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The following are solutions to the Math 229 Integration Worksheet - Substitution Method. Heres
the link to that worksheet http://www.math.niu.edu/courses/math229/misc/int_prac.pdf
Z
1.
(5x + 4)5 dx
(a) Let u = 5x + 4
(b) Then du = 5 dx or
1
du = dx.
5
(5x + 4) dx =
Z
=
u5
1
du
5
1 5
u du
5
1 6
u +C
30
1
(5x + 4)6 + C
=
30
Z
2.
(a) Let u = t3 + 4
(b) Then du = 3t2 dt
(c) Now substitute
Z
3t (t + 4) dt =
Z
=
1 6
u +C
6
1 3
(t + 4)6 + C
=
6
=
Z
3.
4x 5 dx
1
du = dx
4
Z
4x 5 dx =
1
du
4
1 1/2
u du
4
1 3/2 2
u +C
=
4
3
1
=
(4x 5)3/2 + C
6
=
Z
4.
t2 (t3 + 4)1/2 dt
(a) Let u = t3 + 4
(b) Then du = 3t2 dt or
1
du = t2 dt
3
t (t + 4)
1/2
(t3 + 4)1/2 t2 dt
u1/2
dt =
=
Z
1
du
3
1 1/2
u
du
3
1 1/2 2
u +C
=
3
1
2 1/2
=
u +C
3
2 3
=
(t + 4)1/2 + C
3
=
Z
5.
cos(2x + 1) dx
(a) Let u = 2x + 1
(b) Then du = 2 dx or
1
du = dx
2
2
Z
cos(u)
cos(2x + 1) dx =
Z
=
1
du
2
1
cos(u) du
2
1
sin(u) + C
2
1
=
sin(2x + 1) + C
2
=
Z
6.
10
u10 du
1 11
u +C
11
1
=
sin11 (x) + C
11
Z
7.
sin(x)
dx
(cos(x))5
sin(x)
dx =
(cos(x))5
1
sin(x) dx
(cos(x)5
Z
1
(du)
=
u5
Z
=
u5 + C
u4
+C
4
= u4 + C
1
=
+C
(cos(x))4
( x 1)2
dx
8.
x
(a) Let u = x 1
Z
1
1
(b) Then du = dx or 2 du = dx
2 x
x
(c) Now substitute
Z
( x 1)2
1
dx =
( x 1)2 dx
x
x
Z
=
u2 (2 du)
Z
=
2u2 du
2 3
u +C
3
2
=
( x 1)3 + C
3
=
Z
9.
x3 + x2 (3x2 + 2x) dx
(a) Let u = x3 + x2
(b) Then du = (3x2 + 2x) dx
x3
x2
(3x + 2x) dx =
Z
=
u du
u1/2 du
2 3/2
u +C
3
2 3
=
(x + x2 )3/2 + C
3
10.
1
(x2
x+1
dx
+ 2x + 2)3
(a) Let u = x2 + 2x + 2
(b) Then du = (2x + 2) dx du = 2(x + 1) dx or
1
du = (x + 1) dx
2
(x + 1)
dx =
2
(x + 2x + 2)3
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
(x + 1) dx
+ 2x + 2)3
1
Z 5
1 1
du
3
1 u 2
Z 5
1 3
u du
1 2
5
1 u2
2 2 1
5
1
2
4u 1
1
1
4(5)2
4(1)2
1
1
+
100 4
24
100
6
25
(x2
p
cos(x) sin(x) dx
Z p
p
sin(x) cos(x) dx
cos(x) sin(x) dx =
0
Z 0
=
u du
0
Z 0
=
u1/2 du
0
0
2 3/2
u
=
3
0
2 3/2
2 3/2
(0)
=
(0)
3
3
= 0
Note,
a
Z
12.
(x + 1) sin(x2 + 2x + 3) dx
(a) Let u = x2 + 2x + 3
(b) Then du = (2x + 2) dx du = 2(x + 1) dx or we can write
1
du = (x + 1) dx
2
1
t
1
1
dt or du = 2 dt
2
t
t
(c) Now substitute
3
Z
Z
1
1
2 dt =
1+
u3 (du)
t
t
1
= u4 + C
4
4
1
1
=
1+
+C
4
t
(b) Then du =
14.
x2 x3 + 1 dx
(a) Let u = x3 + 1
1
du = x2 dx
3
(c) If x = 1, then u = (1)3 + 1 = 0.
x3 + 1 dx =
x3 + 1 x2 dx
1
2
Z
=
Z0 2
=
=
=
=
=
1
du
3
1 1/2
u du
0 3
2
1 3/2 2
u
3
3
2 0
2 3/2
u
9
0
2 3/2
2 3/2
(2)
(0)
9
9
2
4 2
8=
9
9
2
dx
3x 7
(a) Let u = 3x 7
(b) Then du = 3 dx or
1
du = dx
3
dx =
3x 7
=
=
=
=
Z
16.
1
dx
x( x + 1)2
1
(a) Let u = x + 1
1
1
(b) Then du = dx or 2 du = dx
2 x
x
(c) If x = 1, then u = 1 + 1 = 2.
(d) If x = 4, then u = 4 + 1 = 3.
2 1
du
u 3
Z
2 1/2
u
du
3
2 1/2 2
u +C
3
1
4 1/2
u +C
3
4
3x 7 + C
3
1
dx =
x( x + 1)2
=
Z2 3
=
=
=
=
=
=
Z
17.
