Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
B.A. MALAYALAM
Core Course
III SEMESTER
(CU-CBCSS)
(2014 Admission onwards)
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Calicut university P.O, Malappuram Kerala, India 673 635.
543
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
III Semester
STUDY MATERIAL
(CU-CBCSS)
Core Course
B.A MALAYALAM
Prepared by:
Reserved
Page 2
D-io \r-w
hn-jv-Wp-\m-cm-b-W \-q-Xn-cn
1.
D.
2.
D.
3.
4.
D.
5.
D.
6.
D.
7.
D.
8.
D.
9.
D.
10.
D.
11.
D.
12.
D.
13.
D.
14.
D.
Page 3
lyhpw A-hpw _o-Phpw B-bn ]n-cn-v kr-n cq-]-s-Sp- im-kv{X-t_m-[hpw H-cpan-v I-hn-X-bn A-h-X-cn-n-p-n-S-m-Wv I-hn im-kv-{X k--ev]-s {]-tbm-P-\-s-Spn-bn-cn-p-Xv.
15.
D.
16.
D.
17.
D.
`q-an-sb a-sm-c-c-mbpw Po-hnX-s k-m-e-b-]q--am-b \r--ambpw A-h Im-Wpp. kz- hn-`q-Xn-I-fn-s-nepw Iq-sS Xm kv-t\-ln-p- ]p-cp-j-\p-s t_m-[w
A-h-v i-n ]-I-cpp. I-em-Imc-\v `q-an-bm-Wv G-sd {]n-bw F- k-Xyhpw I-hn
C-hn-sS B-hn-jv--cn-p-p.
18.
D.
19
D.
cv
20.
D.
{Kmas
21.
D.
cv
22.
D.
A-Sp- Zn-h-khpw \m-K-cnI-s A-[zm\-s Nqj-Ww sN--W-sa-v I-cp-Xn-bm-Wv cv \m-K-cnI-\v A---jv-Ww hm-bn h-p-\-Ip--Xv.
23.
D.
]--W-n-\p-S-p- {Km-a-n
Page 4
24.
D.
X-s {Kma-s
25.
D.
{Kmao-W P-\-sf.
ImfI
]n. `m-kv-c
1.
D.
]n. `m-kv-c
2.
D.
3.
D.
]n. `m-kv-c
4.
D.
]n. `m-kv-c
5.
"hnm-fn-bm-Wp Rm Po-hn-X-ku-cy
h-In ao--e-s-s eyw" B-cp-sS h-cn-I-fm-Wv Ch?
D.
]n. `m-kv-c
6.
D.
1954
7.
D.
8.
D.
Page 5
D.
]-g-p-Wn aqSn-b a-c--n t]-dn ap-t-dp- \m-ep-t]. I-n-en-se ]-g-p-Wn sI-n-emIs, ssN-X\yw hn-b ]-s h-n-m-c In-S-pp. I-o-scm-gp-Im- an-{Xm-ZnI B h-n-p-Np-n-ep-am-bn \n-c-n-cn-pp. CXm-Wv I-hn H-cn- I- cwKw.
9.
D.
10.
D.
]mXm-f-n-s apg-w
F.F I-mSv
ae-bmf IhnX D-c-Lw
Page 6
1.
"C-hn-sS P-\n-o-em-Zn-Xy
C-hn-sS a-cn-o-em-Zn-Xy
D--X-sIm-ho-ep-" F-v B-cw-`n-p- Ihn-X GXv?
D.
2.
"A-Xn-\p-sS I- s]m--I-fn
]-Xn-n-cnpw c--p-I-fpsS
Xp-dp-an-gn-I Xn-f-p-p" hn-h- Fv?
D.
']m-Xm-f-n-s ap-gw' F- I-hn-X-bp-sS B-cw-`-n \m-KcnI tem-I-n-s B-kp-c`m-h-sf A-h-X-cn-n-p-I-bm-Wv F.F. I-mSv. `q-an-X-e-n-se A-\p-`-h-sf ]mXm-f-m-gv-N-I-fn-te-v kw-{I-an-n-p-I-bm-Wv Ihn. I-c-bn Ir-an-Io-S- Zp-c-sIm-p aZn-pp. sXm--Ie-v A-d-_n--S-en-s C-cp-fn P-U-Xp-eyam-b `o-I-c-aq-I-X ap-n--g-ncn-pp. hn-kv-Xr-Xam-b H-cp Np-S--d-m-bn tXmpw A-d-_n-S. A-Xn-s
I--s]m--I-p-n Icsb Du-n-p-Sn-m {]m-]v-Xn-bp- c--kp-I X-w
]m-v H-fn-n-cn-pv. A-h-bp-sS Xp-dp-an-gn-I Xnf-n \n-pp. \mSn-s\ \-in-n-m\m-bn
cw-K-{]-th-i-n-s\m-cp-p-
c--p-I
A-[n-\nth-i
i-n-I-sfbpw
A-h-bp-sS Xn-f--ap- Xp-dp-I-p-I A-h-bp-sS em-`-sm-Xn-sbbpw A-\m-hr-X-ampp.
3.
"I-\--Iq- Im-ep-I
\o-n-b-a-n \-Spw cm-k
\-h-bq-n h-Sn- ar-tX-p-Ign
sm-Sp-hn hn-k-n-p-p
Ir-an-I-f-kw-Jy-a-kwJyw
A-Xn-sem-o Rm-\pw" Bi-bw hn-i-Zo-I-cn-pI?
D.
Page 7
I-tm-f cm--k A-cw sXm-gn-em-fnI-sf ]-c-amh-[n ap-X-se-Sp-pp. A-ar-tXpt]m-se Ah-sc h-en-q-n-Ip-Sn-p-Sn-v H-Sp-hn hn-k-y-am-bn ]p-dw-X-pp. ^m-dn
]p-d--p- am-en-\y--fp-sS Iq--n-em-Wv A-[zm-\-tijn Du-n-sb-Sp--s- sXm-gn-emfnI-sf I-hn ]-cn-K-Wn-p--sX- h-kvXp-X B-kzm-Z-I-lr-Zb-s sR-n-pp. ^m--dnbn \n-v ]p-d---s-Sp- A-kwJyw Ir-an-Io-S--fp-sS Iq--n Xm\pw D-v F-v
I-hn Im-Wn-p X-cpp.
- 4.
D.
^m--dn-bn \n-v tPm-en I-gn-v o-Wn-X-\m-bn Xn-cn-p-h-cp- I-hn D-S- t]-in-I-fnse th-Z-\-am-dm-\pw X-f- \m-Un-R-c-p-I ap-dp-Im\pw a-Zy-im-e-bn I-b-dpp.
