FORMS OF

GOVERNMENT

ANARCHY
Anarchy is the type of
government where there is
no government at all.

Every person is left to

fend for themselves.
People must continue to
live through farming on
their own land, find water,
and build a home on there
own.

No one tells you what to

do and there is no voting.

ANARCHY
Advantages:

Freedom individuals
manage their own assets
without interference
Disadvantages:

More potential for

disorder and inequality
No guiding principles in
recognition of basic
human rights

EXTREME INDIVIDUALISM

THEOCRACY
The religious leaders
are also the political
leaders
The deity of the religion
is recognized as the
ultimate source of
authority
Political decisions
reflect religious dogma
(beliefs)

THEOCRACY
Advantages:
Easier to create social reforms
Easier to implement policy as
control /compliance is easier to
attain)
Disadvantages:
Intolerance is common and
minorities may lack legal status
Innovation is constrained by
dogma
Fallible humans, not the deity,
are in charge

AUTOCRACY:
DICTATORSHIP

One person or small

group holds all the
power

Constitutional limitations
are ineffective and
leaders often resort to
force or fraud to gain
power and use
intimidation, terror and
suppression of civil
rights to maintain it

AUTOCRACY:
DICTATORSHIP
Advantages:

Provides organization,
control and efficiency.

Disadvantages:

Individual rights are

suppressed (freedom of
speech, of the press, etc.)
Transition of power is
uncertain and can lead to
instability

AUTOCRACY:
MONARCHY

One person has all the

power

The sovereign, or ruler,

comes to power through
being born into the
ruling family

Power is held until

death, abdication or
overthrow

AUTOCRACY:
MONARCHY
Advantages:

Provides stability, tradition

and is a unifying force

Disadvantages:

Is expensive, there are no

criteria for becoming
leader except birthright,
can be remote from
populace

CONSTITUTIONAL
MONARCHY
The queen or king acts as
head of state while the actual
ability to make and pass
legislation is held by the
elected Parliament

The monarch is bound by the

constitution the rules and
not free will

Formally appoints prime

ministers, approves
legislation and bestows
honours

Safeguards democracy can

call elections

DEMOCRACY

Citizens hold the power

In Direct Democracy all

eligible citizens are
involved in decision
making and voting
In Representational
Democracy citizens
relinquish decision making
powers to elected
representatives

DEMOCRACY
Advantages:
Protects individual rights and freedoms
Promotes equality
Decisions are made from input from
multiple sources
Allows and promotes change
Disadvantages:
Coming to consensus on key issues can
be difficult and lengthy
Can lead to wasted resources (time
and money)
No guarantee that leaders are
competent

IDEOLOGIES

AN IDEOLOGY IS
Anideologyis a system of beliefs or theories reflecting
the social needs and aspirations of an individual, a
group, a class, or a culture. The ideal way of social
oarganization.

Often, ideology seems invisible - we simply think that our

beliefs are natural and obviously true.

FASCISM: BENITO MUSSOLINIS

GIFT TO THE WORLD
Fascism developed out of
the turmoil Italy
experienced following WWI
and the Great Depression
Political and economic
chaos!!!

FASCISM
Rights and freedoms of the individual are negligible
It is the responsibility of people to serve the state
collective identity

A Strong military is used to obtain and maintain power

Political opposition is forbidden and met with harsh
penalties (beatings and death)

Nationalism and militarism are the foundation of

government
Tends towards racism to keep the nation strong

CONSERVATISM
Individualism
The individual is responsible for financial needs

Stability is highly valued

Change must be made gradually
Undermining stability is very dangerous because
societies can easily fall into chaos and violence

Traditional values (social standards)

Police/Military receive strong support
Limited government regulation and intervention
Fewer taxes as well as fewer social supports
Laissez-faire economics the market will take care of
itself

CLASSICAL LIBERALISM
Its all about the liberty and the individual

CLASSICAL LIBERALISM
Individualism
Society is a collection of unconnected individuals
individual freedom is a priority

Freedom and Equality

Individuals have the right to make choices for themselves
No person is morally or politically superior to others

Progress
New ideas lead to progress in social, cultural and economic
progress

The free market

Individual gain is more important than the community
Individuals should be guided by the invisible hand of the
free market to maximize personal and social fulfilment
The role of the state is small should only remove obstacles
to entrepreneurship

LIBERALISM
Development of liberalism
Part way through the 19th century liberals
realized they had to appeal to a wider section
of society and working class men did not own
property
Governments can help regulate but not direct the
economy

The focus became civil rights

Governments should intervene to maintain basic rights
of individuals and groups

EARLY SOCIALISM
Thomas Paine was a key figure in the
emergence of claims for the state's
responsibilities for welfare and
educational provision

Robert Owen a 19th century social

reformer who created cotton mills with
the specific intention of providing social
and industrial welfare programs to his
workers (children/education was a
particular interest)

SOCIALISM
Based on ideas of collectivism
Human beings are social by nature, and society
should respect this.

Economic equality
Wealth is distributed equitably among populace everyone who contributes to production is entitled
to benefit

Public ownership
Society, not individuals, should own major industries

Central economic planning

The government plays a role in managing the
economy not a completely free market

KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH

ENGELS

Communism grew out of the massive inequalities and

is in essence a political and economic doctrine that
aims to replace private property and a profit-based
economy with public ownership and communal control

COMMUNISM
Marx and Engels considered revolution the inevitable
result of class conflict (1848)
In theory, communism is a revolutionary approach to
achieving complete equality.
Workers would toss off the shackles of false beliefs and rise
up and overthrow the elite.
Classless society in which all members jointly share the
means and output of production.
The state controls and directs the economy and property

In reality, authoritarian and violent measures are often

required to create and maintain a communist state and
the workers utopia does not exist

THE WORKING CLASS WILL

OVERTHROW THE RULING CLASS

LIBERTARIAN VS
AUTHORITARIAN
In authoritarianism, the collective (or state) is
more important than the individual. Authority
should be obeyed by the individual.

In libertarianism, it is the individual and their

rights that matters most. Protection of individual
rights to freedom and autonomy is the primary
role of the state.

TOTALITARIANISM
Theoretically permits no individual freedom and is
a form that seeks to control and direct all aspects
of the individuals life under the authorityof the
government.
Communism (on the left)
Fascism (on the right)

WORKING WITH IDEOLOGIES

Task:
Create an infographic that clearly differentiates between
and describes the characteristics of the main ideologies
Contrast two ideologies (ex. communism and fascism)
Contrast four ideologies (ex. communism, socialism, liberalism
and conservatism )
Contrast five ideologies and include forms of government that
are connected to these ideologies

This is image based with text see the example

Use pages 297 to 300 and your notes to guide you.