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February 2016
Vol. 04 | No. 10
ISSN-2454-4426
EDITOR
Tech Focus
: RAmESH CHOPRA
EDITORIAL
: EDITORIAL SECRETARY
CORRESPONDENCE PHONE: 011-26810601; E-mAIL: EDITSEC@EFY.IN
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mUmBAI
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38
20 Artificial Intelligence
A Beautiful Artificial Mind
126
130
48 Telecom
131
Advertisers Index
30
Tech Focus
44
Innovation
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Choosing The
Right Bench
Power Supply
Feedback
Q&A
Useful Websites
Tech News
Make in India: Industry News
New Products
First Look
Business Pages Ads
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E-mAIL: EFYENq@EFY.IN
64
06
08
10
14
84
92
110
115
CHENNAI
TAIwAN
Buyers Guide
Do-IT-Yourself
73 Manufacture
76
Event
87
Make in India
eStyle
Interviews
70
certiFications:
We can even create our own medical
device and test it on our neighbour
Kalyan Varma, vice president - Business stream
72
MicrocontroLLers:
Most connected devices are nodes at the
last centimetre of networks sanjay Gupta,
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FEEDBACK
YOUR SUGGESTIONS
EFY NEW LAYout DESigN
The new layout of EFY January issue
is amazing. It is very attractive. EFY
covers the latest technology and new
products. I love DIY section and open
source materials in every issue. I am
very thankful to EFY!
Samiuddhin
Through email
EFY. Thanks for the feedback! Your
feedback is important to us for improvement and to make a difference
in a better way. We highly appreciate
your support for the benefit of our
readers and look forward to hearing
from you in the future, too.
thANKS!
I thank EFY circulation team for their
swift action and support. I made a
complaint regarding non-receipt of
December issue. I received the issue
within three days!
V. Nagaraj
Through email
EFY. Thanks for the feedback!
FiRSt LooK
In eStyle First Look section in December 2015 issue, specification for
OnePlus X by OnePlus is wrongly
mentioned. It should be 2.3 quad-core
system on chip, instead of 2.3 quadcore CPUs.
Ravichandra Metri
Through email
EFY. We normally get all data from
the original manufacturers website.
Specifications printed in the article
are clearly mentioned on OnePlus
website.
Quiz SEctioN
I am a subscriber to EFY and it is very
6
Spot An Error
AWARD Winners
In Things You Wanted to Know Q&A
section of December 2015 issue, under
Q2, details related to the Bluetooth
module and Bluetooth dongle including
Figs 1 and 2 are wrong. Fig. 1 should be
HC-05 module. Fig. 2 should be Bluetooth
dongle and not as mentioned in the third
paragraph. Also, there is no figure of
BT 24 module as explained in
the second paragraph.
Darshan Shah
From electronicsforu.com
Circuits and
Microcontrollers
I will try making Ultrasonic Radar
Model Using Microcontroller
ATmega128 circuit published in
February 2015 issue. Thank you for
sharing the information!
Briju
EFY. Thanks for the feedback!
In Motion Detector Using NE555
Timer article published in August 2015
issue, what is TP0 to TP2. Where can I
get the PIR module?
Rakesh Kumar
EFY. TP0 through TP2 are test points.
Voltages given in Test Points table
may be helpful for beginners during
troubleshooting. PIR modules are easily
available in electronic component shops.
In New Delhi, you can get these from
Lajpat Rai Market. PIRs like HC-SR501
modules are easily available online on
websites such as www.ebay.in
I liked 12V Battery Absorb and
Float Charger circuit published in
September 2015 issue. Which tool is
used for designing the PCB? Can you
send the complete kit of this project?
Praveen
EFY. We used gEDA software for
designing the circuit and PCB layout.
The complete kit of this project is not
available with us right now. However,
you may check www.kitsnspares.com
for similar projects.
Rakesh
Through email
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Q&A
a3. There are various types of accelerometers available in the market based
on various sensing principles. These
are capacitive, piezoelectric, piezoresistive, Hall effect, magnetoresistive and
heat transfer, etc.
Consider the following points when
buying an accelerometer:
Analogue versus digital. This is
determined by the hardware that is being interfaced with the accelerometer.
Analogue style accelerometers output
a continuous voltage that is proportional to acceleration, whereas digital
accelerometers usually use pulse width
modulation (PWM) for output.
Number of axes. For most projects,
two axes are enough. However, if you
want to attempt 3D positioning, you
will need a 3-axis accelerometer.
Maximum swing. If you only care
about measuring tilt using Earths grav-
USEFUL Websites
GETTING STARTED WITH DRONES
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones are something that fascinates most of us.
This month we have some websites that will help you know more about these drones
Compiled by nira j sahay
diydrones.com
robotshop.com
www.droneflyers.com
www.robotshop.com/blog/en/make-uavlesson-1-platform-rtf-arf-kit-custom-13989
www.diydrones.com
myfirstdrone.com
droneflyers.com
dronezon.com
10
www.dronezon.com/latest-uavs-newsdrone-uses-research-innovation
Tech NEWS
TECHNOLOGY UPDATES
Tech News
The layer-by-layer solar thermal fuel polymer film comprises three distinct layers
(Image courtesy: www.news.mit.edu)
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Tech News
17
Tech News
The researchers tested the sensors in baths of saline
solution that caused these to dissolve after a few days.
Next, they tested the devices in the brains of rats. Having
seen that the sensors are accurate and dissolve in the
solution and in the brains of rats, researchers now are
planning to test the technology on humans.
It is called VertiGo and is capable of making a nearseamless transition from the ground to a wall. It is also
capable of mind-boggling wall-riding owing to a pair
of tiltable propellers that provide thrust onto the wall,
effectively sucking it against the vertical surface.
With two steerable wheels, VertiGo can be operated as
a radio-controlled car. But, unlike the radio-controlled car,
VertiGo has two infrared distance sensors mounted on the
front to estimate its orientation in space.
The robot has potential use in entertainment, such as
providing visual effects, but is also a general technology
for locomotion on walls with possible other uses such as
industrial inspection.
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
artificial intelligence
Deepak Halan
is associate
professor at School
of Management
Sciences, Apeejay
Stya University
Fig. 1: ELIZA, an
interactive program,
was based on a
very basic level of
AI (Image courtesy:
www.scaruffi.com)
20
Evolution of AI
The human race has fantasised about
thinking machines right from the time of
classical Greece. Homers Iliad talks about
robots that were made by Greek God
Hephaestus. While some of these robots
were like humans, others were mere
machines such as the golden tripods that
served food and wine at feasts.
With the advent of modern computers
it became feasible to create programs that
performed difficult intellectual tasks. The
first half of the 20th century saw British
mathematicians and philosophers Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead
publish Principia Mathematica, which
revolutionised formal logic.
In 1923, Karel Kapeks play R.U.R.
(Rossums Universal Robots), staged in
London in 1923, was the first to use the
word robot in English language. Much
later, in 1956, John McCarthy created the
phrase artificial intelligence (AI) while
looking for words to describe the key
topic of a conference. The same year saw
An introduction to AI
AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, more so, intelligent computer programs. In simple terms,
if a computer performs a function which
if a human was to do would be called
intelligent, then we can say the computer
has intelligence.
Intelligence is a combination of knowledge and reasoning power since reasoning
power construes facts that are unknown
to knowledge. This criteria for AI is a very
challenging task given that computers
work on binary logic. When a computer
only knows yes and no, it is demandWWW.EFYMAG.COM
artificial intelligence
experience and can actually solve
problems or give advice based on
what it has learned.
artificial intelligence
Conclusion
Haley Joel Osment played a robot
created with the ability to have emotions, dreams and desires in Steven
Spielbergs movie A.I. Artificial
Intelligence, a sci-fi adaptation of
Pinocchio story.
There has been a certain level of
resistance to AI due to the fear of
the world being taken over by machines, as the gap between humans
and machines becomes narrower.
However, there is also the belief
that a machine can never be as
good as a human being in making
business decisions.
There is a school of thought that
believes that human-level intelligence can be achieved by writing
large numbers of programs but most
AI researchers believe that new and
creative fundamental ideas are required. While it cannot be predicted
by when human-level intelligence
will be achieved, we do not really
need to simulate conscious human
thought as such.
The emphasis today is on
developing computers that can be
operated intuitively with minimum
human involvement. This demands
a system that can crunch data on a
platform and in a device-agnostic
manner. Ideally, development of
meaningful AI will demand that machines obtain some form of human
consciousness to create useful and
powerful assistants.
While there has been rapid progress in hardware, storage and parallel-processing architectures, the field
of artificial consciousness remains in
its infancy stage. And much like the
human body, this system is expected
to carry out its functions and adapt
to its users requirements without the
need of the user to go into minute
details of its functioning.
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embedded
Gate-LeveL SimuLationS:
An Increasing Trend
V.P. Sampath is an
active member of
IEEE and Institution
of Engineers India
Ltd. He is a regular
contributor to
national newspapers,
IEEE-MAS section,
and has published
international papers
in VLSI and networks
RTL
Test bench
Verification
Linting
Logic
Equivalence
Check
Synthesis
26
Simulation
STA
Fig. 1: Gate-level
simulation flow
embedded
Running GLS
Simulator Flow
STA Flow
STA Tool
GLS Netlist
Generates
Violation Report
SDF with no
timing issue
Check for
Errors in report
ERRORS
Generate SDF
No
SDF
No
SIM PASS
Yes
Yes
Designers
Work on Real
Design Fix
Modify/Update
SDF
Temporarily
Temporary fix of known timing issues
to start GLS SIM early and focus on
new unknown GLS issues
No
Original
SDF Used
Yes
Design Tape Out
GLS challenges
The challenge in GLS is X propagation debug. X corruption may be
caused by a number of reasons such
as timing violations, uninitialised
memory and non-resettable flops.
There generally are uninitialised flops
in design which due to the architecture are guaranteed not to cause any
problems. There is a need to find
out all such flops in the design and
initialise these to some random value
(either zero or one) so as to mimic
silicon. It gives a clear picture of how
the design will behave at the desired
frequency with actual delays in place.
Although GLS has its own set
of challenges like set-up issues
and long run time, among others,
it is still very much a part of the
sign-off process.
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tech focus
A Sunrise
PePPered With drones
W
Janani
Gopalakrishnan
Vikram is a
technically-qualified
freelance writer,
editor and handson mom based in
Chennai
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
tech focus
Patch, that is, drones that can
autonomously inspect, identify and
repair potholes in roads.
