INTRODUCTION

Speed is an important part in transportation consideration because it relates to

time and safety. As we know, running speed is the average speed over some
course is maintained while the vehicle was moving by dividing the length of the
some particular course and the time of the vehicle is in motion. The running
speed will always be greater than or equal to the speed of travel while the delay
wasn't taken into the calculation of speed. This experiment are required to
conduct running speed study by recording the time of sample of vehicle from
point A to point B which is 3km in order to estimate the distribution of speed of
vehicles which are useful in making many speed-related decisions. Running
speed study experiment need to find time travel from point A to point B by using
some sample vehicle at Sri Mutiara road at peak hours around 4.00pm until
6.00pm. This laboratory is provided with the methodology and guidelines for
result and analysis to be presented in our report.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the speed of vehicles travel between two points by using manual
calculation.

THEORITICAL BACKGROUD
For selecting a location and layout care must be exercised so that the observer
can clearly see any vertical reference posts. The observers should be positioned
higher than the study area and be looking down time. The watch is stopped
when the vehicles' front wheels pass a reference line in front of the observer. To
calculate vehicle speed, use the predetermined study area length and the
elapsed time as recorded on the stopwatch data form. The formula is

v=

d ( km)
t (time)

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Running speed study is designed to measure the speed at a specific location
under the traffic and environmental conditions prevailing at the time of the study
and determined between two points on a roadway. Speeds vary with the type of
road and traffic volume. Level of service based on speed is an indicator of quality
of traffic flow.
In this laboratory activity, a distance of 0.3km to 0.5km between two points at
particular location is chosen and a time for a vehicle passing through from first
point to another point is recorded. The running speed is measured by dividing
the distance passing through from first point to another point is recorded. The
running speed is measured by dividing the distance passing through with the
time taken. Common unit km/hr.

APPARATUS
Vest
The vest usually have striking and bright color. It is for visible by vehicle on a
road and usually used for people that involved in construction road and building
especially in the night. The vest can reflect when it hit the car's light. This vest
was used when the experiment conducted for student safety at the road.

Stopwatch
Stop watch was functionally use when we want to take time for some particular
experiment. In this experiment, the stop watch use for take time from point A to
point B on the road. There will be 2 stop watch for each group and each
stopwatch for each point. For the point A was initial time taken while for point B
was final time taken for each vehicles.
Distance tape measurement
Distance tape measurement are usually used to measure the distance between
point A to point B in 0.3km on the road. There are students for each point
between 300km.
Con
The con are usually for construction and safety but in this experiment we used
two con for each group and one con for each point to give a concern for vehicles
there's people on the road. This will help student in our safety.

PROCEDURES:
1. A straight stretch of a road in front of Restaurant Afrin was chosen to be
the study site of the running speed study experiment. The distance of
straight stretch was 0.3km and marks as point A and B (at the beginning
and end of the test section).
2. Two members was place for the each point A and B.
3. Chose a position that the vehicles were not be aware that their vehicles
was record.
4. The members of the each point A and B have to records the last three or
four digits of the plate number and the time that the each car passes to
the point A and B.

5. Also, the delay time of the vehicles are records and observe (stop at traffic
light or etc.).
6. Match the times of the beginning and the end of the experiment for each
plate number of vehicles that was record. The difference of the traveling
time of each vehicle between these times (minus delay/ stop time if
applicable).
7. 100 matched plate number of the speed samples should be same for
reasonably accurate results.

TABLE OF DATA
NO

NO.
PLATE

DISTAN
CE
(km)

TIME

POINT A
(h)

POINT B
(h)

SPEED
(km/hr)

TYPE OF
VEHICLE

0.02

Car

1.

525

0.3

5.02.26

5.02.41

Time
taken
(s)
15

2.

9611

0.3

5.03.16

5.03.45

29

0.01034

Car

3.

3256

0.3

5.03.27

5.03.57

30

0.01

Car

4.

1923

0.3

5.03.33

5.04.02

31

0.00967

Car

5.

9810

0.3

5.03.40

5.04.09

31

0.00968

Car

6.

7030

0.3

5.04.39

5.04.49

10

0.003

Car

7.

1346

0.3

5.04.22

5.04.44

22

0.01364

Car

8.

9986

0.3

5.04.23

5.04.50

27

0.01111

Car

9.

3940

0.3

5.04.42

5.04.52

10

0.03

Car

10
.

9087

0.3

5.05.02

5.05.22

20

0.015

Car

11
.

5880

0.3

5.05.36

5.05.51

15

0.02

Car

12
.

50

0.3

5.05.55

5.06.15

40

0.0750

Car

13
.

2726

0.3

5.06.04

5.06.29

25

0.012

Car

14
.

