R, Sam Garrett, 21p Ra2042 Supreme Court Implicitly Extends the “Statute of Limitations” for Actions Challenging U.S. Title to Indian Trust Land: From 30 Days to 6 Years, by M. Maureen Murphy WSLGIIS ‘Tax-Exempt Organizations and Charitable Giving, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Erika K. Lunder, Coordinator, Cynthia Brougher, Marie B, Mortis, Jennifer Teefy, L. Paige Whitaker, Jane G. Gravelle and Molly F. Sherlock. Ip 142168 ‘Trade Reorganization: Overview and Issues for ‘Congress, by Shayerah Has. 29 p ..... R42555 ‘Tribal Criminal Jurisdiction over Non-Indians in the Violence Against Women Act Reauthori tion and the SAVE Native Women Act, by Richard M, Thompson I and Jane M. Smith ISp.. snnweness RAQABE ‘Upcoming Rules Pursuant to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Fall 2011 Unitied ‘Agenda, by Michelle D. Christensen and Maeve P. Carey. 30 p 42431 U.S. Postal Service: Background and Analysis of H.R. 2309 and S. 1789 in the 112th Congress, by Kevin R, Kosar. 13 p «. - RA2590 ‘The U.S. Postal Service, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Kevin R. Kosar, Coordinator, Jerry W. Mansfield, Jeflrey W. Seifert, Janemarie Mulvey, Katelin P. Isaacs, Scott Szymendera, Wendy Ginsberg and Thomas I Niola to . 1842258 ‘The USS, Postal Service's Use of Contractors to Deliver Mail: Background and Recent Devel- opments, by Kevin R. Kosar, 9 p ne R42549 US. Public Diplomacy: Legislative Proposals to ‘Amend Prohibitions on DisseminatingMaterials to Domestic Audiences, by Matthew C. Weed. 21 p .. 42754 ‘Voting and Elections, CRS Introductory Statement ‘an, by Kevin J. Coleman, Coordinator, Eric A. Fischer, Julius C. Fefferson Jr., Jessica C. Gerrity, Jack Maskell, Thomas H. Neale, L, Paige Whitaker, Royce Crocker and Tennifer E. Manning. Up csnsonn ISA2259 ‘When Congressional Legislation Interferes with Existing Contact: Lega nue, by Robert Meltz. 17 p 42635 leblower Protections Under Federal Law. An Overview, by L. Paige Whitaker and Jon O. Shimabukuro. 22 p non RATT Who “Vets” a Presidential Candidate's Eligiblity?, by Jack Maskell... WSLG3 Foreign Policy ‘The 2013 NDAA: Will Congress Act Again on ‘Warime Detention Policy? by Micha! Jobn GaECIB nnn snnnee WSLG26 Afghanistan-Pakistan, CRS Introductory Statement on, by K. Alan Kronstadt, Coordinator, Kenneth Katzman, Coordinator, Susan B. Epstein, Ben Dolven, Rhoda Margesson, Moshe Schwartz, Curt Tammoff, Liana Sun ‘Wyler, Zoe Danon, Catherine Dale, Amy Belasco and Hussein D, Hassan. 1 p .. IS42302 Agricultural Trade, CRS Introductory Statement on, bby Remy Jurenas, Coordinator, Carol Canada, J. Michael Donnelly Ian F. Fergusson, Joe! L. Greene, Ralph M, Chite, Charles E. Hanrahan, Melissa D. Ho, Renée Johnson, Randy Schnepf, Carolyn C. Smith, Brock R. Williams, Emily C. Barbour and Jeanne J. Grimmett Ap te 1542304 Appropriations: CRS Experts, by Justin Muray and Jennifer E. Lake. 14 p en RA2638 Arms Sales and Military Exports, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Richard F. Grimmett, Coordinator, Shirley A. Kan, George Mangan, Nathan J Laas, Christopher M. Blanchard and Paul K. Kerr. 1 p 1 1842197 Asian Regionalism, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Michael F. Martin, Coordinator, Ben Dolven, J. Michael Donnelly, Ian F. Fergusson, Hannah Fischer, Bruce Vaughn, K. Alan Kronstadt, Susan V. Lawrence, Thomas Lum, ‘Mark E. Manyin, Rhoda Margesson, Wayne M. Monson, Emma Chanlet-Avery and Shey A.Kan. I'p semene 142198 ‘The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) ‘Meetings in Honolulu: A Preview, by Michael F. Martin. 8p . 42071 The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Vladivostok, Russia: A Preview, by Michacl F. Martin. 9 p 42674 Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements, CRS Introductory Statement on, by LF. Honbect, Coordinator, Richard S, Beth, Wi Cooper, Ben Dolven, J Michael Donal ln F. Fergusson, Jeanne J. Grimmett, Remy Jurenas, Michael F. Martin, Wayne M, Morrison, Michaela D. Platzer, Carolyn C. ‘Smith, M, Angeles Villarreal, Ruth Ellen ‘Wasem, Brock R. Williams, Mary A. Irace, Raymond J. Aheam, Emily C. Barbour, Mary Jane Bolle and Benjamin Collins. Ip - . 