m7 ch7 Solutions Final

CHAPTER 7 Exponents
Get Ready
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 1
a) 1 8 = 8, 2 4 = 8, 4 2 = 8, 8 1 = 8
The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, and 8.
b) 1 17 = 17, 17 1 = 17
The factors of 17 are 1 and 17.
c)
1 24 = 24, 2 12 = 24, 3 8 = 24, 4 6 = 24, 6 4 = 24, 8 3 = 24, 12 2 = 24, 24 1 = 24

The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24.
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 2
Divide the numbers by 2 to see if it 2 a factor. If it is, it will divide evenly.

100 2 = 50, 301 2 = 150.5, 456 2 = 228, 294 2 = 147, 279 2 = 139.5, 193 2 = 96.5
100, 456, and 294 have 2 as a factor.
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 3
a) 4 1 = 4, 4 2 = 8, 4 3 = 12, 4 4 = 16
The first four multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, and 16.
b) 8 1 = 8, 8 2 = 16, 8 3 = 24, 8 4 = 32
c)
6 1 = 6, 6 2 = 12, 6 3 = 18, 6 4 = 24
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 4
a) 10 1 = 10, 10 2 = 20, 10 3 = 30
The first three multiples of 10 are 10, 20, and 30.
b) 12 1 = 12, 12 2 = 24, 12 3 = 36
c)
20 1 = 20, 20 2 = 40, 20 3 = 60
MHR Chapter 7
349
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 5
a) 13 < 14
b) 13.6 > 13.5
c)
8 3 = 24, 2 12 = 24
24 = 24
8 3 = 2 12
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 6
a) Use systematic trial.

5 + 7 = 12, so 5 is the missing number.
b) Use systematic trial.
9 6 = 3, so 6 is the missing number.
c)
Use systematic trial.

d) Use systematic trial.

Get Ready
Page 209
Question 7
a) You are converting to a smaller unit, so you multiply.

2 km = 2 1000 m
= 2000 m
2 km is equivalent to 2000 m.
b) You are converting to a larger unit, so you divide.
2000 mm = 2000 1000 m
=2m
2000 mm is equivalent to 2 m.
c)
You are converting to a smaller unit, so you multiply.

30 cm = 30 10 mm
= 300 mm
30 cm is equivalent to 300 mm.
350 MHR Chapter 7
Get Ready
Page 209
Question 8
a) You are converting to a larger unit, so you divide.

200 m = 200 1000 km
= 0.2 km
200 m is equivalent to 0.2 km.

b) You are converting to a larger unit, so you divide.
550 cm = 550 100 m
= 5.5 m
550 cm is equivalent to 5.5 m.

c)
You are converting to a smaller unit, so you multiply.

0.5 m = 0.5 1000 mm
= 500 mm
0.5 m is equivalent to 500 mm.

Get Ready
Page 209
Question 9
A = ss
A = 88
A = 64
The area of the square is 64 m2.

Get Ready
Page 209
Question 10
A = ss
A = 1.5 1.5
A = 2.25
The area of the square is 2.25 cm2.

Get Ready
V
V
V
V
Page 209
Question 11
= l l l
= 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
The volume of the cube is 27 cm3.
MHR Chapter 7
351
Get Ready
V
V
V
V
Page 209
Question 12
= l l l
= 4 4 4
= 16 4
= 64
The volume of the cube is 64 m3.
352 MHR Chapter 7
7.1 Understand Exponents

Section 7.1
Page 212
Question 1
Exponents can be thought of as a form of shorthand because you are simplifying a multiplication question.
For example, 3 3 = 9 is more complicated and longer than 32 = 9.
Section 7.1
Page 212
Question 2
A = s2
A = 42
The area of the square is 42 cm2.

Section 7.1
Page 212
Question 3
Since 23 represents the volume of a 2 2 2 cube, you can think of it as the number 2 cubed.
Section 7.1
a)
Page 212
Question 4
A = s2
A = 22
A = 2 2
A=4
The area of the square is 4 square units.

b)
A = s2
A = 102
A = 10 10
A = 100
MHR Chapter 7
353
Section 7.1
a)
Page 212
Question 5
A = s2
A = 62
A = 6 6
A = 36

b)
A = s2
A = 122
A = 12 12
A = 144

c)
A = s2
A = 112
A = 11 11
A = 121

Section 7.1
a)
V
V
V
V
V
Page 212
Question 6
= l3
= 73
= 777
= 49 7
= 343
The volume of the cube is 343 cubic units.

b) V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 103
= 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000
354 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.1
a)
V
V
V
V
V
Page 212
Question 7
= l3
= 53
= 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125

b) V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 123
= 12 12 12
= 144 12
= 1728

c)
V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 203
= 20 20 20
= 400 20
= 8000

Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 8
a) There are two 13s, so the exponent is 2.

13 13 = 132
b) There are three 25s, so the exponent is 3.
25 25 25 = 253
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 9
a) The exponent is 2, so there are two 9s.

92 = 9 9
b) The exponent is 3, so there are three 7s.
73 = 7 7 7
c)
The exponent is 3, so there are three 12s.

123 = 12 12 12
MHR Chapter 7
355
Section 7.1
a)
Page 213
Question 10
23 = 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
Since 8 < 27, 23 < 33.

b)
43 = 4 4 4
= 4 16
= 64
42 = 4 4
= 16
Since 16 < 64, 42 < 43 .

c)
53 = 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
102 = 10 10
= 100
Since 125 > 100, 53 > 102.

d) 12 = 1 1
=1
13 = 1 1 1
= 1 1
=1
Since 1 = 1, 12 = 13.
356 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.1
Page 213
a)
1.32 = 1.3 1.3

= 1.69
b)
2.42 = 2.4 2.4

= 5.76
c)
4.12 = 4.1 4.1

= 16.81
Question 11
d) 1.23 = 1.2 1.2 1.2

= 1.44 1.2
= 1.728
e)
3.23 = 3.2 3.2 3.2

= 10.24 3.2
= 32.768
f)
2.53 = 2.5 2.5 2.5

= 6.25 2.5
= 15.625
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 12
23 does not equal 2 3.

23 is the same as 2 2 2 = 8, while 2 3 = 6.
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 13
10 10 10 = 100 10
= 1000
202 = 20 20
= 400
83 = 8 8 8
= 64 8
= 512
25 25 = 625
In order from greatest to least is: 1000 > 625 > 512 > 400.
The original list sorted from greatest to least is: 10 10 10 > 25 25 > 83 > 202.
MHR Chapter 7
357
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 14
A = s2
A = 1052
A = 105 105
A = 11 025
The area of the base of the pyramid of Menkaure is

11 025 m2.
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 15
Answers may vary. To find the area of an object, find how many squares with a side length of
1 unit make up the object. For example, a 5 cm 6 cm rectangle has an area of 5 6 = 30 cm2. This is the
same as saying that thirty 1 cm side-length squares make up the object. Since a square with a side length of
1 cm has an area of 1 cm2, it take 30 squares with an area of 1 cm2 to cover the object. This is the same as
30 1 cm2 = 30 cm2.
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 16
There are 12 edges to a cube. If the total length is 36 cm, each edge has a length of 36 12 = 3 cm.
V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 33
= 3 3 3
= 93
= 27

Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 17
The object is made up of 6 equal-sized squares. The perimeter of the object is

made up of 12 side lengths. If the perimeter is 48 cm, each side length has a
length of 48 12 = 4 cm.
Find the area of one square.
A = s2
A = 42
A = 4 4
A = 16
The area of one square is 16 cm2.

