Design and Demonstration of an

ECG Machine
- A Biomedical Device

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 1
Group # 08 H.M. Mehedi Hassan
2008-2-80-012

Mohammad Iftakhar Alam

2008-2-80-064

Md. Ifranul Islam

2008-2-80-066

Mohd. Mahaboob-Ul-Islam
2008-2-80-072

[Spring 2010, East West University]

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2
 Objective

• This project aims to give a clear and concise

overview of the problems associated with
designing an ECG machine. The use of ECG
machine is now in widespread use today in
places ranging from: Nursing Homes to
Intensive Care Unit. The ECG machine which
we implemented here are Analogue Filter
based .

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3
 What is an ECG?
• The Electrocardiogram, or ECG / EKG is a
surface measurement of the electrical
potential generated by electrical activity in
cardiac tissue. Current flow, in the form of
ions, signals contraction of cardiac muscle
fibers leading to the heart's pumping action.

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 4
 System flow of ECG Machine

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 5
 Monitoring System of
ECG Machine

– Bipolar Leads on body

• RA always negative
• LA always positive

– Electrode position on body

• Electrode I (RA)
• Electrode II (LA)
• Electrode III (RL)

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 6
 Circuit Components
• Equipment used
– Basic Circuit Parts
• Resistor
• Capacitor
• Op-amp (uA741)
• Wire
• Circuit Board
– Apparatus
• Multimeter
• Trainer Board
• Power Supply
• Oscilloscope
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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 7
 uA741CN

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 8
 Schematics of Main Circuit

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 9
 Amplifier Circuit

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 10
 Amplifier
• 2 Stage Inverting Amplifier
– Stage I
• Weighted Summer Input [Vin1 and Vin2]
• Output : Vout_1 = - (R3/R1*Vin1+R3/R2*Vin2)
• Gain : R3/R1+R3/R2
– Stage II
• Single Input [Vout_1]
• Output : Vout = R5/R4*Vout_1
• Gain : R5/R4

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 11
 AC Analysis of Amplifier
Circuit

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 12
 Filter Circuit

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 13
 Filter Design Topology
• Filter Circuit Designing using Sallen-Key topology

– Lowpass Butterworth Filter

• Cutoff Freq = 7Hz
• Stop Band Freq = 11Hz
• Gain : 20dB
• Order : 2

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 14
 Frequency Response of Filter
Circuit

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 15
 Output Via PC/Laptop

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 16
 Output Via PC Software
ECG GUI
This is a software to observe ECG wave form developed under
GUI licence on sun java.

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 17
 Output Via Oscilloscope

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 18
 Graphical Output of ECG
The graphs below show sample traces that were captured using Einthoven's three-lead ECG
method.

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 19
 Problem Faced in Designing
This Project

• Designing Problem
• Component Value Problem
• Input Wiring Problem

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 20
 Designing Problem I

Our first circuit, but we need to make

equivalent circuit of IC AD620A

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 21
 Designing Problem II

Our second circuit, but the problem

was it’s high noise

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 22
 Proposal
• Advance research should be conducted to
implement low cost ECG machine .
• Microcontroller Based ECG Monitoring
System can be developed with having further
research.
• Wireless based singal receiver can be
developed for next generation ECG Machine.

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 23
 Proposed ECG System Design

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 24
 Reference
• Book
– Microelectronic Circuits
Adel S.Sedra & Kenneth C.Smith
– Medical Instrumentation - Application and
Design
John G Webster
• Web
– http://www.wikipedia.org/Operantional_Amplifier
– http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2009-01-
06-force-trainer-toy_N.htm
– http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg
&_imagekey
– http://www.analog.com/

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 25
 Acknowledgement
Dr. Md. Ishfaqur Raza
Associate Professor
Depart of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Md. Forhad Hossain

Graduate Teaching Assistant

Pinak Pani Mondal

Lab Officer

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 26
 Q ? & A:

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 27
 Thank You

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East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 28