Top 100 Russian Words

Russian Language Lesson 17

Main Lesson Vocabulary

The Most Used Russian Words

This lesson will introduce the most used words in Russian in the order that they are most
used. This lesson is a vocabulary lesson to help you learn a number of Russian words that you
will use almost every day while you are in Russia. Many of these words you will already
know from previous lessons. Visit the vocabulary page to see the words in list form.
The examples included in this lesson are quite advanced. You will not understand all of the
grammar, there are some concepts that you have not been taught. The main thing is to learn
the 100 words in this lesson. From this lesson and onwards we will use more complex
examples to help you passively learn more Russian vocabulary. You are not expected to
memorise all the new Russian words.

1: - And
Russian's most used word is '' (and). '' is preceded by comma when it is used as a
conjuction to join phrases with different subjects. Here are some examples of it in use.

Coffee with milk and sugar.

The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square.

It connects Moscow and Vladivostok.

.
Take some paper and write.
The children sat down on the carpet and began
.
playing.
He jumped into the river and quickly swam to the
.
island.
.
Everyone was singing and dancing.

The lakes and mountains of Scotland are very
.
beautiful.
,
She went up to the blackboard, took the chalk and
.
began writing on the blackboard.
When it is used like " ... " it can mean "both ... and".
.

2: () - In, into, to

She's both beautiful and clever.

'' means 'in' when followed by the prepositional case. Refer to lesson 8 for more
information). '' is pronounced as though it is part of the following word. Sometimes this is
difficult to say so '' is used instead. '' usually proceeds words that start with '' or a group
consonants that are difficult to pronounce.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.

I live in Moscow.
I work at (in) a school.
Yesterday we were at the theatre.
We gathered many mushrooms in the forest.
He arrived in London this morning.
In town it was very hot, we decided to go to
the country.
The day before yesterday we were in the
park.

When followed by the accusative case it means 'to' or 'into'. This is common following verbs
of motion because there is a sense of direction.
.
.
.

.
.
, .
,
.

We are going to Moscow.

Tomorrow we are going to London.
I went into the garden.
Our grandmother usually goes to the shop in
the morning.
Sam goes to school every morning on foot.
went into the institute when rain started.
It was hot, but when we went into the forest, it
became cool.

Is used with expressions of time such as 'on Monday'. (Note: '' is used when the days are
plural 'on Mondays')
.
.
.
.

On Monday.
On Tuesday I read the newspaper.
On Friday I am playing tennis.
At noon we had dinner and rested.
In December we drink Vodka
Last year we bought an apartment

3: - Not
The word is used for negation. It usually precedes the verb it negates.


?
.
.

I don't know
Nadya doesn't like wine.
Don't you like her?
I told you not to do that.
I didnt feel sorry for her.

 , .

.

They told me not to worry.

Previously, not all children had access to
preschool education.

When negative words are used such as (noone), (nothing), (nowhere

(motion)), The word is often used. To the English speaker this looks like a double
negative, but this is normal in Russian.
.
.
.

I see nothing.
Nobody knows.
I am not going anywhere.

The follow phrase is occasionally used in response to 'thank-you'.

.

Don't mention it. (in response to 'thank-you')

4: - On, at, to
'' means 'on' or 'at' when followed by the prepositional case. (Refer to lesson 8 for more
information)

Nadya is at work
.
Yesterday we were at the concert.

On the table is a book and a pencil.

My father works at a plant and my mother
.
works at a library.
, We swam in the river, and grandmother was
.
sitting on the grass at the river.

She spends the whole day in the country and
.
returns to town at sunset.
, When we were in the south, we went to the
.
sea every day.
At this week we meet our friends at the
.
airport.
When '' is followed by the accusative case it means 'to' or 'onto'.
.
Nadya is going to work.
.
The windows look to the south.
.
In summer they always go to the south.

Last month my aunt didn't go to work.
.
She gets up at seven o'clock and goes to the
.
railway station.
'' is used in expressions of time that relate to weeks.
...

This week...

 ...
.

Next week...
Last week I was at work

5: - I
is the personal pronoun for the first person.
-
I speak Russian

I understand
,
Reading the letter, I couldnt believe my eyes.
.
, .
I'd like a coffee, please.
,
In summer my mother goes to work but I do
.
not go to school.

Last week I went to the Russian Museum.
.
. I haven't heard this song since last winter.
I spent the whole day in the country and
.
returned to town at sunset.

I am sitting on a bench in the park and feeding
.
the birds.

6: - He, it.
is the personal pronoun for the third person (masculine).
-

?

, .

.
, .
.
, .
? .

. .

He speaks Russian
He is a student
Where is he going?
He is going home
Listening to the music, he forgot the
time.
He visited his sister on the occasion of
her birthday.
He had worked for an hour when it got
too dark.
He has always been a violent man.
He looked older than he was.
Where's my Phone? It was on my desk
a minute ago.
Parents gave me a bike for my birthday.
It is very modern and beautiful.

7: - What, that
The word "" is a question pronoun that means "what"". It can be phrased simply as a
question "What?". The pronoun takes the following forms.

English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case

What

For example
?
, ?
?
?

What do you want?

What happened after I left?
What are you doing that for?
What are you talking about?

Like in English "" can also be a relative pronoun (similar to a conjunction) . It can mean
'what'. It is preceded by a comma.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
, .

People sometimes ask me what Im

going to do when I retire.
She wasnt quite sure what she was
going to say.
I havent even thought about what Im
going to wear to the dinner.
The kids complain that theres nothing
to do there.

"" is also used for the conjunction "that". In Russian "" can not be omitted.
, .
,
, ,
.
, .

I know that you love music.

I think that it is very beautiful.
I know theres a problem, but I havent
got time to worry about that now.
I think that I am very honest.

" " translates to the conjunction "because". It is usually preceded by a comma.