Since there are 6 squares, the area of the object is 16 6 = 96 cm2.
358 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 18
a) Diagrams may vary. The area of a square

measuring 2 units on a side is 4. The area
of a square measuring 4 units on a side is
16.
b) Answers may vary. Think of square numbers first. Then, use their factors.
For example:
32 = 3 3
=9
2
4 = 4 4
= 16
52 = 5 5
= 25
2
6 = 6 6
= 36
72 = 7 7
= 49
2
8 = 88
= 64
Factors of 9:
Factors of 16:
Factors of 25:
Factors of 36:
Factors of 49:
Factors of 64:
1, 3, 9
1, 2, 4, 8, 16
1, 5, 25
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
1, 7, 49
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
Use trial and error with the square numbers to find pairs that work.
c)
18 2 = 36
= 62
and
18 2 = 9
= 32
12 3 = 36
= 62
and
12 3 = 4
= 22
32 2 = 64
= 82
and
32 2 = 16
= 42
In every case, the lower square number is a factor of the larger square number (or the larger square
number is a multiple of the lower square number).
For example: 4 4 = 16, 9 4 = 36, 4 9 = 36, and 16 4 = 64.
MHR Chapter 7
359
Section 7.1
a)
Page 213
Question 19
13 = 1 1 1
= 1 1
= 12
13 + 23 = 1 + 23
= 1+ 2 2 2
= 1+ 4 2
= 1+ 8
=9
= 32
13 + 23 + 33 = 1 + 8 + 33
= 1+ 8 + 3 3 3
= 1+ 8 + 9 3
= 1 + 8 + 27
= 36
= 62
Look at the base number in each square number.

You have the list 1, 3, 6.
The pattern is 1, 1 + 2, 1 + 2 + 3 = 1, 3, 6.
To get the base number on the right hand side, add up the base numbers on the left hand side of the
equal sign. For each new row on the left hand side, you add the cube of the next natural number in the
sequence 1, 2, 3, ....
Row 4:
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4)2
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 = 102
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)2
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 = 152
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + 63 = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6)2
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + 63 = 212
360 MHR Chapter 7
b)
32 12 = 3 3 1 1
= 9 1
=8
= 23
62 32 = 6 6 3 3
= 36 9
= 27
= 33
102 62 = 10 10 6 6
= 100 36
= 64
= 43
Subtract the base numbers on the left hand side.

In the first row, subtract 3 1 = 2.
In the second row, subtract 6 3 = 3.
In the third row, subtract 10 6 = 4.
From these subtractions, you have the list 2, 3, 4.
Start with the first row: 32 12 = 23 .
For each additional row, increase the base on the right hand side by 1. For row 2: 2 2 = 33.
On the left side, the second base is the same as the first from the previous row: 2 32 = 33.
For the first base on the left hand side, add the two bases: 62 32 = 33.
For the third row, the base on the right side is 4: 2 2 = 43.
On the left, the second base is 6: 2 62 = 43.
Add the 6 and the 4 to obtain the first base: 102 62 = 43.
Row 4:
152 102 = 53
Row 5:
212 152 = 63
Row 6:
282 212 = 73
MHR Chapter 7
361
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 20
a) Answers may vary. For example, if you add two consecutive triangular
numbers, such as 1 and 3, 3 and 6, or 6 and 10, you will have a square
number.
Use systematic trial:
1 and 3: 1 + 3 = 4
= 2 2
= 22
3 and 6: 3 + 6 = 9
= 3 3
= 32
6 and 10: 6 + 10 = 16
= 4 4
= 42
b) Answers may vary.
362 MHR Chapter 7
7.2 Represent and Evaluate Square Roots

Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 1
Method 1: Use Systematic Trial

The side length is the square root of the area. The side length is 4.
4 4 = 16
16 = 4
Method 2: Use a Diagram
There are four small squares for each side, so the side length is 4.
A = s2
A = 42
A = 4 4
A = 16

Since the area is 4 4 = 16, the square shows that
Section 7.2
Page 216
16 = 4 .
Question 2
You can form a square with area 36 cm2.

A = s2
A = 62
A = 6 6
A = 36
To have this area, a square must have a side length of 6 cm.

Since the area is 6 6 = 36, the square shows that
Section 7.2
Page 216
36 = 6 .
Question 3

Try the natural number 5.
Too low.
5 5 = 25
Try 7.
7 7 = 49
Correct!
So
49 = 7 .
The square root of 49 is a natural number, 7.

So, 49 is a perfect square.
MHR Chapter 7
363
Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 4
Yes you can.

2 2 = 4
Too low.
Try 3.
Too high.
3 3 = 9
Try 2.5.
2.5 2.5 = 6.25 Correct!
So
6.25 = 2.5 .
Method 2: Use a Calculator

Enter 6.25 and press the x key. This key may differ from calculator to calculator.
Your answer should be 2.5.
Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 5
a) There are three small squares for each side, so the side length is 3.
b) There are five small squares for each side, so the side length is 5.
364 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 6
a) The side length is the square root of the area.

5 5 = 25
25 = 5
The side length is 5 m.
b) The side length is the square root of the area.
7 7 = 49
49 = 7
The side length is 7 cm.
c)
The side length is the square root of the area.

10 10 = 100
100 = 10
The side length is 10 km.
d) The side length is the square root of the area.

3 3 = 9
9 =3
The side length is 3 m.
Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 7

x = 1.3
The side length is 1.3 cm.
x = 3.5
The side length is 3.5 m.
c)

x = 0.2
The side length is 0.2 mm.
d) The side length is the square root of the area.

x = 1.4
The side length is 1.4 cm.
MHR Chapter 7
365
Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 8
a) Use systematic trial:

5 5 = 25 Too high.
Try 4.
4 4 = 16 Correct!
So,
16 = 4 .

16 is a perfect square.
b) Use systematic trial:
5 5 = 25 Too high.
Try 4.
4 4 = 16 Too low.
Since 24 is between 16 and 25, the square root of 24 is between 4 and 5.
24 is not a perfect square.
c)

7 7 = 49 Too low.
Try 8.
8 8 = 64 Too high.
d) Use systematic trial:

Correct!
15 15 = 225
So,
225 = 15 .

Section 7.2
Page 216
a) 8 8 = 64
64 = 8
b) 12 12 = 144
144 = 12
c)
20 20 = 400
400 = 20
366 MHR Chapter 7
Question 9
Section 7.2
Page 216
a)
625 = 25
b)
441 = 21
c)
10 000 = 100
Section 7.2
Page 216
a)
1.44 = 1.2
b)
2.25 = 1.5
c)
5.76 = 2.4
d)
0.25 = 0.5
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 10
Question 11
Question 12
Method 1: Use Side Lengths

The side length is 10 units.
A = s2
A = 102
A = 10 10
A = 100
The area of the game board is 100 square units.

So, 100 = 10 .
Method 2: Use Area
There are 100 little squares on the game board, so the area of the board is 100 square units.
10 10 = 100
100 = 10
MHR Chapter 7
367
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 13
a) Method 1: Find the Square Root

[C] 81 [ x ]
9.
Method 2: Find the Square Number

[C] 9 [ ] 9 [=]
or
[C] 9 [yx] 2 [=]
or
9 [x2]
81.
81.
81.
The order that you press the buttons may change depending on the calculator you use.
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 14

40 40 = 1600 Too high.
Try 39.
39 39 = 1521 Too high.
Try 38.
38 38 = 1444 Correct!
So,
1444 = 38 .

[C] 1444 [ x ]
38.
368 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 15

3 3 = 9
9 =3
The side length of the square is 3 m.
P = 4 s
P = 43
P = 12
The perimeter of the square is 12 m.

12 12 = 144
144 = 12
The side length of the square is 12 cm.
P = 4 s
P = 4 12
P = 48
The perimeter of the square is 48 cm.
MHR Chapter 7
369
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 16
Each face of the cube is a square. The side length of the square is the square root of the area.
6 6 = 36
36 = 6
The side length of each face is 6 cm. So, each edge of the cube has a length of 6 cm.
V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 63
= 6 6 6
= 36 6
= 216

Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 17
Method 1: Use the Square Numbers

6 6 = 36
36 = 6
7 7 = 49
49 = 7
If the numbers under the square root sign are between 36 and 49, then their square roots will be
between 6 and 7.
41, 38, and 45 are between 36 and 49. So,
41,

52 : [C] 52 [ x ] 7.211102551
7.211... > 7
41 : [C] 41 [ x ] 6.403124237
6 < 6.403... < 7

35 : [C] 35 [ x ] 5.916079783
5.916... < 6
38 : [C] 38 [ x ] 6.164414003
6 < 6.164... < 7

45 : [C] 45 [ x ] 6.708203933
6 < 6.708... < 7

So,
41,
38, and 45 are between 6 and 7.
370 MHR Chapter 7
38, and 45 are between 6 and 7.
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 18
There are 8 small squares along the side of the checkerboard.

