Kunal Shah

February 4, 2016
Biol 495-H02: Honors Seminar in Biology
Dr. Stanko & Dr. Fortune
Annotated Bibliography - The Relationship between Traumatic Brain Injuries
(TBIs) and Neurodegenerative Disease
1. Traumatic Brain Injury Football, Warfare, and Long-Term Effects. New
England Journal of Medicine, 363(14), 1293-1296.
doi:10.1056/NEJMp1007051
This paper revolves around TBIs and the information relating to future
affects of a TBI. It touches upon the subject of the development of
neurodegenerative disorders as well as the development of tau tangles in
the brain following repeated mild TBIs. It focuses on comparing mild TBIs,
repeated mild TBIs, and severe TBIs. It goes on to talk about how each of
these types of injuries has their own effects and how they could lead into
more serious problems such as neurodegenerative diseases, but much of
this information is unknown and not backed by a deeper biochemical
understanding.
2. Esopenko, C., & Levine, B. (2015). Aging, neurodegenerative disease,
and traumatic brain injury: the role of neuroimaging. J Neurotrauma,
32(4), 209-220. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3506
This review article covers the link between neurodegenerative disorders and
TBIs. It also covers the advances in neuroimaging technologies that can help
uncover much of the information that is still unknown about both TBIs and
neurodegenerative disorders as well as the links between them. Lastly the
article also overviews how these technologies have shown some evidience of
the changes that the brain goes through following a TBI.
**Need access to full article**
3. Gardner, R. C., & Yaffe, K. (2015). Epidemiology of mild traumatic brain
injury and neurodegenerative disease. Mol Cell Neurosci, 66(Pt B), 7580. doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.001
This article reviews how many epidemiological studies have shown that
mTBIs are a risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases such as
Alzheimers, Parkinsons, ALS, and CTE but at the same time besides this
there is much still unknown regarding the true connection between the
injuries and diseases. It compiles many research studies that go based of
epidemiological research and discusses what needs to be uncovered in order
to get a better understanding of the connection between the two.

4. Johnson, V. E., Stewart, W., & Smith, D. H. (2010). Traumatic brain

injury and amyloid-[beta] pathology: a link to Alzheimer's disease? Nat
Rev Neurosci, 11(5), 361-370. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2808
This study again highlights that a strong epidemiological relationship exists
between TBIs and the development of neurodegenerative disorders, but
besides this much is unknown. It covers how that the signature symptom of
many neurodegenerative disorders, amyloid-beta plaques, is found within
patients as soon as a couple hours after a TBI. It tries to explore how after a
TBI amyloid precursor protein may build up in damaged axons and lead to an
aggregation of amyloid-beta protein resulting in plaques.
5. Little, D. M., Geary, E. K., Moynihan, M., Alexander, A., Pennington, M.,
Glang, P., Huang, J. H. (2014). Imaging chronic traumatic brain injury as
a risk factor for neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 10(3,
Supplement), S188-S195.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.002
This article discusses how many studies are being compiled to understand
and evaluate the possible risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders as
well as how to alter this progression. It also revolves around how
neuroimaging could be used to research a link between TBIs and
neurodegenerative disorders as well as using data from studies to help
provide support to this point and possibly help uncover part of the
relationship between the two.
6. Maiti, T. K., Konar, S., Bir, S., Kalakoti, P., Bollam, P., & Nanda, A. (2015).
Role of apolipoprotein E polymorphism as a prognostic marker in
traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease: a critical review.
Neurosurg Focus, 39(5), E3. doi:10.3171/2015.8.focus15329
This paper talks about how apolipoprotein E (APOE) is one of the biggest
genetic risk factors of neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia and
also discusses its role after the development of TBIs. This paper could
provide help a possible connection of APOE between both neurodegenerative
disorder development and TBI occurrences, but just like much research
within this field more information is needed and more studies need to be
done before any conclusive finds can be stated.