However sometimes the comma is moved to the middle ', '. This is done to
emphasise the reason, however the difference it subtle. ', ' might be translated to
'because of the fact'.

, .

My girlfriend is not able to go for a walk with me

today because she is very busy.

8: () - With, from
"" has different meanings depending on the following case. It is usually pronounced as
though it is part of the following word. When "" it is followed by two or more consonants,
"" is normally used.

"" means "with" or "accompanied by" when it is followed by the instrumental case (see
Lesson 14).


.
.

I eat borsh with sour cream.

he said with hope
Ivan and Anna are going to the cafe.
He lives with his grandmother.
I'm going to France with a couple of
.
friends.
She was staying with her parents for a few
.
months.

She was having lunch with the boss.
"" means "from" when it is followed by the genitive case. "" (from) is the opposite of ""
(to). You should use the preposition "" to translate 'from a place' when you would use "" to
mean 'to a place'. (Refer: lesson 8). (Refer: '' and '' for other words that mean 'from').
.
The wind is coming from the north.
. She sent me a postcard from Majorca.
-
Youll have to borrow the money from someone
.
else.
.
He took a book from the table.
It is used in the following expressions also.

Merry Christmas
Happy birthday
Happy new year

9: - This is, that is

corresponds to "this is", "that is", "it is". This pronoun does not change form.
Note: The neuter form of the word "" (word 20) is also spelt "".


?



, .

This is our house

That is true
What is it?
It is tea.
These are my children
This is my husband
This is my towel and thats yours.
This is our new secretary, Veronica
.
Taylor.
.
This is a useful information.
.
This is an urgent matter.
This is already the fourth gale in eleven

.
.

days.
This is a bed-spread for a single bed.

10: () - To be, there is, there are

is the verb for "to be" ("is", "will", "was"). In Russian this verb is rarely used in the
present tense. There are only certain cases where it is used in the present tense, these include
the "to have" construction, and in the sense of "there is". (View Conjugated Verb)
?
?
.
.

Do you have coffee?

Is there vodka?
I was in the cinema yesterday.
He will learn russain.
He wants to be an actor when he finishes
, .
school.
.
It was a cold frosty morning.
, Theres a woman in the other room who
.
wants to talk to you.
,
There is a small problem that we need to
.
discuss.
.
There's a hair in my soup.
.
There were five red balls in the box.

11: - And, but

"" is a Russian conjunction that can mean 'and' or 'but'. It is used when two statements
contrast each other, but do not contradict each other. Quite often it is possible to translate it to
either the word 'but' or 'and' in English. It's use is normally preceded by a comma.
-, .
, .
,
.
, .
,
.
, .
, .
, .
,

I speak Russian, but he speaks English.

Ivan loves tea, and Nadya loves wine.
You cook the lunch, and Ill look after the
children.
I am engineer, and my mother is accountant.
Tom went home, and Andrew went to a
party.
My wife loves vegetables and I like fruits.
She's not a painter but a writer.
Mary was not at the party but in the library.
My father works at a factory and my mother
works at a library.

12: (, , ) - All
"" is the Russian word for "all", or "the whole". It takes a number of different forms
depending on it's place in the sentence.

Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case

Masc.

, .
.
,
.
. .
?
.

Fem.

Neut.

Plural

All day.
Everything was very clean
The whole apartment consisted of two
rooms.
We are all from Lipetsk
All animals have to eat in order to live.
All my friends agree.
All I need is a roof over my head and a
decent meal.
Theres no cake left. Theyve eaten it all.
Have you spent all your money?
All the family gathered around the table.

13: - They
is the personal pronoun for the third person plural.

They work

They meet in the cafe

They wish the new family happy life
.
together.

Did they take French lessons last year?
?
They are going to live in an enormous
.
house.
.
They married last week.
.
They dug their potatoes last week.
.
They chose the largest carpet.

14: - She
is the personal pronoun for the third person (feminine).
-


.

She speaks Russian

She is a student
She was smiling
She has dialed their number twice.

 .
,
.

She got the letter just in time.

When she left it had rained for days.
She has reported the theft of her
bicycle.
She is always cleaning her room.
Has she reached her destination yet?

.
.
?

15: - How, as, like

'' is the Russian question word meaning 'how?'...
?
?
"please" -?
?
?

How are you?

What is your name?
How do you say "please" in Russian.
How do we get to the town from here?
How did you hear about the concert?

Like English, it can also be used like a conjugation meaning 'how'.

, .

Dima doesn't know how to ride a bicycle.

In Russian '' is also used to make comparisons (similies). In this case it translates to 'as' or
'like'...
,

As white as snow
He speaks Russian like a native

Russian
, .
I can't run as fast as you.
, .
It's not as good as it used to be.
, .
I invested the money as you suggested.
, .
It was a small animal like a rat.
,
No one could play football like him.
- I went and bought myself a new pen
.
just like yours.
" " is a conjuction meaning 'since'. It is commonly used at the start of a sentence
,
.

Since Anna wanted to go to the cinema, they

went.

16: - We
is the personal pronoun for the first person plural.

-

We understand
We don't speak Russian



,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.

We are all from Lipetsk

My husband and I are going to the cafe.
We saw a man with no hair on his heard.
I told him that we had always used those
tools.
We asked him to do it, but he didnt want
to yield.
We saw the village in the distance.
We live next to a beautiful lake.

17: () - Towards, to
translates to 'towards'. It is followed by the dative case. '' is used when two or more
consonants follow.

.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.

Lipetsk is situated 400 kilometers to the

south of Moscow.
She stood up and walked towards him.
There is a trend towards healthier eating
among all sectors of the population.
He leaned towards his wife and whispered.
Victor was standing with his back towards
me.
I often get hungry towards the middle of the
morning.
It's getting dark earlier towards winter.
Mrs Barnes was hurrying along the path
towards us.

is also used when the meaning is 'to the house of'.

We are going to our friends.