B Iq- Kp-l-bp-sS H-cp tIm-Wn-en-cp-v H-cp I-hn tam-n F-gp-t-pp. ap-[p-cnp- Zpx-JwA-ar-XwF-m-Wv I-hn Xm ]m-\w sNbv-X a-Zy-s hn-ti-jn-n-p-Xv.
G-Xm\pw sh-n-p-p-I Io-i-bn \npw Nn-d-Iph-v ]d-p ad-p F-v A-t-ln-\p tXm-p-p. a-Zytk-h I-gn-h-s t_m-[-Xe-s a-t\m-l-c-am-bn I-hn A-h-X-cnn-p--Xm-Wv k-`w.
5.
D.
\m-Kcn-I a-\p-jy-cp-sS Po-hn-X-ss\-cm-iy- L-w-L--am-bn A-\mh-cw sN--s-Sp-ImbWv ']m-Xm-f-n-s ap-gw' F- I-hn-X-bn. \K-cw ]m-Xm-f-k-am-\-am-sW-v A-\p-`-hs-Sp-m D-Nn-Xam-b L-S-\-bpw _nw-_--fp-am-Wv F.F.I-m-Sv X-s I-hn-X-bn
D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-Xv. ]m-Xm-f-temI-s h--am-\-Ime-s ap-jn-p-f-hm-p A-\p-`-h- hn-h-cn--Xn-\v ti-jw I-hn X-s K-XIm-e kv-a-c-W-I ]-p-sh-pp.
Iu-Xp-I-m hn-S-cp-Ibpw Ip-X-dp-Ibpw sN-p- lr-Z-b-hp-am-bn C-tm Xm-a-kn-p Iq- sI-n-S-n-s c-mw \n-e-bn \n-v ]n-Xm-hn-s ssI-hn-c-en ]n-Sn-p Xq-n
Atlw ]-W-s I--XmWv. sX-cp-hp-I tXmdpw H-Sp-m-sX ]-e-h--nepw h-Snhn-ep-am-bn ]-eX-cw A-p-Xw H-gp-Ipp. A-gIpw ]p-Xp-abpw ssI-Im-en-p Ip-S-p Nn-cnpp. sI-n-S-n-\p Xm-sg, X-\n--dn-bm- A-p-X-I-cam-b K---fpw B-kzm-Z-fpw
]p-Xp-a-tbm-sS B-\-I-fn-v C-c-pp. C-cw Im-gv-N-I A-v I-hn-bp-sS Iuam-c Imes B-m-Zn-n-p-I-bm-bn-cpp. A-tXm-sSm-w X-s {Km-a-s-p-dn-p- Nn-e Nn-I I-hn-bp-sS a-\-n-epv. ]-Ww C--c-n ]pf-Iw sIm-n--tm Zq-sc-bp-
X-s {Km-aw Ippw Ip-gnbpw sN-fnbpw IpSp-a h-fn-b ]-g-a-Ifpw sh-bnepw N-cepw
H-s-bm-bn sX-fn- X-s {Km-aw H-cp hn-Uv-Vn-If-t aq-I-am-bn \n-e-sIm-pp. C-s\-sbm-s B-sW-nepw ]--W-n Xm sIm-Xp-Ip-h-e-bv-p-n I-b-dn-n-S-th
Zq-sc C-cp-fn a-Sn-bn a-b-n-n-S-p- {Km-a-n Im-h In-S-p- am-S--fn \nq-dn Nn-tm-f-sf C-f-n--S-p-h-cp- ]m-p-I-fpw, A-n--m-sem-gp-In-Sp- sIm-p
A-\pP-s C-fw-Np-n ]q-p-n-cn hn-cn-b---h--ap- A--bp-sS Xm-cmpw tI-mWv A-bm a-b-p-Xv.
6.
"Hm-t-\n-h-\p- kp-lr-spw
kv-t\-lw sIm-nh-s\ P-bn-p-I-gn--h-s\pw" C-s\ tXm-m Imc-Ww F-v?
Page 8
D.
\-K-c-hm-kn-bm-b I-hn-bp-sS bu-h-\-Im-e Nn--I-fm-Wn-Xv. Iu-am-c-Im-ew hn-v bu--\n Im-ep-d--tm I-p- ]q-n-cn IW-v A-t-lw sX-fn-p \n-pp.
]-n-bn am-Wn-IyIv G-n No-dn-m-bp- k--s-tm-se ]-Ww ssa-Xm-\--fn
Im-en- ]-v tIm-v A-bm ]-d-pp. an-Yp-\--S K-Pn-pw-t]m-se l-tjmZvtLm-jw X-\n-m-bn D-b-cpp. \-K-c-n-se I-h-e-I-fn ap-gp-h a-[p-cm-Z-c-h-jw NqSnb I-p-I am-{X-am-Wv A-bm I-Xv. Av Cu \-K-c-n-s tXm-fn ssI-n-p-sImv D-t-j-tm-sS A-bm D-em-pp. \K-cw F- kp-lr-n-s Iq-p-h-f-
\-J- X-\n-p-th-n B-{K-ln-p- C-cI-sf tIm-p-h-en-p-X-cp-p. A-tm-gm-Wv
\K-cw X-s D- kp-lr-m-sWpw kv-t\-lw sIm-v \-Kc-s ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-n-bn-cnp- Xm-s\pw bp-hm-hn-\v tXm-n-bXv. ]-t Im-ew am-dn-b-tm I-Ybpw am-dp-I-bmWv D-m-bXv. s\-n-bn-se D-dp-am sI-n I-hn-v Nn-n-n-X-dn-n-S-p- X-e-ap-Snbpw
]p-tIm--Im-ep-am-bn h-c-b _-\n-b-\p-am-bn B bp-hm-hv C-v \-K-c-n-se h-gn-b-cnIn-se kv-pUn-tbm-bp-sS Np-a-cn H-cp Nn{Xw am-{X-am-bn \n-e-sIm-pp. am-{Xa, \-K-cn-s Iq-p-h-f- \-J- C-v A-t-l-n-s t]-in-I-fn ]q-gv-v In-S-pIbpw sN-pp. \-K-c-hv-X-Ic-Ww Xo-v B-I-j-W-n-s B-tem-N-\-I-fnm-sX
kzo-I-cn-h-v ]n-o-Sv A-Xn-s b-Ym- kz-`m-hw I-pw A-\p-`-hnpw I-gn-bm C-S-h-Xn-s `o-I-c-Nn-{X-am-Wv I-hn C-hn-sS A-h-X-cn-n-p-Xv.
7.
8.
D.
Page 9
10.
"\m-sf-bp-sa t]-in-bpS-p
hn-b-n Nm-en-p--W-a-tm!"
D.
Page 10
12.
"A-hn-sS-q-cy-\p-Zn-pw,
\-\- ]-n-e-I-fn-semw ]pe-cn Xn-f-pw" k--`w F-gp-XpI.
D.
