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SOLAR COLLECTORS:
Collector is a device which absorbs the incoming solar
radiation, converts it into heat, and transfers this
heat to
a fluid (usually air, water, or oil) flowing through the
collector.
COLLECTORS
Collecting
Flat (or)
Non
concentric
Concentric
(or)
Focussing
Mounting
Stationary
Adjustable
Fluids
Liquid
Flat (or)
Non
concentric
Fluid Type
FLUID TYPE :
AIR TYPE
Air Type
A typical diagrams of
Flat plate solar
thermal
collectors
GLAZING:
o
It is used to reduce convective and radiative heat losses from the absorber.
ABSORBER :
o
o
Coating is applied on the surface to maximize the absorptance of solar energy and
minimizes the
radiation emitted by plate.
TUBES OR HEADERS :
o
o
Insulation:
These are some materials such as fiberglass and they are placed at the back
and sides of
the collector to reduce heat losses. eg. wool, fiber etc...
Container :
Which encloses the other components together and protects from the weather.
Glazing
Riser
Absorbing plate
Glazing
Riser
Absorbing plate
Insulation
Insulation
Glazing
Riser
Absorbing plate
Insulation
Glazing
Riser
Absorbing plate
Insulation
Working Principle
Glazing design
Due to two glass sheets are used losses due to air convection are
further reduced , this is mainly used and important in windy areas.
The air space between the cover and the absorber prevents heat
loss by convection
It can be reduced by using "water white glass" with low iron content
Absorber design
Air Heaters
Non porus
Absorber
Porus
Absorber
Non porus absorber : Air flows above and beneath the absorber.
Porus Absorber
A Typical
Flat plate collector
Solar air heater
and
The most favourable orientation of the panel is facing due south with
an inclination of 15o latitude with the horizontal.
Applications
Air collectors
Heating Buildings
Drying Agricultural Products
Heating Green houses.
Heat source for heat engines.
Advantages
Flat
Plate
collectors
Both Beam and Diffuse radiations
orientation need not be towards sun
little maintaince
simplier than concentric plate type
However, as it is shown Figure 2, a part of this radiation is reflected back to the sky,
another component is absorbed by the glazing and the rest is transmitted through the
glazing and reaches the absorber plate as short wave radiation.
Therefore the conversion factor indicates the percentage of the solar rays penetrating
the transparent cover of the collector (transmission) and the percentage being
absorbed.
Basically, it is the product of the rate of transmission of the cover and the absorption
rate of the absorber and is given by
The rate of heat loss (Qo) depends on the collector overall heat loss
coefficient (UL) and the collector temperature.
It is also known that the rate of extraction of heat from the collector may be
measured by means of the amount of heat carried away in the fluid passed
through it, that is:
the fluid inlet temperature. This quantity is known as the collector heat
removal factor (FR) and is expressed as:
Upto 20000C
CONCLUSION
Long lasting
Cheaper than other water heating systems.
However,they requires large areas
Also solar energy is free
If we do not include the initial cost for installation and the maintenance.
Finally; besides these we should remember by using solar energy we can
protect nature
The End