18: - By, near, at

The Russian preposition "" can mean "to have". It will commonly be at the start of the
sentence when it has this meaning. This sentence construction is somewhat unusual but you
should remember it from lesson 9. The person who has the object follows "" and is in the
genitive case. The thing that is possessed becomes the subject of the sentence.

?
.

I have a sister
Do you have vodka?
I dont have brothers or sisters.
They have a dacha (summer house) near Moscow.

When the preposition "" is not used in the above construction it means "by" or "near".
Again, it is used with the genitive case.


.
.
.
? ,
.
.
.

.

Most large cities in the world are situated near

water.
The dog came and lay down at my feet.
She was standing at the bookcase.
Where is your brother? He is in the room,
standing at the window.
She was sitting over there by the window.
We meet at the corner of this house.
My grandfather went into the living room and sat
in a chair by the fireplace.

19: - You
"" is the Russian pronoun for the second person plural. It is used when addressing a group
of people. There is no English equivalent so English speakers may be tempted to use "yous",
or "you all" in colloquial speech.
"" is also used for the first person singular when you wish to address someone formally.
"" is usually reserved for friends and children. It is common to write with a capital
letter when writing to someone as it is more formal.
-?
.
...
,
.
, ?
?
,
.
?
, ,
.

Do you speak Russian?

You will see a lot of Russian rivers
As you can see...
I want to go to my room, if you dont
mind.
You're coming tonight, aren't you?
How do you feel yourself?
If you exercise every day, youll feel
a lot better.
ould you help me?
Yesterday, when you went for a walk,
I cleaned the apartment.

20: (, , ) - This
"" is a demonstrative pronoun meaning "this". It declines based on case and gender. In
some forms it has the same spelling as word 9 "" which means "this is".

English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case

Masc.
This

Fem.

Neut.

Plural

Prepositional Case

, .
,
.
.
.
?
?
.
.
- ?

This house is new, but that house is old.

This book is mine, and that book is yours.
This apartment is too expensive.
This road leads to station.
This bread is delicious.
Is this the postmans bicycle?
Is this your television set?
This is a tall bookcase.
My husband likes this tie.
Do you know anything about this?

21: - Behind, For

The Russian preposition "" followed by the instrumental case can mean "behind" or
"beyond".


.
.
.

Behind the house.

Nadya is standing behind me.
I hung my coat behind the door.
Harry went out and shut the door behind him.
The manager was sitting behind an enormous desk.

"" is used with the accusative case when following verbs of motion because it has a sense of
direction. In this case it still means "behind"

I am going behind the house.

"" can also mean "for". It is used with the accusative to express thanks or the reason for a
payment. In this meaning it has a sense of "in exchange for". " +(accusative)" can also
mean "for" in the sense of "in support of" (opposite of "against").
.
.

.
900.
15
.
.

Thanks for helping.

Vladimir is paying for the tickets.
It has been paid for.
There have been drought conditions for the
last two summers.
I sold my car for 900.
They bought the entire business for around
15m.
I am looking for the children.

"" followed by the instrumental can mean "for" in the sense of "to get".
.

He went for (to get) milk.

"" can be used to express a duration of time (with accusative)

.

Sasha ate his lunch in 5 minutes

22: (, , ) - That
"" is the Russian demonstrative pronoun meaning "that". It is very similar to "" (this).

English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case

Masc.
That

Fem.

Neut.

Plural

This house is new, but that house is

old.
This book is mine, and that book is
,
yours.
There were no telephones in those
.
days.
.
I want to buy that sweater.
She lives in that house by the bus
.
station.
. I've never liked that cousin of hers.
The engines started making that noise
.
again.
,
That girl is very pretty, I want to meet
.
her.
, .

23: - But
"" is the Russian conjunction meaning "but". It is used when two parts of a sentence
contradict one another. Remember that "" (word 11) is used when the clauses contrast one
another but don't contradict.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
, .

Annas a highly intelligent girl, but shes

rather lazy.
My flat is large, but Petrovs is lager.
I know theres a problem, but I havent
got time to worry about that now.
Their car is very expensive but reliable.
He has a cat, but he has no dog.

 ,
.

There was a disco at the club last Saturday

but he didn't go.

24: - You (familiar)

"" is the Russian pronoun for the second person singular. It is informal and commonly used
with friends and children. Use "" instead when formality is required.
?
?
?
, ?
.

?
,
, .

Do you understand?
Do you like oranges?
Are you still single?
I came to ask how you are.
You have disappointed me.
Do you see a little girl with a big ball in
her hands?
If you want your bread to be fresh, keep
it only in the refrigerator.

25: - Along, around, according to, by

"" is one of the most difficult Russian prepositions to translate. It has a number of different
uses and meanings, and needs to be translated based on context. It is most commonly used
with the dative case. "" (+dative) can mean "around"
.

Romantic walk along the beach.

He was walking along the street and saw his
.
friend.
In the morning, Jessica makes a jog along
.
the park.
"" (+dative) can mean "along"
The children were dancing around the
room.
15 , They have about 15 offices scattered
.
around the country.
Why are all those clothes lying around on
.
the floor?
.

"" (+dative) can mean "according to"

, $130.
,
.

.
"" (+dative) can mean "by"

According to our records you owe us $130.

According to Sarah they're not getting a lot
(of money) at the moment.
We should try to play the game according to
the rules.

 .
.

.

I took your hat by mistake.

We get paid by the hour.
You can get there by boat or by
train.

26: - Out of, from

"" can mean 'out of' or 'from'.
.
- .
.
,
.
20 20 .

An apple rolled out of the bag.

The coffee machine is out of order.
The dress was made out of velvet.
Nine out of ten people said they liked
the product.
No one got 20 out of 20 in the test.

"" is normally used in expressions of place. '' (from) is the opposite of '' (to). '' is
normally used in expressions of place. For example... "from America", "from school". (Refer
to '' and '' to translate 'from' in relation to time, distance and person.
What time does the flight from Amsterdam
arrive?
.
He took a handkerchief from his pocket.
She took her hairbrush from her handbag and
.
began to brush her hair.
?