\-K-c-Po-hnX-s sNmn-bp- A-dpw sh-dppw k-ln-p I-gn-bm hn-[n--s- H-cp-IYm-]m-{X-n-s _m-ey-Im-ew sXm-p- A-\p-`-h- tc-J-s-Sp-p-I-bm-Wv ']m-Xm-f-ns ap-gw' F- I-hn-X-bn-eq-sS F.F. I-mSv. \K-cw \In-b {Iq-chpw Pp-Kp-]vkm-]-c-hpam-b A-\p-`-h- ]--W-hm-kn-sb ss\-cm-iy-n B-gp-pp. kq-cy-\p-Znp-Itbm A-kv-X-an-p-Itbm sN-m- ]m-Xm-f-n-\-p-d-v kz-K-ap-s-v A-bm
Xn-cn--dn-bpp. X-s \-c-I-n \n-v H-cp ssI-m-S-I-se-bp- {Km-a-am-Wv B kz-w.
aq-p-h-ipw Ip-p-I-fm Np--s-Xpw H-cp hm--m-Sn t]m-se a-t\m-l-c-hp-am-Wv
B {Kmaw. A-hn-sS kq-cy D-Zn-p-pw. \-\- ]- C-e-I-fn-semw ]pe-cn Xn-f-pw.
D-- D-X-ssI-h-cn-p-Ibpw sN-pw. kq-cy A-kv-X-an-p-Ibpw sN-pw. G-sd
c-a-Wo-bhpw im--hp-am-Wv A-hn-sS kw.
13.
D.
14.
D.
15.
16.
Page 11
D.
17.
"\-Jw-Zw-{--sf t]-in-
em-gv-n-b-a-n-p-Wcp-I ap-dpsI
F-{X kp-J-{]-Z-a-hn-S-s-p-Sn-e-kz-m--X Cu h-cn-I-fn-e-Sn-b Bi-bw Fv?
D.
\-K-c-t-m t-hpw `o-I-c-hp-am-bn-cn-p-p {Km-aw F- th-Z-\m-P-\-Iam-b Xn-cn--dnhm-Wv F.F. I-mSv ']m-Xm-f-n-s ap-gw' F- I-hn-X-bp-sS A-h-km-\-`mK-v
]-p-sh-p-Xv. `o-I-cam-b h--\-bm-Wv {Km-a--fn-ep-Xv. Xm-c-Xayw sN-p-tm
\-K-c-t-m A-]-I-S-Icw. C-Xp a-\-n-emn-b \m-K-cn-I X-s Iq-c-bn \n-Xyhpw
A---jv-W-sa-n-p- c--n-s\ hm-gv-pp. tX-fp-Ifpw I-gp-I-mcpw Iq-fn-]nn-imNp--fp-sam-s D- X-s ]-cn-hm-c--fp-am-bn X-n-te-v A-W-bm I-hn kzmK-Xw
sN-pp. \-Jhpw ]pw D-]-tbm-Kn-v X-s t]-in-bn A-a-n-p-W-cp-hm cm-s\ A-t-lw -Wn-pp. Ip-Sn-e-Xbpw kzm--Xbpw \n-d- cm-k-s IrXyw
X-\n-v G-sd kp-J-{]-Z-am-sW-v A-bm A-`n-{]m-b-s-Spp. {Kmao-W Po-hnX-s ]-cnlm-k-hn-t[-b-am-p-I-bm-Wv F.F. I-mSv.
D-]-\y-knpI
18.
19.
20.
am\-km-cw
_m-e-N-{ Np-n-m-Sv
1.
D.
]-c-kz-lm-cn
2.
D.
3.
D.
Nn-Xw-_-c-kva-cW
4.
D.
1994
Page 12
5.
]-c-kz-lmcn A--sav?
D.
6.
D.
Cu-iz-c-\m-aw
7.
D.
sIm-ssS--\m
8.
D.
9.
D.
A-
10.
D.
11.
D.
ssZ-h-\m-aw
12.
D.
sN-dp--Im-e--fn A- \In-b D-]-tZ-i- ]-c]o-V sN-p-Xv ]m-]-amWv. Cu-iz-chn-izm-kn-bm-bn Po-hn-Ww. aI-s Ip--gn- Po-hn-Xw I-v Po-hn-Xw \o-dn-bm-Wv
A- a-cn-p--Xv.
13.
D.
B-k-n-bp-sS B-[m-cam-b ar-Ko-b-X kq-Nn-n-p- knw-l-in-ev]w. B-k-n-]q-c-W-n\m-bn Ip-Xn-p Nm-Sp- C-{n-b {]-Xo-I-am-Wv A- iz-Nn-{Xw.
14.
D.
ar-Ko-b-hm-k-\-I-fn ap-gp-In \m-b-I H-Sp-hn sIm-e-bm-fn-bm-bn \-c-I-th-Z-\-b-\p-`-hnp- \n-an-j--fn 'ssZ-hta' F- hn-fn D-b-cp--tXm-sS ]-cn-h--\ Im-ew
B-cw-`n-p-p.
15.
D.
16.
D.
17.
D.
]m-]-]-n-eam-b X-s Po-hn-Xw G-p-]-d-v A-bm X-s a-t\m-Zp-cn-X-n-\v ]-cn-lm-cambn Cu-iz-c-\n A`-bw {]m-]n-v c--t\-Spp. A-Xp-sImv Cu-izc-s \o-Xn-]oT-
Page 13
D.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
i-X-`m-kv-I-c-Zo-]v-Xn Zo-]v-Xamw
D.
2.
D.
3.
D.
4.
D.
ac-Ww
5.
D.
Im-ap-In-bm-bpw, tZ-h-X-bmbpw
6.
D.
Page 14
tZ-hn \n-s D-Z-c hocyw ]-I-p F-s koX-sb F-\n-p Xn-cn-p X-cnI.
7.
8.
D.
9.
D.
10.
D.
11.
12.
Po-hnX-s A-Xn-bm-bn kv-t\-ln-p- a-\p-jy-a-\-n-s\ A-Xn-\-\p-h-Zn-m- Im-esbpw tem-I-sbpw A-n ]-co--bv-p hn-t[-b-am-p-I-bm-Wv ar-Xyp-]q-P-bn.
\n-co-npI.
13.
hon-te-p- h-gn
Un. hn-\-b-N-{
1.
D.
2.
D.
A--bnm--h-t-Xp hoSv?
C hoSv, F-p-ta hoSv ho-Sv F- k--ev-]w A--bp-am-bm-Wv _--s-p In-S-p-Xv.
ho-Sv F-v Nn-n-p-tm Xs Hm-tcm-cp--cp- sS-bpw D-n \n-d-bp-Xv A--bp-tSXm-Ipw. ho-n-te-v I-b-dn-sp-tm-gpw, C-d-p-tmgpw \--tfm-sSm--ap- km-an-]y-am-Wv
A-. A--bnm- ho-Sv iq-\y-X-bm-Wv A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv A--bnm--h-t-Xp- ho-Sv
F-v I-hn tNm-Zn-p-Xv. {]-hm-knbm-b aI-s\ Im-v -]-Snp-c Xn--bn
Im-n-cn-p- Cu `m-h-n-s aq-o cq-]-amWv.