A = s2
A = 82
A = 88
A = 64
There are 64 squares on the checkerboard.

Area of one small square = Total area number of small squares
= 576 64
=9
The area of a small square is 9 cm2.

3 3 = 9
9 =3
The side length of a small square is 3 cm.
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 19
a) The diagram is shown.

Picture:
10 10 = 100
100 = 10
The side length of the square picture is 10 cm.
Mat:
Try 20.
Too high.
20 20 = 400
Try 19.
Too high.
19 19 = 361
Try 18.
Correct!
18 18 = 324
So,
324 = 18 .
The side length of the square mat is 18 cm.

b) Answers will vary. For example, a computer disk is about 10 cm by 10 cm and a CD case is
almost 18 cm by 18 cm.
MHR Chapter 7
371
c)
By looking at the diagram, you can see that the side length of the mat minus the side length of the
picture will give you two border widths.
Width of border = (side length of mat side length of picture) 2
= (18 10) 2
= 82
=4
The width of the border around the picture is 4 cm.

Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 20

5 5 = 25
25 = 5
The side length of the square deck is 5 m.
P = 4 s
P = 45
P = 20
The perimeter of the square deck is 20 m.

Cost = Price per metre Perimeter
= 120 20
= 2400
It will cost Tamar $2400 to build a fence around her deck.

Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 21
a) Use systematic trial.

Try 3.
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
Correct!
So, 3 is the cube root of 27.

b) Use systematic trial.
Try 5.
53 = 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
Correct!
So, 5 is the cube root of 125.
372 MHR Chapter 7
c)

Try 10.
103 = 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000
Try 100.
1003 = 100 100 100
= 10 000 100
= 1 000 000
Too low.
Correct!
So, 100 is the cube root of 1 000 000.

Making Connections
Answers may vary.
For example, in basketball, the backboard of the net has a square painted on so that
players can aim their shot.
MHR Chapter 7
373
7.3 Understand the Use of Exponents

Section 7.3
Page 220
a) [C] 6 [yx] 4 [=]
Question 1
1296.
Calculators vary. The order in which you press the buttons may be different, depending on the
calculator you use.
b)
64 = 6 6 6 6
= 36 6 6
= 216 6
= 1296
Section 7.3
Page 220
Question 2
Rachel is multiplying 10 3 = 30.

Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
103 = 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000

[C] 10 [yx] 3 [=]
Section 7.3
1000.
Page 220
Question 3
Answers may vary. For example, you could use systematic trial.
Try 53.
53 = 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
Try 54.
54 = 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5
= 125 5
= 625
Too low.
Correct!
So, 625 = 54.
374 MHR Chapter 7

Try 53.
[C] 5 [yx] 3 [=]
Try 54.
[C] 5 [yx] 4 [=]
125.
Too low.
625.
Correct!
So, 625 = 54.

Section 7.3
Page 220
Question 4
David is not correct. 34 is a power of 3, not 4. Powers are described according to the value of the base.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 5
a) The base is 2 and the exponent is 4.

b) The base is 1 and the exponent is 6.
c)
The base is 4 and the exponent is 3.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 6
a) Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil

41 = 4
[C] 4 [yx] 1 [=]
4.
b) Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil

33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27

[C] 3 [yx] 3 [=]
c)
27.

54 = 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5
= 125 5
= 625

[C] 5 [yx] 4 [=]
625.
MHR Chapter 7
375
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 7

25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32

[C] 2 [yx] 5 [=]
32.

17 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=1

[C] 1 [yx] 7 [=]
c)
1.

63 = 6 6 6
= 36 6
= 216

[C] 6 [yx] 3 [=]
Section 7.3
Page 221
216.
Question 8
a) There are five 5s, so the exponent is 5.

5 5 5 5 5 = 55
b) There are seven 11s, so the exponent is 7.
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 = 117
c)
There are six 100s, so the exponent is 6.

100 100 100 100 100 100 = 1006
376 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 9
a) There are six 4s, so the exponent is 6.

4 4 4 4 4 4 = 46
9 9 9 = 93
c)
There are eight 2s, so the exponent is 8.

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 28
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 10
a) The base is 4 and the exponent is 5.

The power is four to the fifth or four to the exponent five or the fifth power of four.
b) The base is 8 and the exponent is 3.
The power is eight to the third or eight to the exponent three or the third power of eight.
c)
The base is 2 and the exponent is 8.

The power is two to the eighth or two to the exponent eight or the eighth power of two.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 11
a) The power is three to the sixth, so the base is 3 and the exponent is 6.
You can write 36.
b) The power is five to the exponent four, so the base is 5 and the exponent is 4.
You can write 54.
c)
The power is the seventh power of 9, so the base is 9 and the exponent is 7.
You can write 97.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 12

33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32

[C] 3 [yx] 3 [=]
[C] 2 [yx] 5 [=]
27.
32.
Since 27 < 32, 33 < 25.
MHR Chapter 7
377

64 = 6 6 6 6
= 36 6 6
= 216 6
= 1296
103 = 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000

[C] 6 [yx] 4 [=]
[C] 10 [yx] 3 [=]
1296.
1000.
Since 1296 > 1000, 64 > 103.

c)

81 = 8
23 = 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8

[C] 8 [yx] 1 [=]
[C] 2 [yx] 3 [=]
8.
8.
Since 8 = 8, 81 = 23.
d) Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
54 = 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5
= 125 5
= 625
45 = 4 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4 4
= 64 4 4
= 256 4
= 1024

[C] 5 [yx] 4 [=]
[C] 4 [yx] 5 [=]
625.
1024.
Since 625 < 1024, 54 < 45.

Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 13
a) [C] 0.2 [yx] 5 [=]
0.00032
b) [C] 1.4 [yx] 4 [=]
3.8416
c)
[C] 0.3 [yx] 6 [=] 0.000729
378 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 14

Try 103.
103 = 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000
Correct!
So, 1000 = 103.

Try 103.
[C] 10 [yx] 3 [=]
1000.
Correct!
So, 1000 = 103.

Try 105.
105 = 10 10 10 10 10
= 100 10 10 10
= 1000 10 10
= 10 000 10
= 100 000
6
Try 10 .
106 = 10 10 10 10 10 10
= 100 10 10 10 10
= 1000 10 10 10
= 10 000 10 10
= 100 000 10
= 1 000 000
Too low.
Correct!
So, 1 000 000 = 106.

Try 105.
[C] 10 [yx] 5 [=] 100000.
Try 106.
[C] 10 [yx] 6 [=] 1000000.
Too low.
Correct!
So, 1 000 000 = 106.
MHR Chapter 7
379
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 15

Try 43.
43 = 4 4 4
= 16 4
= 64
Correct!
So, 64 = 43.
Try 43.
[C] 4 [yx] 3 [=]
64.
Correct!
So, 64 = 43.
Try 44.
44 = 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4
= 64 4
= 256
Correct!
So, 256 = 44.
Try 44.
[C] 4 [yx] 4 [=]
So, 256 = 44.
380 MHR Chapter 7
256.
Correct!
c)

Try 41.
41 = 4
Correct!
So, 4 = 41.
Try 41.
[C] 4 [yx] 1 [=]
4.
Correct!
So, 4 = 41.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 16

35 = 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3
= 27 3 3
= 81 3
= 243

[C] 3 [yx] 5 [=]
243.