Note: "-" means either 'from behind', or 'because of'.

Note: "-" means either 'from under', or 'for'.

27: (, ) - About
"" means "about" or "concerning" when it is used with the prepositional case. ", " and
are used for readability when a word starting with a vowel or multiple consonants follows.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
- ,
?
- ?
,
.

28: - One's own

We talked about everything that we care.

Think about what Ive told you.
Im worried about Dad.
He had not yet seen the film I was talking about.
Does anyone else know about my arrival?
Do you know anything about this?
Her mother had told her to buy some bread but she
had forgotten about it.

"" is the Russian reflexive possessive pronoun. It is used when the owner of something
is also the subject. (Its use is required in the 3rd person, and optional in the 1st and 2nd.
Although it is almost always used if the subject is ). More information about reflexives can
be found in the Reflexive Verbs grammar lesson.

English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case

Masc.
Fem.
My own, his own, her own

.
,
.
-,
.
,
.
?

.

.

Neut.

Plural

I smashed own car yesterday.

Everyone has their own idea of what
democracy means.
Each neighbourhood in New York has its
own characteristics.
I'd never have believed it if I hadn't seen it
with my own eyes.
Do you have your own house?
Yesterday I cleaned the house and washed
my own clothes.
He spent the last years of his life mostly in
Stratford.

29: - So
"" translates to 'so' and it's use in Russian is quite similar to English.
I'm so tired that I could sleep in this
chair!
, .
Im so glad you could come.
She so loved watching the children
, .
play.
, He was born in France, so he also has a
.
French passport.
,
Yesterday I went to visit friends, it was
.
so funny.
.
You should not do so.
, !

" " is a conjuction meaning 'since'. It is commonly used at the start of a sentence.
, Since Anna wanted to go to the cinema,
.
they went.

30: (, ) - One
"" is the number 1.
, .
.
.
?
.
,
.
- -
.

You've got three bags and I've only got one.

Ive only got one hour free.
They have one daughter and five sons.
How much are these pants? One hundred
and fifty pounds.
One picture is small, the other picture is
very large.
St. Petersburg is one of the largest cities in
Russia.

31: - Here, there.

"" can mean 'here' or 'there'. It is used when are pointing or gesturing towards something.
If you are not pointing then 'here' will usually translate as '' (word 74) instead.
-
.
, .

Here's Fiona - let me introduce you to her.

Here's the book I had lend you.

Oh, here are my glasses. I thought Id lost
, . , .
them.
Ah, here you are! Ive been looking
, ! .
everywhere for you.

32: - Which, who

"" means 'which' and declines like an adjective.
In Russian the use of is more strict. In English we may ask "What book do you
like?", but it is more correct to ask "Which book do you like?". This distinction is important in
Russian.
?
,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,

.
,
.
,

What is the time? (lit: Which hour?)

Ive been thinking about those questions
which you asked me last week.
Its a story which every child will enjoy.
There is a word in the text which I cannot
understand.
A dog which was running about the streets
of a little town saw a butcher's stall with a
lot of meat.
My brother read to me an extract from the
book which he had brought the day before.
I remember some of the stories which he

told me.

can also mean "who" (or "whom" in formal English), usually in the sense of "the
person who..."
,

The man who I am friends with

33: - Our
"" is the Russian possessive pronoun for the plural 1st person. It means "our".

English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case

Masc.
Our

Fem.

Neut.

.
.
.
.

.
.

Plural

We bought our house several years ago.

Most of our friends live in the suburbs.
Were very proud of our work.
Our cat is sitting on the sofa.
There is a little brown coffee table in
our room in front of the sofa.
There are three rooms and a kitchen in
our new flat.

34: - Only
"" is Russian for 'only'.

.
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
.

.

35: - Still, yet

Only in this house do I feel safe and

secure.
There were only stones and sand around.
The children were not only upset, they
were very angry.
Only when she was in the train, she
remembered that she had left the book at
home.
I only want to be allowed to help you.
At the English lesson you must speak only
English.

"" translates to the adverb 'still' or 'yet' depending on it's position in the sentence.
.
.
?
?
.
.
.

I still haven't furnished my new apartment.

The potatoes havent been peeled yet.
Has the water boiled yet?
Is it still spring?
The nurse is still at work.
He hasnt finished his work yet.
Today her story was still longer.

36: - From
"" is one of the Russian words that translates to 'from' (refer also '' and ''). "" is
usually used with the genitive case. "" (+genitive) is used when receiving something from
someone, 'from a person'.
.
.
.

I learned about this book from Ivan.

I received an email from Anna
From that cat comes the smell of fish.

Other expressions that still mean 'from a person' or 'from a persons place' also use "".

.

Last night we got home from

friends.
He left his wife.

Expressions of distance commonly use "". Note that construction " ... " is used to
express distance from one place to another.


950 .
.

There is five kilometers from our house

to sea.
Last week I drove from Minsk to
Moscow, 950 miles.
We live a few miles from the city.

37: - Such
"" means 'such' and it's use is quite similar to English. However it worth noting that the
negative ' ' can mean 'different'.

?

.
, ?

, .

How can anyone live on such a small

salary?
He has always had such compassion and
such concern for others.
If its such a secret, why did you tell me?
The museum has paintings by such
Impressionist artists as Manet and Degas.
He was keen on sporting pursuits such as

, , .
, ,
, .

golf, skiing and shooting.

I was six when I discovered that there was
no such person as Santa Claus.

"" is commonly used in speech to mean 'What's the matter?'.

?

What's the matter?, What's that?

38: - Can, to be able

is useful verb that means 'to be able' or 'can'. (View Conjugations)
.
.
.
?
?
.

.
,
.
.
, .

.

, .

I can go to the cinema.

