Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2015
USA
3. The
Sun
has
a
rotation
rate
of
24.5
days.
Jupiter
has
a
mass
of
9.54 10!!
solar
masses,
and
a
semimajor
axis
of
5.2
AU.
Which
object
has
more
total
angular
momentum?
[2]
4. What
is
the
distance
to
a
star
cluster
whose
stars
at
the
main
sequence
turn-
off
point
have
an
apparent
magnitude
of
= 10
and
an
effective
temperature
of
eff 6000 K?
How
old
is
this
cluster?
[3]
5. Assuming
that
the
universe
currently
is
well
described
by
a
density
parameter
0
=
1,
there
is
no
dark
energy
and
the
current
temperature
of
the
universe
is
2.73
K,
compute
how
long
from
the
present
it
will
take
for
the
universe
to
cool
down
by
0.2
K.
Remember
that
the
temperature
of
the
universe
is
inversely
proportional
to
its
radius
(the
scale
factor).
[3]
9. A
2048
x
3072
pixel
CCD
camera
with
7.2
micron
pixels
is
attached
to
an
f/10
telescope
with
a
0.256
m
primary
mirror.
What
is
the
angular
resolution
of
the
CCD,
in
arcseconds/pixel?
[3]
10. An
interplanetary
spacecraft
bound
for
Saturn
(a
=
9.6
AU)
is
launched
into
a
300
km,
non-inclined
parking
orbit
around
the
Earth.
If
the
spacecraft
takes
a
Hohmann
transfer
to
Saturn,
what
is
the
delta-V
required
for
trans-Saturn
injection,
and
what
is
the
required
delta-V
for
insertion
into
a
100000
km
circular
orbit
around
Saturn?
On
what
side
of
each
planet
should
the
burns
occur?
(Assume
Saturn
is
in
the
same
orbital
plane
as
the
Earth,
and
neglect
the
gravitational
deflection
of
the
ships
path
after
injection
and
before
orbital
insertion.)
[4]
11. Planet
A
orbits
around
Star
A
of
mass
= 0.54
with
a
period
of
= 6
Earth
years.
Astronomers
on
this
planet
want
to
measure
the
distance
of
a
distant
Star
B
which
happens
to
lie
along
the
semimajor
axis
of
Planet
As
orbit,
on
the
side
of
perihelion.
They
choose
to
do
so
using
parallax,
by
noting
the
position
of
Star
B
with
respect
to
the
background
stars
at
two
different
points
in
the
orbit.
These
two
points,
X
and
Y,
are
located
such
that
XY
is
perpendicular
to
the
semimajor
axis,
and
intersects
it
at
the
focus,
i.e.
where
Star
A
is
located.
Astronomers
measure
the
angle
that
Star
B
appears
to
change
from
X
to
Y
as
= 0.05".
If
Planet
A
is
0.537
AU
from
Star
A
at
perihelion,
what
is
the
distance
to
Star
B
in
parsecs?
[4]
12. On
the
vernal
equinox,
the
Sun
has
a
right
ascension
of
0
hours
and
a
declination
of
0.
Starting
from
the
equinox,
calculate
the
number
of
days,
to
the
nearest
tenth,
that
it
takes
for
the
Sun
to
have
a
right
ascension
of
4
hours.
Assume
a
perfectly
circular
orbit
and
that
the
Earth
is
inclined
23.5
to
the
ecliptic
plane.
[4]
13. Rigel
has
equatorial
coordinates
RA
=
05h
14m
32.3s,
Dec
=
-08
12
06,
and
Betelgeuse
has
coordinates
RA
=
05h
55m
10.3s,
Dec
=
+07
24
25.
What
is
the
angular
separation
between
the
two
stars,
and
the
position
angle
of
Rigel
relative
to
Betelgeuse?
If
a
photographer
wants
to
take
a
photo
containing
both
stars,
what
is
the
maximum
focal
length
they
can
use?
[6]
Precision
photometry
of
the
system
shows
what
appears
to
be
an
eclipsing
binary
light
curve.