0
1
1
dx
2
( x + 1)
x
1
(2 du)
u2
2u2 du
2
3
u1
2
1 2
3
2
u
2
2
2
3
2
2
+1
3
1
3
x
dx
x+1
dx =
x+1
=
Z1 2
=
=
=
=
=
=
Z
18.
u1
du
u
u
1
1/2 du
1/2
u
u
u1/2 u1/2 du
1
2
2 3/2
1/2
u 2u
3
1
2 3/2
2 3/2
1/2
1/2
(1) 2(1)
(2) 2(2)
3
3
4 2
2
2 2 +2
3
3
2 2 4
+
3 3
42 2
3
x 2x + 1 dx
1
(a) Let u = 2x + 1. Then x = (u 1) (need this for later)
2
1
(b) Then du = 2 dx or du = dx
2
(c) Now substitute
Z
1
1
(u 1) u du
2
2
Z
1
(u 1) u1/2 du
4
Z
1 3/2 1 1/2
u u du
4
4
1 5/2 2 1 3/2 2
u u +C
4
5 4
3
1 5/2 1 3/2
u u +C
10
6
1
1
(2x + 1)5/2 (2x + 1)3/2 + C
10
6
Z
x 2x + 1 dx =
=
=
=
=
=
10
x x + 1 dx
x1/2
x3/2 + 1 dx
to help identify u.
(a) Let u = x3/2 + 1
2
3
(b) Then du = x1/2 dx or du = x1/2 dx
2
3
(c) Now substitute
Z
x
1/2
x3/2
+ 1 dx =
=
=
=
=
=
Z
20.
Z p
x3/2 + 1 x1/2 dx
Z
2
u du
3
Z
2 1/2
u du
3
2 3/2 2
u +C
3
3
4 3/2
u +C
9
4 3/2
(x + 1)3/2 + C
9
x3 x2 + 1 dx
1
du = x dx
2
11
Z
x2 + 1 dx =
x2 x2 + 1 x dx
1
(u 1) u du
2
Z
1 3/2 1 1/2
u u du
2
2
1 5/2 2 1 3/2 2
u u +C
2
5 2
3
1 5/2 1 3/2
u u +C
5
3
1 2
1
(x + 1)5/2 (x2 + 1)3/2 + C
5
3
Z
=
=
=
=
=
Z
21.
(x2 + 1) x 2 dx
x2 = u2 + 4u + 4
(b) Then du = dx
(c) Now substitute
Z
Z
2
(x + 1) x 2 dx =
(u2 + 4u + 4 + 1) u du
Z
=
(u2 + 4u + 5) u du
Z
=
u5/2 + 4u3/2 + 5u1/2 du
2 7/2 8 5/2 10 3/2
u + u + u +C
7
5
3
2
8
10
=
(x 2)7/2 + (x 2)5/2 + (x 2)3/2 + C
7
5
3
=
Z
22.
x2 + 2x
dx
x2 + 2x + 1
(a) First, lets simplify by doing some long division. The work is omitted as I dont know
how to tex long division.
12
1
1
x2 + 2x
=1 2
=1
2
x + 2x + 1
x + 2x + 1
(x + 1)2
Z
1
(b) So we are evaluating 1
dx
(x + 1)2
Z
1
Z
23.
x2
1
1
+C
dx = x +
2
(x + 1)
x+1
1
+ 6x + 9
x2
1
1
=
+ 6x + 9
(x + 3)2
1
dx
(x + 3)2
(c) Let u = x + 3
(d) Then du = dx
Z
1
dx =
(x + 3)2
=
1
du
u2
u2 du
= u1 + C
= (x + 3)1 + C
1
+C
=
x+3
Z
24.
sec2 (x)
dx
(1 + tan(x))3
13
1
sec2 (x) dx
(1 + tan(x))3
Z
1
du
=
u3
Z
=
u3 du
1
= u2 + C
2
1
= 2 +C
2u
1
=
+C
2(1 + tan(x))2
Z
25.
sin(x)
dx
(2 + 3 cos(x))2
Z
26.
sin(x)
dx =
(2 + 3 cos(x))2
1
sin(x) dx
(2 + 3 cos(x))2
Z
1
1
=
du
u2
3
Z
1
=
u2 du
3
1 1
=
u +C
3
1
=
(2 + 3 cos(x))1 + C
3
x tan(x2 ) sec(x2 ) dx
(a) Let u = x2
(b) Then du = 2x dx or
1
du = x dx
2
14
x tan(x ) sec(x ) dx =
tan(x2 ) sec(x2 ) x dx
Z
tan(u) sec(u)
=
Z
=
1
du
2
1
tan(u) sec(u) du
2
1
sec(u) + C
2
1
=
sec(x2 ) + C
2
=
Z
27.
1
du = t dt
2
3t (t + 4) dt =
Z
=
1
du
2
3 6
(u 4u5 ) du
2
3 1 7 4 6
=
u u +C
2 7
6
3 7
=
u u6 + C
14
3 2
=
(t + 4)7 (t2 + 4)6 + C
14
=
Z
28.
(tan(2x) + cot(2x))2 dx
(a) Since there isnt an obvious substitution, lets foil and see what happens. This will
15
(b) The reason we used the trig identities at the end is because we know nice functions whose
derivatives are sec2 () and csc2 ().
(c) Lets rewrite the integral
Z
(d) Let u = 2x
(e) Then du = 2 dx or
(f) Now substitute
Z
1
du = dx
2
16
1
(sec2 (u) + csc2 (u)) du
2
Z
1
sec2 (u) + csc2 (u) du
2
1
(tan(u) cot(u)) + C
2
1
(tan(2x) cot(2x)) + C
2
1
1
tan(2x) cot(2x) + C
2
2