6363

0.3

5.06.19

5.06.39

20

0.015

Car

15
.

3793

0.3

5.06.26

5.06.47

21

0.01429

Car

16
.

7508

0.3

5.06.34

5.06.55

21

0.01429

Car

17
.

9238

0.3

5.06.42

5.07.02

40

0.0750

Car

18
.

4136

0.3

5.07.02

5.07.23

21

0.01429

Car

19
.

5267

0.3

5.07.05

5.07.51

46

0.00652

Car

20
.

6754

0.3

5.07.28

5.07.55

27

0.1111

Car

21
.

4963

0.3

5.08.02

5.08.14

12

0.025

Car

22
.

6031

0.3

5.08.09

5.08.23

14

0.02143

Car

23
.

6186

0.3

5.08.16

5.08.27

11

0.02727

Car

24
.

9913

0.3

5.08.25

5.08.41

16

0.01875

Car

25
.

79

0.3

5.08.34

5.08.50

16

0.01875

Car

26
.

6150

0.3

5.08.41

5.08.56

15

0.02

Car

27
.

8723

0.3

5.08.46

5.09.06

40

0.00750

Car

28
.

709

0.3

5.08.53

5.09.12

41

0.00732

Car

29
.

7338

0.3

5.09.11

5.09.24

13

0.02308

Car

30
.

8654

0.3

5.09.19

5.09.33

14

0.02143

Car

31
.

1721

0.3

5.09.28

5.09.48

20

0.015

Car

32
.

567

0.3

5.09.32

5.09.56

24

0.01250

Car

33
.

5132

0.3

5.09.34

5.09.52

18

0.01667

Car

34
.

4245

0.3

5.10.10

2.10.22

12

0.025

Car

35
.

485

0.3

5.10.24

5.10.38

14

0.01243

Car

36
.

4072

0.3

5.10.40

5.10.59

19

0.01579

Car

37
.

2304

0.3

5.10.51

5.11.07

44

0.00682

Car

38
.

634

0.3

5.11.05

5.11.20

15

0.02

Car

39
.

4219

0.3

5.11.13

5.11.30

17

0.01765

Car

40
.

9445

0.3

5.11.18

5.11.37

19

0.01579

Car

41
.

4791

0.3

5.11.38

5.12.00

38

0.00789

Car

42
.

4077

0.3

5.12.10

5.12.33

23

0.01304

Car

43
.

8655

0.3

5.12.24

5.12.33

0.03333

Car

44
.

546

0.3

5.12.33

5.12.43

20

0.015

Car

45
.

4208

0.3

5.12.37

5.12.48

11

0.02728

Car

45
.

6732

0.3

5.12.45

5.13.02

43

0.00697

Car

46
.

7726

0.3

5.12.48

5.13.06

42

0.00714

Car

47
.

298

0.3

5.12.58

5.13.12

46

0.00652

Car

48
.

8898

0.3

5.13.02

5.13.32

30

0.01

Car

49
.

7508

0.3

5.13.16

5.13.36

20

0.015

Car

50
.

9565

0.3

5.13.28

5.13.44

16

0.01875

Car

51
.

4498

0.3

5.13.35

5.14.00

35

0.00857

Car

52
.

9340

0.3

5.13.37

5.13.53

16

0.01875

Car

53
.

4241

0.3

5.14.19

4.14.38

19

0.01579

Car

54
.

951

0.3

5.14.27

5.14.49

22

0.01364

Car

55
.

2577

0.3

5.14.37

5.14.54

17

0.01765

Car

56
.

9764

0.3

5.14.42

5.15.06

36

0.00833

Car

57
.

4582

0.3

5.14.54

5.15.07

47

0.00638

Car

58
.

9548

0.3

5.15.22

5.15.36

14

0.02143

Car

59
.

7555

0.3

5.15.32

5.15.49

17

0.01765

Car

60
.

9138

0.3

5.15.42

5.15.59

17

0.01765

Car

61
.

6303

0.3

5.15.51

5.16.06

45

0.00667

Car

62
.

8196

0.3

5.16.02

5.16.12

10

0.03

Car

63
.

1430

0.3

5.16.04

5.16.29

25

0.012

Car

64
.

9142

0.3

5.16.10

5.16.27

17

0.01765

Car

65
.

6460

0.3

5.16.16

5.16.31

15

0.02

Car

66
.

8411

0.3

5.16.22

5.16.40

18

0.01667

Car

67
.

442

0.3

5.16.35

5.16.52

17

0.01765

Car

68
.

2881

0.3

5.16.42

5.17.04

38

0.00789

Car

69
.

6006

0.3

5.16.58

5.17.21

37

0.00818

Car

70
.