The third is Fire and Forget robots, which can operate perpetually
within live utility pipes, handling
tasks like inspection, repair, metering and reporting.
The multi-million-pound project
is actually deeper than it appears to
be. It will involve not just advanced
research in drones and robotics,
but also include development of
advanced simulators like airflow
simulators to study air pollution,
tackle the problem of aging water
pipelines and more. The project
will also study the environmental and social impact of having a
robot workforce always on duty in
the city, trying to achieve the task
with minimal disturbance to the
citys dwellers.
Robot scientists from across Europe have joined hands under the auspices of Aerial
Robotics Cooperative Assembly System (ARCAS) project to develop drones that can
fly in a coordinated way to share the weight of heavy building materials. This will help
deliver heavy payloads to difficult areas not reachable by cranes, which often pose
risks to human workers.
Drones are expected to be very helpful for farmers, too. Stevia, the sugar substitute
maker, considered deploying drones with lights over their farms to promote crop growth
at night, too. A contest held last year in Maryland, USA, challenged students to develop
drones that could prevent infestation of corn crops. Some interesting designs involved
drones that landed on infested crops and pulled out insects with mechanical arms.
NASA has shown how UAVs can be used to hunt hurricanes, while Lockheed Martin
showed how these can help in detecting and predicting avalanches, volcanic eruptions,
wildfires and other natural disasters.
Conservation Drones is an organisation focused on using drones for environmentalconservation activities such as protecting chimpanzees in Tanzania and tracking
Sumatran orangutans.
IBM is developing a drone called IRIS+, which can play table tennis. IRIS+ can
automatically track the trajectory of a ball coming to its side of the table and return the
ball to the other player.
equip the drones with digital cameras that capture a 360-degree image
of what is around them. However,
this goes against the form factor
and weight requirements, which are
For More
Test and Equipment Stories
Visit www.electronicsb2b.com
32
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tech focus
More bio-inspired drones...
extra energy. He is now studying the multi-modal mobility of birds
The US Army is working on Robo-Fly, which will one day relieve
and other creatures, which comfortably move between water, land
humans from the life-threatening job of espionage. Using
and sky, to develop drones with similar capabilities.
piezoelectric materials, they have developed a fruit-fly-size microrobot that can flap its wings without a motor. The prototype wings David Lentink and his team at Stanford University, USA, have
designed bird-inspired wings for drones. Unlike the rigid wings of
that they have made are just 3mm long, and are made of leadhelicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, these special wings can flap like
zirconium-titanate, a material that bends and flaps when voltage
a birds and fold back on impact, enabling these to recover instantly
is applied to it. They have also used the same material to design
after a collision and continue flying like birds do. The wings are
a set of tiny robotic legs (like a millipedes) that can crawl when
made of carbon-fibre and Mylar film. Each wing consists of two
voltage is applied to these. It might be 10 to 15 years before these
parts, one arm wing and one hand wing, hinged together with a
wings and legs actually turn into spying insects.
3D-printed wrist joint that enables the hand wing to fold back over
Mirko Kovac, director of Aerial Robotics Laboratory at Imperial
the arm wing. The arm wing is further attached to the body by a
College London, believes in turning to nature for answers to drone
shoulder joint. When the wings flap, a centrifugal force is created,
challenges. By studying the perching of birds, he has developed
enabling smooth flight. On collision, the wings fold back without
a pigeon-size drone that can fly to the side of a building and
any damage, recover instantly and start flapping again. All this
comfortably perch on it. Basically, mechanical forces resulting from
happens passively, without requiring any electronics. This would
the impact cause the drones two arms to fly forward and make a
make drones lighter and more reliable, too.
grabbing action that holds onto the brickwork without spending any
for UAVs. The artificial eye measures just two cubic millimetres
and weighs just two milligrams. It
features a lens on top of all three
electronic photodetectors in a triangular pattern. The device combines the measurements of these
photodetectors to determine the
speed and direction of any motion
in its field-of-view. This is similar to how the segmented eyes of
insects capture their environment to
avoid obstacles.
Autonomy is a matter of
perception
If drones are to be really useful, delivering parcels, spying enemy territories, entering danger zones ahead
of fire-fighters and first-responders,
and more, these need to be aware
of their environment and capable of
flying autonomously. Drone makers across the world are investing
34
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tech focus
efforts in this direction.
Ascending Technologies, for
example, has been working with
Intel to develop solutions for obstacle avoidance. Intels RealSense
360-degree-depth camera module,
which is less than four millimetre
thick, weighing around eight grams,
has been effectively combined with
powerful microprocessors and smart
algorithms to improve the perception capabilities of drones without
affecting payload and flight times.
AscTec FireFly, for example, uses
Intel cameras to auto-fly through
forests without crashing into trees.
AscTec Neo, a research UAV, which
will be available in 2016, will have a
more advanced sensor ring with six
Intel RealSense cameras, which will
give it a 360-degree view essential
for autonomous navigation.
tech focus
F
Dilin Anand is a
senior assistant
editor at EFY. He
is B.Tech from
University of Calicut,
currently pursuing
MBA from Christ
University, Bengaluru
Propulsion
Before you try to put smarts into your
drone, you need to get your drone off the
ground. When you
select your mix of
motor and propeller,
you need to make
sure that there is
enough thrust to
comfortably pick up
the entire drone.
As an example,
a motor and propeller combination
that delivers 500
grams of thrust in a
quadcopter configuration would be
able to barely lift a
two-kilogram drone.
This is not an ideal
38
tech focus
What is a V-tail?
Batteries used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now almost exclusively lithiumpolymer. Lead-acid is simply not an option and nickel-metal hydride/nickel-cadmium
batteries are still too heavy for their capacity and often cannot provide the high discharge
rates needed in drones. Lithium-polymer offers high capacity with low weight, and high
discharge rates. Its downsides are comparatively higher costs and continued safety issues.
Lithium-ion batteries have higher discharge rates than lithium-polymer ones, but these
cannot provide the high discharge rates needed in UAVs.
Lithium-polymer batteries used in drones are rated for 20C or more, where C is the
capacity of the battery pack. The batterys voltage should correspond with the motors
we choose in our drone. Typically, a 3-cell lithium-polymer pack is used, whose nominal
voltage is (33.7) = 11.1V, with capacity depending on the size of the UAV.
Small battery packs can be of 0.1Ah (100mAh), though battery packs for mediumsize drones are in the range 2Ah-3Ah (2000mAh-3000mAh). A 10C discharge rating for a
drone battery pack of 2Ah means that the pack can be safely discharged at 102=20A
current. The higher the capacity, the longer the flight time, or the heavier the pack can be.
Average flight time for a UAV is 15 to 20 minutes since it is always fighting against
gravity. A challenge while charging a lithium-polymer battery pack is that it should not be
overcharged nor should it be discharged below 3V per cell. Proper chargers for lithiumpolymer ensure all cells in series are balanced else the pack can become unstable and
dangerous. Depending on how these are used, most lithium-polymer batteries typically do
not last longer than 300 charge cycles. Leaving these around on a full or depleted charge
all the time, running these completely dead or exposing these to high temperatures will
shorten their lifespan dramatically.
Vikas Kumar Thawani, analog applications engineer, Texas Instruments India, and
Naveen Bevara, analog applications engineer, Texas Instruments India
tech focus
sonar and high-accuracy pressure
sensors for better flight.
Drones meant for use by researchers take things a step ahead
when it comes to flight systems.
AscTec Firefly is designed with that
application in mind and therefore comes with advanced sensor
components and two ARM7 microprocessors. A low-level processor
functions as the data controller
and processes all sensor data and
sensor-data fusion, while a highlevel processor controls the flight
system as per the control algorithms
given to it. The inertial guidance
system drives this drones autopilot
with a 1000Hz update rate.
Hobbypower KK2.15 is an
update of the popular HobbyKing
KK2.0 flight controller board used
by many beginner quadcopter builders. It houses InvenSense MPU-6050
MEMS motion-tracking device designed for low-power use cases.
MPU-6050 combines a 3-axis
gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer with an onboard digital-motion
processor to process 6-axis MotionFusion algorithms. The device can
access external magnetometers or
other sensors through an inter-integrated circuit bus, allowing it access
to sensor data without intervention
from the system processor.
Can I communicate. Botlink
XRD (extended range and data) is
an enclosed device that allows you
to control your drone through the
mobile network instead of using
traditional radio or Wi-Fi. This technology allows beyond line-of-sight
communication, data transfer and
control through your mobile device
using mobile telemetry technology
that runs on 4G long term evolution
(LTE) connections. It also allows serious mission planning by overlaying
data of other manned and unmanned
aircraft in the area, as well as marking any military or restricted airspace
clearly. It also alerts you of adverse
weather conditions.
These are especially useful since
42
InnovatIon
DIABETO: A 360-DEgrEE
Diabetes-Management Solution
Priya Ravindran
is a technical
journalist
at EFY
A simple-outside,
complex-inside
design
It is important to have
a device that gives the
user not just an accurate experience but
a happy one, too. With
this in mind, the team
44
How it works
On establishing a connection, the readings,
time and date stamp from the glucometer
are transferred to the app, while at the
same time also getting stored in the cloud
server, saving the trouble of entering the
readings manually. The app then asks for
details about meals (you could even upload
a picture of the meal), wellness factors, insulin units taken and comments, which you
can manually input. This additional data
gets stored along with the readings and you
can add details to past readings as well.
The next task is analysis. You can do
this using a smartphone app or Web app.
The app analyses all data stored and gives
an insight into how your health is and
what you need to do next. You can track
your mood and food, measure physical
activity, count calories from carbohyWWW.EFYMAG.COM
InnovatIon
A BIRDS EYE VIEW
AT THIS BIRDIE
Specifications
Description
Power supply
Dimension
61.39 mm x 67.25 mm
Weight
About 14 grams
Communication
protocol
Bluetooth 4.0
Range
100 metres
19.31mA
The team at Diabeto (L to R): Jayesh Dhanwade, Vishal Chavan, Sheldon Lobo, Shreekant Pawar
and Hemanshu Jain
telecom
5G:
W
Dr S.S. Verma
is a professor
at Department
of Physics, Sant
Longowal Institute
of Engineering and
Technology, Sangrur,
Punjab
48
The Next-Generation
Network
telecom
technologies such as 2.5G, 2.75G,
3G and 4G; however, 2G networks
are still used in many parts of
the world.
3G, short for third generation,
is the third generation of mobile
telecommunications technology. The
first 3G networks were introduced
in 1998. This technology is based on
a set of standards used for mobile
devices, and mobile telecommunications use services and networks
that comply with International
Mobile Telecommunications-2000
(IMT-2000) standard specifications
by International Telecommunication
Union. 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet
access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.
