Works Cited

Secondary Source: Bergreen, Laurence. Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf, 2007. Print. In " Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu" Laurence Bergreen
gives us a retelling of Marco Polo's journey through out Europe and Asia. Bergreen
writes from a broad range of surviving Polo manuscripts and Polo's own book, "The
Travels of Marco Polo" to create the timeless story of Marco Polo's travels.
Primary Source: "Excepts from the Book of Ser Marco Polo: The Venetian Concerning
Kingdoms and the Marvels of the East." Asia for Educators. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2016.
<http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/china/Polo_short.pdf>. In "Excerpts From The Book of
ser Marco Polo", Columbia University used excerpts from the real book (Ser marco Polo)
to draw an outline of Marco's travels through Asia. Through these excerpts we learn that
Marco exchanged with many new people like Kublai Khan and encountered noble cities
such as Suju.
Secondary Source: Fosco, Maraini. "Polo, Marco." Britannica. By Fosco. N.p.: n.p., 1994. 1-3.
Print. In the article "Polo, Marco" author Maraini Fosco writes about Polo's life in short
chapters full of description. Each chapter gives a phase of his life, for example in chapter
one they start with his childhood and progress as his life continues.
Secondary Source: Halsall, Paul. "Chinese Cultural Studies: Marco Polo [1254-1324]: Travels in
China." Brooklyn College Core. Brooklyn College, n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.
<Http://www.acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/marcopolo.html>. In "Marco
Polo [1254-1324] Travels in China" Brooklyn College gives us a quick summary of
Polo's route through out Asia and Europe. To help illustrate his route they use chapters

from his book "The Travels of Marco Polo" to help make a more detailed description of
the cities he passes through and the people in them.
Secondary Source: Hoffert, Brian. "Marco Polo Travel Map." Yuan Dynasty. North Central
college, n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2016.
<Http://bhoffert.faculty.nocrl.edu/HST261/20.YuanDynasty.html>. This image is of a
map that illustrates the path that marco polo traveled across on his route through out Asia
and Europe in the years 1271 to 1295. The map includes cities and states that he passed
through to give a sense of location of where he traveled.
Secondary Source: Jackson, Peter. "Marco Polo and His Travels." Keele University. 12 July
2011. Reading. In "Marco Polo and His 'Travels'" Peter Jackson writes about Polo's
experience on his Journey. In Jackson's essay he debates whether Polo actually saw some
of the things he said he saw. For example polo says he saw unicorns in the city of Basma.
Secondary Source: "Kublai Khan." WLIW21. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2016.
<Http://www.WLIW.org/marcopolo/2008/10/30/timeline-marco-polos-journey/>. Photo
of a painting of what is believed to be what Kublai Khan looks like. No one knows for
sure what Khan looks like because there has been no paintings discovered of him so artist
use descriptions from Marco Polo's book "The Travels of Marco Polo" to give their best
quess of what he looks like.
Primary Source: "Lib. V." Www.Columbia.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2016.
<Http://www.columbia.edu/its/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/munster/india/aa_india.ht
ml>. This picture is a photograph of a page from the book "The Travels of Marco Polo".
The picture was taken from a copy that was created in the 1300's.

