Introduction To Frame Structure and Alarm Analysis in OTN

Security Level: Internal Use
Only
Introduction to Frame
Structure and Alarm Analysis
in OTN (G.709)
Yang Mingzhang /42198
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Forward
What is OTN?
What is G.709? The relation between OTN and

G.709?
Why we learn the G.709 and OTN?
What need we pay more attention to ?
Huawei Confidential
Page 2
Objective
After finishing this course, you are
able to:
Know the basic knowledge about OTN and

G.709.
Master the frame structure of OTN.
Master the alarm system and analysis in

OTN applications.
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Contents
Part1
OTN Overview
Part2
G.709 Introduction
Part3
G.709 Overheads
Part4
OTN Common
Alarms
Part5 OTN in 1600G
Product
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Basic Knowledge of OTN

Functions of SDH
Supports transmission of multiple services: PDH, IP, Ethernet, ...
Provides abundant protection and management functions.
Functions of WDM
Improves the bandwidth utilization, and supports transparent
service transmission.
Functions of OTN
Builds an optical transport network platform integrating advantages of SDH and
WDM.
Huawei Confidential
Page 5
Basic Knowledge of OTN

OTN: The optical transport network (OTN) is a kind of transmission
system.
Consists of a series of network elements connected using optical fibers.
Provides optical channels to carry client signals, independent of clients.
Provides transmission, multiplexing, routing, management and monitoring
of client signals.
Based on the overhead design of SDH, OTN introduces abundant

overheads, thus delivering a real OAM&P capability.
OTN defines three optical layers: OCH, OMSn and OTSn. OCH is
realized through OPUk, ODUk and OTUk sub-layers in the digital
domain.
OTN defines intra-domain and inter-domain network interfaces.
OTN introduces outband FEC, improving the error tolerance of lines.
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
Structure and Interfaces of OTN

Layers: OCH, OMSn, OTSn
Interfaces: OTM-n.m, OTM-nr.m, OTM-0.m
Clients (e.g. STM-N, ATM, IP, Ethernet)
n: indicates the number of waves carried in
OPUk
maximum capacity.
m: indicates the transmission rate, including:
1(OTU1), 2(OTU2), 3(OTU3), 12(OTU1 & OTU2

mixed), 23(OTU2 & OTU3 mixed), 123(OTU1 &
OTU2 & OTU3 mixed)
ODUkT
OTUkV
OTUk
OCh
OTUkV
OTUk
OCh
substructure
ODUkP
ODUk
OChr
r: indicates the function that has been
OMSn
removed from the OTM. Here, the OSC

function is removed. 0 indicates single wave.
OPSn
OTSn
With OSC signals added, OTM-nr.m becomes
OTM-n.m.
OTM-0.m is a special example of OTM-nr.m.
Thinking: What is the meaning of OTM-40.123?
OTM-n.m
OTM-0.m, OTM-nr.m
Full functionality
OTM interface
Reduced functionality
OTM interface
For details about OTN structure

corelations, see next page.
Huawei Confidential
Page 7
Non-associated overhead
Associated
overhead
Wrapper
OTN Structure
Relevancy
Client
OH
OH
OCh Payload Unit (OPUk)
Client
OCh Data Unit (ODUk)
OPUk
OH
ODUk
FEC
Optical Channel (OCh)
OTUk
OH
OCC
OH
Optical Channel Carrier (OCC)
OCC
OPS0
OMSn
OPSn
OTSn
OH
OOS
OSC
OSC
OCC
OCh Transport Unit (OTUk)
Optical Multiplex Section

Optical Transmission Section
OTM Overhead Signal
OTM-nr.m:n,without OSC
OTM-0.m
Optical Supervisory Channel

Optical Physical Section
In OPUk ODUk OTUk ,the value for k is 1,2, or 3
OTM-n.m:n,OSC
1 for 2.5G,2 for 10G, 3 for 40G

Huawei Confidential
Page 8
Linking with WDM

The transmit OTU in the wavelength division equipment converts client
signals into OCC signals. The receive OTU converts OCC signals into client
signals.
The multiplexing module (the optical multiplexer or the add part of OADM) in
the wavelength division equipment converts multiple independent wavelength

signals into main channel signals, which is multiplexing of OMSn (optical
multiplex section). The demultiplexing module (the optical demultiplexer or the
drop part of OADM) in the wavelength division equipment converts main
channel signals into multiple independent wavelength signals, which is
demultiplexing of OMSn (optical multiplex section).
Between the main optical channel and the optical amplifier, there is an OTSn
(Optical Transport Section).
Huawei Confidential
Page 9
Summary
Definition of OTN
OTN hierarchy
Sub-layers of the OCh layer of OTN
Available values and meanings of k, m, n, r and 0
Advantages of OTN
Huawei Confidential
Page 10
Contents
Part1
OTN Overview
Part2
G.709 Introduction
Part3
G.709 Overheads
Part4
OTN Common
Alarms
Part5 OTN in 1600G
Product
Huawei Confidential
Page 11
OTN Network Interfaces
User to Network Interface (UNI)