3G telecommunication networks
support services that provide an
information transfer at the rate of
at least 200kbps. Later 3G releases,
often denoted as 3.5G and 3.75G,
provide mobile broadband access of
several Mbps to smartphones and
mobile modems in laptop computers. This ensures it can be applied
to wireless voice telephony, mobile
Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile
TV technologies.
Fourth generation, or 4G, the
next generation of mobile telecommunications technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G, was
introduced in 2008. A 4G system,
in addition to the usual voice and
other services of 3G, provides mobile broadband Internet access, for
example, to laptops with wireless
modems, smartphones and other
mobile devices.
Potential and current applications include amended mobile Web
access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video
conferencing, 3D television and
cloud computing. Two 4G candidate
systems that have been commercially deployed are mobile WiMAX
standard and the first-release Long
Term Evolution (LTE) standard.
50
SOME SUGGESTED
TYPICAL WIRELESS
PARAMETERS
FOR 5G STANDARD
Parameter
Suggested
performance
Network capacity
10Gbps
100Mbps
Latency
<1ms
51
53
telecom
Millimetre-wave technologies.
Using frequencies much higher in
the frequency spectrum opens up
more spectrums and also provides
the possibility of having much
wide-channel bandwidth of possibly
1GHz-2GHz. However, this poses
new challenges for handset development where maximum frequencies
of around 2GHz and bandwidths of
10MHz-20MHz are currently in use.
For 5G, frequencies of above
50GHz are being considered. This
will present some real challenges in
terms of circuit design, technology
and also the way the system is used,
as these frequencies do not travel as
far and are absorbed almost completely by obstacles.
Future PHY/MAC. This area
presents many possibilities, from
the use of new modulation formats
including generalised frequency
division multiplexing (GFDM) as
well as filter bank multi-carrier
(FBMC), universal filtered multi-
54
Requirements of 5G network
From a network perspective, 5G
requires tight and seamless interworking among existing and future
standards. Rising demand for mobile
traffic will enforce new ways of
enhancing capacity, such as dense
deployment of small cells, as well
as intelligent traffic steering and offload schemes.
Ever-growing energy consumption in wireless networks imposes
new mechanisms of energy control
and reduction. Finally, there is
a need for autonomous network
management because of network
complexity and heterogeneity.
Devices are becoming more powerful and more numerous. Beyond
devices like smartphones, tablets or
game consoles, the future wireless
landscape will have to serve cars,
smart grid terminals, health-moni-
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
Conclusion
Despite never being able to successfully predict what each forthcoming
generation of mobile technology
would deliver in order to satisfy
future users, the industry has, nonetheless, reached some consensus on
the use cases for 5G. M2M communication is one. 5G should enable the
IoT, the future where all our onlineWWW.EFYMAG.COM
55
A
Abhimanyu
Rathore is a
content
specialist at EFY
Points to note
While digital oscilloscopes are dominating the
market now, analogue oscilloscopes still play
an important role for real-time signals and
waveform displays.
Requirement for mixed-signal oscilloscopes
began in early 2000s, but nowadays
engineers need a mixed-domain oscilloscope
to carry out frequency and time-domain
analysis simultaneously.
Phone and wristwatch based oscilloscope
have emerged as good alternatives in certain
applications.
Movement from knobs to touchscreens has
happened, but model acceptance depends on
users taste for experience.
56
Product/Series
Keysight Technologies
Description
Model Nos.
Bandwidth
14 (seven DSO
models and seven
MSO models)
500MHz to
8GHz
20GSa/s
(2 channels);
10GSa/s
(4 channels)
100Mpts
(2 channels);
50Mpts
(4 channels)
Keysight Technologies
8GHz to
33GHz
80GSa/s 2Gpts
50Mpts - 2Gpts
LabNation
Smartscope
30MHz
-3dB point
2100 MS/s -
OWON
XDS series
n-in-1 DSO
100MHz to
200MHz
1GS/s 2GS/s
40Mpts
HMO1202
mixed-signal
oscilloscopes
Three (HMO1212,
HMO1222,
HMO1232)
100MHz/
200MHz/
300MHz
Up to
2GS/s
SIGLENT Technologies
Eight (SDS2304X,
SDS2302X, SDS2204X, SDS2202X,
SDS2104X, SDS2102X, SDS2074X,
SDS2072X)
70MHz to
300MHz
Maximum
2GSa/s
140Mpts
Teledyne LeCroy
LabMaster
10-100Zi
100GHz
oscilloscope
Eight (available in
20GHz, 25GHz,
30GHz, 36GHz,
50GHz, 59GHz,
65GHz, 100GHz
models)
20GHz to
100GHz
240GS/s
20Mpts 1024Mpts
Teledyne LeCroy
WaveMaster 8
Zi-A
Eight
Up to 30GHz bandwidth and
80GS/s sample rate; 14.1Gb/s serial
trigger; integrated 50 and 1M inputs
for true connection and
probing flexibility
4GHz to
30GHz
80GS/s
32Mpts 512Mpts
Better add-ons
Keysight launched a new probe using which engineers are able to perform power-integrity measurements.
Srivastava explains that, Earlier
we did not have a dedicated probe,
so you had to use Ethernet cables
to connect directly. The new probe
has a high bandwidth of 2GHz and
a low attenuation ratio of 1:1, which
has a reduced effect on the signal. It
only adds ten per cent to the baseline noise of the oscilloscope that it
is attached to.
National Instruments has also
brought out new probes that can
handle up to 300 volts without the
scope needing an inbuilt attenuator.
In the last 18 months, Infinium
firmware has also been completely
revamped. It now delivers a new
look and allows users to customise
displays, thus letting them create
multiple displays, eight waveforms,
tabs and a custom layout. It now
also includes the ability to launch
an eye diagram with one click on a
waveform (you previously had to
configure it).
Form factors
Form factors for devices like the
S-series from Keysight have mostly
remained the same despite the subWWW.EFYMAG.COM
UI updates
Chivukula says that the current
trend is to delink the user interface
(UI) from the device. This way, any
good that happens to the computer
also gets transferred to the equipment in use. If your computer
Akash Srivastava
application engineer,
Keysight
Technologies
Education focus
62
Raviteja
Chivukula
technical marketing
engineer, National
Instruments
Shayan Ushani
editor, Analog
Arts Inc.
buyers guide
T
Biswajit Das is
manager-R&D,
EFY Labs
Parameters to be considered
Although many key power supply parameters will vary depending on each application, following parameters are critical in
all cases:
Accuracy. It determines how close the
regulated parameter is to its theoretical
value. Output uncertainty is largely due to
error terms in case of a digital-to-analogue
converter (DAC). Setting accuracy is
tested by measuring the regulated variable
with a traceable, precision measurement
system connected to the power supplys
output. It is given as (% of setting +
offset).
Resolution. It is the smallest change
in voltage or current settings that can be
selected on the power supply. The resolution specification limits the number of
settable discrete levels. A DAC with more
bits produces finer resolution. But, with
corrections for offset and gain errors,
resolution will be less than the number of
bits in the DAC. Setting resolution may be
expressed as an absolute unit value or as
a percentage of full scale.
Readback accuracy. It determines
how close the internally-measured values
are to the theoretical value of the out-
64
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
buyers guide
put voltage (after setting accuracy
is applied).
Readback resolution. It is the
smallest change in internally-measured output voltage or current that
is discernible by the power supply.
It is usually expressed as an absolute value, but can also be given as
a percentage of full scale.
Stability. A power supplys
performance inevitably changes due
to aging. Maintaining long-term stability demands regular verification
and calibration.
Temperature stability. Power
supply accuracy is usually specified over a temperature range, often
between 20C and 30C.
Load regulation. It is a measure
of the ability of the output voltage
or output current to remain constant
during changes in the load. This familiar format is easy to understand
and verifiable through testing. It is
given as (% of setting + offset).
Line regulation. It is a measure
of the ability of the power supply to
maintain its output voltage or output current while its AC line input
voltage and frequency vary over the
full allowable range. This offers a
worst-case picture, which is given as
(% of setting+ offset).
Direct-current power supplies do
not actually produce perfect DC outputs. Output AC noise and transient
response change both load and settings. Some of the AC characteristics
are described below.
Ripple and noise. Spurious AC
components on the output of a DC
supply are also often referred to
as periodic and random deviation
(PARD).The term ripple refers to
periodic AC on the output. When
viewed in frequency domain, ripple
shows up as spurious responses.
Unlike ripple, noise is random.
Noise covers a broad spectrum, and
when viewed in frequency domain,
manifests itself as an increase in
the baseline.
Transient response. It is tested
by applying significant step changes
66
to load impedance and power supply settings, and measuring the time
to settle to a stable DC value.
Number of outputs
required
Make/brand
Product
Description
In many cases, a single output will be sufficient; howev- AIM-TTI Instruments Power supply, 3CH, 2x (0 to 35V/0 to 3A
or 0 to 15V/0 to 5A)
35V, 5A, adjustable
er, multi-output supplies can
plus 2.7/3.3/5.0 @ 1A
(QL355TP)
sometimes deliver several
important advantages.
Triple-output power supplies typically contain two
0-30V, 0-3A
ARKSEN
Precision variable
higher-voltage outputs for
adjustable dual-mode DC power supply
(A-003-PT-30145)
analogue circuits (to power
multi-voltage circuits or to
create bipolar power supplies
for testing bipolar analogue
Channel1 0V to 30V, 3A
B&K Precision
Benchtop power
DIY bench power
circuits) and a third output
supplies 0-30V/0-3A Channel2 0V to 30V, 3A
supply
intended to power a digital
0-5V/0-3A program- Channel3 0V to 5V, 3A
mable triple (9130)
circuit. For greatest flexibilA good power supply is
ity, make sure that all three
very useful when workB&K Precision
Benchtop power sup- Channel1 0V to 60V, 3A
outputs are programmable.
ing with electronics, but
plies triple-output DC Channel2 0V to 60V, 3A
If the DUT requires indiit can be costly. Any ATX
power supply 60V/3A Channel3 0V to 5V, 3A
vidual isolated power supply
(Advanced Technology
(9132B)
sections, a decision must
eXtended) power supply
Channel1 0V to 30V, 1.5A
Keithley Instruments
Benchtop
be made to either configure
can be plugged into the
Channel2 0V to 30V, 1.5A
Inc.
triple-channel DC
multiple isolated supplies or
adaptor and can output
Channel3 0V to 6V, 5A
programmable
buy a multi-output supply.