Secondary Source: "Marco Polo and His Travels." Silk Road Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb.
2016. <Http://www.silk-road.com?artl/marcopolo.shtml>. In "Marco Polo, Travels" by
the Silk Road Foundation, they explain that the Polo's weren't the first Europeans to
travel into Asia, but they were the most famous to do so. They emphasize the fact that yet
they were not the first to travel through Asia, but they traveled the farthest and back and
wrote a book about it.
Primary Source: "Marco Polo Dressed in Tartar Costume." WLI21. PBS, n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
<Http://www.Wliw.org/marcopolo/2008/10/30/timeline-marco-polos-journey/>. Photo of
a picture of Marco Polo dressed up in a Tartar costume. This painting was created in 1323
right before his death to give respect to the Tartar slave who accompanied him in Asia
(Tartar is what Mongol native people were called).
Secondary Source: "Marco Polo Interactive." National Endowment for the Humanities. U.S
Government, n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
<http://edsitement.neh.gov/sites/edsitement.neh.gov/files/M_Polo_Rte_Quiz_Revsd02.s
wf>. This website created by the U.S national government provides an interactive display
of Marco Polo's travels through Asia. To move through Asia you answer questions based
on Polo's book, "The Travels of Marco Polo". Each time you answer a question correctly
you move to the next city untill you have completed the journey.
Primary Source: "Marco Polo Manuscript." World Digital Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2016.
<Http://www.WDI.org/en/item/14300/>. Photo of one of the oldest extant copies of "The
Travels of Marco Polo". This manuscript is believed to be created in the year 1350.
Primary Source: "Marco Polo Map." Ben Shoemate's Notebook. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2016.
<Http://reader.benshoemate.com/tag/wide/>. Map believed to be created by Marco Polo

during his travels between the years 1271-1295. The paper the map was drawn on is
decrepit and it is very difficult to read.
Secondary Source: "Marco Polo's Effects on the East and the West." Historpedia. N.p., n.d. Web.
9 Feb. 2016. <Http://sites.google.com/a/umn.edu/historpedia/home/interactionexchange/marco-polo-S-effects-on-the-east-and-the-west-fall-2012>. "Marco Polo's
Effect on the East and the West" created by Historpedia informs readers about the effects
Marco Polo's journey had on eastern civilizations and western civilizations. Histopedia's
authors go into detail about what each civilization had to offer and how it spiked each
civilizations curiosities for what they had in store for their personal interests.
Primary Source: "Mariner Compass Marco Polo Brought Back to Venice." Marco Polo Vintage
Auction. Weebly, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2016.
<Http://marcopoloauctionsite.weebly.com/store/p1/Marco_Polo's_First_Mariner_compas
s.html>. Picture of a very old compass that is believed to be made a few years after
Marco Polo brought back the very first compass Europe had seen. The compass is
believed to be made in the time period of about 1300.
Primary Source: "Mosaic of Marco Polo." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2016.
<Http://Travel.nationalgeographic.com/travels/countries/marco-polo-photos/#/marcopolo-mosaic_11363_600x450.jpg>. Photograph of a mosaic of Marco Polo that was made
in 1304 by a merchant in Venice. Marco wanted a portrait or mosaic of himself before he
died so that he could be remembered by his friends and family.
Primary Source: Pisa, Rustichello, and Marco Polo. The Travels of Marco Polo. N.p.: Cosomo,
2007. Print. This book "The Travels of Marco Polo" is an updated copy of the book Polo
and Pisa published in the year 1300. In "The Travels of Marco Polo" Pisa wrote about

stories of Polo's travels throughout Asia and Europe and his experiences at the court of
Kublai Khan in the years 1276 to 1291.
Secondary Source: Riddle, John. Marco Polo. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest, 2003. Print. In
"Marco Polo" Riddle mainly focused on the Polo's return to Venice, Italy and their spread
of knowledge to the people there. He tells the story through Marco Polo's point of view
and sprinkles a storyline into the facts and knowledge that we have about Marco Polo.
Primary Source: Singleton, Edward. The Adventures of Marco Polo, the Great Traveler. Primary
Source ed. Nabu: Nabu Press, 2013. Print. In "The Adventures of Marco Polo" Edward
Singleton republishes the book created by Ed Holden in 1846. In the reproduction of the
original created by Ed Holten, Polo travels with his uncle and father throughout Europe
and Asia meeting new people and seeing cities he has never heard of before.
Primary Source: "Travels of Marco Polo." Sam Houston University. Sam Houston State
University, n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2016. <Http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Polo.html>. The
"Travels of Marco Polo" website presented by Sam Houston University uses 34
chapters/excerpts of the original book "The Travels of Marco Polo" to show Polo's life.
At the bottom of the website there are summaries of each chapter to give a better
understanding of where he has been and what he is talking about. Sam Houston
University uses modern cities and language to help give you this understanding.