1842199 Building Civilian Iterageney Capacity fr Missions ‘Abroad: Key Proposals and Issues for ‘Congress, by Nina M, Serafino, Pat Towell and Catherine Dale. 82 p RA2133 Burma’s April Parliamentary By-Elections, by Michael F. Martin. 11 pan. RA2438 Burma's Political Prisoners and U.S. Sanctions, by Michael F. Martin. 13 p ves RAIS63 (Canada, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Tan F. Fergusson, Coordinator, Carl Ek, Coordinator, James K. Jackson, Richard J. Campbell, Remy Jurenas, Jeanne J. Grimmett, Robert Pirog, Rachel Tang, M. Angeles Villarreal, Mary A. Irace, Peter J. Meyer, Shayerah Ilias, Mare R. Rosenblum, Neelesh Nerurkar, Michael Ratner, Ronald O’Rourke, Randy ‘Schnepf, William H. Cooper, Ross W. Gorte, Vincent Morelli, Kristina Alexander, Paul W. Parfomak and Rebecca M. Nelson. 2p 1842200 ‘Caucasus and Central Asia, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Jim Nichol, Coordinator, ‘Amy F. Wooif, Vincent Morelli, Sherry B. Shapiro, Michael Rater, Jim Zanotti, Kenneth Katzman and Susan V. Lawrence. i hae 1842201 CChange in the Middle East Implications for US. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard, Coordinator, Jim Zanotti, Jeremy M. Sharp, Kenneth Katzman, Zoe Danon and Alexis Arieff. 21 p 42393 China and Taiwan, CRS Introductory Statement on, ‘by Thomas Lum, Coordinator, Richard J ‘Campbell, Patricia Moloney Figliola, Hannah Fischer, Jeanne J. Grimmett, Shirley A. Kan, ‘Mare Labonte, Richard K. Lattanzio, Susan V. Lawrence, Jane A. Leggett, Michael F. Martin, Wayne M. Mortison, Ronald O*Rourke, Rachel ‘Tang, Ben Dolven and Luisa Blanchfiel. Ip o - 1842202China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy, by Thomas Lum, Coordinator, Matthew C. Weed and Patricia Moloney Figliola. 20 p 42601 China's Vice President Xi Jinping Visits the United ‘States: What Is at Stake?, by Susan V. Lawrence. 10 p . “. RAB42 Civilian Extraterrtorial Jurisdiction Act: Federal Contractor Criminal Liability Overseas, by Charles Doyle. 16 p ... snnne RAD3SE Conflict Minerals in Central Aftica: U.S. and Intemational Responses, by Nicolas Cook 34. RAD618 Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nation, ‘2004-2011, by Richard F. Grimmett and Paul K. Kerr. 85 p snore RADETE Countering Violent Extremism in the United States, by Jerome P. Bjelopera. 29 p .. 142553 Crisis In Mali, by Alexis Arieff and Kelly Johnson. 16p.. 1. RA2664 ‘eli tatieiation asa axprepion 8 Introductory Statement on, by Pat Towel, Coordinator, Amy Belasco, Stephen Daggett, Nese F. DeBruyne, Daniel H. Else, Jennifer K. Elsea, Andrew Feickert, Michael John Garcia, Jeremiah Gertler, Richard F. Grimmett, Charles ‘A, Henning, Steven A. Hildreth, R. Chuck Mason, Thomas J. Nicola, Ronald O° Rourke, ‘Nina M. Serafino, Amy F. Woolf, Gary J Pagliano and D. Andrew Austin. 1p .. 1S42205 Defense: FY2013 Authorization and Appropriations, by Pat Towell. 65 p 42607 ‘The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR): Developments in Trade and Investment, by LF. Hombeck. 27 p. RA2468 ‘The Endangered Species Act (ESA) as Implementing Legislation for International Treaties, by Kristina Alexander. 13 p vow RA2447 Europe and the EU, CRS Introductory Statement on, bby Derek E. Mix, Coordinator, Raymond J. ‘Abearn, Kristin Archick, Paul Belkin, William H. Cooper, Carl Ek, Charles E. Hanrahan, James K. Jackson, Lisa Mages, Rebecca M. Nelson, Steven Woehrel and Vincent Morelli. A Pio 1842206 ‘The Eurozone Crisis: Overview and Issues for ‘Congress, by Rebecca M. Nelson, Coordinator, Derek E. Mix, Martin A. Weiss and Paul Belkin, 20 p ... A237 Foreign Aid, CRS Introductory Statement on, by ‘Susan B. Epstein, Coordinator, Marian Leonardo Lawson, Dianne E. Rennack, ‘Matthew C. Weed, Luisa Blanchfield, Ted Dagne, Catherine Dale, Richard F. Grimmett, 16 Charles E. Hanrahan, Thomas Lum, Rhoda ‘Margesson, John Rollins, Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Julie Kim and Curt Tarnoff. 