Chapter 9 Review Questions

1. A
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. More reactants are present than products at the beginning of a reaction and more products
are present than reactants at the end of a reaction. During a chemical reaction, reactants react
to produce products.
7. A catalyst reduces the amount of energy required for reactants to collide in effective
collisions. This increases the number of effective collisions and therefore increases the rate of
the reaction.
8. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that for any chemical reaction, the total mass of the
reactants must equal the total mass of the products.
9. D
10 a) 2 atoms H, 1 atom S, 4 atoms O
b) 10 atoms H, 5 atoms O
c) 3 atoms N, 12 atoms H, 3 atoms Cl
d) 4 atoms Al, 6 atoms S, 24 atoms O
e) 4 atoms N, 17 atoms H, 2 atoms P, 8 atoms O
11. a) The equation is not balanced because there are 2 H atoms in the reactants and 4 H atoms
in the products.
b) When balancing an equation, you cannot change any of the subscripts. Changing a subscript
changes the identity of the substance.
12. A
13. a) Ca + 2 HCl CaCl2 + H2; single replacement

b) 4 Al + 3 O2 2 Al2O3; synthesis
c) Ca(NO3)2 + 2 KOH 2 KNO3 + Ca(OH)2; double replacement
d) Ba + 2 H3PO4 Ba(PO4)2 + 3 H2; single replacement
e) Mg + 2 HBr MgBr2 + H2; single replacement
f) BaCO3 BaO + CO2; decomposition
g) C5H12 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O; combustion
h) H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2 H2O; acid-base neutralization
14. a) 2 Ca + O2 2 CaO; synthesis
b) Mg + 2 HBr MgBr2 + H2; single replacement
c) Ba(NO3)2 + 2 NaOH 2 NaNO3 + Ba(OH)2; double replacement
d) 2 Al + 3 CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Cu; single replacement
e) H2SO4 + Sr(OH)2 SrSO4 + 2 H2O; acid-base neutralization
f) 2 NaCl 2 Na + Cl2; decomposition
g) 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 16 CO2 + 18 H2O; combustion
h) 2 Fe + 2 H3PO4 2 FePO4 + 3 H2; single replacement
15. a) 2 HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
A single replacement reaction would explain the calcium replacing the hydrogen and forming
calcium chloride. A decomposition reaction would explain the carbonate ion breaking down
into carbon dioxide and oxygen, which then combines with the hydrogen to form water.
b) To increase the rate of this reaction, I would increase the concentration of the reactants, HCl,
and CaCO3, increase the surface area of the CaCO3 by grinding it into a fine powder, and
increase the temperature of the reactants.
c) Increasing the concentration of the reactants would increase the number of reactant
particles that could collide in effective collisions and react. Increasing the surface area of the
solid reactant allows for more collisions between reactant particles, thereby increasing the
reaction rate. Increasing the temperature of the reactant adds energy to the system, which

increases the frequency of the reactant collisions and also increases the energy or effectiveness
of these collisions.