Network Node Interface (NNI)
Inter Domain Interface (IrDI)
Intra Domain Interface (IaDI)

Interfaces between equipment of different vendors (IrVI)
Interfaces within the subnetwork of one vendor (IaVI)
Network Operator B
USER
A
Network
Operator
C
OTM NNI
OTM
UNI
OTM
NNI
IrDI
IaDI-IrVI
OTM NNI
IaDI-IaVI
OTM NNI
IaDI-IaVI
Vendor X
Vendor Y
Huawei Confidential
Page 12
G.709 Description
G.709 is one of the protocols used in OTN.
Item
SDH
Suggested framework
Device and subsystem
OTN
G0.871
G.661, G.662, G.663, G.671
G.661, .662, G.663,

G.671
Function and feature
G.783, G.784, G.813, G.825,
G.681, G.798
G.826, G.958, G.EPRMS

Physical layer
G.703, G.957, G.691
G.691,G.692,G.664,G.9
59.1
Overall architecture
G.803, G.805
G.872, G.873
Structure and mapping
G.707, G.832
G0.709
Management
G.774-x, G.784, G.831
G.874, G.875
G.709 defines the strcture and mapping of OTN.

Huawei Confidential
Page 13
2
3
4080
3825
OTUk
OH
ODUk OH
OPUk OH
1 Alignm
3824
14
15
16
17
7
8
Frame Structure of G.709
Client Signal
mapped
in
OPU
k Payload
OPUk Payload
OTUk
FEC
Client Signal
OPUk Optical Channel Payload Unit
ODUk Optical Channel Data Unit
OTUk Optical Channel Transport Unit
Frame delimitation
Huawei Confidential
K indicates the rate level:

1
2.5G
2
10G
3
40G
Page 14
Comparison between Frame

Structures of G.709 and SDH
G.709 Frame Structure
Frame structure: 9 rows and
270n columns, variable in
length
Frame rate: 8000
frames/second, which is fixed
Frame structure: 4 rows and 4080

columns, which is fixed
Frame rate: variable
20.420 kHz (48.971 s) for OTU1
82.027 kHz (12.191 s) for OTU2
329.489 kHz (3.035 s) for OTU3
Including:
OPUk, ODUk, OTUk and FEC
Including: section overhead,

pointer, channel overhead, and
payload
8000 frames per second
Huawei Confidential
Page 15
Comparison between Frame

Structures of G.709 and SDH
Huawei Confidential
Page 16
Mapping of G.709
STM-N
N=16, 64, 256

IP and Ethernet signal
G.709 supports client data encapsulation based

on packets.
Encapsulates IP signals directly without SDH or

10G Ethernet support
Uses the GFP protocol

ATM signal
Supports client signal mapping based on cells.
Maps signals from ATM to ODUk as simply as from

ATM to SDH.
Test signal
Bit stream (not in byte format)
CBR signal (with unknown bit rate)
Huawei Confidential
Page 17
Abstract
what is the frame of G.709
what is the major difference between the frame of G.709

and SDH
Huawei Confidential
Page 18
Contents
Part1
OTN Overview
Part2
G.709 Introduction
Part3
G.709 Overheads
Part4
OTN Common
Alarms
Part5 OTN in 1600G
Product
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
OTUk/ODUk/OPUk
Overheads(k=1,2,3)
1
1
2
3
4
OTUk
FRAME ALIGNMENT
MFAS
AlignmFAS OVERHEAD AREA
OH
TCM
TCM6
RES
ACT
TCM3
GCC1
ODUk
GCC2
OPUk OH
Row
14
OTUk
AREA
SMSPECIFIC OVERHEAD
GCC0
RES
TCM5
OPU k Payload
TCM4
TCM2 ODUk SPECIFIC

TCM1OVERHEAD AREA
PM
APS/PCC
15
16
RES JC
Mapping
JC
& Concat
FTFL RES
Specific
RES JC
EXP
OPUk SPECIFIC
OVERHEAD
AREA
Column
PSI NJO PJO
RES
BDI
BDI
BDI
IAE
TCMi
PM
TCMi
ACT: Activation/deactivation control channel MFAS: MultiFrame Alignment Signal