1p nn 1842208 FY2013 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke, Catherine Dale, Stephen Dageett and Charles A. Henning .. WRE00044 FY2013 Defense Budget Request: Overview and Context, by Pat Towel and Stephen ages. BOD scien snes RAZ4S9 Global Health, Human Rights, and Humanitarian Policy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by. ‘Rhoda Margesson, Coordinator, Alexandra E. Kendall, Coordinator, Marjorie Ann Browne, ‘Andorra Bruno, Karma Ester, Patricia Moloney Figliola, Michael John Garcia, Julie Kim, Lauren Ploch, Tiafi Salaam-Biyther, Nina M. Serafino, Pervaze A. Sheikh, Maureen Taft- Morales, Curt Tamoff, Bruce Vaughn, Ruth Ellen Wasem, Liana Sun Wyler, Luisa Blanchfield, Alexis Arieff and Marian Leonardo Lawson. 2p .. Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF}: 142309 ‘Summary and Issue Overview, by Nina M. Serafino. 12_p nnn RADGAL ‘Guantanamo Detainees’ Bar Wins One, by Jennifer K. Elsea . WSLG226 Catena: Poca, Security, and Socio-Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations, by Maureen ‘Taft-Morales. 15 p sone RAZSBO Haiti Under President Martelly: Current Conditions and Congressional Concerns, by Maureen Taft-Morales. 22 p earn sms RA2SS9 House-Passed No Safe Harbor Bill Would Outlaw USS, Plots to Engage in Foreign Drug ‘Trafficking, by Charles Doyle «nm WSLGS Immigration Provisions of the Violence Against ‘Women Act (VAWA), by William A. Kandel 31p 42477 In Brief: Assessing DOD’s New Strategic Guidance, by Pat Towell and Catherine Dale. 8 p R42146 Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces ‘Abroad, 1798-2012, by Richard F. Grimmett. 35 RAIT3B Intemational Climate Change: What to Expect atthe Durban Conference, December 2011, by Jane A. Leggett. 10 p .. RADIO Intemational Finaneal Institutions, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Martin A. Weiss, Coordinator, Emily C. Barbour, 3. Michael Donnelly, Jenifer K. Elsea, Carolyn C. Smith, Mary A. Irace, James K. Jackson, Mare Labonte, Richard K. Lattanzio, Rebecca M. Nebn, Raymond beam and JF. Homberk Ip.. evn 1842210International Food Aid and Global Food Security, ‘CRS Introductory Statement on, by Melissa D. Ho, Coordinator, Randy Schnepf, Carol Canada, Rebecca M. Nelson, Ralph M. Chite, Luisa Blanchfield, Susan B. Epstein, Alexandra E. Kendall, Marian Leonardo Lawson, Charles E, Hanrahan and Alexis Arieff. 1 p 1842305, Intemational Law and US. Sovereignty, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jennifer K. Elsea, Coordinator, Michael John Garcia, R. Chuck Mason, Charles Doyle, Margaret Milkyung Lee, Robert Meltz, Marjorie Ann Browne, Edward C. Liu, Jeanne J. Grimmett, Erika K. Lunder, Alison M. Smith, Emily C. Barbour, Rhoda Margesson, Martin A. Wei and Larry M. Big, 1 P emsnon 1842289 Intemational Security and Agencies’ Roles, CRS. Introductory Statement on, by Nina M. Serafino, Coordinator, lan F. Fergusson, Henry B, Hogue, Marian Leonardo Lawson, Lisa Mages, Rhoda Margesson, R. Chuck Mason, Lauren Ploch, John Rollins, Barbara L. Schwemle, Moshe Schwartz, Curt Tamoff, Pat ‘Towell, Matthew C, Weed, Martin A. Weiss, Liana Sun Wyler, Julie Kim, Marjorie Ann Browne, Stephen Daggett, Catherine Dale, Jennifer K. Elsea, Susan B. Epstein, Andrew Feickert, Michael John Garcia and Richard F. Grimmett. 2 p 1842012 Iran, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Kenneth Katzman, Coordinator, Jennifer K. Elsea, Jeanne J. Grimmett, Hussein D. Hassan, Steven ‘A. Hildreth, Shayerab Ilias, Shirley A. Kan, Paul K. Kerr, Neclesh Nerurkar, Michael Ratner, Dianne E. Rennack, Jeremy M. Sharp, ‘Mark P. Sullivan, Jim Zanotti, Zoe Danon and Christopher M. Blanchard. 1 p neu IS42213 Iran’s Threat to the Strait of Hormuz, by Neelesh ‘Nerurkar, Coordinator, Kenneth Katzman, Coordinator, R. Chuck Mason, Michael Ratner ‘and Ronald O'Rourke. 