Page 15
3.
D.
Du-cn-se ]w, D-Z-b-Kn-cn-bn-se Ip-n-a-WnI, hn-^-eam-b kv-a-c-W-I-fp-sS ho-c-Km-Y-Ifpw, hmSn-b ]q--fp-sS \m-en-X-fpI, H-tc-\n-d-n-ep- A-m-dp Xqh, Kw-K-bn
\n-v ap-n-sb-Sp- \q-s-p in-eI, A-q- \-evIn-b k-ym-\maw, A-q-
\-evIn-b cm-amb-Ww In-fn-mv, A- \-evIn-b sh-n-m-ekpw hn-izm-khpw {]m--\ma-{-hp-am-Wv s]-n-bn-se hn-`-h.
IY\w
sI.Pn i--c-n
1.
D.
ss]-Xr-Iw
2.
D.
cm-am-bWw.
3.
D.
I-Y-I-fn-eq-sS
4.
D.
ss]-Xr-I-hpw, kw-kv-Im-chpw
5.
D.
\p-W[mc
6.
D.
7.
D.
]-c-kv-]-c kv-t\lw
8.
]q-n-I-]p-Wy-s I-hn-X-bn-em-hn-jv-I-cn-p--sX-s\?
D.
th--msc-t]m-se A-dn-hn-te-bv-v h-gn-I ]m-In-b-h-cpw, hym-k-t\-m h-b-m-b-hcpw, t]-Sn-bnmsX, th-cp-W-m-sX {]-Xym-i-bm ]q ap-S-m-sX Zn-p-I tIm-p-b-c a-X-amn-b B-\- \r--am-Sp- a-l-jn-Ifpw k-l-{k-io-j-mcpw Nn-cw-Po-hn-Ifp-am-Wv ]q-n-I.
9.
D.
cm-am-b-W-n-se [--hm-Z-hpw, Xo-{h-hm-Z-hp-am-WnXv. cm-h-W koX-sb I-p-sImpt]m-hp--Xm-Wv Xo-{h-hmZw. cm-a ko-X-bp-sS Nm-cn-{X- ip-n-bn kw-i-bn-v K-`nWnbm-b koX-sb Im-n D-t]-n--Xm-Wv [--hm-Zw.
10.
I-Y-I ]-d-bm-\nm temI-s F--s\-bm-Wv I-hn-X-bn A-h-X-cn-n-p-Xv. \-fn \n-v Ip-n-Ifpw ]q-n-Icpw A-I-ep-p. a-\p-jy ]-c-kv]-cw A-I-e-\pp. a-n-se
a-Xy-kXyw X-s A-I-ep-p.
Page 16
D-]-\ym-kw X-m-dm-p-I.
11.
13.
taL-cq-]
B-q c-hn-h-
1
D.
2.
D.
B-q c-hn-h-
3.
D.
4.
D.
`m-cp-g
5.
D.
1966
D.
B-q
7.
D.
8.
"\o-bn-m ta-L-cq]-s
tKm-{X-n _m-n-bm-b-h
GtXm h-f-In-ep-w tI
-ebpw {`--Im-apI" Bi-bw hn-h-cnp-I.
D.
9.
Page 17
10.
D.
Page 18
(Silk) A-Wn- s]m-p-\n-d-ap- {]-`m-X- ]-Sn- h-p Iq-In hn-fn-pp. D-b-c-fn ta-L--fp-sam-v ta-bp- th-f-I-fn C-Sp-n-bXpw \n-c-m-b-Xpw \S-p \S-p
tX--Xp-am-bn ]m-X-I hn-m-Wv ta-L-cq-] k--cn-Xv. kz-am-b H-cp ]m-X I-hn
X-s K-a-\-n-\m-bn \n-n-n-cn-p-p.
H-cp-]m-Sv hn-a-i-\-fpw {]-Xn-I-c-W-fpw G-p-hmn-b I-hn-bm-Wv Ip-n-cm-a
\mb. {]-kv-Xp-X-hn-a-i-\-fpw {]-Xn-I-c-W-fpw ]p-I-gv--em-bmepw C-I-gv--embmepw I-hn Hcp-t]m-se-bm-Wv I-n-cp--Xv F-v B-q F-gp-Xpp. s]m-tIm-ew tI-phm-\m-bn H-cn-epw Hu-n-Xy-ap- a-kvX-Iw Xm-gv-n-sm-Spptbm C-cp-p-Iq-p-I-fm
_-n--s-Sm-\m-bn X-s ]m-Z-sf \o-n-sm-Sp-p-Itbm sN-bv-Xn ta-L-cq]. tXmfn-te-n \-S-m\pw Im-e-Sn-I-fm N-hn-n-t-m-\p-ap- A-hk-cw Ip-n-cm-a \m-b-cpsS Po-hn-X-n H-n-cn-bp-m-bn-cp-s-nepw A-Xn-\m-bn \npw sIm-Sp-n-cp-n-s-v
B-q Nq-n-m-Wn-pp. B-t-]--fn X-f-cp-Itbm {]-iw-k-I-fn kz-bw a-d-pItbm sN-bv-Xn ]n. C-m-cyhpw B-q A-h-X-cn-n-p-Xv C--s\-bmWv.
"D-w sX-m tXm-np
ambo-e \n-s ho-gv-p-hm
tI-am-tcm-a-\n-mepw
sN-hnh-w ]n-Sn-p \o'
ta-L-cq-]\m-b I-hn-bp-sS cq-]hpw `m-hhpw am-{X-a A-t-l-n-s N-cn-{X-]-cam-b Xp-Sbpw Iq-Sn A-S-bm-f-s-Sp-m B-q B-{K-ln-pp. Im-fnZm-k a-lm-I-hn-bp-sS
hn-Jym-X-I-Ym-]m-{Xam-b ta-L-cq]-s tKm-{X-n A-h-ti-jn-n---h-\m-Wv Ah.
"GtXm h-f-In-ep-w tI
-ebpw {`--Im-apI"
Xn-cp-mhm-b a-W-]pd-v \n-Xy-I-\y-Ibpw Im-ap-In-bpam-b Im-hy-tZ-hX-sb
tX-Sn-b-e- ]n. Ip-n-cm-a \m-b A-h-Zq-X P-s A-Sn-h-c-bn-Sp-p.