1
3
1
9 10
127
128 2
129Protection
137Communication
138
255
APS: 0 Automatic
Protection
Swiching
PCC:
Control channel
0 6 7 PT
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
8
Operator
Operator
1
2
3
coordination
channel
PM:
Path
Monitoring
Operator
Specific
FTFL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4Operator
5 1
6 Specific
7 8
Identifier
Identifier
1 2 3 4 5 TTI
6 7 8 1 2 3 4 PSI:
5BIP-8
6 Payload
7
8 1 Structure
2 3 BEI
4 Identifier
5 6 7 STAT
8
EXP: Experimental
Mapping
TTI
BIP-8ReservedBEI/BIAE
RES
BEI/BIAE
FAS:FaultFrame AlignmentTTI
Signal
RES:
for
future international
& Concat
BIP-8
Fault
Forward
Backward STAT
FTFL:
Fault Type & Fault Location
Indication
Indicationstandardisation
255 Specific
Field reporting
Field Section Monitoring
channel 15 16
0
31SM:
32
63
GCC: GeneralSource
Communication
Channel Access TCM: Tandem Connection Monitoring
Access
Destination
Operator Specific
TTI
Point Identifier
Point Identifier
Huawei Confidential
Page 20
OTUk/ODUk Overheads
(k=1,2,3)
Frame
Alignment Signal FAS 6 Bytes) OA1 F6h OA2
28h
FAS OH Byte 1
FAS OH Byte 3
FAS OH Byte 2
FAS OH Byte 4
FAS OH Byte 5
FAS OH Byte 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OA1
OA1
OA1
OA2
OA2
OA2
T1542510-00
Multiframe Alignment Signal MFAS 1 Byte , A multiframe consists of
256 frames 256Byte

MFAS OH Byte
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
.
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
.
.
.
.
.
.
M F A S seq u e n ce
0
0
0
0
0
T1542520-00
Huawei Confidential
Page 21
OTUk Overheads
(k=1,2,3)
OTUk SM overhead (3 bytes)
OTUk SM BIP-8 byte (1 Byte)
Frame i
1 2 3 4 145 156 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 83824

BIP8
TTI
BIP-8
BEI/BIAE
OPUk
BDI
BIP8
Frame i+1
RES
IAE
BIP8
2
3
BIP8
Frame i+2
2
3
4
T1542550-00
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
OTUk Overheads (k=1,2,3)

OTUk SM BEI and BIAE bits: used to send back the BIP-8
error and IAE received by OTUk. When the OTUk SM
BEI/BIAE bits are "1011", it indicates the BIAE.
OTUk SM BEI/BIAE bits 1234
BIAE
BIP violations
0000
false
0001
false
0010
false
0011
false
0100
false
0101
false
0110
false
0111
false
1000
false
1001,1010
false
1011
true
1100 to 1111
false
Huawei Confidential
Page 23
OTUk Overheads
(k=1,2,3)
OTUk SM BDI bit
Used to send back the SD status received by OTUk
When the OTUk SM BDI bit is "1", it indicates the defect

status. Otherwise, the OTUk SM BDI bit is "0".
OTUk SM IAE bit
Used to indicate the incoming alignment error received by

OTUk
When the OTUk SM IAE bit is "1", it indicates the alignment

error. Otherwise, the OTUk SM IAE bit is "0".
Huawei Confidential
Page 24
ODUk
Overheads
(k=1,2,3)
ODUk PM OH 3 Bytes)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
STAT
TTI
BIP-8
BEI
ODUk PM OH BIP-8byte (1 Byte)
Frame i
14 15
3824
BIP8
BDI
OPUk
BIP8
BIP8
Frame i+1
2
3
BIP8
Frame i+2
2
3
4
T1542550-00
Huawei Confidential
Page 25
ODUk
Overheads
(k=1,2,3)
ODUk PM BEI bit: Used to send back the BIP-8 error received by ODUk
ODUk PM BEI bits 1234
BIP violations
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001 to 1111
Huawei Confidential
Page 26
ODUk Overheads (k=1,2,3)

ODUk PM BDI bit: Used to send back the SD status received by
OTUk. When the ODUk PM BDI bit is "1", it indicates the
defect status. Otherwise, the ODUk PM BDI bit is "0".
ODUk PM STAT bit: Indicates the channel status of ODUk
PM byte 3, bits 678
Status
000
Reserved for future international standardization
001
Normal path signal
010
011
100
101
Maintenance signal: ODUk-LCK
110
Maintenance signal: ODUk-OCI
111
Maintenance signal: ODUk-AIS
Huawei Confidential
Page 27
ODUk Overheads
ODUk
TCMi overhead (i=16)
(k=1,2,3)
Its functions are similar to those of SM/PM

overheads. Details are omitted here
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEIi/BIAEi
STATi
TTIi
BIP-8i
BDIi
Huawei Confidential
Page 28
ODUk APS and PCC bytes: Support 8-level nested protection via
MFAS
MFAS bit 678
APS/PCC channel applies to
000
ODUk Path
001
ODUk TCM1
010
ODUk TCM2
011
ODUk TCM3
100
ODUk TCM4
101
ODUk TCM5
110
ODUk TCM6
111
ODUk SNC/I APS
Huawei Confidential
Page 29
ODUk FTFL bytes
The FTFL bytes of 256 frames comprise 256-byte FTFL information
Bytes 0 to 127 are the forward indication area. Bytes 128 to 255 are the
0
1
backward indication
area.
127 128 129
Forward field
255
Backward field
T1542690-00
The forward and backward indication areas can be divided into three sub-areas respectively.
0
9 10
127
Operator identifier
field
Fault
indication
field
128 129
Operator-specific
field
Forward
137 138
255
Operator-specific
field
Operator identifier
field
T1542700-00
Fault
indication
field
Backward
Huawei Confidential
Page 30
Fault indication code

