CELLORGANELLEFUNCTIONSUseinformationfrom

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Givethefunctionsofthefollowingorganelles
1.
ProkaryoticCells
(priortoanucleus)areallbacteriacells.
*Theydonothaveanucleus.
*Theylackmembranebound
organelles.
2.

EukaryoticCells
(truenucleus)areprotists,fungi,plants,animals
*theyhaveanucleusandMBOs.

Organelle

Function

Picture

*Nucleus

Structure,FunctionandRelationshipsofthe
7MajorCellOrganelles
Membraneboundorganellefoundineukaryotic
cells.
ContainsDNAinchromosomes.
Poresarefoundinnuclearmembrane.

*Vacuole

Directscellactivitythroughproteinsynthesis.

DNAtranscribesmRNA.

Small(animals)membraneboundorganelles.Largeinplants.
Storageofwaterorfood;Isolatessubstancesthatmaybe
harmfultotherestofthecell.
Maintainsturgorpressureinplantcells.
Isolatesharmfulsubstancesfromtherestofthecell.
Semipermeablemembraneofvacuolecontrolswhatenters
andleavesthevacuole.

Largewatervacuolesinplantcellsmaintainturgorpressure.

Isolatingmechanismprotectsothercellorganelles.

*Mitochondria

Mitochondriahaveaninnerandoutermembrane.Theinner
membraneisfolded.

Mitochondriafunctionintheprocessofaerobiccellular
respiration.TheyproduceATPenergyforthecell.

Theincreasedsurfaceareabecauseofthefoldedinner
membranegivesmorespaceforcellularrespiration.

*Ribosome

Onesmallsubunitandonelargesubunit,bothconsistingof
rRNAandproteins.
Notmembranebound
.

IntegratesmRNAwithtRNAtotranslatetheDNAcodeintoa
specificprotein.
RibosomeinteractswithmRNAinformationfromthe
nucleus
toformproteins.

Proteinsareimportantforallcellorganelles(structure,
hormones,enzymes)
mRNAmovesbetweenthelargeandsmallsubunit.Thereis
anopeningforgrowingpolypeptidetoleaveribosome.

*Chloroplast

Smallgreenorganelles.Consistofstacks(grana)of
membraneboundsacs.
Containchlorophyll.
ChloroplastshavetheirownDNAwhichlookslikebacterial
DNA.

Hasgreenpigment(chlorophyll)whichabsorbslightenergyfor
photosynthesis

Membranoussacsprovidelargesurfaceareafor
photosynthesisreactions.

Chlorophyllandotherphotosyntheticpigmentstrap
lightenergy.

*Cellmembrane
(plasma
membrane)

Description:
Plasmamembraneisaphospholipidbilayer.ItThe
plasmamembraneofacellisaselectivelypermeable
membrane.Itmaintainschemicalhomeostasis.

Theproteinshelpincellsignalingbetweencells.isa
fluidmosaicwhichalsocontainsproteinmoleculesand
cholesterol.

Function:
Theplasmamembraneofacellisaselectively
permeablemembrane.Itmaintainschemical
homeostasis.
Theproteinshelpincellsignalingbetweencells.

*Lysosome

*CellWall

Function:
Mechanicalsupportyetplastic.

Protectscellfromburstingunderhighturgorpressure.
Protectscellsfrominsectsandpathogens
RekationofStructure
Cellulosemicrofibersprovidestrength.
Plasmodesmataarechannelswhichconnectplantcellstoeach
other.

Whatarethedifferencesbetweenaplantcellandananimalcell?