B-q-cn-s {]-tbm-Kw : A-Wp-[q-cn-{]k-Ww \-S-p- A-hn-ip- Zn-\- I-hn
I-gn--t]m- Im-e-L-s {]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-pp. Im-e-n-s A-hn-ip--X-bn
t]mepw ]q-Im-e kp-Ir-X-n-s I-b--fn ap-n-n-S-m I-gn-bp--h-\mWv Cu
ta-L-cq-].
"\o Ir-jv-Wm in-e-X Xmfw!
hnn-tem-ep- \oena !
B-gn-X \n-Xyamw tX-!
]u--an-p- ]q-X!
{]-Ir-Xn- ku--cy-n-s ]-cn-]q---X-bm-Wv B-q ta-L-cq-]-\n Z-in-p-Xv.
]n.Ip-n-cm-a \m-b-sc- {]-Ir-Xyp-]m-k-I\m-b I-hn-sb ]-I-m-hp- D-Nn-Xam-b
_nw-_-I-ev-]-\-I-fm-Wv B-q D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--Xv.
ae-bmf IhnX D-c-Lw
Page 19
"A- \n Xpn-tbm-sImtm
]-tbm sXm-n-S-nSmw
F-\n-p sIm-Xn \nhm-en
tcm-aw sIm-sm-cp tam-Xncw"
ta-L-cq-]\m-b I-hn-sb B-kzm-Z-I-hr-w k-ao-]n-Xpw a-\-n-em-n-bXpw ap-v
A- B\-sb I-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv F-v I-hn k--S-s-Spp. I-hn-sb ss[-cy-n\pw ss-cy-n-\p-ap- Du-P-tI-{-am-bm-Wv B-q ]-cn-K-Wn-p-Xv. X-e-sm-hpw
B-{Z-Xbpw k-a-\z-bn- k-Xv-]p-{X-s hm-en-s tcm-aw sIm-sm-cp tam-Xn-cw A-Xp-am-{Xam-Wv B-q sIm-Xn-p--Xv.
]n.Ip-n-cm-a \mb-sc kw-_-n- k-o-W-X \n-d- \n-ch-[n k-a-kyI-sf
hf-sc e-fn-X-am-bn A-h-X-cn-n-p-p B-q ta-L-cq-]-\n. e-fn-Xam-b ]-Zm-h-en-bp-sS klm-b-tm-sS Nn-tm-o-]-Iam-b Nn-{X--fm-Wv B-q ]n.Ip-n-cm-a \mb-sc kw-_nv Cu I-hn-X-bn D-t-n-cn-p-Xv.
\oXn-bp-sS hr-w
k-n-Zm-\
1.
D.
1981 (Un-kw_)
2.
D.
3.
D.
sN-dp-\mcIw
4.
D.
5.
D.
Page 20
D.
7.
8.
D.
Page 21
D.
hn--h-[o-c-mcm-b H-cp ]-w bp-hm--fp-sS kv-a-c-WI-sf ]n-p-d-m-cp-sS a-\-n-te-v a-Sn-sm-p-h-cm-\p- {i-a-am-Wv k-n-Zm-\s '\o-Xn-bp-sS hrw' F- I-hn-X. a-cnpt]m-b-Xn-\p sX-fn-hp-I-fn-s- \o-Xn-\ym-b m-]-\--fp-sSbpw A-[n-Ir-X-cp-sSbpw ssIa-e--epI-sf I-hn ]-cn-l-kn-pp. an-Sp-cm-b {]-kvXp-X bp-hm- Po-hn-n-cp--Xn\v B-thm-fw sX-fn-hp-I X--fp-sS ]- Dv. Ah-sc {Iq-c-am-bn a-c-W-n-\n-p-sImSp-h-tcm-Sv k-n-bm-Im ]n-p-d-m-v B-hn. I-gp-a-c--fp-sS cm-{Xn-I sI-n-mgv--s- i-h--sf-bpw D-m-Z-n-s ]u--an-bnepw B--l-Xy-bp-sS A-am-hm-knbnepw A`-bw tXSn-b bu-h-\--sfbpw a-d-m ]n-Km-an-I-m-hn. A-h am-p\-In-s-v {]-Jym-]n-m I-hn \n-t-in-pp. X-S- ]m-f-b-fpw Nm-c-h-e-b--fpanm- Im-ew h-cpw h-sc hn--h-[o-c-m-cp-sS ]c--c A-h-km-\n-p-I-bn-s-v I-hn Adn-bn-pp.
11.
D.
]m-e-a-cw
12.
D.
13.
D.
Page 22
tImgn
I-S--\n
1.
D.
km-t\m-Xv-]m-Z-\ {]-{In-b
2.
]-s Ime-s
F-smw?
D.
X-s K-XIm-e A-\p-`-h--fp-w B-{K-l-fpw X--tm-gn X-s Ip-p--v hn-h-cnp-sIm-Sp-pp. X- \n-p- ap-w ]-v G-sd {]-tXy-I-X-I D- I-f-p-c-ap--ambn-cpp. sN-pw tNepw hn-S-v I-fn-bmSn-b apw. Im--m-Sp- D-Xn-a-Wn---I
Iq-m-c-am-n-Iq-n-bn-n-cp- apw. \m-hn In-n (In--\ h--am-\--fm ap-J-cn-X-amb) sIn-b Iq--fpw \mepw Iq-o--h-p-ap-dp-n-b-hp-cw (sh-n-e, AS-, ]p-I-bn-e, Npm-v Iq-n-ap-dp-n-bh) I-p-I-fn {]W-bw D--hcpw H-s-bp-m-bn-cp-p B apv. Im-en-s Io-gn D-Xn-p-ho-gp- I-Xn-a-Wn-I-fm k--am-b Xq-apw. Ahn-S Xn X-n--fn-m\pw \nd-sb sIm-n-sm-p Xp-d-v Nn-cn-m\pw A-v I-gn-ncpp. A-hn-sS-bp- m-hn tNm-n-se-q-gn-bn \o-n-m-Sn-sm-v C-n-cn t\-cw a-bp-Ibpw sN-m-am-bn-cpp.
4.
D.
I-S--\n--bp-sS 'tImgn' F- I-hn-X-bn Xm I-S-p-h- Im-e-ns Hm--Ifpw A\p-`-h-fpw X-s Ip-p--v ]-I-p \-Ip-I-bm-Wv A-bmb tImgn. ap--Iv ta Nq-Sp-]-I-v A-S-bn-cn-p-Ibpw hn-cn-bp- Im-ew Bhpw h-sc I--S-bv-m-sX
ap-I-sf Im-p-kq-n-p-Ibpw sN-p-I-bp-mbn. Im-n H-cp I-cnbn-e A-\-ptmgpw Iq-cn-cp-n H-cp F-en ]mp-t]m-bmepw G-sd A-kz--bm-bn t]m-Ip-am-bn-cpp B tImgn. F-npw I-p-sX-n-b-tm-sgm-s ]-e ap--Ifpw ]-ecpw X-n-sb-Spp.