He can not cook lunch.
We could meet.
Will you be able to come to us tomorrow?
Can you help me?
They will not be able to read this book.
He's never been able to admit to his mistakes.
I'm sorry that I wasn't able to phone you
yesterday.
She is barely able to read or write.
They can buy whatever they want.
He is able to read English newspapers without a
dictionary.
My girlfriend is not able to go for a walk with
me today because she is very busy.

39: - Speak
"" means 'to speak'. It's perfective form is which is listed as word 40. (View
Conjugations)
.
.
.
?
, .
-?

?

I like to speak a lot.

He does not often speak to his mother.
My friend always speaks very quickly.
Did you speak to him about it yesterday?
I saw him, but I didnt speak to him.
Can your son speak Russian?
What foreign languages does your father
speak?
Yesterday I saw the film you are speaking
, .
about.

40: - Say

"" means 'to say'. It is the perfective form of "". (View Conjugations)
, .

He said he liked the city.

She said goodbye to all her friends and
.
left.
, .
Tell me what he said to you.
, .
He says he knows this man.
, The doctor says she must be taken to
.
hospital.
, , .
What you have said is true.

41: - For
"" translates to 'for' in the sense of "for the benefit of". It is followed by the genitive case.
(Note: dependant on meaning, 'for' can also be translated using '' or simply only the dative
case).
.
, ?
.
,
.

.
.

Ive brought a cup of tea for you.

So, what can I do for you?
Winter is a good time for sports.
Let's go in and see if we can buy a nice
pair of trousers for you.
They are nice cotton dresses for my
nieces.
These shoes are too large for my feet.

42: - Already
is the Russian adverb 'already'.
?
24,
.
,
.

Has he come back already?

Hes only 24, but hes already achieved
worldwide fame.
I asked him to come to the exhibition but he'd
already seen it.
The concert had already begun by the time we
, .
arrived.
.
I've already told him.
.
I have already done my homework.

43: - Know
means 'to know'. There is no perfective form of this verb. (View Conjugations)
, .
,
.

I knew that she worked at a plant.

If you dont know the answer, just guess.

 ?
, .
, .
,
.

How do you know my name?

I dont know where the moneys coming
from.
I knew she wasnt really happy.
The girls knew of the sportsman's having
been awarded a prize.

44: - Yes
Usually one of the first words people learn in Russian. "" simply means 'yes'.
.
, ? , .

? , .
? , .

.
? , .

Yesterday the bank said to me, yes for

the loan.
Would you like me to open a window?
Yes, please.
Can I borrow your pen for a minute?
Yes, of course.
Were you angry? Well, yes and no.
He said yes to the request and got a lot
of troubles.
Do you like Thai food? Yes, I love it.

45: - What kind of

means 'what kind of'. Don't be tempted to use '', it is important to use when
you are asking 'What kind of ...?'. However in some case when translating from Russian to
English it will still make sense to translate "" simply as 'what'.
?
.
, .
, .
,
?

What kind of cheese do you prefer?

I asked Becky what kind of book her
friend had brought her.
He did not know what kind of property
he had.
I do not know what kind of fruit he likes.
What kind of engine in your car, petrol or
electric?

46: - When
means 'when' it can be used as a question word.
c ?
?

?
?
.

When did your sister come home yesterday?

When shall I be allowed to see you?
When did the teacher read an interesting
story to the students?
When does he come home?
When are you coming to see us?

 ?
?

?

When does the plain from Paris arrive?

When do you finish your job today?
When was your previous withdrawal?

Like English you will also find this word in the middle of a sentence.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
, .

I had known him for six years when he died.

When I entered they had waited for me for
hours.
She was unconscious when she was taken to
hospital.
He rose when I entered.
Dont drink beer when you have to drive.

47: - Other, another, different

"" means 'other' or 'another'.
.

.
,
?

.
-
.
.

Put one foot in front of the other.

There is no other work available at the
moment.
Are there any other people we should
speak to?
The report will be of interest to teachers
and others in the education field.
Two other girls were still doing the job.
On the other side of the street there is a
coffee shop.

48: - First
The adjective "" means 'first'.

.
.
-.
.

.
.

49: - In order to, so that, to

He has two daughters from his first marriage

and a son from his second.
I was first in the queue.
This is my first visit to New York.
I fell in love with him the first time I saw him.
I'm always nervous for the first few minutes of
an exam.
Take the first turning on the right.

The conjunction "" means 'in order to' or 'so that'. Sometime in English it is possible to
contract 'in order to' to 'to. In this case the meaning is the same and "" should still be
used.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
.

He came home early in order to see the

children before they went to bed.
I agreed to her suggestion in order not to
upset her.
I do all the work in order to be free on
weekends.
Yesterday Tom went to the store in order
to buy food.
In order to meet his sister, he went to the
station.

It is also possible that "" can be the conjunction 'to'. It is commonly used to indicate
what someone wants someone else to do.
, .

Mama said for you to take out the garbage.

50: - His
"" is the possessive pronoun for the masculine third person. It means 'his'. It is pronounced
"yevo".
.
?

.
, ,
.
.

His teeth are not white.

Do you know his parents?
We met an old friend of his at the
theatre yesterday.
His parents were poor, so that Burns
could not get a good education.
She was attracted by his smile.

51: - Year
"" means 'year'. The plural is irregular. The plural is based on the last digit of the number.
1:
2-4:
5-0:
?

How old are you?

I am 18 years old
I am 23 years old
Unfortunately the crop failed that
, , .
year.
?
Can you wait another year?

He was London two years ago, so he
could see English films every day.

.

.
.
.
!

I never came late to my lessons last

year.
He graduated from the university
three years ago.
Two weeks are left before the end of
the school year.
Happy new year!

52: - Who
?
?
,
.
, Bramwell ,
.
?
, .

Who are these people?