The
primary
transit
lasts
4
hours
46
minutes
total.
Maximum
transit
depth
lasts
for
4
hours
7
minutes.
(a) Calculate
the
ratio
of
the
radii
and
the
ratio
of
the
luminosities
of
the
two
stars
in
the
system.
[4]
(b) Calculate
the
semimajor
axis
and
mass
of
each
star.
[5]
(c) Calculate
the
actual
luminosity
and
radius
of
each
star.
[3]
(d) How
far
away
is
the
system?
The
Solar
flux
at
Earth
is
1366
W/m! .
[4]
(e) What
is
the
angular
size
of
the
stars
orbit?
Can
the
telescope
distinguish
the
two
stars?
What
is
the
minimum
separation
the
telescope
can
distinguish
at
the
distance
of
this
system?
Assume
the
telescope
observes
at
a
wavelength
of
550
nm.
[3]
(f) Does
the
available
data
indicate
any
other
objects
in
the
system?
If
so,
provide
mass,
semimajor
axis,
and
a
likely
type.
Justify
your
identification.
[6]
Problem 5
Question not graded
Problem 6
m = 8, p = 0.003, and T = 6000 K.
d = 1/p = 333pc
m M = 5 log(d/10)
M = m 5 log(d/10) = 0.385
L
(Msolar M )/5
= 59.9Lsolar
Lsolar = 100
The stars temperature is approximately sunlike, suggesting class G, but it
is significantly more luminous, suggesting a giant. G0III would be a reasonable
possible spectral type.
Problem 7
0
From Weins Law, = Tb . From the definition of Redshift, z =
0 , where
0 is the emitted wavelength. Solving for 0 , we get 0 = /(z + 1)
Combining this with Weins Law, we get:
T = b(z+1)
lambda
Using Weins Law and the given temperature of 2.73 K, we find that the
recieved wavelength is 1.06 mm. Plugging this into the above expression, we
obtain at temperature of 30.03 K for z = 10.
Problem 8
At blackbody equilibrium, power in is equal to power out, so we have:
Pout = 4Rp2 Tp4
L
2
Pin = A (1 ) 4D
2 = Rp (1 )
Pin = Pout
2
4R
T4
4Rp2 Tp4 = Rp2 (1 ) 4D
2
2
4R
T4
4D 2
R2
The position angle is measured east of north. For our chosen triangle, this
corresponds to the angle with Betelgeuse as its vertex. Again applying the
spherical trigonometric relationships, we find the position angle to be 33.12
degrees.
To cover both stars, the picture must cover 18.6 degrees of the sky, which
corresponds to 66960 arcseconds. Plate scale, in arcseconds/mm, is given by
206265/focal length. Solving for the focal length, we get a value of 3.08*film
size, which is a focal length of 108 mm on 35 mm film or 216 mm on 70 mm.
Long Problem
a. Drawing the transit light curve, we can see that between the first and
second contacts, the relative motion of the stars is equal to twice the radius of
the transiting star. Similarly, the time between second and third contacts is
1
proportional to twice the primary stars radius. Dividing, we get rr21 = tt23 t
t2 =
13.67
We can use Weins Law and the provided blackbody peaks to calculate the
temperature of each star. We can now use the Stefan-Boltzmann Law to find
the ratio of the
2 luminosities:
4
L1
R1
T1
= 934
L2 = R2
T2
b. We use the provided chart to determine the orbital period of the binary
v
system (approximately 5.7 days) as well as the semi-amplitude (using
= c ).
Using the period and velocity of each star, we determine the semimajor axes
according to r = vT
2 , for semimajor axes of 0.0450 and 0.0771 AU for stars 1
and 2 respectively.
Applying Keplers Third Law for the entire system, we get a total mass of
1.90 solar masses. Since m1 r1 = m2 r2 , we can determine the individual mass of
each star, 1.20 solar masses for star 1 and 0.70 solar masses for star 2.
c. Using the velocity of each star, we can find the relative velocity of the
two stars (just sum). This can then be used to solve the equations from part a
directly, giving radii of 1.35 and 0.099 solar radii for stars 1 and 2, respectively.