20 p 1 RA2335 Israel: Possible Military Strike Against ran’s ‘Nuclear Facilities, by Jim Zanotti, Coordinator, Jeremiah Gertler, Steven A. Hildreth and Kenneth Katzman. 48 p 42443 Japan's Possible Entry Into the Trans-Pacific Partnership and Its Implications, by Mark E. Manyin and William H. Cooper. 18 p . R42676 Kim Jong-il's Death: Implication for North Korea’s ‘Stability and U.S, Policy, by Mark E. Manyin. Bp . R42126 Korean Peninsula and Japan, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Mark E. Manyin, Coordinator, Emma Chanlett-Avery, William H, Cooper, Hannah Fischer, Steven A. 1 Hildreth, Mark Holt, Remy Jurenas, Shirley A. Kan, Susan V. Lawrence, Rhoda Margesson, Mary Beth Nikitin, Michaela D. Platzer, Dianne E. Rennack, Liana Sun Wyler, Michael Marin, lan F Fergusson, Ben Dolven and Bill Canis. 1 p . IS42214 Latin America and the Caribbean, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Mark P. Sullivan, Coordina- tor, June S. Beittel, Mary Jane Bolle, Susan G. ‘Chesser, Kristin M, Finklea, Julissa Gomez- Granger, JF. Hombeck, Ruth Ellen Wasem, ‘Anne Leland, Rhoda Margesson, Peter J. Meyer, Neelesh Nerurkar, Clare Ribando Seelke, Maureen Taft-Morales, Barbara Salazar Torreon, M. Angeles Villarreal, Vincent Morelli and Remy Jurenas. 1 p 1S42215 Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy and Key Issues for Congress in 2012, by Mark P. Sullivan, Coordinator, Anne Leland, Peter J. Meyer, Clare Ribando Seelke, June S. Beittel and Maureen Taft-Morales. 21 p snu. 42360 Lebanon and the Uprising in Syria: Issue for Con= gress, by Rebecca A. Hopkins. 16 p .... R42339 ‘The Lord's Resistance Army: The U.S, Response, by Lauren Ploch and Alexis Arieff. 20 p .. R42094 ‘Mexican Migration to the United States: Policy and ‘Trends, by Marc R. Rosenblum, Coordinator, Clare Ribando Seeike, Ruth Ellen Wasem and William A. Kandel. 42 p . 42560 Minis Toa ass by Cla Rie See Isp RA2548 le East and North Africa, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Christopher M. Blanchard, Coordinator, Cynthia Brougher, Mary Jane Bolle, Marjorie Ann Browne, Zoe Danon, Hussein D. Hassan, Shayerah Ilias, Kenneth Katzman, Paul K, Kerr, Rebecca M. Nelson, ‘Neelesh Nerurkar, Michael Ratner, Jeremy M, Sharp, Martin A. Weiss, Jim Zanotti and Alexis Arieff. 1p 1842217 Miltary Construction: A Snapshot ofthe President's ¥Y2013 Appropriations Request by Daniel H Else, 4p snes RADBIO NATO, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Paul Belkin, Coordinator, Jim Nichol, Steven Woehrel, Amy F. Woolf, Lisa Mages, Catherine Dale, Carl Ek, Kenneth Katzman, Derek E. Mix and Vincent Morell 1p 1842291 NATO's Chicago Summit, by Pan Ben, 4p Ra2529 ‘Numerical Limits on Employment-Based Inmigra- tion: Analysis of the Per-Country Ceilings, by Ruth Ellen Wasem. 27 p 42048Organization of American States: Background and Issues for Congres, by Peer J Myer, 28p nnn, RA239 Organized Crime, Drug ‘ralficking, and Gangs, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jerome P. Bjelopera, Coordinator, Liana Sun Wyler, Coordinator, Luisa Blanchfield, Vivian S. Chu, Charles Doyle, Kristin M. Finklea, Michael John Garcia, James K. Jackson, Lisa M. ‘Seghetti, William J. Krouse, Peter J. Meyer, Lauren Ploch, Clare Ribando Seelke, John Rollins, Lisa N. Sacco, Pervaze A. Sheik, Alison Siskin, Catherine A. Theobary, Brian T. Yeh, Julie Kim, June S. Beitel and Kenneth Katzman. 2p 1842188 Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Aid Conditions, Restric- tions, and Reporting Requirements, by K, Alan Kronstadt and Susan B. Epstein, 1p. RADE Peru in Brief: Political and Eeonomie Conditions and ‘Relations with the United States, by Maureen Taft-Morales. 11 p . on RADS23 Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama Administration's “Rebalancing” Toward Asia, by Mark E. Manyin, Coordinator, Bruce Vaughn, Ronald O'Rourke, Michael F. Martin, Susan V. Lawrence, Ben Dolven and Stephen Daggett. 