8011

0.3

5.18.02

5.18.12

10

0.03

Car

71
.

9139

0.3

5.18.04

5.18.15

11

0.02727

Car

72
.

1296

0.3

5.18.06

5.18.18

12

0.025

Car

73
.

7564

0.3

5.18.08

5.18.34

26

0.01154

Car

74
.

3178

0.3

5.18.14

5.18.32

18

0.01667

Car

75
.

66

0.3

5.18.15

5.18.35

20

0.015

Car

76
.

1138

0.3

5.18.51

5.19.08

43

0.00698

Car

77
.

9192

0.3

5.18.56

5.19.08

48

0.00625

Car

78
.

7909

0.3

5.18.58

5.19.15

43

0.00698

Car

79
.

5096

0.3

5.19.21

5.19.51

30

0.01

Car

80
.

4982

0.3

5.19.25

5.19.46

21

0.01429

Car

81
.

6381

0.3

5.20.02

5.20.17

15

0.02

Car

82
.

4881

0.3

5.20.20

5.20.34

10

0.03

Car

83
.

5347

0.3

5.20.25

5.20.44

24

0.0125

Car

84
.

8606

0.3

5.20.32

5.20.49

17

0.01765

Car

85
.

9286

0.3

5.20.50

5.21.08

42

0.00714

Car

86
.

6761

0.3

5.20.54

5.21.10

44

0.00682

Car

87
.

97

0.3

5.21.12

5.21.24

12

0.025

Car

88
.

4261

0.3

5.21.15

5.21.32

17

0.01765

Car

89
.

2220

0.3

5.21.20

5.21.38

18

0.01667

Car

90
.

3668

0.3

5.21.24

5.21.40

16

0.01875

Car

91
.

4016

0.3

5.21.33

5.21.52

19

0.01579

Car

92
.

2528

0.3

5.22.28

5.22.49

21

0.01429

Car

93
.

3977

0.3

5.23.00

5.23.20

20

0.015

Car

94
.

9172

0.3

5.23.04

5.23.22

18

0.01667

Car

95
.

6982

0.3

5.23.07

5.23.25

18

0.01667

Car

96
.

3234

0.3

5.23.13

5.23.30

18

0.01667

Car

97
.

7653

0.3

5.23.32

5.23.49

17

0.01765

Car

98
.

7871

0.3

5.23.51

5.24.08

43

0.00698

Car

99
.

7657

0.3

5.24.02

5.24.19

17

0.01765

Car

10
0

9116

0.3

5.24.12

5.24.30

18

0.01667

Car

ANALYSIS
Time taken = Point A Point B
= 5.02.41- 5.02.26
= 15 s
Speed =

distance
time
0.3 km
15 s

= 0.02 km/hr

DISCUSSION
The data is obtained during laboratory session. Data of 100 numbers of cars
need to be taken to determine the speed between distances given. The speed is
obtained by compute the time taken of cars pass two checkpoint. The distance
between two checkpoints is 0.3km. The data from table is analyzed and it shows

that the highest speed obtained is 0.02km/h and the lowest speed obtained is
0.00967 km/h.
During the analyzation, it seen like there is something error occurred became the
pattern of the result obtained. As we discussed, there is several error that affect
the result which is systematic error. Tools such as stopwatch will disrupt the data
if not take simultaneously. Both at checkpoint A and B must start simultaneously
to obtain accurate result. Furthermore, others error is parallax error. The distance
measured might be affect the data even minor. There also the data was not
taken precisely. It need to be measured when the car passed the line
(checkpoint).

CONCLUSION
As conclusion, our group has successfully achieved the objective of the
experiment which is to determine the speed of vehicles travel between two
points by using manual calculation. We have learned identify the pattern of the
running speed between two points at a particular location. Next, we have
analyzed the data and we have sorted the data acquired in a suitable format
which is simple and clean. The highest speed for our running speed study is
0.02km/h while the lowest is 0.00967km/h. This shows that the road have a
diversity of vehicle speeds. All in all, this experiment has given us the
opportunity to reproduce data similar to the theory that has been taught in class.

APPENDIX

REFERENCES
1. Website: Civilengineeringlaboratory.blogspot.my
Title: Spot Speed Study.
Author's name: Syarifah Anom

SAFETY AND HEALTH

Student must arrive at each session in time with proper dress code such
as lab coat and safety shoes. No slipper are allowed.

Student should read the instruction carefully and follow the laboratory
procedures. Dont touch anything that you are not completely unfamiliar
with.

When using the equipment or run the experiment you must take the
equipment and use wisely and carefully. You also must return the
equipment properly.

Student are not allowed to enter the laboratory without permission from
the lecturers or the technician. Working alone in laboratory are strictly
forbidden.