We can now apply the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, dividing by the solar expression,
to determine the luminosity of each star (2.54 solar luminosities for star 1, 0.0027
for star 2).
d. Apparent magnitude can be found by finding the total flux of the system
and using the Suns apparent magnitude and the solar flux as a standard can1
dle, applying M = 2.512 log F
F2 . Similarly, using the luminosity of the system
with the Suns absolute magnitude as a standard candle can provide an absolute magnitude for the system. Now that we have an apparent and absolute
magnitude, we apply the distance modulus to get d = 5.94 pc.
e. Applying the small angle formula, we get a maximum angular separation
2. Tohavealunareclipse,thelineofnodesmustbepointingatthesun.Themoonmust
alsobeinwhatphase?
a. New
b. FirstQuarter
c. WaxingGibbous
d. Full
e. WaningCrescent
3. Marsorbitsthesunonceevery687days.SupposeMarsiscurrentlyintheconstellation
Virgo.Whatconstellationwillitmostlikelybeinayearfromnow?
a. Virgo
b. Scorpius
c. Aquarius
d. Taurus
e. Cancer
4. Tocalculatethefieldofviewofatelescope,youmeasurethetimeittakesCapella
o
(RA:5.27h,dec:45.98
)topassacrosstheeyepiece.Ifthemeasuredtimeis2minutesand
30seconds,whatisthefieldofviewinarcseconds?
a. 11.6
b. 26.5
c. 37.5
d. 52.5
e. 66.8
5. Atelescopewithfocallengthof20mmandapertureof10mmisconnectedtoyour
smartphone,whichhasaCCDthatmeasures4.0mmby4.0mm.TheCCDis1024by
1024pixels.Whichisclosesttothefieldofviewofthetelescope?
o
a. 1
o
b. 5
o
c. 10
o
d. 15
o
e. 20
6. Whatisitstheresolutioninarcsecondsperpixel?
a. 10/pixel
b. 40/pixel
c. 120/pixel
d. 1200/pixel
e. 3600/pixel
7. Comet67P/ChuryumovGerasimenkohasanorbitalperiodaroundtheSunof6.44years.
Whatisitssemimajoraxis,inAU?
a. 41.47
b. 16.34
c. 6.44
d. 3.46
e. 1.86
8. Whichofthefollowingtechniquesmostdirectlyconstrainsthemassofanexoplanet?
a. RadialVelocity
b. TransitTiming
c. Microlensing
d. DirectImaging
e. ProperMotion
9. WhichtwopropertiesofgalaxiesdoestheTullyFisherrelationutilizeacorrelation
between?
a. Luminosityandvelocitydispersion
b. Luminosityandrotationalvelocity
c. Radiusandmetallicity
d. Luminosityandmetallicity
e. Massandsurfacebrightness
10. Abinarystarsystemhastwocomponents:StarAandStarB.StarAhasamassof5solar
masses,andStarBhasthesamemassasourSun.Assumingcircularorbits,howmany
timesclosertothecenterofmassofthesystemisStarAthanStarB?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 10
e. 25
11. Whatis,approximately,thepeakwavelengthofelectromagneticradiationemittedbya
staratatemperatureof5,000K?
a. 580Angstroms
b. 5,800Angstroms
c. 4,600Angstroms
d. 2,900Angstroms
e. 58,000Angstroms
12. StarsAandBareobservedoveraperiodof1
year.Bothstarsappeartomovewithrespectto
thebackgroundstarsfromthepositionindicated
ontheleftinthediagrambelow,totheposition
indicatedontheright,andthenbacktothe
positionontheleftoverthefullyear.Whichstar
isfurtherfromtheEarth?
a. StarA
b. StarB
c. BothstarsarethesamedistancefromtheEarth
d. Notenoughinformationgiven
13. Supposethatyoumeasuretheparallaxangleforaparticularstartobe0.25arcsecond.
Thedistancetothisstaris
a. 2pc
b. 0.5ly
c. 2ly
d. 4pc
e. 0.5pc
14. Onthemainsequence,starsobtaintheirenergy
a. fromchemicalreactions.
b. fromgravitationalcontraction.
c. byconvertinghydrogentohelium.
d. byconvertingheliumtocarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen.
e. fromnuclearfission.