Try 26.
26 = 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2
= 16 2 2
= 32 2
= 64
Correct!
So, 26 = 64.
Try 26.
[C] 2 [yx] 6 [=]
64.
Correct!
So, 26 = 64.
MHR Chapter 7
381
c)

Try 104.
104 = 10 10 10 10
= 100 10 10
= 1000 10
= 10 000
Try 84.
84 = 8 8 8 8
= 64 8 8
= 512 8
= 4096
Too high.
Correct!
So, 84 = 4096.
Try 104.
[C] 10 [yx] 4 [=]
Try 84.
[C] 8 [yx] 4 [=]
10000.
4096.
Too high.
Correct!
So, 84 = 4096.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 17

24 = 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2
= 8 2
= 16

Correct!
15 15 = 225
So,
225 = 15 .
118 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=1
181 = 18
382 MHR Chapter 7

[C] 2 [yx] 4 [=]
16.
[C] 225 [ x ]
15.
[C] 1 [yx] 18 [=]
1.
[C] 18 [yx] 1 [=]
18.
The numbers from greatest to least are: 19.5 > 18 > 17 > 16 > 15 > 1.
The original list should be arranged: 19.5 > 181 > 17 > 24 > 225 > 118.
Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 18
Every octopus has 8 arms. Since there are 16 octopi, there are 8 16 = 128 arms.
Since 2 is a small number that divides evenly into 128, try to use this as a base.
Try 25.
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
Try 27.
27 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2
= 32 2 2
= 64 2
= 128
Too low.
Correct!
So, 27 = 128.
Try 25.
[C] 2 [yx] 5 [=]
Try 27.
[C] 2 [yx] 7 [=]
32.
128.
Too low.
Correct!
So, 27 = 128.
The total number of arms on 16 octopi is 27 arms.
MHR Chapter 7
383
Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 19
a) When you multiply a number by 10, a trick is to just add a zero at the end of the number.
For example, 2 10 = 20.
To calculate 10100, you are just multiplying one hundred 10s together.
This is the same as multiplying the number 1 by one hundred 10s.
b)
You would need 100 zeros after the 1 to write a googol in standard form.
Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 20
Answers may vary.

Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 21
Powers of 3:
31 = 3
32 = 3 3
=9
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
34 = 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3
= 27 3
= 81
35 = 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3
= 27 3 3
= 81 3
= 243
Powers of 9:
91 = 9
92 = 9 9
= 81
93 = 9 9 9
= 81 9
= 729
81 and 729 can be written as a power of 3 and 9.

Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 22
a) Area of algae = Area of algae already in the pond Week number

1 week: Area of algae = 1 2
= 21
=2
After one week, the area of the algae will be 21 m2.
2 weeks: Area of algae = 2 2
= 22
=4
After two weeks, the area of the algae will be 22 m2.
= 2 2 2
= 23
=8
After three weeks, the area of the algae will be 23 m2.
384 MHR Chapter 7
36 = 3 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3 3
= 27 3 3 3
= 81 3 3
= 243 3
= 729
b) Method 1:
Express 32 as a power of 2.
Try 25.
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
Correct!
So, 32 = 25.
or
Try 25.
[C] 2 [yx] 5 [=]
= 32
This is correct, so 32 = 25.
If you look at your answers to part a), you can see that the area of algae for a week is just 2 to the
power of that week. So, since 32 = 25, it will take 5 weeks for the pond to be completely covered in
algae.
Method 2:
= 16
After 4 weeks, the area of the algae will be 16 m2.
= 32
After 5 weeks, the area of the algae will be 32 m2.
It will take 5 weeks for the pond to be completely covered in algae.
MHR Chapter 7
385
Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 23

Try 24.
24 = 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2
= 8 2
= 16
Correct!
So, 16 = 24.
Try 24.
[C] 2 [yx] 4 [=]
16.
Correct!
So, 16 = 24.
Try 42.
42 = 4 4
= 16
Correct!
So, 16 = 42.
Try 42.
[C] 4 [yx] 2 [=]
16.
Correct!
So, 16 = 42.
c)
Since 16 = 16, 16 = 161.
d) Answers may vary.

Powers of 2:
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
386 MHR Chapter 7
26 = 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2
= 16 2 2
= 32 2
= 64
27 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2
= 32 2 2
= 64 2
= 128
28 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2 2
= 32 2 2 2
= 64 2 2
= 128 2
= 256
Powers of 4:
43 = 4 4 4
= 16 4
= 64
44 = 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4
= 64 4
= 256
Powers of 16:
162 = 16 16
= 256
256 can be written as a power of 2, 4, and 16.

Section 7.3
Page 223
Question 24
Answers may vary.

Making Connections
Making Connections
a)
12 = 1 1
=1
Page 223
22 = 2 2
=4
Question 1
32 = 3 3
=9
42 = 4 4
= 16
52 = 5 5
= 25
b) Every time you increase the base, you increase the number of blocks or tiles. By subtracting the
number of blocks in columns next to each other, you will get this pattern.
41=3
94=5=3+2
16 9 = 7 = 3 + 2 + 2
25 16 = 9 = 3 + 2 + 2 + 2
The increase in the number of blocks in each column follows a pattern of consecutive odd numbers
starting at 3.
c)
No, you would not. The number of blocks or tiles would increase only by 1 each time.
11 = 1, 21 = 2, 31 = 3, 41 = 4, 51 = 5
Making Connections
Page 223
Question 2
a)
21 = 2
22 = 2 2
=4
23 = 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
24 = 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2
= 8 2
= 16
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
MHR Chapter 7
387
b) Every time you increase the exponent with a base of 2, you multiply the number of blocks by 2.
2 2 = 4
4 2 = 8
8 2 = 16
16 2 = 32
c)
You would not see the same kind of change in the size of the power using a base of 1.
With a base of 1, your answer will always be 1.
11 = 1
12 = 1 1
=1
388 MHR Chapter 7
13 = 1 1 1
=1
14 = 1 1 1 1
=1
15 = 1 1 1 1 1
=1
7.4 Fermi Problems

Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 1
Answers may vary. For example, Fermi problems are estimation problems where you must make
assumptions. Since estimations are not exact, all of these answers are correct, but they will have different
values.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 2
Answers may vary. For example, the students could compare both solutions to see how the values were
estimated. They could determine which estimate is more appropriate, and then conclude which answer is
best.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 3
Answers may vary. This answer will use the classroom size from Example 1.
Method 1: Use the Areas
By measuring a loonie, it is about 2.6 cm across.
You can assume that the area covered by a loonie is roughly the same as the area of a square with a side
length of 2.6 cm.
Approximate area of one loonie = s s

= 2.6 2.6
= 6.76
7
The approximate area of one loonie is 7 cm2.
Convert side lengths of the classroom floor to centimetres.
11 m = 11 100 cm
= 1100 cm
10 m = 10 100 cm
= 1000 cm
Area of floor = l w
= 1100 1000
= 1100 000
The area of the classroom floor is 1 100 000 cm2.

1100 000
7
= 157 142.8571
157 143
Number of loonies needed =
About 157 143 loonies are needed to cover the classroom floor.
MHR Chapter 7
389
Method 2: Solve a Simpler Problem
Use a 1 m by 1 m square.
The diameter of a loonie is about 2.6 cm.
Change the side length of the square to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of loonies that will fit along each side of the square.
100 2.6 = 38.4615...
38
About 38 loonies will fit along each side of the square.

Number of loonies inside the square = 38 38
= 1444
About 1444 loonies will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m square.
Area of classroom floor = l w

= 11 10
= 110
The classroom floor is 110 m2.
This area is 110 times the area of the 1 m by 1 m square.
The number of loonies needed to cover the classroom floor is 110 1444 = 158 840.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 4
Answers may vary. This answer will assume that a table tennis ball is 3 cm in diameter and the suitcase is
60 cm by 30 cm by 10 cm.
You can assume the volume of a table tennis ball is roughly the same as the volume of a cube with a side
length of 3 cm.
Approximate volume of one table tennis ball = l 3
= 33
= 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
The approximate volume of one table tennis ball is 27 cm3.
390 MHR Chapter 7
Volume of suitcase = l w h
= 60 30 10
= 1800 10
= 18 000
The volume of the suitcase is 18 000 cm3.
18 000
27
= 666.666...
667
Number of table tennis balls needed =
About 667 table tennis balls are needed to fill the suitcase.
Use a 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm cube.
The side length of the cube is 10 cm.
The diameter of a table tennis ball is about 3 cm.
Number of table tennis balls that will fit along each side of the cube.
10 3 = 3.333...
3.3
Round to 3.3 instead of 3 in this case because it improves the accuracy of our result.
About 3.3 table tennis balls will fit along each side of the cube.
Number of table tennis balls inside the cube = 3.3 3.3 3.3
= 36
About 36 table tennis balls will fit inside a 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm cube.
Volume of the 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm cube = l 3
= 103
= 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000
Volume of suitcase = l w h
= 60 30 10
= 1800 10
= 18 000
The volume of the suitcase is 18 000 cm3.