Fault indication code
Definition
0000 0000
No Fault
0000 0001
Signal Fail
0000 0010
Signal Degrade
0000 0011
.
.
Reserved for future international

Standardization
.
1111 1111
Forward/Backward operator identifier Field: indicates the

forward/backward country or area code and operator code.
Huawei Confidential
Page 31
OPUk Overheads (k=1,2,3)

OPUk PSI and PT overheads
Column #
1
Row#
10
11
12
13
14
OTUk overhead
Frame Alignment overhead
ODUk overhead
PSI
OPUk PSI
A 256-byte PSI signal is formed via multiframes.
0
1
PT
Mapping &
Concatenation
Specific
PSI[0] is in position "0000 0000" of MFA, PSI[1] is

in position "0000 0001", and so on.
OPUk PT
Available in PSI[0]. For overhead descriptions, see

the following table.
255
Huawei Confidential
16
Mapping
&
Concatenation
specific
2
3
15
Page 32
OPUk Overheads
OPUk Payload (PT) Interpretation
(k=1,2,3)
MSB
1234
LSB
5678
Hex code
(Note 1)
0000
0001
01
Experimental mapping (Note 3)
0000
0010
02
Asynchronous CBR mapping, see 17.1
0000
0011
03
Bit synchronous CBR mapping, see 17.1
0000
0100
04
ATM mapping, see 17.2
0000
0101
05
GFP mapping, see 17.3
0000
0110
06
Virtual Concatenated signal, see 18 (NOTE 5)
0001
0000
10
Bit stream with octet timing mapping, see 17.5.1
0001
0001
11
Bit stream without octet timing mapping, see

17.5.2
0010
0110
20
ODU multiplex structure, see 19
0101
0101
55
Not available (Note 2)
0110
0110
66
1000
xxxx
80-8F
1111
1101
FD
NULL test signal mapping, see 17.4.1
1111
1110
FE
PRBS test signal mapping, see 17.4.2
1111
1111
FF
Interpretation
Reserved codes for proprietary use (Note 4)
Huawei Confidential
Page 33
OPUk Overheads
0
110
0110
66
(k=1,2,3)
1000
xxxx
80-8F
Reserved codes for proprietary use (Note

4)
1111
1101
FD
NULL test signal mapping, see 17.4.1
1111
1110
FE
PRBS test signal mapping, see 17.4.2
1111
1111
FF
NOTE 1 There are 226 spare codes left for future international
standardization. Refer to Annex A/G.806 for the procedure to obtain one of
these codes for a new payload type.
NOTE 2 These values are excluded from the set of available code points.
These bit patterns are present in ODUk maintenance signals.
NOTE 3 Value "01" is only to be used for experimental activities in cases
where a mapping code is not defined in this table. Refer to Annex A/G.806 for
more information on the use of this code.
NOTE 4 These 16 code values will not be subject to further standardization.
Refer to Annex A/G.806 for more information on the use of these codes.
NOTE 5 For the payload type of the virtual concatenated signal a dedicated
payload type overhead (vcPT) is used, see 18.
Huawei Confidential
Page 34
Comparison with SDH Overhead
Huawei Confidential
Page 35
Summary
Composition of G.709 overheads
Common overheads
Differences between SM and PM
Comparison with SDH overhead
Huawei Confidential
Page 36
Contents
Part1
OTN Overview
Part2
G.709 Introduction
Part3
G.709 Overheads
Part4
OTN Common
Alarms
Part5 OTN in 1600G
Product
Huawei Confidential
Page 37
OTN common alarm
OTU-AIS
OTU-LOF/SM-BDI
OTU-OOM
SM-BIP8-OVER/SD
SM-BEI
SM-TIM
PM-TIM
ODU-AIS/PM-BDI
PM-BIP8-OVER/SD
PM-BEI
Huawei Confidential
Page 38
OTN common alarm ----OTUk-AIS

1
14 15
3824 3825
1
2
Repeating PN-11 sequence
3
4
All the OTUk signal is 1
Huawei Confidential
Page 39
4080
OTN Common AlarmsOTULOF/OUT-OOM/SM-BDI

