Do Now

1. Please quickly find your new

assigned seat.
2. You should have received
Mod 1&2 scantrons WITH a
test tracker attached. If not,
come see me asap.
3. You may use technology to
help you answer both the
front AND back of the test
tracker.
4. When you are done, please
place your scantron with
completed test tracker in the

Modules 3 and 5
Cellular Structure
(Day 1 of 6)

They Might Be Giants

Cells (official video) - YouTube

(3 mins)

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I. How were cells discovered?

A. New technologies lead to new
discoveries
1. Robert Hooke Invented the first
microscope and was the first to
observe and name the small units that make
up organisms. He called those small units
cells because of the appearance of the
structures in the
dead cork he observed.

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Anton van
Leeuwenho
ek
(16321723)

2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Improved

the microscope and procedures for
observing cells. He was able to clearly
see living cells when observing the
scrapings from his teeth.

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Through the cooperative efforts of many

individual scientists, a unifying cell theory
was developed:
1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. Cells are the structural and
functional units of organisms.
3. All cells come from pre-existing
cells.

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What do cells share?

Structures found in ALL cells:
DNA, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, and
Ribsomes

Organelles
Cytoplasm is the filling of the cell and
is made of up to 90% water.
Ribosomes are organelles that are the
site of protein synthesis.

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Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

Composed of a
phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins. The
fluid mosaic model
describes the structure of
the cell membrane.
Fluid Individual phospholipids and proteins
can move past each other; they are not
fixed in one position.
Mosaic The membrane has more than one
type of molecule (phospholipids and
proteins)

Functions of the cell membrane

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Selectively permeable regulates

what enters and leaves the cell. This
helps maintain homeostasis.
Along with the cytoplasm, the membrane
gives the cell shape.

Organelles
Nucleus- surrounds the chromosomes for
additional protection; controls all the cells
activities.
Nucleus is surrounded by a phospholipid
bilayer (nuclear envelope/nuclear
membrane).
Random fact: In high school
I had the opportunity to earn
my cosmetology license if I
stayed in the elective
program all 4 years, but I let
my absences deter me from
that goal.
I was kicked out of the
program at the end of my
freshman year.

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Organelles
Mitochondria site of cellular respiration which
produces cell energy (ATP).
Structure contains folded membranes which
increases surface area allowing more space for
more reactions.

Organelles
Vacuoles store food, waste or water
used inside the cell or excreted from the
cell.
Size differs in plant vs. animal cells.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes
which digest food contained in vacuoles
as well as old or damaged cell parts

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Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) a series of
interconnected folded membranes that
function in modifying proteins,
detoxification of alcohols, and
communication.
Golgi Complex packages materials for
export from cells.

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Organelles found ONLY in plant

and plant-like cells
Chloroplasts organelles full of
chlorophyll that are the site of
photosynthesis which produce sugars
(C6H12O6)
Cell wall provides extra support,
protection, and shape for the cell; found
outside the cell membrane and made of
cellulose.

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D. Structure found ONLY in animal

cells
1. Centrioles organelle that helps
with cell division in animal cells.

Group Activity
Cell Factory
Analogy reading.
With 1 partner,
answer the
questions on a
separate sheet of
paper.