This volume is 18 times the volume of the 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm cube.
The number of table tennis balls needed to fill the suitcase is 18 36 = 648.
MHR Chapter 7
391
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 5
There are about 500 pages in the textbook. Counting the number of words on a sample page shows about
200 words per page. The total number of words can be estimated as 500 200 = 100 000.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 6
Answers may vary. This answer assumes that two of the classroom walls are 11 m by 5 m and the other
two are 10 m by 5 m. It also assumes that a CD case is 12.2 cm by 14 cm.
Approximate area of one CD case = l w

= 14 12.2
= 170.8
171
The approximate area of one CD case is 171 cm2.
Convert side lengths of the classroom walls to centimetres.
11 m = 11 100 cm
= 1100 cm
10 m = 10 100 cm
= 1000 cm
5 m = 5 100 cm
= 500 cm
Area of 11 m by 5 m wall = l w
= 1100 500
= 550 000
The area of the wall is 550 000 cm2.

= 1000 500
= 500 000
The area of the wall is 500 000 cm2.

Total area of all four walls = 550 000 + 500 000 + 550 000 + 500 000
= 2 100 000
The area of all four walls is 2 100 000 cm2.

2 100 000
171
= 12 280.7017...
12 281
Number of CD cases needed =
About 12 281 CD cases are needed to cover the wall.
392 MHR Chapter 7
A CD case is about 12.2 cm by 14 cm. This covers about the same area as a 13 cm by 13 cm square.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of CD cases that will fit along each side of the square:
100 13 = 7.692...
8
About 8 CD cases will fit along each side of the square.

Number of CD cases inside the square = 8 8
= 64
About 64 CD cases will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m square.

= 11 5
= 55
The area of the wall is 55 m2.
= 10 5
= 50
The area of the wall is 50 m2.
Total area of all four walls = 55 + 50 + 55 + 50
= 210
The area of all four walls is 210 m2.

The number of CD cases needed to cover the walls is about 210 64 = 13 440.
MHR Chapter 7
393
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 7
Answers may vary. This answer assumes that a CFL-sized field is about 60 m by 136 m, including the end
zones. This answer also assumes that the math textbooks are 20.5 cm by 24 cm. Finally, for this answer, the
textbooks will lie flat on the field and are not standing up on their spines.
Area of one textbook = l w

= 24 20.5
= 492
The area of one textbook is 492 cm2.
Convert side lengths of the football field to centimetres.
60 m = 60 100 cm
= 6000 cm
136 m = 136 100 cm

= 13 600 cm
Area of football field = l w
= 13 600 6000
= 81 600 000
The area of the football field is 81 600 000 cm2.

81 600 000
492
= 165 853.6585
165 854
Number of textbooks needed =
About 165 854 textbooks are needed to cover the football field.
A textbook is about 20.5 cm by 24 cm. This covers about the same area as a 22 cm by 22 cm square.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of textbooks that will fit along each side of the square:
100 22 = 4.545...
4.5
394 MHR Chapter 7
About 4.5 textbooks will fit along each side of the square. Use 4.5 instead of rounding up to 5 because
rounding 4.545 to 5 is a large jump and will greatly affect the final answer.
Number of textbooks inside the square = 4.5 4.5
= 20.25
20
About 20 textbooks will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m square.
Area of football field = l w
= 136 60
= 8160
The area of the football field is 8160 m2.
The number of textbooks needed to cover the walls is 8160 20 = 163 200.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 8
Answers may vary. This answer assumes that a tennis ball is 6.35 cm in diameter, and the classroom is the
same 11 m by 10 m by 5 m classroom from the answer to question 7.
You can assume the area covered by a tennis ball is roughly the same as the area of a cube with a side
length of 6.35 cm.
Approximate volume of one tennis ball = l 3
= 6.353
= 6.35 6.35 6.35
= 40.3225 6.35
= 256.047875
256
The approximate volume of one tennis ball is 256 cm3.
11 m = 11 100 cm
= 1100 cm
10 m = 10 100 cm
= 1000 cm
5 m = 5 100 cm
= 500 cm
MHR Chapter 7
395
Volume of the classroom = l w h

= 1100 1000 500
= 1100 000 500
= 550 000 000
The volume of the classroom is 550 000 000 cm3.

550 000 000
256
= 2 148 437.5
= 2 148 438
Number of tennis balls needed =
About 2 148 438 tennis balls are needed to fill the classroom.
Use a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
The side length of the cube is 1 m.
Change the side length of the cube to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of tennis balls that will fit along each side of the cube.
100 6.35 = 15.748...
16
About 16 tennis balls will fit along each side of the cube.
Number of tennis balls inside the cube = 16 16 16
= 256 16
= 4096
About 4096 tennis balls will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
Volume of classroom = l w h
= 11 10 5
= 110 5
= 550
The volume of the classroom is 550 m3.
This volume is 550 times the volume of the 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
So, the number of tennis balls needed to fill the classroom is about 550 4096 = 2 252 800.
396 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 9
Answers may vary. When a garbage bag is full, it forms a cube about 45 cm on a side.
Method 1: Use the Volumes
You can assume the area covered by a banana is roughly the same as the area of a 4 cm by 4 cm by 20 cm
rectangular prism.
Approximate volume of one banana = l w h
= 20 4 4
= 80 4
= 320
The approximate volume of one banana is 320 cm3.
Volume of the garbage bag when full = l 3
= 453
= 45 45 45
= 2025 45
= 91125
The volume of the garbage bag is 91 125 cm3.
91125
320
= 284.7656...
285
Number of bananas needed =
About 285 bananas are needed to fill the garbage bag.

Use a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
The side length of the cube is 1 m.
Change the side length of the cube to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of bananas that will fit along each side of the cube (using the 20 cm length):
100 20 = 5
About 5 bananas placed using their 20 cm length will fit along each side of the cube.
Number of bananas that will fit along each side of the cube (using the 4 cm width):
100 4 = 25
About 25 bananas placed using their 4 cm width will fit along each side of the cube.
MHR Chapter 7
397
Number of bananas inside the cube = 5 25 25

= 125 25
= 3125
About 3125 bananas will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
Volume of 100 100 100 cm cube = l 3
= 1003
= 100 100 100
= 10 000 100
= 1 000 000
The volume of the cube is 1 000 000 cm3.

Volume of the garbage bag when full = l 3
= 453
= 45 45 45
= 2025 45
= 91125
The volume of the garbage bag is 91 125 cm3.

This volume is 91 125 1 000 000 = 0.091125 times the volume of the 100 cm by 100 cm by 100 cm cube.
Number of bananas needed to fill garbage bag = 0.091125 3125
= 284.765625
285
About 285 bananas are needed to fill the garbage bag.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 10
Answers may vary. This answer uses a foot that is about 7 cm by 20 cm and the 11 m by 10 m classroom
from Example 1.
a) Assume the area covered by a footprint is roughly the same as the area of a 7 cm by 20 cm rectangle.
Approximate area of one footprint = l w

= 20 7
= 140
The approximate area of one footprint is 140 cm2.
11 m = 11 100 cm
= 1100 cm
10 m = 10 100 cm
= 1000 cm
398 MHR Chapter 7
Area of floor = l w
= 1100 1000
= 1100 000
The area of the classroom floor is 1 100 000 cm2.