Column #
Row #
4
FAS
MFAS
10
11
12
13
OTUk Overhead
2
3
ODUk Overhead
14
15
16
OPUk Overhead
T1542500-00
(114739)
When FAS can be found in five consecutive frames, the downstream board
reports an OTU-OOF alarm.
When FAS cannot be found in 3 ms, the board reports an OTU-LOF alarm.
Meanwhile, the board returns a SM-BDI alarm to the upstream board.
When the detected MFAS is not the expected value, the downstream
board reports an OTU-OOM alarm.
Question: Is a SM-BDI alarm returned when the OTU-OOF and OTU-OOM
alarms are reported.
Huawei Confidential
Page 40
OTN Common AlarmsSMTIM/PM-TIM
SM
board reports a TIM alarm.
TTI
BIP-8
TTI
BIP-8
SAPI
15
16
DAPI
BEI
RES
T1542540-00
(114739)
31
32
PM
1
IAE
from the receivable one, the downstream
BDI
When the received TTI is found different
Operator
Specific
63
1
SAPI
BEI
BDI
STAT
15
16
DAPI
31
32
Operator
Specific
63
If the TTI of SM is inconsistent, the board

reports a SM-TIM alarm.
If the TTI of PM is inconsistent, the board
reports a PM-TIM alarm.
Similar to J0MM of SDH, the default TTI of
Huawei boards is null.
Huawei Confidential
Page 41
OTN common alarmODUk-AIS

In an ODUk-AIS, all other bits are "1" except FTFL. See yellow areas
below.
When the client side generates a R-LOS alarm, the WDM side
reports an ODUk-AIS alarm (when a board is forced to light, the
downstream board should report an ODUk-AIS alarm).
When detecting the ODUk-AIS alarm, the downstream board
returns a PM-BDI signal (namely, bit 5 of the third byte of PM is 1) to
the upstream board.
PM
1
2
3
Detection is to check bits 6 to 8 of the third byte of PM.
If "111"
is
TTI
BIP-8
detected, an ODUk-AIS alarm is generated.
STAT
3824
STAT
FTFL
SAPI
All-1's pattern
15
16
DAPI
4
31
32
Operator
Specific
63
Huawei Confidential
Page 42
BEI
BDI
17
OTUk OH
STAT
14
STAT
STAT
FA OH
STAT
78
STAT
STAT
OTN Common AlarmsODUk-OCI

ODUk-OCI uses repeated "01100110" to fill up the whole ODUk
frame. See orange areas.
When detecting an ODUk-OCI alarm, the board returns a PM-BDI
signal (namely bit 5 of the third byte of PM is 1) to the upstream
board. Detection is to check the STAT bits of PM. If ""110" is
detected, an ODUk-OCI alarm is generated.
PM
17
STAT
TTI
BIP-8
3824
OTUk OH
STAT
Repeating "0110 0110" pattern
SAPI
15
16
DAPI
31
32
Operator
Specific
63
Huawei Confidential
Page 43
BEI
BDI
STAT
14
STAT
STAT
FA OH
STAT
78
STAT
STAT
OTN Common AlarmsODUk-LCK

ODUk-LCK uses repeated "01010101" to fill up the whole ODUk
frame. See pink areas.
When detecting an ODUk-LCK alarm, the board returns a PM-BDI
signal to the upstream board.
Detection is to check the STAT bits of PM. If "101" is detected,
an ODUk-LCK alarm is generated.
PM
3824
STAT
TTI
BIP-8
SAPI
Repeating "0101 0101" pattern
15
16
DAPI
31
32
Operator
Specific
63
Huawei Confidential
Page 44
BEI
BDI
17
OTUk OH
STAT
STAT
14
STAT
STAT
FA OH
STAT
78
STAT
STAT
OTN Common AlarmsPM-BDI

PM
board to its upstream board when any

of ODUk-AIS, ODUk-OCI and ODUk-CLK
is detected.
TTI
BIP-8
SAPI
15
16
DAPI
31
Decision is made on the basis of the
32
Operator
Specific
BDI bit in PM. If the BDI bit is 1, a PMBDI alarm is generated.
63
Huawei Confidential
Page 45
BEI
BDI
PM-BDI is an alarm returned by a
STAT
OTN Common AlarmsSM BIP-8/PM

BIP-8
1
14 15
3824
2
3
BIP8
Frame i
1
OPUk
BIP8
1
2
3
BIP8
Frame i+1
1
2
3
BIP8
Frame i+2
T1542590-00
(114739)
SM BIP-8 and PM BIP-8 concern calculations in OPUk, including OPUk OH (rows 15
to 3824).
The SM BIP-8 and PM BIP-8 calculation results of frame i are placed in frame i+2.
By default, the SM/PM BIP8 OVER threshold of Huawei products is 10E-3, and the SM/PM BIP8
SD threshold is 10E-6.
Huawei Confidential
Page 46
OTN Common AlarmsSM BIP-8/PM

BIP-8
BIP8 threshold query:
cfg-get-bip8th:Bid, Port, th-type;

th-type:
bip-sm: BIP8 bit error in SM section
bip-pm: BIP8 bit error in PM section
BIP8 threshold setting:

cfg-set-bip8th:Bid, Port, th-type, over-th, sd-th;
Bit error threshold-crossing level: 57 (default value: 7)
Bit error degradation level: 15 (default value: 4)
Meanings of threshold level values:
1 1.0E-9, 2 1.0E-8, 3 1.0E-7, 4 1.0E-6, 5 1.0E-5, 6
1.0E-4, 7 1.0E-3
Huawei Confidential
Page 47
OTN Common AlarmsSM-BEI and