29p.. . RA24AB, prescription Drug Monitoring Programs, by Kristin M. Finklea, Lisa N. Sacco and Erin Bagalman. 2p RA2593 Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: Results of the 2012 Elections, by Michael F. Martin. Mp. .. R42746 Recent Protests in Muslim Countries: Background ‘and Issues for Congress, by Christopher M. Blanchard, Coordinator, John Rollins, Lauren Ploch Blanchard, K. Alan Kronstadt, Jeremy M, Sharp, Alexis Arieff, Kenneth Katzman, ‘Alex Tiersky, Matthew C. Weed, Kristin “Archick, Luisa Blanchfield, Jim Zanotti, Bruce ‘Vaughn, William J. Krouse, Paul Belkin and Ben Dolven. 21 p _ RA2743 Rio+20; The United Nations Conference on ‘Sustainable Development, June 2012, by Nicole T. Carter and Jane A. Legget 4p sn RADSTB Russia, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jim ‘Nichol, Coordinator, Steven Woehrel, William H, Cooper, Vincent Morelli, Derek E. Mix, Lisa Mages, Michael Ratner, Amy F. Woolf and Jonathan Medalia. 1 p 1842223 Russia’s Accession to the WTO and Its Implications for the United States, by William H. Cooper. 20 P enn . RA2085 8 Russia's December 2011 Legislative Election: Outcome and Impliations, by J Nic 10p .- RAIS, Russia’s March 2012 Presidential Election: Out- ‘come and Implications, by Jim 12p Senkaku (DiaoywDiaoyutai) Islands Dispute: US, Trey Obligations, by Mark E, Many, 7p : RAQ761 South Asia, CRS Introductory Statement on, by K. Alan Kronstadt, Coordinator, Susan B. Epstein, Ian F, Fergusson, Paul K. Kerr, Ben Dolven, Michael F. Martin, Mary Beth Nikitin, Bruce ‘Vaughn, Ruth Ellen Wasem, Susan G. Chesser and Jane A. Leggett. 1 p 1842224 Southeast Asia, Australasia, and the Pacific Islands, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Ben Dolven, Coordinator, Michael F. Martin, Wayne M. Morrison, Ronald O'Rourke, Bruce ‘Vaughn, Mark E. Manyin, Rhoda Margesson, ‘Emma Chanlett-Avery, lan F. Fergusson, Shirley A. Kan, Thomas Lum and Nicole T. Carter. 2 p . 1842225 state and Foreiga Operations Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator, Curt Taroff, Tinji Salaam-Blyther, Alexandra E. Kendall, Amy Belasco, Luisa Blanchfield, Marjorie Ann Browne, Dianne E. Rennack, Lisa Mages, ‘Susan G, Chesser, Rebecca M. Nelson, Melissa 1D, Ho, Charles E, Hanrahan, Richard K. Lattanzio, Julie Kim, Ralph M. Chite, James D. Wemer, Mary A. Irace and Susan B. Epstein. lipases . 1842227 de, Boreign Operations, so Rakes Progam FY2013 Budget and Appropriations, by Susan BB. Epstein, Alex Tiersky and Marian Leonardo Lawson. 32 p .» RA2621 ‘Sub-Saharan Africa, CRS Introductory Statement on, bby Lauren Ploch, Coordinator, Tiaji Salaam- Blyther, Hussein D. Hassan, Brock R. Williams, Vivian C. Jones, Curt Tamoff, Zoe anon, Ted Dagne, Nicolas Cook, Alexis Arieff, Rhoda Margesson, Martin A. Weiss, Charles E. Hanrahan, Alexandra B, Kendall and Marjorie Ann Browne. 1 p 1842208 ‘Ten Years after 9-11: The U.S. Response, by Shawn Reese, Bart Elias, Sarah A. Lister and Frank Gottron sess WREOOO38. “hae ul Conran Poli, CR Introductory Statement on, by John Rollins, Coordinator, Alexis Arieff, Jennifer K. Elsea, ‘George Mangan, Lisa Mages, Martin A. Weiss, Lauren Ploch, Jeremy M. Sharp, Edward C. Liu, William L. Painter, Charles Doyle, Paul K. Kerr, Julie Kim, Jerome P. Bjelopera, JonathanMedalia, Frank Gottron, Kenneth Katzman, Mark E. Manyin, K. Alan Kronstadt, Bruce ‘Vaughn, Ted Dagne, Susan B. Epstein, Jim Zanotti, Shirley A. Kan, Christopher M. Blanchard, Andrew Feickert and Liana Sun Wyler. 2p 1842229 Timor-Leste: Political Dynamics, Development, and International Involvement, by Ben Dolven, Bruce Vaughn and Rhoda Margesson. 1p A585 “Putin Ppt eer talons ent Foreign Policy Issues for Congress, by Liana ‘Sun Wyler. 33 p 42497 ‘The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress, by Ian F. Fergusson, Coordinator, Remy Jurenas, Brock R. Williams and William H, Cooper. 50 p 42694 ‘Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: ‘Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis, by Brock R. Williams. 