1100 000
140
= 7857.1428...
7857
Number of footprints needed =
About 7857 footprints are needed to cover the classroom.

b) Walk across your classroom floor.

11 m = 11 100 cm
= 1100 cm
10 m = 10 100 cm
= 1000 cm
If you walk along the 11 m side:

Number of steps = Length of floor length of foot
= 1100 20
= 55
It would take about 55 steps to walk along the 11 m side.
If you walk sideways along the 10 m side:
Number of steps = Length of floor width of foot
= 1000 7
= 142.857...
143
It would take about 143 steps to walk sideways along the 10 m side.
Number of footprints needed = 55 steps 143 steps
= 7865
MHR Chapter 7
399
or
If you walk along the 10 m side:

Number of steps = Length of floor length of foot
= 1000 20
= 50
It would take about 50 steps to walk along the 10 m side.
If you walk sideways along the 11 m side:
Number of steps = Length of floor width of foot
= 1100 7
= 157.1428...
157
It would take about 157 steps to walk sideways along the 11 m side.
Number of footprints needed = 50 steps 157 steps
= 7850 steps

c)
1 m = 100 cm
Number of footprints that will fit along each side of the square (using the 20 cm length):
100 20 = 5
About 5 footprints placed using their 20 cm length will fit along each side of the square.
Number of footprints that will fit along each side of the square (using the 7 cm width):
100 7 = 14.2857...
14
About 14 footprints placed using their 7 cm width will fit along each side of the square.
Number of footprints inside the square = 5 14
= 70
About 70 footprints will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m square.
Area of classroom floor = l w

= 11 10
= 110
The classroom floor is 110 m2.
The number of footprints needed to cover the classroom floor is 110 70 = 7700.
400 MHR Chapter 7
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 11
Answers may vary. They should be similar to the exercises from this section.
MHR Chapter 7
401
Chapter 7 Review
Review
Page 228
Question 1
Page 228
Question 2
POWER
Review
PERFECT SQUARE
Review
Page 228
Question 3
Page 228
Question 4
BASE
Review
EXPONENT
Review
Page 228
Question 5
SQUARE ROOT
Review
Page 228
Question 6
EXPONENTIAL FORM
Review
a)
Page 228
Question 7
A = s2
A = 32
A = 3 3
A=9
The area is 9 square units.

b)
A = s2
A = 62
A = 6 6
A = 36
The area is 36 square units.
402 MHR Chapter 7
Review
a)
V
V
V
V
V
Page 228
Question 8
= l3
= 23
= 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
The volume is 8 cubic units.

b) V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 53
= 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
The volume is 125 cubic units.

Review
a)
Page 228
Question 9
162 = 16 16
= 256
b) 1.32 = 1.3 1.3

= 1.69
c)
83 = 8 8 8
= 64 8
= 512
d) 113 = 11 11 11
= 121 11
= 1331
Review
Page 228
Question 10
a) There are two 29s, so the exponent is 2.

29 29 = 292
14 14 14 = 143
MHR Chapter 7
403
Review
a)
Page 228
Question 11
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
52 = 5 5
= 25
Since 27 > 25, 33 > 52.

b) 142 = 14 14
= 196
63 = 6 6 6
= 36 6
= 216
Since 196 < 216, 142 < 63.

c)
3.22 = 3.2 3.2

= 10.24
2.23 = 2.2 2.2 2.2
= 4.84 2.2
= 10.648
Since 10.24 < 10.648, 3.22 < 2.23.

Review
a)
Page 228
Question 12
112 = 11 11
= 121
1112 = 111 111
= 12 321
11112 = 1111 1111
= 1 234 321
b) From the above numbers, the answer counts up from 1 to the number of digits in the base of the
original number and then counts down. For example, for 1112, since there are three digits in 111, the
answer counts up from 1 to 3 and back to 1: 12 321.
11 1112 = 123 454 321

111 1112 = 12 345 654 321
404 MHR Chapter 7
Review
Page 228
Question 13
a) The diagram is shown.

b)
A = s2
A = 302
A = 30 30
A = 900
The area of the pizza is 900 cm2.

The area of one slice is 900 9 = 100 cm2.
Review
a)
Page 228
Question 14
A = s2
A = 52
A = 5 5
A = 25
The area of one face of the cube is 25 cm2.

Since a cube has 6 faces, it has an area of 6 25 = 150 cm2.
Since 1 mL of paint covers 10 cm2, the amount of paint needed would be 150 10 = 15 mL.
Review
Page 228
Question 15

3 3 = 9
9 =3
MHR Chapter 7
405
Review
a)
Page 228
Question 16
4 4 = 16
16 = 4
Try 10.
10 10 = 100
Try 12.
12 12 = 144
Try 13.
13 13 = 169
169 = 13
c)
Too low.
Too low.
Correct.
Use a calculator:
[C] 6.25 [ x ]
2.5
6.25 = 2.5
Review
Page 229
Question 17
Each small square has an area of 9 cm2. The side length is the square root of the area.
3 3 = 9
9 =3
Method 1: Use Side Lengths
There are 10 small squares on the sides of the game board.

Each side length of the board is
10 3 = 30 cm.
Method 2: Use Area
There are 100 little squares on the game board.

The area of the board is 100 square units.
10 10 = 100
100 = 10 .
406 MHR Chapter 7
The side length is made up of 10 small squares.

This means the side length of the board is
10 3 = 30 cm.
P= s+s+s+s
P = 30 + 30 + 30 + 30
P = 120
The perimeter of the playing surface is 120 cm.

Review
Page 229
Question 18
A = s2
A = 302
A = 30 30
A = 900
The area of the square mat is 900 cm2.

Since the area of the square mat is 4 times the area of the square picture, the square picture has an area of
900 4 = 225 cm2.
15 15 = 225
225 = 15
The side length of the square picture is 15 cm.
Review
Page 229
Question 19
The diagram number is the same as the number of little squares in

the diagram. The 30th diagram will have 30 small squares.
2 2 = 4
4=2
Since there are 30 small squares, the object will be a rectangle 2 cm by 30 2 cm = 60 cm.
P = l +l + w+ w
P = 60 + 60 + 4 + 4
P = 128
The perimeter of the object is 128 cm.
MHR Chapter 7
407
Review
Page 229
Question 20
a) There are seven 8s, so the exponent is 7.

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 = 87
b) There are four 3.6s, so the exponent is 4.

3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 = 3.64
Review
Page 229
Question 21

Try 55.
55 = 5 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5 5
= 125 5 5
= 625 5
= 3125
Try 54.
54 = 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5
= 125 5
= 625
Too high.
Correct!
So, 625 = 54.

Try 55.
[C] 5 [yx] 5 [=]
Try 54.
[C] 5 [yx] 4 [=]
So, 625 = 54.
408 MHR Chapter 7
3125.
625.
Too high.
Correct!
Remember that 10 to the power of a number gives you a 1 followed by that number of zeros. Since one
billion has 9 zeros, you should try 109.
Try 109.
109 = 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
= 1 000 000 000
Correct!
So, 1 000 000 000 = 109.

Try 109.
[C] 10 [yx] 9 [=] 1000000000.
Correct!
So, 1 000 000 000 = 109.

c)

Try 35.
35 = 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3
= 27 3 3
= 81 3
= 243
Correct!
So, 243 = 35.

Try 35.
[C] 3 [yx] 5 [=]
243.
Correct!
So, 243 = 35.
MHR Chapter 7
409
Review
Page 229
Question 22
Every tripod has 3 legs. Since there are 27 tripods, there are 3 27 = 81 legs.
Since 3 divides evenly into 81, use 3 as a base.
Try 34.
34 = 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3
= 27 3
= 81
Correct!
So, 81 = 34.
Try 34.
[C] 3 [yx] 4 [=]
81.
Correct!
So, 81 = 34.
The total number of legs on 27 tripods is 34 legs.
Review
Page 229
Question 23

45 = 4 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4 4
= 64 4 4
= 256 4
= 1024
[C] 4 [yx] 5 [=]
1024.

