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Jocelyn Lash

PROJECT OUTLINE
I.
Introduction:
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that
shape them. In the past, data about landforms was physically collected by
use of aerially obtained photographs, topographic maps and transit and
level instruments, such as theodolites and Philadelphia rods.

II. Methods of data collection prior to implementation of GIS

Ancient Egypt: harpedonaptai (rope stretcher)


Used knotted rope, plum bob and 3-4-5 angles
Used to re-establish boundaries after floods
Used to create perfect 90 degree angles at the bases of the
Great Pyramid of Giza
Used to build the pyramid in perfect North to South
orientation

England, 1620: Gunter's chain


100 links (7.92 inches), 10 brass rings
Brass rings used as unit of measure
Total length 66 ft
Determine number of rings between points to ascertain
distance been two points

Theodolite
1571: Only measured horizontal angles
1576: Addition of tripod and compass
1771: Addition of optical meter to measure parallactic angle
Distance
1925: Addition of dividing engine and ability to measure horizontal
and vertical angles

III. Methods of data collection with implantation of GIS:

GPS

Handheld receivers
Trilateration of satellites
Vertical and horizontal position
Determine position of samples, forms or events
Position error: as much as tens of meters
Uses

Recording GPS receivers


Stationary
Anchored to benchmarks
Measure changes in horizontal and vertical position
High precision (mm-scale)
Uses and limitations

LiDAR
Active
Remotely sensed
Collected via airplane, satellite and surveyor lasers
Ultraviolet, visible, or near infrared light is emitted at an object or
atmosphere
Atmospheric and topographical information is derived from back
scatter
Uses and limitations
U.S. Geological Survey Experimental Advanced Airborne Research
LiDAR
Radar
Active
Remotely sensed
Radio waves emitted at objects or atmosphere
Reflected waves provide topographical and elevation data
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (inSAR)
Uses and limitations
Mapping coastal changes
Landsat
Passive
Satellite imaging
Measures light reflected off terrestrial features
Collects data about lithology, hydrology and vegetation
Based on wave lengths
Uses and limitations
Active tectonics, near Saroubi fault, along Konar fault, in NE
Afghanistan

V. Conclusion

How the data derived from the GIS applications can all be tied together for
visual analysis.

Sources:
http://www.labogef.iesa.ufg.br/links/sinageo/articles/427.pdf

http://http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228894961_Mapping_coastal_geomorphology_changes
_using_synthetic_aperture_radar_dataww.geo.info.hu/munkatarsak/mb/pdf/GIS_applications_1992.pdf
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230717934_Appraisal_of_active_tectonics_in_Hindu_Kush_i
nsights_from_DEM_derived_geomorphic_indices_and_drainage_analysis._Geosci_Front
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/index.shtml

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