34 p 42344 ‘The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Issues in the U.S. Ratification Debate, by Luisa Blanchtfeld, Coordinator, James V. DeBergh and Cynthia Brougher. 23 p : (RATED United Nations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Luisa Blanchfield, Coordinator, Susan G. Chesser, Jennifer K. Elsea, Michael John Garcia, Jane A. Leggett, Julie Kim, Dianne E. Rennack, Nina M. Serafino, Curt Tanoff, Sherry B. Shapiro, Matthew C. Weed, Emily C. Barbour and Rhoda Margesson. eee eee 1842230, U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 2004-2011, by Richard F. Grimmett. 6p .. wm» RAQT37 U.S.-China Diplomacy Over Chinese Legal Advocate Chen Guangcheng, by Thomas Lum and Susan V. Lawrence. 18 p .. RA25S4 USS. Defense Articles and Services Supplied to Foreign Recipients: Restrictions on Their Use, by Richard F. Grimmett. 7 p | RAD385 USS. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2013 Appropriations, by Mark P. Sullivan and Peter J. Meyer. 44 p . RADSR2 ‘The USS. Military Presence in Okinawa and the Futenma Base Controversy, by Ian E. Rinehart and Emma Chanlett-Avery. 16p RAD6AS USS. Trade and Investment in the Middle East and ‘North Africa: Overview and Issues for Congress, by Rebecca M. Nelson, Shayerah Ilias and Mary Jane Bolle. 36 p RADS3 9 Wartime Contracting in Afghanistan: Analysis and Isso for Congress, by Mose Schwarz ITP RA2084 ‘What Are “Technical Barriers to Trade", by Jeanne I. Grimmett "WSLG4S WMD and Missile Proliferation, CRS Introductory ‘Statement on, by Mary Beth Nikitin, Coordi- nator, Amy F. Woolf, Dianne E. Rennack, Jonathan Medalia, Shirley A. Kan, Paul K. Kerr and Steven A. Hildreth. 1 p . 1842231 Health 10th Amendment Mystery: Why Did the Supreme Court Accept a Federalism Challenge to Medicaid? by Kenneth R. Thomas .. WSLG23 501(¢)(3) Hospitals: Proposed IRS Rules under '§9007 of the Affordable Care Act, by Erika K. Lunder and Edward C. Liu. 9 p RA2634 Abortion, Family Planning, and Reproductive Health, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Jon O. Shimabukuro, Coordinator, David F. Burrell Judith A. Johnson, Kenneth R. Thomas, Angela Napili, Vastine D. Platte, Amanda K. Sarata, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Luisa Blanchfield and Marie B. Mortis. 1 p 1842159 Addressing Medicare Hospital Readmissions, by Geofiey J. Hofliman and Sibyl Tilson. 54 Pee RaD546 Affordable Care Act: Litigation Resources, by Eva M, Tarnay and Julia Taylor. 10 p ...... RA2437 Appropriations: CRS Expert, by Justin Murray and Jennifer E. Lake. 14 p . RA2638 ‘A Brief Overview of Actions Taken by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) in Its First Year, by Sean M. Hoskins. 5 p Ra2615 Buckyball” Body-Piercing Injuries Result in Rarely ‘Used Consumer Product Safety Commission Administrative Action, by Margaret Mikyung Lee serene WSLGITA Budget Control Act: Potential Impact of Auto- ‘matic Spending Reduction Procedures on Meath Reform, by C. Stephen Redhead 2p. RA2OSI Badge “Sequesttlo” and Selected Progra “Exemptions and Special Rules, by Karen Spar, Coordinator, Barbara L. Schwemie, David P. Smole, Elayne J. Heisler, Jim Monke, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Sidath Viranga Panangala, Julie M. Whittaker and Patricia A. Davis. 2p 42050 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Presi- dent's FY2013 Budget, by Alison Mitchel, Coordinator, Paulette C. Morgan, Coordinator,Carol Rapaport, Wendy H. Schacht, Scott R. Talaga, Sibyl Tilson, Elicia J. Herz, Annie L. Mach, Evelyne P. Baumrucker, Clif Binder, Patricia A. Davis, Gregg A. Girvan, Janemarie Mulvey and Jim Hahn. 38 p 42368 Chemicals in Commerce, CRS Introductory State- ‘ment on, by Linda-Jo Schierow, Coordinator, Robert Meltz, Robert Esworthy, James D. ‘Wemer, Renée Johnson, Sarah A. Lister, Margaret Mikyung Lee, Mary Tiemann, Claudia Copeland and Megan Stubbs. Ip seine 1842266 Child Support Enforcement: Incarceration As the Last