112 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=1
[C] 1 [yx] 12 [=]
410 MHR Chapter 7
1.
c)

0.14 = 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
= 0.01 0.1 0.1
= 0.001 0.1
= 0.0001
[C] 0.1 [yx] 4 [=]

Review
Page 229
0.0001
Question 24

Correct!
30 30 = 900
So,
900 = 30 .
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
2 2 2 2 2 = 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
[C] 900 [ x ]
30.
[C] 3 [yx] 3 [=]
27.
The numbers from least to greatest are: 27 < 29 < 30 < 30.5 < 32.
The original list should be arranged like this: 33 < 29 < 900 < 30.5 < 2 2 2 2 2.
MHR Chapter 7
411
Review
Page 229
Question 25
Number of Bacteria = Number of existing bacteria hour number

1 hour: Number of Bacteria = 1 2
= 21
=2
After 1 hour, there will be 21 bacteria.
2 hours: Number of Bacteria = 2 2
= 22
=4
After 2 hours, there will be 22 bacteria.
3 hours: Number of Bacteria = 4 2
= 2 2 2
= 23
=8
The pattern shows that after a certain number of hours, the number of bacteria is 2 to the exponent of the
number of hours. For example, after 3 hours, there are 23 bacteria and after 4 hours, there are 24 bacteria.
28 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2 2
= 32 2 2 2
= 64 2 2
= 128 2
= 256
[C] 2 [yx] 8 [=]
256.
There are 256 bacteria after 8 hours.

Review
Page 229
Question 26
There is no such number.

Powers of 36: 361 = 36, 362 = 36 36
= 1296
There is no power of 36 that is between 100 and 1000, so there cannot be a number between 100 and 1000
that can be written as a power of 6 and 36.
412 MHR Chapter 7
Review
Page 229
Question 27
Answers may vary. This answer uses a phone book that is 21.5 cm by 28 cm and a basketball court that is
29 m by 15 m.
Area of one telephone book = l w
= 28 21.5
= 602
The area of one telephone book is 602 cm2.

Convert side lengths of the basketball court to centimetres.
29 m = 29 100 cm
= 2900 cm
15 m = 15 100 cm
= 1500 cm
Area of basketball court = l w
= 2900 1500
= 4 350 000
The area of the basketball court is 4 350 000 cm2.
4 350 000
602
= 7225.9136...
7226
Number of telephone books needed =
About 7226 telephone books are needed to cover the basketball court.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of telephone books that will fit along each side of the square (using the 21.5 cm width):
100 21.5 = 4.6511...
5
MHR Chapter 7
413
About 5 telephone books placed using their 21.5 cm width will fit along each side of the square.
Number of telephone books that will fit along each side of the square (using the 28 cm length):
100 28 = 3.5714...
3.5
About 3.5 telephone books placed using their 28 cm length will fit along each side of the square. Use 3.5
instead of rounding up to 4 because rounding 3.5714.. to 4 is a large jump and will greatly affect the final
answer.
Number of telephone books inside the square = 5 3.5
= 15.5
About 15.5 telephone books will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m square.

Area of basketball court = l w
= 29 15
= 435
The basketball court is 435 m2.

Number of telephone books needed to cover the basketball court: 435 15.5 = 6742.5
6743
About 6743 telephone books are needed to cover the basketball court.
Review
Page 229
Question 28
Answers may vary. This answer assumes that a stack of 500 pieces of paper is 5 cm in height.
There are 100 cm in a metre. If you have stacks of 5 cm, then 100 5 = 20 stacks make up a metre.
There are 1000 m in a kilometre. If you have 20 stacks in one metre, then you have 1000 20 = 20 000
stacks in a kilometre.
Since 500 pieces of paper make up a stack, you have 20 000 500 = 10 000 000 sheets of paper in a
kilometre.
Review
Page 229
Question 29
a) Answers may vary. This answer assumes that you receive 5 coins each day in change.
If you receive 5 coins each day in change, then you receive 5 365 = 1825 coins in change in one year
(since there are 365 days in one year).
If it is a leap year, where there is one extra day in the year, you will receive 5 366 = 1830 coins in
change in one year.
414 MHR Chapter 7
b) Answers may vary. This answer assumes that you are equally likely to get all the coins in change.
By measuring across each coin, you should get these measurements:
Penny: 1.9 cm
Nickel: 2.1 cm
Dime: 1.8 cm
Quarter: 2.4 cm
Loonie: 2.6 cm
Toonie: 2.8 cm
By measuring the thickness of each coin, you may estimate that every coin is 0.1 cm thick.
You know from part a) that you receive about 1830 coins in change in one year.
Since there are 6 coins, estimate that you receive 1830 6 = 305 of each type of coin.
Volume of the pennies:
You can assume the volume covered by a penny is roughly the same as the area of a rectangular prism
with a side length of 0.1 cm and a width and height of 1.9 cm.
Approximate volume of one penny = l w h
= 0.1 1.9 1.9
= 0.19 1.9
= 0.361
The approximate volume of one penny is 0.361 cm3.

Since there are 305 pennies, together they make up a volume of 305 0.361 = 110.105 cm3.
Volume of the nickels:
You can assume the volume covered by a nickel is roughly the same as the area of a rectangular prism
Approximate volume of one nickel = l w h
= 0.1 2.1 2.1
= 0.21 2.1
= 0.441
The approximate volume of one nickel is 0.441 cm3.

Since there are 305 nickels, together they make up a volume of 305 0.441 = 134.505 cm3.
Volume of the dimes:
You can assume the volume covered by a dime is roughly the same as the area of a rectangular prism
Approximate volume of one dime = l w h
= 0.1 1.8 1.8
= 0.18 1.8
= 0.324
The approximate volume of one dime is 0.324 cm3.

Since there are 305 dimes, together they make up a volume of 305 0.324 = 98.82 cm3.
MHR Chapter 7
415
Volume of quarters:
You can assume the volume covered by a quarter is roughly the same as the area of a rectangular prism
Approximate volume of one quarter = l w h
= 0.1 2.4 2.4
= 0.24 2.4
= 0.576
The approximate volume of one quarter is 0.576 cm3.

Since there are 305 quarters, together they make up a volume of 305 0.576 = 175.68 cm3.
Volume of the loonies:
You can assume the volume covered by a loonie is roughly the same as the area of a rectangular prism
Approximate volume of one loonie = l w h
= 0.1 2.6 2.6
= 0.26 2.6
= 0.676
The approximate volume of one loonie is 0.676 cm3.

Since there are 305 loonies, together they make up a volume of 305 0.676 = 206.18 cm3.
Volume of the toonies:
You can assume the volume covered by a toonie is roughly the same as the area of a rectangular prism
Approximate volume of one toonie = l w h
= 0.1 2.8 2.8
= 0.28 2.8
= 0.784
The approximate volume of one toonie is 0.784 cm3.

Since there are 305 toonies, together they make up a volume of 305 0.784 = 239.12 cm3.
The total volume of all the coins:
110.105 + 134.505 + 98.82 + 175.68 + 206.18 + 239.12 = 110 964.41
110 964
The total volume of all the coins is approximately 110 964 cm3.
416 MHR Chapter 7
Practice Test
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 1
D in exponential form
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 2
C 6 6 6
The exponent is 3, so there are three 6s.