3.3V, 5V, 12V and -12V.
power supply w/GPIB
The catch is that multi-out(ATX is a motherboard
(2230G-30-1)
put supplies can either have
developed by Intel in 1995
MASTECH
Variable triple-output, Dual adjustable outputs:
isolated outputs or output
to improve on previous de
0-30V and 0-5A
0-30V; 5A, LED
channels tied to a common
facto standards.) It can be
Fixed output: 5V and 3A
display
point on their low side.
converted into a variable
(HY3005F-3)
When outputs are connected
bench power supply. You
to the same common point,
can add female headers
these are not suitable to
and banana jack (for appower circuits that are isolated from
pliances
that
draw more current) as
computer interfaces over the years
each other.
output, or even a USB port.
with instrumentation. Two of the
For applications that require
For powering some DC motors,
most popular have been IEEE-488,
powering circuits up and down in
you can add variable output with an
also known as general-purpose ina specific sequence, a multi-output
LM317, controlled by a potmeter. Alterface bus (GPIB), and RS232 serial
supply with independently controlthough an ATX power supply should
communications. Network interfaces
lable outputs is usually better than a
have a short-circuit protection built
(for example, Ethernet) and USB
set of individual supplies.
in, you can add output fuses as a
interfaces have also been used.
For applications that require
safety measure. Make a case with
One question to consider is:
sourcing of more voltage or current
plexiglass as it is nice to see the
Would a digital I/O interface make
beyond a single outputs capability,
cable management inside.
it easier to generate fault status
some multi-output power supplies
In the same way you can comoutputs or control an external relay
allow outputs to be combined in
bine LTC3780, which is a powerful
or status lamp?
series or in parallel. Non-isolated
130W step-up/step-down converter,
Placement of output
multi-output power supplies cannot
with a 12V 5A power supply to creconnectors
parallel the two outputs. To ensure
ate an adjustable lab bench power
flexibility, look for a multi-output
Front-panel connections simplify fre- supply in the range of 0.8V-29.4V
power supply with isolated outputs.
and 0.3A-5A approximately.
quent access and are more common
You may add any standard make
with bench power supplies. RearInterfaces needed
microcontroller and LCD to make it
panel connectors are generally conlook like a modern power supply.
sidered superior for rack based autoThere have been numerous types of
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
67
buyers guide
The future
Design and validation engineers
need to power their DUTs safely
and easily during manual tests or
automated sequences. They are frequently under pressure to perform
tests quickly, and their test benches
are often crowded.
Our customers told us they
want a Keysight-quality bench
power supply with modern I/O,
a compact footprint and excellent
bench usability, says Kari Fauber,
general manager, Keysights Power
and Energy Division. We built the
E36100 series to meet the needs of
R&D and design validation engineers who face increasing pressures
to produce high-quality designs
quickly and who want to power
their devices with confidence,
he adds.
The E36100 series adds five
new models with up to 100V or 5A
output to Keysights extensive portfolio of bench power supplies. Its
compact form factor (2U, -rack)
saves space on the bench or in the
rack, and standard LAN (LXI Core)
and USB interfaces make it easy
to connect the power supplies to
a computer. An intuitive onscreen
menu system makes it easy for
engineers to perform manual tasks
quickly, and over-voltage and overcurrent detection helps them protect
their DUTs.
E36100 series models come
standard with measurement capabil-
68
ity for very small currents, a highcontrast OLED display that makes
it easy to view the screen from
anywhere, even from
sharp angles, support
for BenchVue software,
IVI drivers and SCPI
commands, threeyear warranty and
Keysights worldwide
support.
PeakTechs newlydeveloped, linearregulated dual-channel
laboratory power supply (2 x 0-30V/0-5A
DC/5V/1A fixed) with
a modern design and
IntervIew
Certifications:
With connected devices being all the rage, it is more important than ever
to ensure that the devices follow regulations and are certified. This ensures
that these devices, as TUV Rheinland puts it, do not disturb and do not get
disturbed. Kalyan Varma, vice president - Business Stream Products at TUV
Rheinland - TUV Rheinland (India) Pvt Ltd, speaks with Dilin Anand from EFY
IntervIew
Microcontrollers:
Manufacture
Part 2 of 2
Wearable Devices:
Essential Inputs for Design Engineers
I
S.A. Srinivasa
Moorthy is CEO,
Andhra Pradesh
Electronics and
IT Agency
Setting devices
before workout
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
73
Manufacture
there are corner cases where products
fail despite being used correctly.
Let us take the case of a wearable
that has a magnetic-field-sensitive
sensor. In the normal usage, it does
not get impacted, but if a user wearing the device goes near an equipment that has a high magnetic field
(like a big transformer), the wearable can fail due to the sensor being
impacted by the external field. A
disclaimer cannot adequately describe this situation, and the user
may not be able to avoid going near
the system. In these cases, product
shielding needs to be designed so that
no external magnetic field can impact
the wearable device.
Second issue is the biocompatibility of the material used. Since the
wearable device will be in contact
with users skin for extended periods,
materials used should be safe and not
cause any skin problems. This poses
challenges in terms of costs and
processes. Biocompatible materials
are sometimes expensive and also
need special processes to manufacture. Designers need to factor this in
the design phase itself. This problem
is acute when the product enclosure
is metallic.
In addition, if devices have probes
that are metallic and need to touch
the skin, these invariably need special
gels to ensure good contact, and the
materials also need to be safe for use.
One of the frequently faced problems is water ingress inside the wearable devices. In many cases, initially,
the product remains waterproof but
sometimes seals that were used for
prevention of water ingress wear out
over a period of time, in turn, losing
the ability to prevent the water from
entering. Designers need to factor this
as well and ensure that proper material is selected.
Designers can define the product
usage period (useful life) so it can be
discarded once the prescribed time
is over. This works well when the
product cost is low, but if the product
is expensive, a proper mechanism of
74
Development process
While lack of a process may be fine
when the product volumes are small,
as volumes increase it is risky not to
have a process in place, especially in
the case of wearable devices. Since
most wearable devices interact with
humans, and humans use these in
their daily regimen, having design
decisions documented by following
a process will help avoid any future
litigation. Let us see an example.
You have designed a wearable
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
75
efy
dvd
Finite Element Method Magnetics. This application is a Windows finite element solver for 2D
and asymmetric magnetic, electrostatic, heat-flow and current-flow problems with graphical
pre- and post-processors.
DispcalGUI. DispcalGUI is a GUI for display calibration and profiling tools of Argyll CMS,
an open source colour-management system. This software allows the user to calibrate and
characterise display devices using one of the many supported measurement instruments along
with support for multi-display setups and a variety of available settings like customisable white
point, luminance and tone-response curve. There is also an option to create accurate lookup-table ICC profiles including some proprietary 3D LUT formats. The platform also allows
checking the accuracy of profiles and 3D LUTs via measurements.
Apache OpenOffice. It is an open source office productivity software suite. It contains a word
processor (Writer), spreadsheet (Calc), presentation application (Impress), drawing application
(Draw), formula editor (Math) and database-management application (Base).
Version 4.1.2 contains major bug fixes as follows:
Bug fixes in Writer, Calc, Impress/Draw and Base
Better WebDAV and file-locking support; OpenOffice now able to properly interact with
Microsoft Sharepoint
Redesign of PDF export dialogue for better usability on small laptop screens
Updates of underlying libraries has increased security and performance
Security vulnerability fixes applied in this version
Weka
Weka is a collection of machinelearning algorithms for solving
real-world data-mining problems.
It is written in Java and runs on
almost any platform. Algorithms can
be called using Java codes or can be
applied directly to a dataset.
openSCADA
openSCADA is the companion project to Eclipse SCADA. It is platformindependent and based on a modern
system design that provides security
and flexibility. It provides develop76
TANGO
TANGO is an open source toolkit for
building high-performance and highquality distributed control systems
for small and large installations.
The toolkit design is based on the
concept of distributed devices or objects and provides native support for
multiple programming languages. It
implements a full set of tools for developing, managing and monitoring
small and large control systems.
Tizen SDK
LibreCAD
efy
dvd
Signal ProceSSing
With Sonic Visualiser
PRIYA RAVINDRAN
Fig. 1: An audio signal and its spectrum on a Russian version of the software
efy
dvd
A mini iPod
for signal processing
Processing a signal requires revisiting segments repeatedly, making
changes to portions and studying results closely. Sonic Visualiser comes
to our aid by offering a hassle-free
BAZAAR
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
Section Highlights
III
3
efy
dvd
R: A DAtA-AnAlysis And
stAtisticAl-computing Tool
JAI SACHITH PAUL
is a statistical-computing
environment that consists
of a language along with a
run-time environment with graphics, a debugger, access to certain
system functions and the ability to
run programs stored in script files.
Implementation of R is heavily
influenced by two programming
languages: S and Scheme. R has
inherited strong object-oriented
features from S language. The
underlying implementation and semantics of the software is inspired
from Scheme.
R provides a wide range of
statistical techniques such as linear
and non-linear modelling, classical
statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification clustering and
more. Communication engineers
make use of R for various signalprocessing techniques such as filter
design and processing of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.
The software was initially
created by Ross Ihaka and Robert
Gentleman at University of Auckland, New Zealand, in 1993, and
is currently being developed by R
Development Core Team. The latest
stable release of R version 3.2.3 is
bundled in DVD accompanying this
months EFY Plus.
How a communication
engineer can make use of R
As discussed earlier, R is designed
to be a generic tool and not an
electronic design automation tool.
ELECTRONICS FOR YOU PLUS | FEBRUARY 2016
efy
dvd
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
efy
dvd
Let Us Learn
how to Program 8085
JAI SACHITH PAUL
tudy of microprocessors is an
integral part of the engineering programme, when we are
taking up a course on electronics
or any related discipline. And 8085
is probably the first microprocessor that we get in touch with as a
part of the curriculum. Students are
usually just given some basic handson training using standard boards
with a keypad.
Whenever we are dealing with
hardware, there is always a chance
for it to fail. Moreover, there are
some practical concerns while learning microprocessors using boards.
If you would like to simultaneously
determine the status of all the registers at a time, or analyse the working in varying speed of simulations,
a trainer kit may have limitations.
For electronics enthusiasts
willing to learn programming of
microprocessors, but limited by the
availability of trainer kits, there are
a handful of simulators available
online as open source. In this article, let us have a look at one such
8085 simulator.