Ip-td ap--I D-Sp-t]mbn. a-p-Nne-Xp sIn-t]mbn. Fmw tIm-gn k-ln-p-I-bm-bncpp. H-cp kp-{]-`m-X-tm-sSm-w a-fpw s]m-n-hn-cn-bp-Ibpw sIm-I-p-\o-n Ip-p I-c-bp-Ibpw sN-bv-tm Xm H-cp A--bm-bn am-dn-sbpw a--fm-Wv X-s k-kzhpw Fpw X--tm-gn a-sf t_m-[y-s-Sp-m {i-an-pp.
5.
D.
hcpw Znh-kw Ip-nI-sf X--tm-gn sIm-n AI-n kz-Po-hn-Xw B-cw-`n-m {]m-]v-Xcm-pw. A-p ap-X Ip-n-I-v A-h-cp-sS kz-w I-Y-I c-Nn-p-Xp-S-m-\m-hp-sa-v
X--tm-gn I-cp-Xp-p.
6.
D.
k--hpw B-m-Z-hpam-b K-XIm-e kv-a-c-W-I-fn \n-v sa-s sa-s X--tm-gn h-am-\Im-e bm-Ym-y--fn-te-v X-s a-sf B-\-bn-p--Xm-Wv Im-hy-i-I-e-ns k-`w. [m-\y-a-Wn-I-fm k-p-am-b I-fp-c ap-w C-n. Nppw Nn-X-p-p-am-
I-fp-c
ap-s
kw-_-n-
X--tm-gn-bpsS
Hm--I
Page 23
{Xw ap-w aq-Sn h-f-n-cn-pp. Np-p-]mSpw sI-n-bp-bn-b ap-th-en-s-p-I-fn X-f-s--h-cm-Wh. hn-i--I-p--Xn-\mbv, N-p-No- i-h--sf-bm-Wv B-{i-bn-t-n
h-cp-Xv. \-p-sS K-XIm-e Imjn-I kw-kv-Im-c-n-s Zo-]v-Xhpw a-[p-c-hpam-b kv-a-c-WI-fmWv Cu k--`-n I-S--\n- ]-p-sh-p-Xv. k-tm-j-Ime-v ]m-p-]m-Sn-bp-
a-b--n-s ssZLyw Iq-Sn-tm-b-Xn-s tJ-Zw X--tm-gn A-\p-`-gn-pXv Cu
k--`-n- \n-p a-\-n-em-mw. ]n-o-Sv Dm-b {]-bm-k--v Imc-Ww A-XmWv.
Imjn-I kw-kv-Im-c-n-\v ]--S-Xo-Xv \-p-sS a-b--amWv. I-f-p-c-I I-Xn--I-sIm-v \n-d--tmgpw ho-c-I-Y-I-fpw A-zm-\-n-s ]m-pw- Nn-cnbpw \n-d-sm-gpIn-b-tmgpw B A-\p-`-h--fn \n-v ]n---s--h-cm-Wv kv-{Xo-I F- [z-\nbpw
Cu h-cn-I-fn-epv.
7.
D.
Hm--Ifpw A-\p-`-h-fpw X--tm-gn-sb-sm-v Nn-e km-tcm-]-tZ-i--v t{]-cn-npp. ap--bnpw A-S-bn-cppw Nn-n--c-n-sm-Sppw Ip-p-sf t]m-n h-fnb A--tm-gn H-cp L--n Ah-sc X-n \npw sIm-n-bI-n Im-e-n-s s]-cph-gn-bn X-\n-p-\n-m {]m-]v-Xn-tb-Ip-hm {i-an-pp. A-Xn-\m-bn A--tm-gn
Xm I-S-p-h- h-gn-I-fn-se k-tm-j-k-m-]-sf Ip-p--v ]-I-p \Ipp. A-h k-Zp-]-tZ-i--fmWv. Nn-e \n-t-i-fpw \n-b-{-W--fp-am-Wv. D-]-tZ-i N-Xn-p-gn-b, Po-hn-X-n-s h-gn-n-cn-hp-I-fm-sW-v kz-w Po-hn-Xw sIm-v
A--tm-gn km-y-s-Sp-pp. A-hn-sS Im-Wp B am-f-n-\-I-t-v Fn-t\m-cp-sXpw A-Xn-te-v t]m-b X-s aq--a- ]n-o-Sv aS-n h-cn-I-bp-m-bn-spw
A- D-W-pp. A-hn-sS Im-Wp-Xv sIm-gn-pho-W ]q--f X-s \m-ep-a--fpsS ]-dn-s-Sp- ]q-S-I-fm-sW-v kXyw A-sb s\m--c-s-Sp-pp. I-p-dp-p-I \p tNm-p-I- k-Xy-n F-mWv? A-m-cy-sampw X-s a- A-dn-bm-\m-bn-nspw A-dn-bm-\n-S-h-m A-h t_-Pm-dm-hp-sapw A- kw-i-bn-pp. tNm-c-bmW-sX-p ]-d-bm Xp-Sn-b X--tm-gn D-S A-mcyw \n-tj-[n-v a-sm-cp-Imcyw
Ah-sc A-dn-bn-pp. ho-gv-m sI-Wn-sbm-cp-n Im-n-cn-p--h-cp-sS ap-n _-en
I-gn--s- aq-tm-cp-sS cq-]- Po-hn-X-n ]n-ap-d-m-p- ]mT--fm-Wv.
]q- ]q-S-bm-sWpw tNm-p tNm-c-bm-sWpw ]-d-p-sIm-Sp-p- A--tm-gn-bpsS hm-p-I-fn {]-I-S-am-Ip-Xv N-cn-{X-n-s _-en ap-J--fmWv.
8.
"I-p-th-W-an-cp-]p-d-sa-tmgpw
I-p-th-Ww ap-I-fn-epw Xm-tgw
I-n-se-tmgpw I-n-z-enp
ap--p-th-W-a-W-bm- Iv" hn-h- Fv?
D.
`o-I-cam-b A-\p-`-h--fm B-Ip-e-Nn-bm-b H-cp A--bp-sS A-h- A-S-bm-f-s-Spp- A-\p-]-aam-b H-cp I-hn-X-bm-Wv I-S--\n- cm-a-Ir-jvW-s tImgn. kv{Xo Po-hn-X-
Page 24
D.
"_p--]T-\-tI-{w' A-[y--m-\-v.
2.
D.
3.
D.
4.
D.
Page 25
D.
6.
D.
D.
a-{n-bp-sS a-sf hn-Zym-e-b-n-te-v A-b-p-I, D-Zv-Lm-S-\--v {]-kw-Kw F-gp-Xn\-Ip-I, a-{n-v C--ap- hn-`-h- F-hn- sSbmtWm D-Xv A-hn-sS \n-v
F-n-p sIm-Sp-p-I, X-c-n-s\m-v cm-PIo-b kv-Xp-Xn-Ifpw t{]mXv-tLm-j-W-fpw
\-S-p-I. F-n-s\-bp--Im-cy--fm-Wv a-{n-m-bn Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X sN-bv-XpsIm-Sp--Xv.