PM-BEI
SM-BEISM-BEI is a backward error indication that is returned by a

board to its upstream board, indicating the number of bit errors
detected in the BIP-8 bits of SM. For meanings of bits, see next
page.
PM-BEIPM-BEI is a backward error indication that is returned by a

board to its upstream board, indicating the number of bits errors
detected in the BIP-8 bits of PM. For meanings of bits, see next
page.
OTN alarm suppression is the alarm suppression between the

WDM receiver side and SDH transmitter side.
Huawei Confidential
Page 48
OTN Common Alarms ----SM-BEI
OTUk SM BEI used to send back the BIP-8 error
OTUk SM BEI/BIAE
BIAE
bits
BIP violations
1234
0
0001
false
0010
false
0011
false
0100
false
0101
false
0110
false
0111
false
1000
false
1001,1010
false
1011
true
1100 to 1111
false
Huawei Confidential
SM
1
TTI
BIP-8
1 2
0
SAPI
15
16
DAPI
31
32
Operator
Specific
63
Page 49
BEI/BIAE
IAE
false
BDI
0000
RES
T1542540-00
(114739)
OTN Common Alarms ----PM-BEI

ODUk PM BEI bit: Used to send back the BIP-8 error received by ODUk
ODUk PM BEI
BIP violations
bits
1234
PM
0000
0001
TTI
BIP-8
0010
0011
0100
SAPI
15
16
BEI
BDI
DAPI
0101
31
32
0110
0111
1000
1001 to 1111
Operator
Specific
63
Huawei Confidential
Page 50
STAT
Suppression Correlation Between

OTN Alarms
R_LOS
R_LOC
OTU_AIS
FEC_LOF(OTU_LOF)
FEC_OOF
OTU_OOM
SM_TIM
ODU_AIS
ODU_OCI ODU_LCK
SM_BDI
SM_BIP8_EXC
SM_IAE
SM_BEI
SM_BIP8_SD
PM_TIM
PM_BDI
PM_BIP8_EXC
PM_BEI
SMS
_AIS
PM_BIP8_SD
R_OOF
R_OOF
B2_EXC
B1_EXC
SMS
_REI
J0_MM
B2_SD
FEC_BER_EXC
SMS
_RDI
Huawei Confidential
B1_SD
Page 51
Summary
Common alarms
Alarm generating mechanism
Huawei Confidential
Page 52
Contents
Part1
OTN Overview
Part2
G.709 Introduction
Part3
G.709 Overheads
Part4
OTN Common
Alarms
Part5 OTN in 1600G
Product
Huawei Confidential
Page 53
Common Board Alarms of 1600G

2
1
Client side
equipment
OTU
4
Client side
equipment
OTU
ALS DISABLE on WDM side
OTU
SSE3LWF(S)
LOS
ODU-AIS
SM-BDI (Note 1)
MS-AIS
SSE1LBF(S)-SDH
LOS
ODU-AIS
SM-BDI (Note 1)
MS-AIS
SSE1LBF(S)-
LOS
ODU-AIS
SM-BDI (Note 1)
Link-Error
SSE1LBE(S)
LOS
ODU-AIS
SM-BDI(Note 1)
Link-Error
SSE2LWF(S)
LOS
ODU-AIS
PM-BDI
MS-AIS
SSE1LWF(S)
LOS
ODU-AIS
PM-BDI
MS-AIS
SSE1LWC1
LOS
ODU-AIS
PM-BDI
MS-AIS
Recommendation
LOS
LOF
None
LOF
10GE(transparent
transmission)
Note 1: According to Recommendations, a board should return a PM-BDI alarm when receiving a ODU-AIS signal. However,
both SM-BDI and PM-BDI alarms are returned due to the processing chip defects. In 1600G, SM-BDI suppresses SM-BDI
(not suppressed as specified in Recommendations) when they coexist , so only the SM-BDI alarm is reported finally.
Huawei Confidential
Page 54
OTN support in 1600G
The boards support OTN in1600G
LWF,LWFS,FDG,LBE,LBES,LOG,LOGS,LRF,LRFS,L
WC1,TMR,TMRS,TMX,TMXS,TRC1,ETMX,ETMXS,
LBF,LBFS
Huawei Confidential
Page 55
Client side
equipment
1
OTU
Client side
equipment
Client side
equipment
4
OTU
Client side
equipment
ALS DISABLE on WDM side
HUAWEI
TECHNOLOGIES
Huawei
For the
above
boards, theCO.,
ALSLTD.
on the client
sideConfidential
is enabled by default.
Page 56

OUT
SSE1TMX(S)
LOS on all the
SSE2TMX(S)
4 channels
ODU-AIS
LOS on some
Client-SF on
of the
corresponding
channels (<4)
channels (client side)
SSE1ETMX(S
LOS on all the
ODU-AIS
)-SDH
4 channels
SSE1LOG(S)
LOS / MS-AIS on all the 4 channels (ALS
defect)
enabled/disabled on client side)
None
LOS / MS-AIS on corresponding channels