Software at a glance
Name
Licence
Pre-requisites
VII
7
efy
Disassembler editor. In most
cases, the user is allowed to
reverse-trace the original program
successfully from the original code
using this editor. The editor supports loading of hexadecimal file
format that is specific to Intel.
Assembler workspace. The
workspace contains Address field,
Label, Mnemonics, Hex-code,
Mnemonic size, M-cycles and Tstates. While it supports the statictiming diagram for all instructions, dynamic-timing diagram for
step-by-step simulations are also
supported. It also provides error
checking facility.
Memory and I/O editors.
The memory editor allows users
to choose memory range and to
modify data in a particular memory
location. Users can either view the
entire memory content or the one
in the loaded memory location.
They can store data directly into a
specified memory location.
The I/O editor required for
peripheral interfacing enables users
to edit the content directly.
Interrupt editor. An interrupt is
a mechanism by which an instruction suspends normal execution
of the program and gets itself
serviced. A non-maskable interrupt cannot be ignored by standard
interrupt-masking techniques in
the system, while a maskable interrupt can be disabled by writing
some instruction. The simulator
supports a non-maskable interrupt
in 8085 (TRAP), maskable vectored
interrupts (RST 7.5, RST 6.5 and
RST 5.5) and an externally-serviced
dvd
Printing contents
The software allows the user to print contents of the assembler and the workspace. The
equivalent binary value corresponding to the values of each register in the register bank can
be printed. Values present in accumulator, registers B, C, D, E, H and L and memory (M)
can all be retrieved.
Users can also access contents in Flag Register, Stack Pointer (SP), Memory
Pointer (HL), Program Status Word (PSW), Program Counter (PC), Clock Cycle Counter,
Instruction Counter and special blocks for monitoring Flag Register and usage of SIM and
RIM instructions.
interrupt (INTR).
The interrupt editor allows
triggering of these interrupts by
pressing appropriate columns in the
interrupt table.
Debugger. The debugger allows
users to have a step-by-step debugging of programs by traversing a
program both forwards and backwards. They can put break points
and continue the program from
breakpoints.
Simulator. The simulator allows
three levels of simulations. Users
can have a step-by-step execution
where they can halt between lines
and simulate the code step by step.
In the normal speed of execution,
full execution takes place reflecting
the intermittent states periodically.
The ultimate execution reflects final
state directly.
Supporting features
Crash recovery. Even if there is a
sudden shutdown or crash of the application, the user can easily recover
the program in this simulator.
Helper. Even if the user has very
limited knowledge about user code,
Code Wizard tool helps in programming 8085. The software is preloaded with a lot of sample programs
Enhanced laboratory
experience
The software is designed mainly for
users who do not have sufficient
hardware to learn microprocessor programming. It uses the same
simulation engine at the back end
and the user gets the same lab experience while coding in the simulator.
Moreover, there are a lot of inbuilt
sample programs to aid self-learning. If you are new to microprocessor programming and really interested in coding, give it a try.
The author is assistant professor, department of
ECE at SETCEM, Thrissur
OpenSourceForU.com
Follow us on Twitter@LinuxForYou
VIII
8
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EVENT
The New-Age
elecTroNics show
One thing that set India Electronics Week (IEW) 2016 apart was the fact that a large fraction
of its visitors were not regulars. For many, this was the first event that got them out of their
offices. And going by their initial feedback, most were happy with their decision.
FACT SHEET
Show dates: January 11-13, 2016
ix co-located shows, 16 conferences, 180-plus exhibitors, 10,000plus visitors a few figures to give you an idea about IEW 2016.
The more interesting figures are 200-plus speakers, 3000-plus
conference delegates, 30-plus per cent of visitors who travelled from
outside Karnataka and, last but not the least, 35 per cent-plus who
visited an electronics expo for the first time!
With such great response, it was natural for Electronics For You
team to not shift from Bengaluru as the city of choice for next years
show, too. IEW 2017 is now all set to be held March 2-4, 2017 at
BIEC, Bengaluru.
Through this brief report we attempt to share key highlights of
what transpired at this years IEW, with the hope that it will motivate
you to experience the show first hand next year, rather than read
about it here. Read on...
78
imAges sAy iT
BeTTer ThAN words
R.V. Deshpand
industries, go e, honble minister, largevernment of Ka
an
rnataka, inau d medium-scale
gurating IEW
2016
Inaugural session
at LED Lighting
Summit
ion
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for
tart System d
a Keyless S
(L) an
How to Build p by Deepak Gupta79
ho
Foundry
a Car works , co-founders, Fresher
ai
Aneesha Pill
EVENT
Put together with the help of ELCINA, the summit discourse was
based on the theme Invest in India The Multi-Billion-Dollar
ESDM Opportunity. It was graced by the presence of R.V. Deshpande, honble minister of large- and medium-scale industries,
government of Karnataka as chief guest, along with K. Ratnaprabha, additional chief secretary to government of Karnataka,
Commerce and Industry Department, and Arun Sachdeva, senior
director, DeitY, government of India, as guests of honour.
Senior-level speakers across the electronics industry such
as Vikram Desai, president - ELCINA and MD, Desai Electronics, Vinod Sharma, MD, Deki Electronics Ltd, N. Ramachandran, MD, MEL Systems and Services, Sreeram Srinivasan,
CEO, Syrma Technology, Prabhu P.M., MD, Bosch Automotive Electronics, Pankaj Gulati, VP - ELCINA and COO, CDIL,
K.P. Sharma, India head - GSC, Schneider Electric and others
discussed ways to boost investment in electronics manufacturing in India.
The summit also covered the need for investment and opportunities in the electronics industry for design and innovation.
Richard Puthota, director, Cookson India, Vinay Shenoy, MD, Infineon Technologies, Anilkumar Muniswamy, MD, SLN Technologies, S.A. Srinivasa Moorthy, CEO, Andhra Pradesh Electronics, Dr
Kumar Sivarajan, CTO, Tejas Networks, and Rajeev Ramachandra,
CTO, Mistral Solution, presented their views on the same.
Role of infrastructure and low-cost finance to create the appropriate investment climate for the electronics industry in India
was another interesting topic that was covered. T. Vasu, advisor
- Tandon Group, and Subhash Goyal, MD, Digital Group and expresident, ELCINA, discussed the importance of infrastructure
and low-cost finance, while S. Thiruvadi, MD, CanBank Venture,
and Anadi Charan Sahu, GM, SIDBI, shared valuable information on the availability of the same.
With strong emphasis on energy-efficient lighting technology, the summit was co-organised by ELCOMA, the apex body
of lighting manufacturers in India, and EFY. The conference
brought together around 160 participants representing the
entire cross-section and stake-holders in LED lighting, top LED
lighting and component manufacturers, government end-users
(leading municipalities), bulk buyers, regulatory and standardisation authorities, consultants, lighting architects, testing and
certification bodies and so on.
Experts from the LED industry and government bodies discussed various business and technology trends. Shyam Sujan,
secretary general, ELCOMA, Arun Sachdeva, senior director, DeitY, Shekhar Bajaj, CMD, Bajaj Electricals, and Ramesh Chopra,
executive chairman , EFY Group, discussed the future of the
LED industry.
Other interesting sessions included:
LVDC: The Future of Electricity by Vimal Mahendru,
president, Legrand, India
LED, The Good and Not-So-Good Stories by Sudeshna
Mukhopadhyay, senior director, Centre for competence,
lighting applications and head of Philips Lighting Academy,
Philips Lighting, South Asia
LED: A journey from Lumen to Digital Lumen by S.
Chakrabarty, VP, Luminaires BU, Bajaj Electrical Ltd
LED Street Lights with Controls by Uma Lanka, DGM, design
and business development, Crompton & Greaves
Indian Standards on Lighting and Its Mandatory
Implementation by Debdas Goswami, scientist-F and headBureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
LED Market Trends and New Component Technology for the
Future by Ita Lin, CEO, MLS India
Government Procurement Programme for LED Streetlighting
and DELP Programme for LED Lamps by Rajneesh Rana,
DGM, Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL)
LED Indian Standards and Its Compliance by Puneet Randeo,
business development head, UL India
LED Photobiological Issues by K. Vijay Kumar Gupta, MD,
Kwality Photonics Pvt Ltd
IET Conference
The IET hosted the first-of-its-kind conference in India that
focused on ways to help start-ups and business enterprises to
monetise the Internet of Things (IoT). Titled Simplifying the
Puzzle: Generating Money in Internet of Things, the event
showcased success stories from industry experts who have
exploited the monetary potential of the IoT. Futuristic trends,
potential challenges and guidelines to implement IoT programmes were discussed in detail during the conference.
The conference also had two panel discussions on The
IoT as a Thrust to Revenue Generation and The IoT for Cost
Optimisation to Margin Improvement featuring panellists from
companies like Aeris, Bosch, Credit Suisse, Cisco, Intel, Nokia,
Qualcomm, Samsung and Vodafone.
80
Get Funded
For good ideas and true innovation, you need human interaction,
conflict, argument and debate. This high-spirited slogan marked
the outcome of Get Funded 2016 event. This get-together of innovators and investors marked the perfect platform for start-ups
to find their calling and investors their prize. The over-crowded
boardroom provided enough proof, and the event was tagged as
one of the most interesting and creative ones in its segment.
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
EXHIBITORS VIEWS
The event jointly organised by FHS Idealabs and EFY had
an interesting line-up of companies, tech-gurus and electronics
enthusiasts with path-breaking ideas in their minds.
Buyer-Seller Meet
The meet provided a unique platform for exhibitors to meet 16
large buyers of electronics products, services components and
manufacturing equipment, LED lighting and components, and
IoT hardware, among others. This year more than 100 meetings
took place between buyers and sellers across three days.
BUYERS VIEWS
I have been participating as a VIP buyer since 2012.
During my visits I met many potential vendors.Shanaka
Perera, purchasing manager, Variosystems (Sri Lanka)
Well organised! Online appointments were very useful to
plan meetings. I met close to 20 sellers in two days
time.Nandha Gopala Krishnan R., assistant manager
- global sourcing management Asia, Stanley Black and
Decker Inc.
Excellent initiative! Enables buyers to focus better on
Good arrangement and hospitality! Wellorganised show! I feel non-exhibitors should also be
invited to participate.S. Ramachandran, DGM operations, Syrma Technology
81
EVENT
82
Makers in India
Put together by Makers Asylum, the sessions revolved around
converting an innovative idea into a product, one that sells
in the market. With talks and demos revolving around this
theme, this track was, as the title says, for all makers in India.
Well, it does not stop there.
