Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
ECE 4433: Digital Communication Systems
EXERCISE-03 Try these problems (you need not submit solutions) 1. Fig. 1 shows the waveforms of four signals (), = 1,2,3,4. Using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, find an orthonormal basis for this set of signals. Construct the corresponding signal-space. 2. Fig. 2 shows a pair of signals 1 () and 2 (). Show that these signals are orthogonal to each other. Construct the signal constellation for this pair of signals. 3. Consider the three waveforms, , = 1,2,3, shown in Fig. 3. Use these orthogonal
waveforms to approximate the function () = ( 4 ) over the interval 0 4 by the
linear combination 3
() = () =1
Determine the coefficients , = 1,2,3, that minimize the mean square approximation error 4
= [() ()]2 0
Determine the residual mean square error
4. Determine a set of orthonormal functions for the four signals shown in Fig. 4. 5. Given () = [ ( 1)0 ], = 1,2,3,4,5, where 1 () = [() ( 0 ] 0 Sketch the signals represented by: i) (-1,2,3,1,4), ii) (3,-2,3,4,1), iii) (-2,4,2,2,0), and (2,1,-4,-4,2) in signal space. Find the energy of each signal. Also, find pairs of signals that are orthogonal.