(ALS enabled/disabled on client side)
LOS on some
Client-SF on
of the
corresponding
channels(<4)
LOS on all the
ODU-AIS
SM-BDI (chip
LOS / MS-AIS on all the 4 channels (ALS
defect)
enabled/disabled on client side)
None
LOS / MS-AIS on corresponding channels

8 channels
SSE1FDG
SM-BDI (chip
LOS on some
Client-SF on
of the
corresponding
channels (<8)
LOS on both
Client-SF on both
channels
LOS on one
Client-SF on
channel
corresponding channel
SM-BDI (chip
Link-Error on all the 8 channels (enable
defect)
LPT
None
Link-Error on corresponding channels

(enable LPT
None
LOS / LOS/R-DATA-LOST on both channels

None
LOS / MS-AIS on corresponding channel

(client side)
Recommend
LOS on N
None
None
LOF on N channels
ation SDH
channels
service)
LOS on some
Client-SF on
None
LOF on corresponding channels
channels
corresponding
Huawei Confidential
Page 57
SSE1/E2/E3LWF(S)/SSE2LWC1/
SSE1LBF(S)-SDH Service
WDM side
Client side
3
Client side
equipment
OTU
1
Signal from lines
PM-BIP8-ERROR
PM-BIP8-ERROR
PM-BEI
Bit error
SM-BIP8-ERROR
SM-BIP8-ERROR
SM-BEI
Bit error
OTU-AIS
OTU-AIS
SM-BDI
MS-AIS
OTU-LOF
OTU-LOF
SM-BDI
MS-AIS
No optical signal due to
LOS
SM-BDI
MS-AIS
ODU-AIS/LCK/OCI
SM-BDI
MS-AIS
broken fibers
ODU-AIS/LCK/OCI
PM-BDI
Note 1
Note 1:
E1/E2LWF(S) and SSE2LWC1 return PM-BDI alarms, which complies with OTN standards.
E3LWF (S) and E1LBF (S) return SM-BDI alarms, which is caused by chip defects.
According to Recommendations, a LOF alarm should be returned to the client when the WDM side reports
a LOS, OUT-LOF/AIS or ODU-AIS/LCK/OCI alarm. For the above boards, the ALS on the client side is
enabled by default.
Huawei Confidential
Page 58
SSE1LBE(S)/SSE1LBF(S) - 10GE
WDM side
Client side
Service
1
3
Client side
equipment
OTU
Signal from lines
PM-BIP8-ERROR
PM-BIP8-ERROR
PM-BEI
DATA-ERROR
SM-BIP8-ERROR
SM-BIP8-ERROR
SM-BEI
DATA-ERROR
OTU-AIS
OTU-AIS
SM-BDI
LINK-ERR
OTU-LOF
OTU-LOF
SM-BDI
LINK-ERR
No optical signal due to broken
LOS
SM-BDI
LINK-ERR
ODU-AIS/LCK/OCI
SM-BDI (chip defect)
LINK-ERR
fibers
ODU-AIS/LCK/OCI
Remark: For SSE1LBF-10GE service, link-error alarms can be generated in the

transparent transmission mode, but not in the convergence mode currently
(March 2007; to be realized later).
Huawei Confidential
Page 59
SSE1TMX(S)/SSE2TMX(S)/SSE1ETMX
1
3
(S)
WDM side
Client side
OTU
Client side
equipment
Signal from lines
PM-BIP8-ERROR
PM-BIP8-ERROR
PM-BEI
No exception
SM-BIP8-ERROR
SM-BIP8-ERROR
SM-BEI
No exception
OTU-AIS
OTU-AIS
SM-BDI
MS-AIS on all channels
OTU-LOF
OTU-LOF
SM-BDI
LOS
SM-BDI
ODU-AIS
ODU-AIS
SM-BDI (chip defect)
ODU-LCK/OCI
ODU-LCK/OCI
SM-BDI (chip defect) (Note 1)
No optical signal due to

broken fibers
LOS/MS-AIS on all channels

(Note 3)
(Note 2)
Note 1: The E1TMX(S) can return SM-BDI alarms only in version 126 or a later version.
Note 2: The E1TMX(S) can return MS-AIS alarms only in version 146 or a later version.
The E1TMX(S) returns LOF alarms instead in all previous versions.
Note 3: The ALS on the client side is enabled by default, so LOS alarms are returned.If ALS is disabled,
MS-AIS alarms are returned instead.
Huawei Confidential
Page 60
SSE1FDG
WDM side
3
Client side
equipment
OTU
Signal from lines
Client side
PM-BIP8-ERROR
PM-BIP8-ERROR
PM-BEI
No exception
SM-BIP8-ERROR
SM-BIP8-ERROR
SM-BEI
No exception
OTU-AIS
OTU-AIS
SM-BDI
LOS on all channels (Note 1)
OTU-LOF
OTU-LOF
SM-BDI
No optical signal due
LOS
SM-BDI
ODU-AIS
ODU-AIS
PM-BDI
ODU-LCK/OCI
ODU-LCK/OCI
PM-BDI
to broken fibers
Note 1: The ALS on the client side is enabled by default, so LOS alarms are returned. If ALS is disabled, the
interconnected FDG client will report R-DATA-LOST alarms.
Huawei Confidential
Page 61
Terminated and Reported Alarms of