T&M Showcase
Test and measurement (T&M) plays a critical role in the
electronics industry. Equipped with an amazing line-up of
presentations and equipment, presenters from various companies explained components and upgrades being applied in the
industry. Overall, sessions enriched the audience and the Q/A
sessions turned out to be quite interactive and informative.
Experts Views
SMTA Conference
Surface Mount Technology Association (SMTA) India chapter
hosted a technical conference where evolving technologies in
the electronics assembly industry were discussed. The track
included sessions like:
Recent Technology Advances for Better X-Ray Images by
Keith Bryant, chairman, SMART Group
Use of Complex Alloys to Achieve High-Reliability LeadFree Solder Joints by M.P. Rajaram, regional sales manager AE, India, Henkel Adhesive Technologies
Importance of Worst-Case Analysis for Electronic Systems
to Enhance Product Survival Probability and Robustness
by Pankaj Bansod, technical lead - reliability, Honeywell
Technology Solutions Lab, India
Electrostatic Discharge Protection for SMT Production by
Ankan Mitra, VP, SMTA India chapter
Get
Ready
For
2017!
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
EVENTS AT A GLANCE
1. CEO Summit (January 11)
2. IPC Workshop (January 11)
3. T&M Showcase (January 11)
4. Defence Electronics Tech Conference (January 11)
5. Vendor Development Workshop (January 11)
6. LED Lighting Summit (January 12)
7. LED Tech Conference (January 12)
8. Get Funded (January 12)
9. IoT: Smart Human (January 12)
10. IoT: Smart Industry & Office (January 12)
11. IoT: Smart Auto (January 13)
12. IoT: Smart Home & Office (January 13)
13. IoTBLR Meetup (January 13)
14. IETs IoT Conference (January 13)
15. Makers in India (January 13)
16. SMTA Workshop (January 13)
17. Buyer Seller Meet (January 11-13)
18. Workshops (January 12-13)
The Workshops
To add to the knowledge-enhancing experience, the workshops
delivered niche skills, with presenters guiding from experience.
There were sessions on building your first open source smart
agriculture project, two on dealing with commercial off-theshelf components, two on working with the IoT and others
focusing on hard-core designing.
bIggEr EvEnt nExt yEar, clearing away the glitches and putting up
Look forWard to sEEIng you at IEW 2017,
which will be held at the same venue on March 2-4, 2017.
a better show.
83
Industry NEWS
MAKE IN INDIA
On the Move
Appointments at Wipro
Wipro Ltd has announced the
appointment of T.K. Kurien as
executive vice chairman and Abidali
Z. Neemuchwala as chief executive
officer and member of the board of
the company. Both appointments
are effective from February 1, 2016.
Topics
ELECRAMA 2016
February 13-17, 2016
BIEC, Bengaluru
ELECRAMA 2016
Email: anil.nagrani@ieema.org
Connect EXPO
April 19-20, 2016
Melbourne, Australia
Connect EXPO
Website: www.connectexpo.com.au
CE China
Website: www.b2b.ifa-berlin.com/en/
Exhibitors/ApplicationCEChina2016
IDTechEx
Website: www.idtechex.com
CES Asia
Website: www.CESAsia.com
CommunicAsia2016
May 31-June 3, 2016
Marina Bay Sands, Singapore
CommunicAsia2016
Website: www.communicasia.com
CWST-Expo2015
June 9-11, 2016
Bombay Exhibition Centre,
Mumbai
Brandscope Exhibitions
Phone: +91- 9699807207, 9899107207
Website: www.cwstexpo.com
NIWeek
August 1-4, 2016
Austin Texas, USA
IFA Berlin
September 2-7, 2016
Berlin, Germany
IFA Berlin
Website: www.b2b.ifa-berlin.com/en/IFA/
AboutIFA
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
Government approves
electronics cluster in Raipur
The government has approved the fifth
greenfield electronics manufacturing
cluster (EMC), to be set up in Raipur
at an investment of ` 890 million, for
making mobile phones, solar LEDs
and consumer electronics products.
The government plans to set up 200
ELECTRONICS FOR YOU | FEBRUARY 2016
85
Snippets
Government asks airports to set up
solar energy units
The civil aviation ministry has asked
Airports Authority of India to make at least
four airports energy-neutral by February
2017. As of now, Kochi airport is the only
airport in the country that has installed
solar panels to generate 12MW of power
to meet its energy needs.
EMCs across the country under National Policy on Electronics 2012. The
governments Department of Electronics and IT (DeitY) has already given
in-principle approvals to 17 greenfield
EMCs. It has approved four EMCs that
include two in Madhya Pradesh, one
each in Rajasthan and Jharkhand.
Under the EMC scheme, the Centre provides an aid capped at 50 per
cent of the project cost subject to a
ceiling of ` 500 milion for every 100
acres of land. For larger areas, prorata ceiling applies.
Make in india
Things, has agreed to acquire Bluetooth,
Bluetooth Low Energy and Near Field
Communication assets in hardware and
software from Stollmann Entwicklungs und
VertriebsGmbh in Hamburg, Germany.
Stollmann is a global player in the
Bluetooth and NFC business, designing,
developing and manufacturing cuttingedge, low-power Bluetooth modules and
highly-sophisticated software solutions for
short-range wireless communications.
make in india
Market Survey:
Keeping An Eye On
IndIas surveIllance Industry
I
Sudeshna Das is
senior executive
editor at EFY
Currently, though analogue based surveillance systems account for the majority of the share of nearly 68 per cent in
the overall market, IP based surveillance
systems are expected to grow with a relatively higher CAGR of 41.78 per cent in the
coming years.
As per a spokesperson from 6Wresearch,
electronics division, Declining prices, terrorist strikes, government initiatives, rising
public infrastructure, increasing government
security spending and growing awareness
have fuelled the adoption of IP surveillance
systems in India. Further, the surging need
for video analytics and remote monitoring have also led to rising penetration of IP
surveillance systems in the country.
Market drivers
The commercial sector is estimated to
have been the largest end-user sector that
includes hotels, restaurants and offices. It
is followed by banking and finance, retail,
manufacturing and industrial and government sectors. The fast-growing end-user
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87
make in india
New amended PMA policy: 100 per cent preference to
Made in India products for procurement of CCTV cameras
(video) and sensor based alarm systems by all government
departmentsA brief: Preferential market access
1. The government of India has laid down a policy for preference to domesticallymanufactured electronic products in government procurement for its own use and not
with a view to commercial resale or with a view to use in the production of goods for
commercial sale.
2. The policy is applicable to all ministries/departments (except Ministry of Defence) and
their agencies.
3. Each ministry/department would specify sector-specific electronic products.
4. Each ministry/department would specify the percentage of procurement to be made
from domestically-manufactured electronic products, which shall not be less than 30
per cent of the total procurement value of that electronic product(s).
5. Each ministry/department would also specify the domestic value-addition requirement
that the electronic product should satisfy for the product to qualify as a domesticallymanufactured electronic product.
6. Policy for preference to domestically-manufactured telecom products in procurement due
to security considerations and in government procurement, notifying telecom products for
government procurement in furtherance of the policy dated October 5, 2012.
7. The Department of Telecommunications came up with a list of 23 domestic products
covered under the policy with their minimum PMA to domestically-manufactured
electronic products and their minimum domestic value addition.
8. Serial number 22 states security and surveillance communication systems (video and
sensor based)
9. SPGI wrote to governments Department of Telecommunications and Department of
Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) seeking clarification as to whether CCTV
camera (video) and alarm systems are part of serial number 22.
10. Government of India, Ministry of Communications and IT, Depar tment of
Telecommunications (Investment Promotion Cell) clarified as per Office Memorandum
No.- 18-14/2012- IP(Pt.) dated July 22, 2015, CCTV video cameras and sensor based
alarming systems can form part of security and surveillance communication and should
get covered under telecom equipment description listed at serial number 22 in the
Gazette Notification dated October 5, 2012.
11. PMA on serial number 22 mentions 100 per cent with value addition of 35 per cent in
the first year, increasing by five per cent in subsequent years.
As per this amendment, domestically-manufactured CCTV cameras and alarm systems have
to be provided 100 per cent preference in all government purchases.
Market constraints
Business opportunity in security
and surveillance is huge, but till
now it has not been an attractive
investment segment because of high
market fragmentation, unstructured
trade and commoditisation of the
industry says Sehgal.
He emphasises, Companies and
traders are selling inferior-quality
products in the market, which is
affecting the growth of the market
and misguiding customers. The
government needs to set standards
for security devices that can be sold
and provide guidelines for import of
electronic security products in India.
Jivani supports this point as he
says, Most countries have their own
standards for security products and
people who install and maintain
these products. It is the governments job to create standards in
order to ensure a certain level of
quality in products and services. Unfortunately, our country has ignored
this aspect completely so far, leaving
everything to manufacturers, importers, traders and customers. This has
led to India becoming a dumping
ground for cheap and inferior imports. Now, it is encouraging to see
government talking about important
initiatives such as products and
skills standardisation and certification along with skill development.
Jivani emphasises, Most
countries insist on strict homologation programmes before they allow
importing products. Despite India
When it comes to
enterprises, usage of
cameras or security and
surveillance products is
not only for the purpose
of security but also for
productivity. When video
surveillance is in place at offices, shops
or any other place, productivity of the
workers/employees tends to increase
automatically.
Ganesh Jivani, managing director,
Matrix Comsec
89
make in india
Companies and traders
are selling inferior quality
products in the market,
which is affecting the
growth of the market and
misguiding customers.
Government needs to set
standards for security devices that can be
sold and provide guidelines for import of
electronic security products in India.
Sanjeev Sehgal, chairman, Security
Promotion Group of India (SPGI), and
managing director, Sparsh
STRENGTHS
Remote and continuous monitoring
systems
Advent of compact security devices
Integration of new technologies like
light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
technology and high-quality oblique
images
Versatility and customisation of
products at affordable rates
Increasing IP infrastructure
WEAKNESSES
Less number of sessions/workshops by
industries on the installation of the security
and surveillance equipment
Industrys reliability on small and quality
PCBs and availability of multi-layered and
other quality PCBs along with some discrete
components is a problem
Lack of awareness about the installation of
security equipment
Dearth of suppliers of quality components
required for security and surveillance products
SWOT
OPPORTUNITIES
Increase in the number of terrorist
attacks and criminal activities
Increasing number of hi-tech public
infrastructure
Growing awareness
Integrating mobile and cloud
services with surveillance devices
THREATS
Low import duty
Inflow of low-cost security and surveillance
products is high
Inflow of low quality products
Inferior quality products sold with incorrect
information
NEW Products
MAKE IN INDIA
Components
UHD chip
Based on DLP CinemaR technology, the DLP 4K ultra-high-definition
(UHD) chipset combines fast
switching speed of the digital micromirror device with advanced
image processing. It is offered in a
single-chip projector architecture that
enables high-resolution and highbrightness solutions.