Who has written this play?
Curry refused to say who had organized the
meeting.
I think Bramwell was the one who first
suggested the idea.
Who spent the least money?
I do not know who prepared this cake.

53: - Matter, business

?
. ,
.
.

.
?

.
,
.

Could I talk to you about a personal matter?

I havent been here long. As a matter of fact, I
just got off the plane yesterday.
The matter was discussed some days ago.
Our firm does a lot of business with overseas
customers.
How is business at the moment?
Cheap imports are damaging our business.
Companies risk losing business if they dont
accept the Euro.

54: - No
"" is Russian for 'no'
.
.

.
? ,
. .
,
.

There is no milk in the jug.

There are no pockets in these trousers.
Theres absolutely no reason to get up early
tomorrow morning.
Do you want another cup of coffee? No,
thanks. Ive had enough.
Im sorry, but I have to say no this time.

 , .

I have no money to go to the cinema.

55: - Her
"" is the possessive pronoun for the feminine third person. It means 'her'.

.
.
.
.
.
.

This is her house.

Her strength was exhausted.
Her sister teaches them to read.
Bring her daughter at eleven.
This is her only brother.
Her husband is a policeman.
Her mother is too young.

56: - Very
"" is Russian for 'very'
.

The situation is very serious.

We're very, very sorry about what's
, , .
happened.
,
Think about it very carefully before
.
deciding.
.
It was a very good film.
.
The building looks very old.
, , ?
I think hes very handsome, dont you?
.
That was very kind of you.

57: - Large, Big

"" is Russian for 'Large' or 'Big'.
.
.

He wants a big apple.

We need a larger car.
The house had an exceptionally large
.
garden.

On our way to the station we were joined by
.
a large group of young people.
,
I was grateful to have been given a room
.
with a large window.
, .
The room is light as the windows are large.

58: - New
"" is Russian for 'New'
.

Last night I saw a new movie.

Smiths have bought a new house.

They are going to build a new
.
office here.
?
What's new in the fashion world?
We have to invest in new
,
technology if we are to remain
.
competitive.
Have you seen my new car? I
? .
bought it yesterday.

59: - Become, Begin to

is an interesting Russian verb because it mostly used in the perfective. Commonly in
the past tense. It can have varying meaning in Russian and is sometimes hard to translate, but
it's main meaning is 'became'. (View Conjugations) is commonly followed by the
instrumental case or an adjective indicating the state of something.
.
.

.
.
.

We became friends.
They will become teachers.
He became a teacher at eighteen years of age.
Dimitri will become a business man.
It became stuffy.
The night became cold.

"" can also mean 'begin'. Much like the verb "". In many cases the are ""
and "" interchangeable. However there are some differences. "" is only used in
the perfective, so it is not used in the present tense. Using "" may infer that the action is
an ongoing one and will likely continue without change. "" on the other hand may
infer the action will develop into something. Here are some examples of using both words
"" and "".
c .
She began to read a book.
, The meeting began promisingly, but then
.
things started to go wrong.

It all began on one stormy night in May 1998.
1998 .
?
What time does the concert begin?

60: - Work
"" is Russian for 'work'. It is a noun. The verb "" (to work) is word 83.
.
.
.
.
?

Farmers start work at dawn.

She has a hard work.
The work was not applied.
The work was done badly.
Who is the right man for this work?
He spends too much time on this kind of

work.

61: - Now
"" is Russian for 'now'.
,
.
, !
,
.
? - .
?
?

She used to be a teacher, but now she

works in publishing.
I don't want to wait until tomorrow, I
want it now!
Shes been very ill, but shes much
better now.
Can I ask you a question? Not now
Im busy.
And what is he doing now?
Where is your brother now?

62: - Time
"" is Russian for 'time'.

How much time do you usually spend on
?
this kind of work?
. I didnt have time to ask all my questions.
,
I couldnt do it last week, I had no time.
.
,
I had very little time, and I had to take a
.
taxi.

Ive got a little free time today.
.
,
A lot of people are listening to the music
.
and they are really having a good time.

He reads all the time and does not like to
.
watch TV.

63: - Person
"" is Russian for 'person'. The plural is "" (people) (word 76).
$ 70
.

A meal at the restaurant costs about $70 for

two persons.
Four persons have been charged with the
.
murder.
.
She's an extremely kind person.
20
Room costed 20 per person.
.
.
This person hate camping.
, I wanted to get to know him as a person, not

just as my teacher.

It is also worth noting that the phrase " " means 'young man' and is
commonly used to address men

64: - Go (on foot)

"" is Russian for 'go'. It implies to go somewhere by walking. Refer Verbs of Motion.
(View Conjugations)
?
.
,
.
,
.
.

Are you ready to go to lunch yet?

We decided to go for a walk round the
neighborhood.
The situation being urgent, we had to go
ahead.
If you've done your homework, you can
go for a walk.
I had to go to the hospital to visit aunt.

65: - If
"" is Russian for 'if'.
There are plenty of taxis here if youre in a
hurry.
, If you really want to know, Im tired of
.
this stupid job.
100 C,
If water is heated to 100C it turns to
.
steam.
If I don't get enough sleep I get a
, .
headache.
, Are you planning to return to work, and if
, ?
so, who is going to look after the baby?
,
We are ready to fight for our rights if
.
necessary.
, .

66: () - Two
"" is Russian for the number 2.
.
,
.
.
.

.
,

He has two friends.

Exercise two is as difficult as exercise
three.
There are two mistakes on the blackboard.
I lived in Europe two years ago.
She has already been studying Spanish for
two years.
Mike told the teacher that his sister knew

two foreign languages.

67: - My
"" is Russian for 'my'.
.

From my seat I can see the sun.

My Friend Petr and I love the music
.
of Tchaikovsky.
She was rather surprised at my
.
asking.
, . I want you to meet my parents.
, I didnt have my own room till my
.
sister left for college.
My house is very beautiful, and I'm
, .
proud of it.
,
Jack is the mechanic who fixed my
.
car.