1600G
OTU (Non-trunk board)
WDM side
OTU (Trunk board)
Client side
OTU
Client side
equipment
OOM, TIM, BEI, BDI and IAE alarms: The WDM side
checks the reported alarms and terminates them.
OTU
TMR
LRF
OOM, TIM, BEI, BDI and IAE alarms: The receiver side
checks the reported alarms and transfers them
transparently to downstream sites.
Huawei Confidential
Page 62
OTN Alarm Processing of 1600G

Trunk Board1
Processing on 1600G
Such as: TMR(S), LRF(S) and TRC1
VS
Recommendations
Note: As specified in recommendations,
alarms in SM section should be
terminated in REG other than transmitted
transparently to downstream sites.
Huawei Confidential
Page 63
OTN Alarm Processing of 1600G

Trunk Board2
Processing on 1600G
Such as: TMR(S), LRF(S) and TRC1
Recommendations
VS
E1LRF(S): For the software version 1.21/FPGA220 or a later version, the board returns ODU-AIS alarms if forced to transfer optical signals. If the version is
not compliant, the peer side reports an otu-lof alarm after receiving the optical signals forcibly transferred by the board.
E2LRF(S): For the software version 2.13/FPGA230 or a later version, the board returns an ODU-AIS alarm after forced to transfer optical signals. If the
version is not compliant, the peer side reports an otu-lof alarm after receiving the optical signals forcibly transferred by the board.
When receiving OTU-LOF signal, E2TRC1 reports a LOC alarm.
By default, ALS of Huawei trunk board is enabled. Therefore, a downstream board reports LOS other than ODU-AIS when receiving a LOS alarm.
Huawei Confidential
Page 64
Summary
Which boards of long-distance WDM equipment support OTN?
What alarms will be reported by the peer board when a board

receives an ODU-AIS signal (3LWF/E2LWF)
What are the differences in OTN alarm processing of a 1600G trunk

board, in comparison with recommendations?
A and B are E3LWF, and C is E1TMR. If the optical fiber is broken at

A, what alarms will be generated on these points? If A and B are
E2LWF, what alarms will be generated?
C
A
B
C
Huawei Confidential
Page 65
Thank You
www.huawei.com

Introduction To Frame Structure and Alarm Analysis in OTN

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Introduction To Frame Structure and Alarm Analysis in OTN

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What is G.709? The relation between OTN and

Why we learn the G.709 and OTN?

What need we pay more attention to ?

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Know the basic knowledge about OTN and

Master the frame structure of OTN.

Master the alarm system and analysis in

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Basic Knowledge of OTN

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Basic Knowledge of OTN

Provides optical channels to carry client signals, independent of clients.

Provides transmission, multiplexing, routing, management and monitoring

Based on the overhead design of SDH, OTN introduces abundant

OTN defines intra-domain and inter-domain network interfaces.

OTN introduces outband FEC, improving the error tolerance of lines.

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Structure and Interfaces of OTN

Clients (e.g. STM-N, ATM, IP, Ethernet)

n: indicates the number of waves carried in

1(OTU1), 2(OTU2), 3(OTU3), 12(OTU1 & OTU2

r: indicates the function that has been

removed from the OTM. Here, the OSC

With OSC signals added, OTM-nr.m becomes

Thinking: What is the meaning of OTM-40.123?

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For details about OTN structure

OCh Payload Unit (OPUk)

OCh Data Unit (ODUk)

Optical Channel (OCh)

Optical Channel Carrier (OCC)

OCh Transport Unit (OTUk)

Optical Multiplex Section

Optical Supervisory Channel

In OPUk ODUk OTUk ,the value for k is 1,2, or 3

1 for 2.5G,2 for 10G, 3 for 40G

Linking with WDM

the wavelength division equipment converts multiple independent wavelength

(Optical Transport Section).

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Sub-layers of the OCh layer of OTN

Available values and meanings of k, m, n, r and 0

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OTN Network Interfaces

User to Network Interface (UNI)

Inter Domain Interface (IrDI)

Intra Domain Interface (IaDI)

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G.661, G.662, G.663, G.671

G.661, .662, G.663,

Function and feature

G.783, G.784, G.813, G.825,

G.826, G.958, G.EPRMS

G.703, G.957, G.691

Structure and mapping

G.774-x, G.784, G.831

G.709 defines the strcture and mapping of OTN.

Frame Structure of G.709

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K indicates the rate level:

Comparison between Frame