The DLP 4K UHD solution uses the
fast speed of the chip with advanced
image processing to deliver more than
eight million pixels to the screen with
just four million mirrors.
Texas Instruments Inc.
www.ti.com
Chip capacitors
SMEC Electronics provides a range of
SMD parts including multi-layer chip
capacitors for use in consumer electronics, telecommunications, data processing, PCs and other applications.
92
All capacitors
meet or exceed
EIA 535 BAAC and
IECQ standards.
The chip capacitors can be used for
different temperature characteristics
having capacitance range of 0.5pF to
100F, voltage range from 4kV DC 5kV DC and operating temperature
range from -55C to +125C.
SMEC Electronics India Pvt Ltd
www.smec-inc.com
Constant-current driver IC
Key features of this product are:
Non-isolated buck topology
Active power factor correction, PF>0.9,
THD<10 per cent
Direct supply
technology (no
Vcc supply circuits)
Good line regulation and load
regulation
Cycle-by-cycle current limiting
Output short/open-circuit protection
Over-temperature protection
Silan Microelectronics
www.silan.com.cn
dhananjay.marawar@adsr.co.in
t&m
Pulse ox and heart rate
monitor module
MAX30102 is an integrated pulse oximetry and heart-rate monitor module.
It includes internal LEDs, photodetectors, optical elements and low-noise
electronics with ambient light rejection. It provides a complete system
solution to ease the design-in process
for mobile and wearable devices.
MAX30102 operates on a single
Spectrum analyser
R&S Spectrum Rider is the new handheld spectrum
analyser that has
a modern and
intuitive look
and feel. Having
state-of-art design
and implementing
latest design methodology, Spectrum Rider has better RF
performance coupled with comprehensive features and benefits to address the
needs of various market segments.
Rohde & Schwarz
www.rohde-schwarz.com
Waveguide mixer
Anritsu has announced the release of
its new high-performance waveguide
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New Products
Airflow anemometer
MECO airflow anemometer (model
961P) is used to measure wind speed
and temperature. It acts as
an indicator that spins in the
wind and gives a direct measure of the speed of the wind.
It is mainly used in the HVAC
industry for measuring airflow
of air-conditioners.
Measuring range for the
air flow is 1~25m/s and
for temperature 0~50C.
The meter is equipped with
special functions such as m/
sec, ft/min, knots, km ph, MPH, CFM,
max./min./hold, and auto power off.
MECO Instruments Pvt Ltd
www.mecoinst.com
LeDs
COB downlights
iLux Electricals has come up with COB
downlights that are made from components of Vossloh-Schwabe, Germany.
The downlights have CRI
>85, L90/B10,
3Step Macadam.
These are available in 11W, 15W, 18W and 22W.
iLux Electricals Pvt Ltd
info@iluxelectricals.com
LED lights
Philips Piano LED lights are
aesthetically inspired by the
instrument and its elegant
black-and-white colour
combination makes spaces
appear highly sophisticated.
The skillfully-designed pieces of the collection allow users to slide independent modules giving
them the freedom to personalise lights.
They can adjust the light bars and create patterns based on their choice.
Philips Lighting
www.lighting.philips.co.in
Internet of thIngs
Wireless user-authentication
technology platform
STMicroelectronics and ClevX, an intel-
94
lectual property innovator and technology developer for portable storage and
mobile device manufacturers, have
announced the worlds first DataLocksecured encrypted portable storage
media with Bluetooth Smart wireless
user authentication.
Users can interact with secure portable storage (full-disk, XTS-AES 256-bit
encryption) from their smartphones or
wearable devices where all data on the
drive is encrypted and can be locked/
unlocked using single- or multi-factor
authentication.
STMicroelectronics
www.st.com
Module
Microchip has announced RN2483 LoRa
module, which is the worlds first to
pass LoRa Alliances LoRaWAN certification program. The module was independently tested by Espotels accredited
test laboratory to meet the functional
requirements of the latest LoRaWAN 1.0
protocol specification, for operation in
868MHz licence-free band.
Microchip Technology Inc.
www.microchip.com
mIsCeLLaneous
Analogue timers
Shavison has launched 48mm x 48mm
panel-mounted timers in analogue
timer series. These are available in two
operating modes,
namely, on delay/interval and
cyclic on first or
off first, whereas
on delay/interval
timers are available in four different supply voltage
and time ranges, that is, on delay/interval (60 minutes, 230V AC), on delay/
interval (60 minutes and 230V AC/110V
AC/24V AC/24V DC), on delay/interval
(30 hours, 230V AC), on delay/interval
(30 hours, universal supply voltage).
Shavison Electronics Pvt Ltd
www.shavison.com
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Do-it-yourself
N
KA IDHI
TH
UR
IA
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
95
Do-it-yourself
EFY Note
96
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
Do-it-yourself
N
KA IDHI
TH
UR
IA
LossLess Image
CompressIon Using MATLAB
LALIT G. PATIL
Select Image
Image To Be Compressed
Compress Image
Compressed Image
Select Image
Image To Be Compressed
Compress Image
Compressed Image
337.506
119.868
371.587
96.9473
EFY Note
The complete MATLAB code of this
project, input images and figures are
included in this months EFY DVD
and are also available for free download at source.efymag.com
M,N(Image1(m,n) Image2(m,n))2
mxn
( )
R2
MSE
97
Do-it-yourself
P
DEE
SAN KASH
PRA
TP1
IC1
7805
C1
10u,16V
LED1
BATT.1
9V
R1
330E
TP0
R2
8.2K
Test Points
Test point
R3
100E
1
2
RGB1
P3.1 (TXD)
P1.6
18
P3.2 (INT0)
P1.5
17
P3.3 (INT1)
P1.4
16
P1.3
15
S4
P1.2
14
S3
P3.7
P1.1
13
S2
XTAL2
P1.0
12
S1
11
4
5
P3.0 (RXD)
P3.4
IC2
AT89C2051
P3.5
XTAL1
GND
XTAL1
11.0592MHz
GND
98
20
19
C2
33p
Vcc
P1.7
C3
33p
RST
C4
0.1u
R4 R5 R6 R7
R4 R7 = 1K
TP0
0V GND
TP1
+5V
PARTS LIST
S1 = YELLOW
S2 = MAGENTA
S3 = CYAN
S4 = MULTIPLE
10
Details
Semiconductors:
IC1
- 7805, 5V voltage regulator
IC2
- AT89C2051 MCU with a
proper base
LED1
- 5mm LED
- 5mm RGB LED
RGB1
Resistors (all 1/4-watt, 5% carbon):
R1
- 330-ohm
R2
- 8.2-kilo-ohm
R3
- 100-ohm
R4-R7
- 1-kilo-ohm
Capacitors:
C1
- 10F, 16V electrolytic
C2, C3
- 33pF ceramic
C4
- 0.1F ceramic
Miscellaneous:
S1-S4
- Tactile switch
XTAL1
- 11.0592MHz crystal
oscillator
CON1
- 2-pin connector terminal
- 9V battery
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Software
The software is written
in embedded C language
and compiled using
Keilvision 4 version
compiler. It contains simple switch statements to
produce different colours
from primary colours.
We have used Topwin
6 software to burn the
hex code into the MCU
using a Universal Topwin
programmer board.
Fig. 4: Component layout of the PCB
EFY Note
Construction
and testing
An actual-size, single-side PCB of
the circuit is shown in Fig. 3 and
its component layout in Fig. 4. Assemble the circuit on the PCB as it
minimises time and assembly errors.
Carefully assemble the components
and double-check for any error(s).
Use a proper IC base for the MCU.
CON1 is a 2-pin connector used
to connect a 9V battery.
For troubleshooting, verify
the voltages listed in the test
points table.
Pamarthi Kanakaraja is associate
professor (R&D cell) at Usha
Rama College of Engineering
and Technology, Telaprolu,
Andhra Pradesh. He has been
working in the field of embedded
designing and programming
concepts for the last six years
99
Do-it-yourself
S.C.
EDI
DWIV
infrared Motion-SenSing
Relay Switch
T.K. HAREENDRAN
Fig. 1: PIR motion sensor module and its dome shaped cover (inset)
CON1
FOR
5V
R3
10K
D1
1N4007
G
D
D
Vcc
OUT
GND
CON2
FOR PIR
SENSOR
T1
BS170
R4
1K
G
R1
1K
C1
100u
25V
R2
10K
LED1
CON3
FOR
12V IN
CON4
FOR
12V OUT
GND
100
T2
IRF9540
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101
Do-it-yourself
.
S.C DI
IVE
W
D
102
PARTS LIST
Semiconductors:
IC1
- CA3140 op-amp
- CD4060 counter
IC2
T1, T2
- BC547 npn transistor
LED1-LED3
- 5mm LED
D1
- BPW34 PIN photodiode
Resistors (all 1/4-watt, 5% carbon):
R1, R5, R6
- 1-mega-ohm
R2, R3
- 1-kilo-ohm
R4, R7, R8
- 100-ohm
Capacitor:
C1
- 0.22F ceramic disk
Miscellaneous:
- 9V battery
BATT.1
PZ1
- Piezo buzzer
R3
1K
R5
1M
7
2
8
IC1
CA3140
16
V DD
12
RESET
LED1
R1
1M
D1
BPW34
3
Q4
R2
1K
T1
BC547
11
01
00
C1 0.22u
10
R6
1M
IC2
CD4060
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
14
Q9
13
Q10
15
Q12
Q13
Q14
R8
100E
PZ1
PIEZO
BUZZER
LED3
BATT.1
9V DC
R7
100E
00
Vss
R4
100E
T2
BC547
LED2
GND
12 of IC2 to ground
potential and CD4060
starts oscillating.
IC2 is a binary
counter with ten
outputs that turn high
one by one when it
oscillates due to C1
and R6. Oscillation
of IC2 is indicated
by the blinking of
LED2. When output
Q6 (pin 4) of IC2
turns high after 15
seconds, T2 conducts
and activates piezo buzzer PZ1, and
LED3 also glows. The
alarm repeats again
after 15 seconds if
fire persists.
You can also turn on an AC
alarm that produces a loud sound by
replacing PZ1 with a relay circuitry
(not shown here). The AC alarm is
activated through contacts of the
relay used for this purpose.
