Skeletal and

Muscular System
Eric C, Sally J, Isabella B, Jay B

Function
Skeletal System
supports the body
protects internal organs
provides movement
stores minerals
provides a site for blood cell
formation
supports the central axis of
the body

Muscular System
Moves bones
maintains blood pressure
moves food through
digestive system
all movement

Types of cells and tissues

Skeletal System

Muscular System

osteoprogenitor cells-cells that

Skeletal Muscle Tissue: usually attached
eventually mature into osteoblast
to bones. responsible for voluntary
cells.
movements(typing on computer keyboard, dancing,
or winking)
osteoblast cells- helps create bone
Smooth Muscle Tissue: Usually not under
structure.
osteoclast cells- absorb old bone tissue voluntary movements. Moves food through your
digestive system and decrease the size of the
bone marrow-produces new red blood pupils of your eyes in bright light.
cells for the body
Cardiac Muscle Tissue: Found only in Heart.
Heart Muscle.

Common Diseases in the Skeletal and

Muscular System
Arthritis -

causes pain and

stiffness in the joints due to the immune
system attacking the cells lining our
joints, causing arthritis.

Muscular Dystrophy - caused

by defective genes passed down by
parents which leads to the weakening of
muscles and control over them. There are
about 9 of these diseases that are
considered part of muscular dystrophy.

Structure- How is it organized

Skeletal System
Major feature= Bones
Bones are a solid network of living cells and protein fibers
that are surrounded by deposits of calcium salts
Periosteum- A tough layer of connective tissue letting
the blood vessels pass through carrying oxygen and
nutrients to the bone
Haversian Canals- contain blood vessels and
nerves
Bone Marrow- Contain soft tissue

Consist of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and other

structures that hold the bones together and stabilize
them
Joints- a place where one bone attaches to another
bone

Structure- How is it organized?

Muscular System
Muscles consist of:
Muscle tissue (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac)
Connective tissue
Nerve tissue
Blood or vascular tissue.
Muscles vary in size, shape and arrangement of
fibers

Structure of Individual Bones/ How does it

work?
A solid network of living cells and protein fibers that are surrounded by
deposits of calcium salts.
Compact bone forms the hard part of the bone and supports our body.
Spongy bone has a sponge-like appearance and contains the red marrow
cells.
Periosteum is a layer of connective tissue outside the compact bone
where nutrients can pass through.

There are blood vessels that circulate through the bones and bring the
newly produced blood into the circulatory system
Red bone marrow creates new red blood cells for our body.
Yellow bone marrow is essentially aged bone marrow. As we grow older
red bone marrow turns into yellow bone marrow. If we lose lots of blood,
yellow bone marrow can temporarily act as red bone marrow to replace
the missing blood cells.

Structure of Muscular System/ How does it

work?

Perimysium- Fibrous sheath that surrounds each

bundle of single muscle fibers.
Tendon- Attach muscle to bone
Endomysium- Fine sheath of connective tissue
layer of reticular fibers that surrounds each single
muscle fibers
Epimysium- Fibrous elastic tissue that surrounds
each muscle\
Fascicle- Refers to abundle(bundle of muscle
fibres or a bundle of nerve fibres

Structure of Muscular System/ How does it

work?
Muscle contract when the thin filaments in muscle fiber slide
over the thick filaments.
ATP supplies the energy for Muscle contraction

Muscle contraction: Motor Neurons connect the central nervous

system to skeletal muscles cells and release acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine diffuse across the synapse producing an impulse in
cell membrane of muscle fiber. Impulses control the contraction of
skeletal muscle fibers and release calcium ions within the fiber.

Calcium Ions produce proteins that allow actin and myosin

filaments to interact. Then a nerve impulse reaches a
muscle cell (only a few milliseconds before the event
occur)
A muscle cell remain contracted until the release of
acetylcholine stops and an enzyme destroys acetylcholine.

How it works with other organ

systems
The skeletal system protects the majority of our other organs and systems as well as
providing support for our overall shape. Without it, we would just be a blob essentially.
Bones provide a system of levers (Levers- rigid rods tha can be moved about a fixed
point)
Bones= site of blood cell formation (blood cell produced in soft marrow tissue)

The marrow in our bones also produces our red blood cells to replace the dead ones
as well as white blood cells to protect our immune system.

The musculatory system is used for just about everything we do in our day to day lives.
The heart itself is indeed a muscle and a very important one at that. Muscles help other
organs carry out their tasks. This includes digestion and breathing to name a couple.

How Muscles and Bones interact

Skeletal Muscles generate force and produce movement by contracting
Skeletal muscles joined to bones through tendons
Muscles provide the force to move the lever
There are several muscles surrounding each joint and they all pull in
different directions
Skeletal Muscles: work in opposite pairs
Example: when your biceps contracts it flexes the elbow joint

THANK
YOU :)