68: - Life
"" is Russian for 'life'.
?
.
,
.
.
.
.

Does living in the country make you

healthy?
She devoted her life to helping others.
I knew a man who had travelled very
much in his life.
Very little is known about the life of
William.
That stranger saved my father's life.
Those were the happiest days in her
life.

69: - Until
"" is Russian for 'until'.

1999 .
.

.
?
, .

70: - Where

I was employed by a manufacturing

company until 1999.
They didnt see each other until the
autumn.
Let's postpone the trip to the country until
next Saturday.
an you wait until morning?
Tom had come home until midnight.

"" is Russian for 'where'.

Where have you bought the clothes you are
wearing?
Where were you during that heavy shower
?
yesterday?
?
Wheres your daughter?
?
Where do you learn?
, .
Here is the house where he lives.
, He asked her where she usually spent her
.
summer holidays.
, ?

71: - Every, each

"" is Russian for 'every'.
.
?
.
.

.
,
, .

We read newspapers every day.

Do they go to the office every morning?
I dont read every evening.
He gives the cat milk every day.
Each of the companies supports a local
charity.
We each wanted the bedroom with the
balcony, so we tossed a coin to decide.
Each request will be given careful
.
consideration.
?
Where each of these students learn?

72: - Most
"" is Russian for 'most'.
, .
.

.

.
.
,
.

73: - Want
"" is Russian for 'want'.

Joanne is the most intelligent person I

know.
It was a most beautiful morning.
Zurich is Switzerlands most important
city.
Even the most carefully prepared plans
sometimes go wrong.
I am the tallest in class.
I think it was the most interesting of
Granny's stories.

 ,
.
?
,
.
,
.
.
.
?

I wanted to say how much I enjoyed your

singing.
What do you want to eat?
The teacher wanted the pupils to learn the
rule.
I want you to write a letter to your
grandmother.
I want some chocolate.
All I want is the truth.
Do you want a cup of coffee?

74: - Here
"" is Russian for 'here'. Refer also: "" (word 31)
, , -
.
.
.
, , .
.
.
.

The woman who walks here is my

fathers sister.
He cannot stop here.
You can park the car here.
Dont take any books from here, please.
Two more apartment houses are to be
built here.
He must be still here.
We like to walk here every evening.

75: - Must, necessary

"" is Russian for 'must'.
.
I must get some sleep.

You mustn't show this letter to anyone else.
-.
.
You must answer all the questions.
Is it necessary for all of us to be present at
?
the meeting this afternoon?
, , . Just do what's necessary and then leave.
It was necessary for all students to register
.
a week in advance.

76: - People
"" is Russian for 'people'.
,
.

.

I saw many people wearing dark glasses.

Some people have strange habits.

 ,
.
, ?
,
, .
, ?

There were many people who looked tired.

Do all people think there is God?
These people, whom I have known for a long
time, were fired yesterday.
Who are these people you are looking at?

77: - Now
"" is Russian for 'now'.
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
.

Now they are sitting in the drawing room

and talking about them.
Winter has come, and now we can often go
to the skating rink again.
Now you can go.
Now, when Mary became an adult, she can
go to the disco.
Coat, which I bought last year, is too little
for me now.

78: - House
"" is Russian for 'House'.
.
, ,
.

.
.
.
,
.

.

The house stands off the main road.

The house we have built is not very high.
The lightning damage our house last week.
The house is near the church.
He left the house in a hurry.
All the people living in this house are
students.
The boy running past the house suddenly
stopped.

79: - Go (on foot)

"" is Russian for 'Go'. It is the perfective of "". It implies to go somewhere by
walking. Refer Verbs of Motion. (View Conjugations)
.
.
,
.
,

They went for a walk round the

neighbourhood.
We went into the house.
When I was young, we went to church
every Sunday.
He asked me whether I went to see my

.
,
.
.

friends.
Wearing a coat, he went to look at cars
passing by.
Tom went up to the laughing girl.

80: - Once, times

"" is used when explaining how many times something happened. Russians also usually
use it as the number one when they are counting ", , ..."
.
,
.
,
.
.

.
.

Cathys only been to visit us once.

Im only going to say this once, so
listen carefully.
We met just the once, but I still
remember him very clearly.
This month we saw each other three
times.
Three times a year, Sam goes on a
business trip in Europe.
Over a life time, I went to the sea five
times.

81: - Day
"" is Russian for 'Day'.
.
.
, ,
.
.
.
,
.

It was the happiest day of their lives.

You have looked tired all day.
the day they married was incredibly hot.
Saturday was a windy day.
We went West on that foggy day.
Every day we read texts, do exercises and
write new words in our exercise-books.

82: - Or
"" is Russian for 'or'.
Which do you want, a book or
magazine?
?
Are these pens or are they pencils?

You can pay now or when you come
, .
back to pick up the paint.
- Did she go to the St.Petersburg or to
?
Moscow last week?

They spent an hour or so searching for
.
the missing file.
, ?

 - , ,
?
, , .

Which colour do you want red, green,

yellow, or blue?
Hes probably at lunch or in a meeting.

83: - Work
"" is the Russian verb for 'work'. (View Conjugations)
.
.
.
.
.
,
.

It is time worked a little harder.

She has worked at the office for five
years.
We always have to work on our knees.
He is working fast.
Rip had no desire to work on his farm.
The professor wants me to work more at
my report.

84: - Town, city

"" is Russian for 'town' or 'city'.
9 .
-
.
, ,
, .
,
.
.

This town was built in 9th century.

I have lived in St. Petersburg for many
years and know the city very well.
It is an exciting city to visit, but a very
expensive place to live.
He was born in the small town of
Castleford, in Yorkshire.
We stayed in the best hotel in town.
Mountains overlook the town on three
.
sides.
Many of the world's cities have
5 . .
populations of more than 5 million.
- .
Wellington is the city in New Zealand.