7.
D.
8.
D.
9.
"Fpw an-\n--sdm-cp-sa-m-_pn
Page 26
D.
11.
D.
Ihn-X F-gp-Xp--Xn\v Hmtcm I-hnpw {]-tXy-I-e-yhpw Im-c-Whpw D-m-Ipw. X--fpsS eyw Ir-Xy-am-bpw km--I-ambpw ]q-n-bm-m {]-Xn-`m-[-\cm-b I-hn-I ]-e
am-K-fpw kzo-I-cn-p-Ibpw sN-pw. tI-h-eam-b B-kzm-Z-\-am-Wv Ihn-X F-gp-nsbpw ]m-cm-b-W-n-sbpw ]-c-aam-b e-y-sa-nepw hm-b-\-m-sc kw-k-Ir-X-Nn-cm-p-I, Nn-bpw C-S-s]-Sepw D--h-cm-p-I, kmw-kv-Im-cn-Iam-b Hu-nXyw Xn-cn--dnv A-Xv \n-e-\n-m\pw h-f-m\pw k-lm-bnp-I XpS-n ]-e [-- AY-hm
^-e Cu {]-{In-b-tbm-sSm-w \-S-pp.
k-a-Imen-I kw-`-h-hn-Im-k-sf B-t-]-lm-ky-n-sbpw Satire ip--lm-ky-nsbpw Wite) apw A-I-Sn-tbm-sS A-h-X-cn-n-m an-Sp-p- I-hnbm-b sN-\w
Nm-tmpw I-hn-X-sb-gp-n-\p Ir-Xyam-b e-y-apv. k-aq-l-n-s I---c-fpw
s]m---fpw A-tX]-Sn ]-I-n kz-bw B-tem-N-\m-hn-j-b-am-m hm-b-\-m-sc
t{]m-cn-n-p-p Nm-tm-bp-sS I-hn-XI. a-cw-shn, a-n Xp-Sn-b lm-kym--I c-N-\I-fp-sS Iq--n h-bv-m-hp- 'Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X' F- Ihn-X \n--ln-p-Xpw
a-sm-cp I--hya. k-aq-l-n m-\-am-\w \n-e-\n-m\pw \n-g t]m-se A-nc-am-b-Xpam-b `u-Xn-I-kp-J- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-m-\p-am-bn \--fn ]-ecpw Im-Wn-p-
]-cm-{I-a--fpw km-a-y-fpw X-am-i-bm-bn A-]-lm-kyhpw B-t-]-lm-ky-hp-am-bn
Im-Wn-p X-cn-I-bmWv 'Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-' F- I-hnX.
BfpI-sf A-h-k-cw t\m-n k-ao-]n-m-\-dn-bp-h-s\ a-p--h H-cn- Xn-cn--dn-bpsa- Imcyw ]-ecpw a-d-pp. Fm-m-ehpw A-\y-sc ]-n-p Po-hn-m-\m-Ip-sa-
au-Vy-Nn- A-lw-`m-h-tm-fw h-f-cpp. Ccw "Rm' F- `m-hw B-thm-fw sImp \-S-p- A-[ym-]-I-\mWv Cu I-hn-X-bn-se Ah-k-tcm-N-Xn. A-ev-]w kn-\n-abpw
t\m-h-ep-am-bn--gn-bp- A-[ym-]-I X-s ]-s k-l-]mTn a-{n-bm-bn h--tXm-sS
A-[n-Im-c-tI-{--fn-te-v -W-t\-cw-sIm-v F-pp. tbm-Ky-X-I-tf-m A-tbm-Ky-
Page 27
G-Xp-Im-e-L--n c-Nn--s- I-hn-X-I-fm-av bq-k^-en tI-t-cn-bpsS "B-bn-cw \m-hp au\w' F- k-am-lm-c-n D-Xv?
1954 ap-X 1982 hsc
A-p-I-\yI, tI-t-cnp-g F-o I-hn-Xm-k-am-lm-c- X-m-dm-nb-Xv Bcv?
bq-k^-en tI-tcn
"B-bn-cw \m-hp- au\w' F- k-am-lm-c-n-\v A-h-Xmcn-I X-m-dm-nb-Xv Bcv?
tUm. kp-Ip-am A-go-tmSv
"B-bn-cw \m-hp- au-\w' F- Ir-Xn {]-kn-o-I-cn--s- hjw?
1982
"au-\-am-Wv Im-hyw' F-v I-hn-X-sb \n--Nn- ]m-m-Xy \n-cq-]-I Bcv?
kq-k skm-mKv
Page 28
6.
D.
7.
D.
8.
D.
9.
D.
10.
D.
G-sd q-eam-b B-Im-i-s ({]-]-m--co-s) H-cp Im-n Nn-X-dn-v ]m-gv-ap--amp-hm\pw ]-c-tIm-Sn-hm-\-sf \n-Xyhpw kz-bw \n-n-p-hm\pw D-S-p-hm\pw Xn-cn-p
hm-p-hm\pw km-[n-p- A-Xp-ey-i-n-bp-sS km-n[yw I-hn-v t_m-[y-s-Sp-pv.
B-Zn-a-ym- hn-lo-\-Xbpw {]-N-am-b im--Xbpw ssI-ap-X-em-b B i-n-t{km-Xn-s {]-Xn-`-bn, eo-em-hn-em-k-nFpw km-[y-am-tb-pw. Iq-Sm-sX Po-thm-w
Bpw sIm-fpmt\m sI-Spmt\m km-[n-n-s An Energy can neigher be
Created nor be Destroyed) im-kv-{X-Nn-bpw I-hn-sb kzm-[o-\n-pp. i-co-cw F-Xv
\-in-m-hp- D-Sp-v am-{X-amWv. A-Xn-ep- tZ-ln-bmI-s a-c-W-n-\p t]mepw sXm-Sm-\mhm--Xpw. ap-v Bcpw D-t]-n-n-S-sX-s X-s-bn-v F-n-p B a-n \n-v a-sm-
Page 29
12.
D.
Page 30
kvam-cIw
ho-cm-Ipn
1.
A-q--Xm-Sn-bp-sS ]-d-m- hn-\o-Xam-b H-cp {i-a-am-bn ImW-Ww F-v I-hn A-`n-{]mb-s-Sm Imc-Ww Fv?
D.
2.
D.
3.
D.
A-dn-hnm-bv-a-bp-sS `m-c-pd-hv ap-X-se-Sp-v A-q--Xm-Sn ]-d-p-pv. ]-d-m I-gnbp-p F--Xn-\m A-Xn-s\ \mw ]-n F-p hn-fn-p-n. C-Xm-Wv \mw A-q-XmSn-tbm-Sv Im-Wn-p- I-cpW.
