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3/2/16
Responding to Change
LO
To describe the human nervous system
Identify neurons from diagrams
Describe a reflex arc
Key Words
Nerve
Neurone
Reflex
The central
nervous system is
composed of the
brain, spinal chord
and peripheral
nervous system
which together
serve to coordinate and
regulate body
functions
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
brain
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Spinal Cord
Spinal cord
cross
section
PNS
Consists of:
-includes all neurons (sensory
neurons, motor neurons), and
sense organs
Add these notes to the workbook page CNS and PNS next
to the diagram.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - area of coordination. Like a
command centre. Processes, analyses and integrates
information to coordinate the activity of different parts of
the body.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- carries information from
receptors to the CNS and then messages from the CNS to the
rest of the body.
GCSE Science
Chapter 2
Touch
Chemicals Temperature
Light
Sound
The nervous system sorts out information from the senses and
sends messages to those muscles/glands
which make the
appropriate response
What are the 5 sense organs and what can they sense?
Touch
Sound
Smell
Sight
Taste
light
sound
Chemicals in
mouth
pressure
temperature
Chemicals in
air
Important Word
Meaning
Receptor
Response
Nervous system
Coordinator
Stimuli (singularstimulus)
Effector
Sense organs
Eyes pick up
light waves
Nose picks up
Ear picks up through the
retinachemical signa
sound waves
through the
through the
GCSE Science
GCSE Science
Chapter 2
Cable (Nerve)
GCSE Science
receptor
sensory
neurone
coordinator
motor
neurone
effector
brain
arm and
hand
muscles
leg
muscles
Common
reflexes
What types of reflexes can you think of?
Reflex Arc
Automatic responses to stimuli are called reflex actions.
A reflex response is rapid and its function is protection
The spinal cord mediates reflex responses to some sensory impulses directly ie.
without going to the brain. This makes it much faster.
The messages pass through a reflex arc:
A reflex arc
reflex video
Stimulus
Receptor
Co-ordinator
Effector
response
A reflex arc has the same flow chart as any nerve pathway. The difference
is that the CNS is represented by a single relay neurone, usually in the
spinal cord.
receptor
sensory
neurone
CNS
motor
neurone
effector
You touch something painful with your finger tip and you quickly withdraw
your hand:
CNS
arm and
shoulder
muscles
A doctor taps the ligament below the knee and you kick your leg. The knee
jerk reflex:
stretch
receptor in
thigh
muscle
CNS
thigh
muscle
Collect a mini
whiteboard and
pen.
Multiple-choice quiz
Which is the
sensory neurone
A
C
E
D
Which is the
spinal cord
A
C
E
D
Which is the
stimulus
A
C
E
D
Which is the
motor neurone
A
C
E
D
Which is the
effector
A
C
E
D
Which is the
receptor
A
C
E
D
Skin
Muscle
(effector)
Touch
receptor
Sensory
neuron
Spinal
cord
Electrical
impulse
Motor
neuron
Relay
neuron
Neuronotransmitter
stored it tiny
packages called
vesicles
Presynaptic
Neurone
Synapse
Receptor
molecule
s
Postsynapti
c Neurone
2. Chemical messenger (a
neurotransmitter) is released into
synapse
3. Neurotransmitter diffuses
across
the synapse
4. Neurotransmitter
binds with a
receptor on the
membrane of the
post- synaptic
neuron
IMPULSE
5. Binding of neurotransmitter to
receptor stimulates impulse in
postsynaptic neuron