Resort Penalty For Nonpayment of Support, by Carmen Solomon-Fears, Carla Berry and Alison M. Smith, 28 p .... R42389 Child Welfare: Health Care Needs of Children in Foster Care and Related Federal Issues, by Evelyne P. Baumrucker, Bernadette Femandez, na Aleantara, 52 p Child Well-Being, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Karen E. Lynch, Coordinator, Adrienne L. Fernandes-Aleantara, Coordinator, Amalia K. Corey-Edwards, Gene Falk, Thomas Gabe, Emilie Stoltzfus, Bonnie F. Mangan, Gail McCallion, Maggie McCarty, Meredith Peterson, Carmen Solomon-Fears, Karen Spar, Erin Bagalman, Randy Alison Aussenberg and Melinda Gish. I p .. snes YSAITD ‘The Combating Autism Act: Overview and Funding, by Amalia K, Corby Edward 13p.. . RAD369 Conditioning Federal Grants afler NFIB v. Sebelius: Carrots, Sticks, and New Programs, by Kathleen S. Swendiman WSLGII7 ‘The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB): A Lege Analysis, by Davi H. Carpenter. 2p snes RAZST2 Conse Pectin, CRS Idacary Statement ‘on, by David H. Carpenter, Coordinator, ‘Margaret Mikyung Lee, Coordinator, Sean M. Hoskins, Katie Jones, Sarah A. Lister, Carrie N, Lyons, Brandon J. Murrill, M. Maureen Murphy, C. Stephen Redhead, Linda-Jo Schierow, Jane M. Smith, Gina Stevens, Jeanne MM. Dennis, Gar Guenter, Vivian 8. Chu and Edward C. Lit. 1 p eon 1s42163, Controversy Over Religious Exemption Continues as Contraceptive Coverage Requirement Takes Effect, by Cynthia Brougher ‘WSLG136 Crisis In Mali, by Alexis Arieff and Kelly Johnson. 16p ce 42664 Data Security Breach Notification Laws, by Gina ‘Stevens. 20 p 42475 80 Does the Affordable Care Act Violate the ‘Clause?, by Edward C. Liu ‘WSLGI20 Domestic Food Assistance: Summary of Programs, ‘by Randy Alison Austenberg and Kien Colello. 16 p sone RAZBS3 Drug Patent Expirations: Potential Ffets on ‘Pharmaceutical Innovation, by Wendy H. Schacht, 18 P wesrn RA2399 ‘The Barly Agenda of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: The Nonbank Supervision Program, by Sean M. Hoskins. 7 wu... R42156 The FDA Medical Device User Fee Program, by Judith A. Johnson. 33 p RA2508 FDA Regulation of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products, by Amalia K. Cory-Eawards 40p . RA2594 FDA Regulation of Medical Devices, by Judith A Tohnson. 29 p sons RAZI3O DA User Fos and te Regulation of Drs, Biologics, and Devices: Comparative Analysis of S. 3187 and H.R. 5651, by Susan Thaul, Coordinator, Amanda K. Sarata, Vanessa K. Burrows, Sarah A. Lister, Erin Bagalman, Amalia K. Corby-Edwards and Judith A. Tohnson. 95 p .. RA2S64 Federal Hah Cente by Eire Heisler. 39 . 42433 Federalism Challenge to Medicad Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act: Florida v. Depart- ment of Health and Human Services, by Kenneth R. Thomas. 17 p 42367 Federal Programs Related to Indoor Pollution by ‘Chemicals, by David M. Bearden and Linda-Jo Schierow. 38 p RA2620 FLU Preview: What Does the Supreme Court's Decision in NFIB y, Sebelius Mean for Congress?, by Erika K. Lunder ..... WSLG204 ‘The Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (P-L. 112-144), by Susan Thaul, Coordinator, Erin Bagalman, Amalia K. Corby Edwards, Judith M, Glassgold, Judith A. Johnson, Sarah A. Lister and Amanda K. Sarata. 27 p 42680 Food Safety, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Renée Johnson, Coordinator, Vanessa K. Burrows, Carol Canada, Tadlock Cowan, Joel L. Greene, Ralph M. Chite, Jim Monke, Linda- Jo Schierow, Daniel T. Shedd, Susan Thaul, Harold F. Upton, Cynthia Brougher and Sarah A. Lister. 1p = 1» 1842275 FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation, by ‘Marian Leonardo Lawson, Coordinator, Karen E. Lynch, Maggie MeCarty, Jim Monke,William L. Painter, David Randall Peterman, Garrett Hatch, Carl E. Bebrens, Ida A. Brudnick, Daniel H. Else, Carol Hardy Vincent, Nathan James and Pat Towell. ip v RA2082 Global Heath, Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Rhoda Margesson, Coordinator, Alexandra E. Kendall, Coordinator, Marjorie Ann Browne, ‘Andorra Bruno, Karma Ester, Patricia Moloney Figliola, Michael John Garcia, Julie Kim, Lauren Ploch, Tiaji Salaam-Biyther, Nina M. Serafino, Pervaze A. Sheikh, Maureen Taft. Morales, Curt Tarnoff, Bruce Vaughn, Ruth Ellen Wasem, Liana Sun Wyler, Luisa Blanchfield, Alexis Arieff and Marian Leonardo Lawson. 