4.
D.
A-q--Xm-Sn a-Sn-bn t]-dn ]-d-p- hn-n \n-v \m-sf h-f-t-m-hp- a-c-sbm-Wv kv-amc-Iw F-p I-hn hn-ti-jn-n-p--Xv.
Zn-hy-Zpx-J-n-s \n-g-en
B. cm-a-N-{
1.
D.
2.
D.
3.
"\o tI--Xntm
\n-]-Z-z-\n t]m-epw!
\o Im-a-Xntm
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'Zn-hy-Zpx-J-n-s \n-g-en' F- I-hn-X-bn B.cm-a-N-{ G-Im--X-bn X-\n-pNppw \n-g-en- iym-a-h--am- Zpx-J-n k-Xy-s Xo- hn-iz-\m-bI-s\
A-`nkw-t_m-[-\-sN-pp. kz-]v-\-`q-an-bn \r-w h-bv-p- ap-Kv--ku--cy-sbpw
a-c-W-`o-Xn-bm-ep-S-se-Sp-p- Po-hn-X-kv-t\-l-n-s am-[p-cyhpw A-dn-bm-\m-hm-h.
B-sc-bm-Wv, F--s\-bm-Wv kv-t\-ln-p-Ibpw sh-dp-p-Ibpw sN-p-I F-v I-hn
A-p-X-s-Spp. kz-w ]-Z-[z\n-t]mepw tImt\m kz-w \ng-t]mepw
ImWmt\m I-gn-bm-h, kz-cq-]-n \n-p A-I-em-\m-hm-sX {]-bm-k-s-Sp-h.
A-hn-sS-s \o-dn-\o-dn-sm-v I-gn-p-Iq-S-h. \nXy-X G-Ip- G-Im--X-bn
C-cn-p-h. Zn-hy-am-b Zpx-Jw t]-dp-h-s A-h- B. cm-a-N-{ ]-I-n-sh-bvp--X-mWv Cu h-cn-I-fp-sS k--`w.
4.
"B--hn-kv-ar-Xn-tX-Sn
\o \-S-p-an--K-eo-e-bn
\n--g \n-g-en-t
lm! ]-gn-q Rm \ns!"
D.
5.
D.
6.
D.
Fw. eo-emhXn
7.
D.
Fw. eo-emhXn
8.
D.
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9.
D.
{]-k--cmP
10
D.
F.F. I-mSv
11.
D.
k-n-Zm-\
12.
D.
tZ-i-awK-ew cm-a-Ir-jvW
13.
D.
tZ-iwK-ew cm-a-Ir-jvW
]mk-
tam-l-\-Ir-jv-W ImeSn
1.
D.
tam-l-\-Ir-jv-W ImeSn
2.
D.
tam-l-\-Ir-jv-W ImeSn
3.
D.
4.
D.
]m-k- F- I-hn-X-bn {]-W-bm-\p-`q-Xn-sb H-cp ]m-k- hn-tbm-Sv D-]-an-v A-hX-cn-n-p-I-bm-Wv I-hn tam-l-\-Ir-jv-W Im-eSn. {]W-bw F- ]m-k- h-n {]-Wb-\n-I-fp-sS t\-chpw Im-ehpw A ]-e-tmgpw ]-cn-K-Wn-p-I. A-ev-]w ssh-In-s-m
h-n tm-n \n-p t]m-bn--gn-n-cn-pw. t\c-s kv-t-j-\n sN-n-cpmtem
H-n-cn ssh-In-bm-bn-cnpw h-n F-n-t-cp-I. h-n h-m Hm-Sn-m-Sn--b-d-cp-Xv.
H-cp I-\nhpw {]-Xo-n--cp-Xv. Np-h- lrZ-bw ho-in-m-Wn-v h-n h-gn X-S-bm {i-an-cpXv. ]m-f-n X-e-sh-v \m-Ww-sI-Sm\pw \n--cpXv. H-cp Xo-h-n-bm-{X-bp-sS
kp-Jhpw k--Shpw {]-W-b-`m-h-n-te-v k-a--am-bn B-tcm-]n-p-I-bm-Wv C-hn-sS
I-hn.
5.
D.
Page 33
D.
{]-W-b-bm-{X H-n-cn-Zq-cw t]m-Ip-tmgpw k-ybpw ]n-s cm-{Xnbpw B-Ipw. k-a-banm- k-a-b-am-bm h-n-bn c-v t] am-{X-am-hpw. ]p-g-bn H--p- H-cp
]m-ehpw D-m-Ipw. A-tm N--e h-en-v h-n-\n-Ww. F-n-v ]-d-bm-\p--sXmw
]-d-bWw. tI-m-\p-fve-Xv tI-p-I-bpw th-Ww. Fmw ]-d-pw tIpw I-gn-m
Xo-h-n-sb N-{-\n-te-v ]-d-nbpw ]m-e-n-s\ I-S-en-te-v H-gp-nbpw hn-SWw.
{]-W-b-bm-{X-bn P-\m-[n-]-Xyhpw ]-c-kv-]-c-[m-c-Wbpw km-[y-am-I-W-sa-v I-hn kq-Nn-npp. A-tm-tg N-{-\n-te-v {]-W-bm-\p-`q-Xn-bp-sS A-aq tem-I-t-bv-v N-enm ]m-k--dn-\v I-gnbq.
7.
D.
bm-{X G-sd sNp-tm k-a-b-anm- ka-bw B-K-X-am-Ip-sapw A-tm ]m-k-dn c-v t] am-{X-am-Ip-sapw I-hn A-dn-bn-pp. Xo-h-n-sb N-{-\n-tepw ]mes I-S-en-tepw H-gp-n-hn-Sm-hp-n-S-tm-fw bm-{X {]-W-bm-Xp-c-am-bn-o-cpw. A-tm
]p-g-h-nse sdbn-temc-v ko-k Sn--p-I- ta- H-cp I-fn-ho-Sp-mn. sIm-SnI Io-dn D-Sppw sXm-n-ep-ap-mn. I-cn--o-fp-I sIm-v I-nbpw I-dn-bp-ap-mnbpw I-gn-bp--h-cp-sS tem-I-am-Wv tam-l-\-Ir-jv-W Im-e-Sn I-hn-Xm-y-n ]-cn-Nb-s-Sp-p-Xv. hp-t]m-Ip-Xpw h-cm-\n-cn-p--Xpam-b Xo-hn-nI-sf Iq-In-Iq-In
tXm-]n-v Im--sm-m-bn-cw Im-f-h-n-I L-Sn-n- Ime-s I-Sp-t]m-Im
A-\p-h-Zn--W-sa-m-Wv I-hn-v \n-t-in-m-\p-Xv.
8.
Page 34