Ideal Turbofan Cycle

Inlet

&fan
m

&total
m

&core
m

&core
m

&core
m total
m

&fan
m
4
1

7h

3
7c

Total thrust is generated by both cold and hot jets..

Analysis of Fan

m fan

Inlet

Analysis of fan

m air

m core
Design Parameter : Stagnation pressure ratio

p03 r0 p , fan p0 T03 0 p , fanT0

W fan m core 1 c pT0 1 0 p , fan

Analysis of Compressor

m fan

Inlet

m air

m core

Design Parameter : Stagnation

pressure ratio
3

W compressor m core c pT0 0 p , fan 1 0 p ,comp

p04 r0 p , fan r0 p ,comp p0

T04 0 p , fan 0 p ,compT0

Inlet

m fan

m air

m core

f
4

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp
H .V .
0,cc
c pT0

0 ,cc

m fuel H .V . m core c pT0 1 f 0,cc 0 p , fan 0 p ,comp

Combined Gas Dynamic & Thermodynamic SSSF model for Turbine

m fan

Inlet

m air

m core

W turbine mcore 1 f c p 0,ccT0 1 0 p ,turb

 0 p ,turb

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 1 1 0 p , fan 1

1
1 f 0,cc

T06 0,cc 0 p ,turbT0

r0 p ,turb

1
0 p ,turb

p06 r0 p , fan r0 p ,comp r0 p ,turb p0

Vigor of Hot Jet

T06 0,cc 0 p ,turbT0

p06 r0 p , fan r0 p ,comp r0 p ,turb p0

Combined Gas Dynamic & Thermodynamic SSSF model for Hot

Nozzle

m core 1 f h06 m core 1 f h07 h

T06 T07 h
1 2
T7 h 1
M 7 h T06
2

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 1 1 0 p , fan 1

T06 0,cc 1
T0
1 f 0,cc

 0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 1 1 0 p , fan 1

0,cc 1
T0
1 f 0,cc

T7 h
1 2

M 7h
1
2

Available life at the inlet to the nozzle will decide the

magnitude of T7h.

p07 h p06 r0 p , fan r0 p ,comp r0 p ,turb p0

1 2
p 1
M 7h
2

r0 p , fan r0 p ,comp r0 p ,turb p0

M 7h

r0 p , fan r0 p ,comp r0 p ,turb

p0

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 1 1 0 p , fan 1

1
0,ccT0
1 f 0,cc

T7 h
1 2

M 7h
1
2

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 1 1 0 p , fan 1

1
0,ccT0
1 f 0,cc

T7 h
1

p0

r
r
r
0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 0 p ,turb

T7 h

0,cc 0 p ,turbT0

T0
0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 0 p ,turb

0,ccT
T7 h
0 p , fan 0 p ,comp
V7 h M 7 h RT7 h RT7 h

2
T0
1
0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 0 p ,turb
1
T

0,cc
T0
2
V7 h RT
1
0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 0 p ,turb
0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 1
T

V7 h c

0,cc

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp

T0
2
1
0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 0 p ,turb
1
T

T0
1 2
1
M ac
T
2

Vhot jet c

0,cc

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp

2
1 2

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 0 p ,turb 1

M ac 1

1
2

Combined Gas Dynamic & Thermodynamic SSSF model for Cold

Nozzle

m core h03 m core h07 c

p
T7 c T03

p03

1 2
T7 c 1
M 7 c 0 p , fanT0
2

p
T03

r0 p , fan p0

p
T7 c 0 p , fanT0

r0 p , fan p0

T7 c T

 1 2
T7 c 1
M 7 c 0 p , fanT0
2

1 2
T0

M 7 c 0 p , fan
1
2
T

2
7c

T0
2

1
0 p , fan
1
T

V7 c M 7 c RT7 c RT

T0
2
1
0 p , fan
1
T

Vcoldjet M 7 c RT7 c c

Vhotjet c

0,cc

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp

2
1 2

0 p , fan 1
M ac 1

1
2

2
1 2

0 p , fan 0 p ,comp 0 p ,turb 1

M ac 1

1
2

Generation of Thrust : The Capacity

FT ,total FT , fanstream FT ,corestream

m core Vcoldjet Vac m core 1 f Vhotjet Vac

Propulsive Power or Thrust Power:

Pp FT ,totalVac

Specific Thrust based on core flow S

S core

Specific Thrust based on total flow S

Stotal

FT ,total

m core
FT ,total

m core 1

Thrust Ratio
Ratio of specific thrust of core stream to specific thrust of
fan stream.
Fcore
FR

F fan

core
m
fan
m

Fcore

F fan

Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption TSFC

TSFC
TSFC

m fuel
FT ,total
m fuel

m core 1 f Vhotjet Vac m core Vcold V jet

1 f V

hotjet

Vac Vcoldjet Vac

Aviation Appreciation
Propulsion Efficiency

propulsion
propulsion

Thrust Power

Available Kinetic Power of the Jet

m core
2

propulsion

1 f V

FT ,totalVac

2
hotjet

1 f V

2
hotjet

2
Vac2 Vcoldjet
Vac2

2 S coreVac
2
Vac2 Vcoldjet
V12

Performance Analysis of Turbofan

Operational Parameters : Flight Mach number & Ambient
conditions.
Design Variables : Fan Pressure Ratio, Bypass Ratio,
Compressor Pressure Ratio, Combustion Chamber
Temperature Ratio.
Fan Effects :
Fan Pressure Ratio
Bypass Ratio.
Fan Stream Thrust Vs Total Thrust.

TSFC

Utility of of Fan Bypass Ratio

S core
Vac

r0,p,fan=2.5
r0,p,comp=15
T0max=1200K Mac =0.75

Stotal
Vac

Fan Effects . : Fan Pressure Ratio: Mac = 0.75

r0,p,comp=15.0

T0max=1200K

Specific Thrust kN.s/kg

Effect of Flight Mach Number : Compactness

Mach Number

TSFC

Effect of Flight Mach Number : Fuel Economy

Mach Number

Effect of Flight Mach Number : Propulsion Efficiency

Mach Number