103
Do-it-yourself
Fridge temperature
and humidity Indicator
PARTS LIST
Semiconductors:
IC1, IC2
- ATmega328P MCU with
Arduino Uno bootloader
IC3
- 7805 voltage regulator
TX1
- 433MHz RF transmitter
module
RX1
- 433MHz RF receiver module
ZD1
- 5V zener diode
ZD2
- 3.3V zener diode
Resistors (all 1/4-watt, 5% carbon):
R1, R2, R5
- 10-kilo-ohm
- 330-ohm
R3
R4
- 100-ohm
- 10-kilo-ohm preset
VR1
Capacitors:
C1, C2, C9, C10 - 22pF ceramic disk
C3, C4
- 100F, 25V electrolytic
- 100nF ceramic disk
C5, C6, C11
C7
- 10F, 16V electrolytic
- 470F, 25V electrolytic
C8
Miscellaneous:
BATT.1, BATT.2 - 9V battery
ANT1, ANT2 - Spiral antenna
XTAL1, XTAL2 - 16MHz crystal oscillator
LCD1
- 162 character module
display
S1, S2
- Tactile switch
SENSOR1
- AM2302 digital temperature
and humidity sensor
CON1
- 4-pin connector for sensor
R1
10K
GND
SOMNATH BERA
DATA
VCC
AJIT
BISW
DAS
104
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EFY Note
D2
14
13
12
11
10
9
D3
C11
100n
D1
D4
D0
9
7
D5
S2
10
EN R/W
XTAL2
16MHz
D6
11
12
RS
A/VEE
13
14
15
16
C10
22p
C9
22p
5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4
R5 10K
7
D7
VDD
VO
Vss
LCD1
16 X 2
RF RX
ANT2
C7
10u
16V
C8
470u
25V
GND
Vcc
BATT2
9V
ANT
GND
IC3
7805
VR1
10K
Vcc
DATA
DATA
GND
RX1
TP3
AVcc
Vcc
PC6/RESET
AVREF
PD0/RXD
PC5/SCL
PD1/TXD
PC4/SDA
PD2
PD3
PD4
PC3
IC2
ATMEGA328P
PB6/XTAL1
PB7/XTAL2
PC2
PC1
PC0
PB5/SCK
PD5
PB4/MISO
PD6
PB3/MOSI
20
21
28
27
26
25
24
23
19
18
17
C6
100n
Software
The software includes Adafruit
library for DHT sensors, virtual
wire library for communicating
with 433MHz RF sensors and
liquid crystal library for the LCD
display. All libraries are included
in the software bundle in this
months DVD.
16
PD7
PB0
GND
PB2
PB1
AGND
15
22
105
Do-it-yourself
A
TIM
PRA ARI
M
KU
High-Impedance
Audio Buffer With Jfet
PETRE TZV PETROV
HP1,HP2=HEADPHONE
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Construction
and testing
An actual-size, single-side PCB for
the high-impedance audio buffer
with JFET is shown in Fig. 2 and its
component layout in Fig. 3.
This circuit may require appropriate selection of values of resistors R3 and R4 in order to optimise
the peak-to-peak amplitude of the
output signal. It is appropriate for
battery operation, which is important for portable applications.
The circuit can be mounted
in a small box near the pickup or
attached to the strap of the string
instrument. Due to its high input
impedance, input cable should be
shorter than one metre and shielded
or, at least, twisted. The gain is
lower than unity but that is not a
problem because most pickups provide strong signals.
107
Do-it-yourself
.
S.C DI
IVE
DW
Plus-minus 5V suPPly
From 9V Battery
A. SAMIUDDHIN
TP1
IC1
78L05
TP2
C2
2.2u
16V
1
BATT.1
9V
C1
470u
25V
C3
10u
16V
3
4
V+ 8
NC
IC2 OSC
ICL7660
CAP+
LV 6
GND
Vout 5
CAP
TP0
C4
10u
16V
+5V
GND
5V
CON1
FOR
OUTPUT
TP3
GND
Test Points
Test point
Details
TP0
0V (GND)
TP1
9V
TP2
+5V
TP3
-5V
PARTS LIST
Semiconductors:
IC1
- 78L05 voltage regulator
IC2
- ICL7660 voltage converter
Capacitors:
C1
C2
C3, C4
Miscellaneous:
CON1
BATT.1
A. Samiuddhin is B.Tech
in electrical and electronics
engineering. He has been
an electronics hobbyist
since ninth standard
108
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Price
` 49,000
FIRST Look
ESTYLE
Compiled by
nEhA chAudhAry
Zebronics unveils
tower speakers
With acoustics dispersion
using ZEB-spatial disperser
technology
The latest tower speakers from Zebronics, Tyson, come with a combination of
front-loaded down-firing transmission
Price
line and spatial disperser technolo` 4500
gies. At 68cm, it breathes life into every
moviewhether you are watching a
gritty indie thriller or a lush period romance, the deep, clear bass adds a kick to
your flicks. It also reproduces music with
robust, enveloping sound, no matter what
you listen to or how loud you play it.
The product comes equipped with Bluetooth
technology and keeps the user entertained with music
and control playback feature wirelessly. Added to this,
it has a built-in FM and is compatible to most gadgets
with USB or SD/MMC card. The speaker comes with a
full-function remote control, which enables the user to
switch songs and radio stations with ease by just pressing the keys on the remote.
Price
` 3999
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
Price
`
9999
(on pre-order)
GizMo ByTes
ZenFone Max smartphone from ASUS
See the world with ultimate energy
ZenFone Maxs sleek frame secretes a monster batterya non-removable 5000mAh
cell custom-crafted from lithium-polymer to pack maximum energy into minimum
space. It also turns into a power bank, allowing you to draw on its incredibly longlasting battery to charge other devices. The battery boasts of 914 hours of standby
time and 37.63 hours of talktime.
The smartphone features Android 5.0 (Lollipop) operating system, Qualcomm Snapdragon 410 CPU, Adreno 306/405 GPU, 2GB LPDDR3 RAM, 16GB
eMMC flash (5GB free lifetime ASUS WebStorage) and expandable up to 64GB,
5MP front camera and 13MP rear camera, among other features.
Price
` 1999
Price
` 11,990
The prices, features and specifications are based on information provided to us, or as available on various websites and portals. EFY cannot vouch for their accuracy.
WWW.EFYMAG.COM
111
Buyers GUIDE
ESTYLE
P
Belal Khan
is a senior
correspondent
at EFY. He is an
alumnus of Indian
Institute of Mass
Communication
Price
Sony BRAVIA
KDL-50W900B
LG 50LA6200
Panasonic VIERA
TH-50A410D
Philips
50PFL5059
Mitashi
MiDE050v01
Samsung
50J5100
Micromax
50B5000FHD
` 120,000
` 110,347
` 56,500
` 52,990
` 50,617
` 43,500
` 42,000
Full-HD display,
1920 x 1080 pixels
No smart TV
No picture engine
Hyper-real engine
speakers
Two built-in
speakers
Full-HD display,
1920 x 1080 pixels
60Hz
Two USB ports
Two HDMI ports
Full-HD display,
1920 x 1080 pixels
Hz MCI
3D smart TV
Wi-Fi and Internet
Three USB ports
Three HDMI ports
Smart features like
games
Web browser
Gesture control
Full-HD display,
1920 x 1080 pixels
One USB port
Two HDMI ports
1130mm x 658mm
x 60mm
Full-HD display,
1920 x 1080 pixels
One USB port
Two HDMI ports
1127mm x 666mm
x 62mm
The prices mentioned here are from various e-commerce portals and are subject to change.
112
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3D technology
If you are planning to go for high
3D performance, you will need a 3D
Blu-ray player to watch 3D movies.
Moreover, you will also need 3D
glasses to view anything in 3D. Both
these things are rather expensive.
The future of 3D TV depends
on adoption of this product at a
mass level. New technologies that
are being incorporated in these
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Sound
Most 127cm TVs have poor sound
quality because it is impossible
to fit a high-quality sound system
into a lean and compact device. We
recommend buyers to get a surround-sound system for an overall
enhanced experience. The added
advantage will significantly decrease the gap between picture and
sound quality.
Internet connectivity
Almost all TVs now come with
Internet connectivity, whether it
is for steaming online content or
getting access to online applications. Most come with built-in Wi-Fi
adaptors and Ethernet ports for
wired connections.
Ports
Make sure there are at least three
or four HDMI ports. This is the
most common technique for viewing HD images from external devices. USB ports are useful as you
can view content from USB drives
on your TV.
Smart TVs
An increasing number of TV sets
come with built-in Wi-Fi for connecting Internet based services for
running videos or apps for watching special-interest programmes,
downloading on-demand movies,
playing games or even posting to
social media. Brands like LG and
Samsung use a handy bar of icons
at the bottom of the screen for this
feature, while Sony uses Google
Android TV platform for a better
consumer experience.
Smart TVs also offer customisable homescreens and provide
recommendations to viewers with
regards to what programmes they
should watch based on their personal tastes.
ELECTRONICS FOR YOU | FEBRUARY 2016
113
do-it-yourself
ESTYLE
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115
Page No.
Products
Page No.
Products
Page No.
Products
Page No.
Limited .............................................................. 7
Display Systems
ISOFT ...............................................................118
Services
Solar Products
Transformers
Consumables)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS
MARKET SURVEYS
BUYERS GUIDE
FOR ELECTRONICS LABS
January
Development Boards
February
Drones
March
Noise Meters
Blood-Pressure Monitors
April
Solar Industry
Digital Multimeters
May
Solid-State Storage
3D Printers
Fitness Wristbands
June
Earphones
July
Home Automation
Budget-Friendly Oscilloscopes
August
Self-Driving Cars
LED Lighting
Low-Priced Tablets
September
Strategic Electronics
Soldering/Desoldering Stations
3G/4G Dongles
October
Sensors
Consumer Electronics
Smart Televisions
November
Medical Electronics
Blood-Sugar Monitors
December
Low-Priced Laptops
130
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advertisers index
Client name
Page No.
Client name
Page No.
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Page No.
Progressive Engineers...........................................................................123
PSI Enterprises ......................................................................................129
ISOFT..................................................................................................... 118
RK Enterprises .......................................................................................129
S.M Semiconductors..............................................................................129
LEDBazaar.............................................................................................131
Dinteck ...................................................................................................128
Minoo Impex...........................................................................................121
electronica 2016.......................................................................................77
ERT Tech.Services.................................................................................128
Perfect Radios........................................................................................127
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131