85: - There
"" is Russian for 'there'.
.
, .
,
.
.
.

86: - Word

Put the chair there.

There's that book you were looking for.
Theyre going to Hawaii, and they plan to
stay there until the end of March.
I was there last year.
We met there last time.

"" is the Russian noun meaning 'word'.

,
.
,
, .
,
.
?

Some words are more difficult to spell than

others.
It's sometimes difficult to find exactly the
right word to express what you want to say.
The first word that many babies speak is
Mama.
Can you read the words on this page?
I was remembering the words of my old
.
friend.
I can sing this song, but I dont know the
, .
words.

Let me say a word on the subject of security.
.

87: - Eye
"" is Russian for 'eye'.
.
.
.

.
,
.
.

The cat's eyes are green.

He has no sight in his left eye.
He closed his eyes and went to sleep.
These bacteria are invisible to our eyes.
When we met for the first time, we
couldnt take our eyes off each other.
It happened right in front of my eyes.

88: - Then, next

"" is Russian for 'then' or 'next'.
, .
,
.
,
.
.
, .
.
.

89: - See
"" is the Russian for 'see'. (View Conjugations)

He poured himself some tea and then

sat in the chair.
Every day they go to the gym, and
then to the pool.
They were best friends, but then they
had a falling out.
I am busy now and next too.
I knew exactly what was going to
happen next.
First, peel the fruit. Next, prepare a
chocolate sauce.

 , .
,
.
,
.
, ?

.

.

Turn the light on so I can see.

From the window we could see the
children playing in the yard.
She laughed when she saw the expression
on his face.
Did you see who it was?
She cant see a thing without her contact
lenses.
We saw Hamlet at the National Theatre last
week.

90: - Their
"" is Russian for 'their'.
.
.
.
,
.


.
, .

Their son reads our books.

Their house had twenty windows.
He gave them their coats.
The workers are afraid that they will lose
their jobs.
She has made a study of chemical
fertilizers and their effect on the
environment.
Their mother said that their father was
sleeping.

91: - Under
"" is Russian for 'under'.
.
.

He hid under the bed.

She was holding a file under her arm.
They stood under a tree to avoid
, .
getting wet.
What are you kids doing under the
.
table?
The ship came under attack from
.
enemy aircraft.
, Police claim the situation is now under
.
control.

92: - Even
"" is Russian for 'even'. (It is not the opposite of 'odd')
, .
-
, .

I don't even know where it is.

It's a very difficult job - it might even
take a year to finish it.

 , .
.
.
, ,
.

It always feels cold in this room, even in

summer.
Even the dog refused to eat it.
They didnt even offer me a cup of tea.
Even now, after all these years, he cannot
mention her name without crying.

93: - Think
"" is Russian for 'think'. (View Conjugations)
, ?
, .
, .
,
.
, .
, .

Do you think he has been punished

enough?
I think Im too tired now.
She thinks boxing is as dangerous as
wrestling.
I think our English teacher was very
patient.
He thought that his friends worked
together.
Did you think it was a good idea?

94: - Good, well

"" is Russian for 'good'.
.
-.
?

Lena is a very good student.

He speaks German well.
Do you know him well?
There is a good Italian restaurant
.
nearby.
Did you have a good time at the
?
party?

The weather has been really good for
.
the time of year.
, The concert was well enough
.
advertised but ticket sales were poor.

95: - It is possible
"" is Russian for 'it is possible' or 'can'.
?
-
.
,
.

Is it possible to buy tickets in advance?

I can't get it all done by Friday - it's just not
possible.
It is possible to see as far as Corsica on a
clear day.

 ,
.

It is perfectly possible that humans can live

on other planets.
Is it possible to have a look at your
newspaper?

96: - Here
"" is Russian for 'here'.
.
?
?
, ,
.
.

I've lived here for about two years.

Is there a bank near here?
How long has Tom lived here?
Yesterday, right here, at this point, I saw a
deer.
It's very beautiful nature here.

97: - Thousand
"" is Russian for 'thousand'.
, , These old legends must have been composed
.
about a thousand years ago.
This meeting was attended by thousands of
.
people.
The population of this small town is about one
.
thousand people.

I spent twenty thousand dollars to buy a new
.
car.
The temperature of the sun is about several
.
thousand degrees.

98: - Whether
"" is Russian for 'whether'.
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
, ,
.

They asked us whether we would get

married
There is some doubt as to whether the
illness is infectious.
She asked me whether I was interested in
working for her.
I was merely questioning whether we
have the money to fund such a project.
It all depends on whether or not she's got
the time.
Anyway, it's a good story, whether or not
it's true.

99: - Water
"" is Russian for 'water'.
.
.
.
.
- .
?

She set the flowers in water.

The lake is our main source of water.
The water has frozen.
Many cats dont like water.
I see something in the water.
Do you want tea or water?

100: () - Nothing
'' means 'nothing'. This word declines like the word ''. Like most negatives in
Russian the genitive case is commonly used, so the form '' is most common.

There is nothing to eat.

There's nothing in the drawer - I took
- .
everything out.
There was nothing in the room except for a
, .
mattress.
,
She waited and watched, but nothing
.
happened.
.
I saw nothing strange in the situation.
The kids complain that theres nothing to do
, .
there.
Some of them had had nothing to eat for
.
three days.
, I know nothing at all about looking after
.
babies.
The word '' is commonly used in spoken Russian to indicate that there is no point, or
not to worry.

There is no point

When '' is used with a preposition the word is split into two. (This also occurs with
'/')
.

I am not thinking about anything.

Conclusion
Wow! That is our biggest Russian lesson to date. These are Russian's 100 most used words.
There are well over 750 examples. Many of these examples are quite complex, but you don't
have to learn them all. It just provides you with the opportunity to learn Russian in context. It
will also help you passively learn more Russian vocabulary.

Word List - List of the 100 most used words in Russian.

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