15. StarAhasaradiusthatis2timeslargerthantheradiusofstarB,andasurface
temperaturethatis2timessmallerthanthesurfacetemperatureofstarB.Therefore,star
Ais
a. 4timesmoreluminousthanstarB.
b. 16timeslessluminousthanstarB.
c. 16timesmoreluminousthanstarB.
d. asluminousasstarB.
e. 4timeslessluminousthanstarB.
16. AandB,twomainsequencestarsofthesamespectralclass,haveapparentmagnitudes
of17and12,respectively.IfstarAis1kpcaway,whatisthedistancetostarB?
a. 10pc.
b. 100pc.
c. 10kpc.
d. 50pc.
e. 100kpc.
17. Giventhatdarkenergyisvacuumenergy,andthatthedensitiesofdarkenergy,dark
matterandnormalmatterintheuniversearecurrently =6.7 1030g/cm3 , DM =
2.4 1030g/cm3 and =0.5 1030g/cm3 ,whatistheratioofthedensityofdark
energyatthetimeofthecosmicmicrowavebackgroundemission,tothecurrentdensity
ofdarkenergy?
a. 0.432
b. 2.31
c. 1
d. 2.5
e. 0.5
18. AtypeIasupernovawasobservedinagalaxywitharedshiftof0.03.Thesupernovawas
determinedtobe1.3 108 pcawayfromEarth.DeterminetheHubbletimeusingthis
observation.
a. 1.41 1010 years
b. 1.41 1010 seconds
c. 1.33 109 years
d. 47.1years
e. 1.33 109 seconds
19. In a main sequence star, gravitational collapse is counteracted by:
a. Radiation pressure
b. Heat
c. Neutrinos
d. Electron degeneracy pressure
e. Neutron degeneracy pressure
20.If the hydrogen alpha line of a star, normally 656.3 nm, is observed to be 662.5
nm, what is the stars radial velocity relative to the Earth?
6
a. 2.83*10
m/s
6
b. -2.83*10m/s
c. 0.00945 m/s
d. -0.00945 m/s
3
e. -2.83*10
m/s
o
b. Pollux(RA7h45m,Dec28
2)
o
c. Regulus(RA10h8m,Dec11
58)
o
d. Spica(RA13h25m,Dec11
14)
o
e. Antares(RA16h29,Dec26
26)
27. AsynodicdayonMarsis24hoursand40minutes.IfoneMartianyearis687earthdays,
whichofthefollowingisclosesttoasiderealdayonMars?
a. 23h56m
b. 24h15m
c. 24h37m
d. 24h40m
e. 24h42m
28. Supposeattheequator,astarpassesthroughthezenithatlocalnoononthesummer
solstice.Whatistherightascensionanddeclinationofthestar?
o
a. 0h0
o
b. 0h90
o
c. 6h0
o
d. 12h0
o
e. 12h90
29. 40lightyearsaway,anexoplanetorbitsastarof5solarmassesevery14years.
Assumingthissystemhasaninclinationof90asviewedfromEarth,whatisthe
projecteddiameteroftheexoplanetsorbitasviewedfromEarth?
a. 0.3
b. 0.8
c. 1.6
d. 2.5
e. 1.2
30. Aplanetorbitsastarwithaprojectedsemimajoraxisof0.24.Whatisthenecessary
aperturesizeofatelescopethancanresolvethisorbitusing1000nmlight?
a. 0.13m
b. 0.52m
c. 1.05m
d. 3.10m
e. 2.04m