Practice Test
Page 230
Question 3
B between 3 cm and 4 cm

Too low.
33=9
4 4 = 16
Too high.
10 must be between 3 and 4.
It is between 3 cm and 4 cm.
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 4
C 114

Too low.
10 10 = 100
Try 11.
11 11 = 121
Too high.
MHR Chapter 7
417
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 5
A 125
Look at the list and search for a pattern:

1 = 1 1 1
= 13
8 = 2 2 2
= 23
27 = 3 3 3
= 33
64 = 4 4 4
= 43
Starting with 1, the base increases by one each term. The base is cubed to get the number in the list.
The next number will have a base of 4 + 1 = 5, and an exponent of 3.
53 = 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
Practice Test
a)
Page 230
Question 6
A = s2
A = 72
A = 77
A = 49

b)
A = s2
A = 92
A = 99
A = 81
418 MHR Chapter 7
Practice Test
a)
V
V
V
V
V
Page 230
Question 7
= l3
= 43
= 4 4 4
= 16 4
= 64

b) V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 83
= 888
= 64 8
= 512

Practice Test
a)
Page 230
Question 8
52 = 5 5
= 25
b) 102 = 10 10
= 100
c)
63 = 6 6 6
= 36 6
= 216
d)
73 = 7 7 7
= 49 7
= 343
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 9
a) 8 8 = 64
64 = 8
b) 20 20 = 400
400 = 20
[C] 1.44 [ x ]
1.2
d) [C] 2.25 [ x ]
1.5
c)
MHR Chapter 7
419
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 10

Too low.
10 10 = 100
Try 11.
11 11 = 121
Correct!
So, 121 = 11 .

6 6 = 36 Too low.
Try 7.
7 7 = 49 Too high.
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 11
a)
29 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2 2 2
= 32 2 2 2 2
= 64 2 2 2
= 128 2 2
= 256 2
= 512
b)
36 = 3 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3 3
= 27 3 3 3
= 81 3 3
= 243 3
= 729
420 MHR Chapter 7
c)
45 = 4 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4 4
= 64 4 4
= 256 4
= 1024
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 12

3 3 3 3 = 9 3 3
= 27 3
= 81
102 = 10 10
= 100

80 80 = 6400 Correct!
So,
6400 = 80 .
26 = 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2
= 16 2 2
= 32 2
= 64
[C] 10 [yx] 2 [=]
100.
[C] 6400 [ x ]
80.
[C] 2 [yx] 6 [=]
64.
The numbers from least to greatest are: 64 < 79.5 < 80 < 81 < 100.
The original list should be arranged like this: 26 < 79.5 < 6400 < 3 3 3 3 < 102.
MHR Chapter 7
421
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 13
Starting with the first diagram, every following diagram increases the
number of small cubes by two. The 5th diagram will have 7 + 2 = 9
small cubes.
V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 23
= 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
The volume of one cube is 8 cm3.

Since there are 9 small cubes, the object will have a volume of 9 8 = 72 cm3.
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 14

Try 20.
20 20 = 400
Try 19.
19 19 = 361
Too high.
Correct!
361 = 19
Therefore, the side length of the square picture is 19 cm.

Since one side of the rectangular frame is 18 cm, the picture will not fit inside the frame.
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 15
a) Yes, that is true. 26 is 2 2 2 2 2 2, or 25 2.

b) No, that is not true. Any product of 1s is 1. For example, 1 1= 1, 1 1 1 = 1, 1 1 1 1 = 1, and
so on. So, 16 = 15.
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 16
There are 100 pennies in one dollar. There are 100 100 = 10 000 pennies in $100.
100 100 = 1002.
There are 1002 pennies in $100.
422 MHR Chapter 7
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 17
Convert side lengths of the floor to centimetres.

4 m = 4 100 cm
= 400 cm
3 m = 3 100 cm
= 300 cm
A=lw
A = 400 300
A = 120 000
The area of the rectangular floor is 120 000 cm2.

Since there are 300 square tiles, each tile has an area of 120 000 300 = 400 cm2.
20 20 = 400
400 = 20
The side length of each square tile is 20 cm.
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 18

92 = 9 9
= 81
992 = 99 99
= 9801
9992 = 999 999

= 998 001
99992 = 9999 9999
= 99 980 001
[C] 9 [yx] 2 [=]
81.
[C] 99 [yx] 2 [=]
9801.
[C] 999 [yx] 2 [=]
998001.
[C] 9999 [yx] 2 [=]
99980001.
MHR Chapter 7
423
b) Look at the answers from part a). Starting with 81, every following answer adds a 9 to the beginning of
the number and a 0 before the final 1 in the number.
99 9992 = 9 999 800 001

999 9992 = 999 998 000 001
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 19
a) Answers may vary. You would need to find out the distance from Earth to the Moon. You would need
to estimate your average walking speed, and how many hours of the day you would be walking. Once
you estimate your average walking speed, you could calculate how far you would walk in one day, and
then multiply by 7 to find out how far you could walk in one week, then multiply by 4 to find out how
far you could walk in one month, and then multiply by 12 to find out how far you could walk in one
year. Then, divide the total distance from Earth to the Moon by this number to find out the number of
years it would take to walk to the moon.
You would need to find out the dimensions (size) of the cell phone and the backpack.
You can think of the cell phone as a rectangular prism and the backpack as a cube. Calculate the
approximate volume of the cell phone and the backpack. Divide the volume of the backpack by the
volume of a cell phone to find the number of cell phones that will fit in a backpack.
Use a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube and calculate the number of cell phones that would fit along each side
of the cube. Use these answers to calculate the number of cell phones that will fit inside the cube. Find
the volume of the backpack and multiply the number of cell phones inside the 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube
by the volume of the backpack to find the number of cell phones that will fit in the backpack.
c)
Answers may vary. You would need to find out the number of students in your school. You would
need to estimate the average number of soft drinks a student drinks in a day. Then, multiply by 7 to
find out how many soft drinks are consumed in one week. Multiply by 4 to find out how many soft
drinks are consumed in one month. Then, multiply by 12 to find out how many soft drinks are
consumed in one year. Multiply this answer by the number of students to find out the total number of
litres of soft drinks consumed in one year.
424 MHR Chapter 7

m7 ch7 Solutions Final

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CHAPTER 7 Exponents

1 24 = 24, 2 12 = 24, 3 8 = 24, 4 6 = 24, 6 4 = 24, 8 3 = 24, 12 2 = 24, 24 1 = 24

Divide the numbers by 2 to see if it 2 a factor. If it is, it will divide evenly.

a) Use systematic trial.

Use systematic trial.

d) Use systematic trial.

a) You are converting to a smaller unit, so you multiply.

You are converting to a smaller unit, so you multiply.

30 cm is equivalent to 300 mm.

350 MHR Chapter 7

a) You are converting to a larger unit, so you divide.

200 m is equivalent to 0.2 km.

550 cm is equivalent to 5.5 m.

You are converting to a smaller unit, so you multiply.

0.5 m is equivalent to 500 mm.

The area of the square is 64 m2.

The area of the square is 2.25 cm2.

The volume of the cube is 27 cm3.

The volume of the cube is 64 m3.

352 MHR Chapter 7

7.1 Understand Exponents

The area of the square is 42 cm2.

The area of the square is 4 square units.

The area of the square is 100 square units.

The area of the square is 36 square units.

The area of the square is 144 square units.

The area of the square is 121 square units.

The volume of the cube is 343 cubic units.

The volume of the cube is 1000 cubic units.

354 MHR Chapter 7

The volume of the cube is 125 cubic units.

The volume of the cube is 1728 cubic units.

The volume of the cube is 8000 cubic units.

a) There are two 13s, so the exponent is 2.

a) The exponent is 2, so there are two 9s.

The exponent is 3, so there are three 12s.

Since 8 < 27, 23 < 33.

Since 16 < 64, 42 < 43 .

Since 125 > 100, 53 > 102.

356 MHR Chapter 7

1.32 = 1.3 1.3

2.42 = 2.4 2.4

4.12 = 4.1 4.1

d) 1.23 = 1.2 1.2 1.2

3.23 = 3.2 3.2 3.2

2.53 = 2.5 2.5 2.5

23 does not equal 2 3.

The area of the base of the pyramid of Menkaure is

The volume of the cube is 27 cm3.

The object is made up of 6 equal-sized squares. The perimeter of the object is

The area of one square is 16 cm2.

358 MHR Chapter 7

a) Diagrams may vary. The area of a square

Look at the base number in each square number.

360 MHR Chapter 7

Subtract the base numbers on the left hand side.

362 MHR Chapter 7

7.2 Represent and Evaluate Square Roots

Method 1: Use Systematic Trial

The area of the square is 16 square units.

You can form a square with area 36 cm2.

To have this area, a square must have a side length of 6 cm.