2 p 1842309 Health Care Delivery, CRS Introductory Statement ‘on, by Amanda K, Sarata, Coordinator, Vivian 8. Chu, James V. DeBergh, Jim Hahn, Elayne J. Heisier, Don J. Jansen, Judith A, Johnson, Sarah A. Lister, Edward C. Liu, Erika K. Lunder, Janemarie Mulvey, Sidath Viranga Panangala, C, Stephen Redhead, Bernice Reyes-Akinbileje, Pamela W. Smith, Susan ‘Thaul, Baird Webel, Irma E. Arispe, Erin Bagalman, Kirsten J, Colello and Amalia K. Corby-Edwards. 2 p 1542308 Health Care Legislation: Origins and Limits of Congressional Powers, by Kathleen 8 ‘Swendiman .. Health Care Quality Enhancing Provider ‘Accountability Through Payment Incentives and Public Reporting, by Amanda K. Sarata. 15p 42347 rath ieee sete tenant Kathleen S. Swendiman and Jenni ‘Staman .. WSLG32 ‘WRE00047 Health Insurance Coverage by State and Con sgressional District, 2010, by David Newman. Tp 4208S ‘Health Insurance Coverage of Children, 2010, by ‘Carol Rapaport and Annie L. Mach. 4p s 42343 Health insurance Exchanges Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), by Annie L. Mach and Bemadette Fernandez. 3p snes RAZ6O Health Reform, CRS Introductory Sttemeat on, by Bernadette Fernandez, Coordinator, Amanda K. Sarata, Coordinator, Cliff Binder, Cynthia Brougher, Maeve P. Carey, Kirsten J, Colello, ‘Amalia K. Corby-Edwards, Patricia A. Davis, Elayne J. Heisler, Elicia J. Herz, Don J. Jansen, Janet Kinzer, Sarah A. Lister, Imma E. Arispe, Erika K, Lunder, Annie L. Mach, Alison 81 Mitchell, Paulette C, Morgan, Janemarie Malvey, Sidath Viranga Panangala, C. Stephen Redhead, Bernice Reyes-Akinbilee, Jenifer Staman, Kathleen S. Swendiman, Scot R. Talaga, Susan Thaul, Kenneth R. Thomas, Sibyl Tilson, Hinda Chaikind, Evelyne P. Baunuckr, rn Bagalman dnd vad © 3p. 1842178 Highlights of Three FY2013 Budget Proposals for the Human Resources “Superfunction”: Education, ‘Training, Social Services, Health, Income Security, and Veterans, by Karen Spar and Gene Falk. $0 p . 142605 Immigration Provisions of the Violence Against Women Act(VAWA), by William A. Kandel 31p 42477 ‘The lndvivel Mandate nd Several: The Future of the Affordable Care Act, by Jennifer Staman WsLG47 Insurance Regulation: Isses, Background, and Legislation in the 112th Congress, by Baird Webel. 18 p vw RA2038 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2013 Appropriations Preliminary Overview, by Karen E. Lynch, Coordinator, David H. Bradley, Gail McCallion, Pamela W. Smith and ‘Scott Szymendera, 32 p RADSSS Labor, HHS, and Education Appropriations, CRS Introductory Statement on, by Karen E. Lynch, David H. Bradley, Melinda Gish, Pamela W. Smith, Scott Szymendera and Gail McCallion, Tp seve ISAZIBS A.Line in Shifting Sand?: Failure to Implement “New” Medicaid Requirements Under the ACA Cannot Result in Loss of Existing Funds, by Kenneth R. Thomas .. WSLG108 ‘The Link Between Social Security Benefits and Medicare, Part A: An Offer You Can’t Refuse?, by Kathleen S. Swendiman .. WSLGI91 Long-Term Services and Supports, CRS Introductory. ‘Statement on, by Kirsten J, Colello, Coordina- tor, Gregg A. Girvan, Irma E. Arispe, Angela ‘Napili, Libby Perl, Scott R. Talaga, Emily C. Barbour and Janemarie Mulvey. 1 p .. IS42356 Long-Term Services and Supports: Overview and Financing, by Kirsten J. Colello, Janemarie Malvey, Seat R.Talagn and Gregg A: Gina. 2p . reer RAQBAS ‘The Lord’s Resistance Army: The U.S, Response, by Lauren Ploch and Alexis Arieff, 20 p .. R42094 Major Fiscal Issues Before Congress in FY2013, by Mindy R. Levit, Coordinator, Julie M. Whittaker, Janemarie Mulvey, Molly F. Sherlock and Jim Hahn. 18 p 42654