|l +v

=k +{xEi

=k +{xEi xv

E JV + h Ex E

xE E +v { =k +{

Ih E {Sx E VBM*

xn ={x E +vx E

"Z Sn SB' E Sx E

1.1. ={xn - =k +{

={xn j i E

Expi |k * <x nx {

E* ={xi n E Vxi

E Vx-, , Six,

x M* v-v ={x

+n { EV b n*

{ +OW E BEvE r

+
x M*

={xn {Vn

=xE +lE vx E ]

+tME Gi E V

* +SE xx E iE E

={li +tME Gi B k
i +n E* < {V E i

Vn E Vbx

={xn E V

E Ex , "" n E +

E i+ E M +v

1
|J

i
l*''
={i
xn
E
v

{ EV Ex l*

={xn E i E

E E E h, Vx

E l V V

* +SE +v E

E | xM Exp

Vn * ={x v

2
Ex E
={{
xn
h *'' ={x
2

xi , V +{x +Ei

l E S ={xi +{

|iv B P Ex Mi

+{x Ei B +i Ei E

{bi * < {|I ={x

x Vi * x 1950 E +{

B, E +n) n x +

xE + ={xE H

x E +vE xx M
=k +{xE E Vi *

n -r E n ]x E
H E { Ih x M*

kiE H | x M

H i P

E |i

] |tME i E

Sx-=tM E Ij |

nx' { SviE

+* EEi x-={xn x

xjh + h E V
3

i x ={xn E |J
nx E |EiE vx

=k +{xEi E BE

={xi n E E,

E i n + W

E{x E * nx i {
S E {xJ +

{|I +G] V

={xEh +V iE E
3
E +
Ei *''

O E lx z

bE E Ex - ""=k +{x
4
li
*''

SiE bE xx E n

{Vn E EiE iE i
5
+x|M
+ *''

+SE Mv E +

6
B BiE Eh E
B |

=k +{xEi BE

+vxEin, =k Sx
1.2. =k +vxEin

=k +vxEin E

x E * =xE +x

E v * BE iE

Ei {Vn E BE

bE Vx E +x =k

iE ', <B E E
E Ji *

Vx x "r{Vn E

Vj, +lj {

E i "" < EiE {i

7
xn
j
{Vn "r{Vn'
- "]
E

E =k +vxEi =SS

Yx +l * v {S E

{ix E { x =

i + E+ E B M
5

{] n
8 =k *''
+vxEin E E

{ x CE
1.3. =k Sxn

=k Sxn

BE {r

Sv E i { {i

Sv E rE

E =k +tME M E h

E V Ei * =k Sx

+l E {x S E Jbi

+vxE Vk V E

+{x
r |{i Ei * =k-S

+xx B Ij E

E x EiE Ij , +

Sxn S E +x|

xhE E i nE E

xx', "]M Bb b' i

S E {xJ E V

E E Six E, i +

* E + i E EpE

Jbxn x E El +
6

1.4. =k +{xEi

={xi r

iE E i

{ ={xi B

|M Ex E* x 1

+{xE' {n E |M ={

O E B |H E * ={x

{ ={xi E E

V +SE E +x, ""

VxiE, E + EiE

9
E {i
={
'' x

x
{ =k
+{

+{xEi B M-+{x
Si Ex EB x M

+SE {i, V

E< ni +W E +H *

Can the subaltern speak?

ri

E B "]x'
E Y

ni Six E =k +{x

{ E x , ""=k +

ni M E l * Ij +

10
+{x xVxE E
lx {x
7

i +SE E

+i H E EiE |

VE-EiE { E

=k +{xE ri

n ={

V E +Mi Ex

E M - {ik
Mj {E,

x VE li E {`E
1.4.1. =k +{xEi:

Ih

=k +{xEi E E<

E +vx, i
r{Vn, ]xM,

x={
:
x x ni E

={xE E + - n +

{|I x E +W {

in:
BE V-l n

ri

E vi E VnM

E Mj * V
*
8

Epi:
Epn E xv *

B { VE +i +

ni - ni V =k +{x

"ni Jx' E x J

Y{x:
bEh E n

i+ E +vE +vE +EE

b-b E{x x +{x J

M xi xB x Y

Expi VE l

Wn:
bEh E {h

={V BE i * Wn E

Six H E { x E

xi i + E G

{{
ES:
E Ei E E

E{xi + +Sx

nv E Sx + |

b W-ij E +x{

r{Vn:
x-Vn E +M
9

r{Vn E EiE iE'

{V E x J V

+{xE {Vn E E

E {ii {, Y{x E i

E x< Ei E H
vvi *

k
xM:
E Ep nx E
ih E Ij {S M< *

l-l + * Ei n x

n b , ] xM

M- xM E M

+illn:
nxE p+ x v

"Ii' E i =`< * i

iE nx E Vi x i

E |G "Ux' n Vi

v +M { , +M

I{ =k +{x

|iG ={V < xEi

10

W ij E * |l +

] E , Ei, Sv
n W ij E ii

{ V, Ei, BEi +n

{ nx E I +M-+M
1.4.2. =k

={xn +

=k +{xE E S
nxE VE nn E nx

(logo centrism)
{S nx
E E-ExpEi
E JV E

n "bM' + "S' E

Jbx E M * xi

{* Ex nn < E-E

E +vh+ Mi

xi E E "

BE l +iE + i

=rh E V Ei

+ |i

Ex , ""nn E B "Jx'
i * Jx nn E B BE

E +xi in 11 V E
11

nn x E "{`' E

E BE x o] n* +SE V

xx E "P]x' E

* "{`' E +i

E
{`
fS
E
i

{` E |E i *

12
fM =E
"{`'
i
BESi
Mi
*'' "x

+i l +l x i*

nn E B Jbx E hx

Sx E nx + =

+xh Ex E =

n&v v * Ei E

Jbx E o] {{ S

l, { b x V

E +i, +i{`i) { +{x

1.4.3. =k

+{xE n

+lE =nEh E V

E { i + E |

nJ< {bi * +i& =k +{x

={x E Eh ={li ix
12

Eh =i{z VE {
*

=k +{xE i i
=E j Exp i

""=k +{xE ri

E E
H + =E H{Ei

E VM E E V E

13
nx +
l li
E
Ei
V
E

, VxE +i + +W x

* ni + x +i, V

j {{ E "<nz' x

BE +x { Iji VbE

vx ni B +{x Vb E +

V E "+v M' BE |n

Ei * ={x I

{x xE E J

=k +{xE i E

xx * {b "+xi{`i

{] E M * {
13

Ei * x < V

-=tM BE n n J

E, lxin, M

|k Epin r

=k +{xE n

E + EE + W

Vi * JE E |i` +

+iMi {+ E l Vb

+EnE VMi
+vhB +|ME SE

W + Sx =k +
+ E{x E n ]i *

i +J , Sx , Y{

Y{x *

=k +{xE E

ibi * <E +xi =n

E "Ux ri'

vE |

E * "+i-ll' x< +

B b E M
Ei E Vx ni *
14

1.4.4. =k

+{xE i

=k +{xE SxE

+ VxiE ll E S
JEi Ex I *

il il E{x E B Ji

iE |k - x

ES, +i lln, r {V
1.4.4.1. xH

={xi E x E<

"M' E lx n * < fS

VxiE nx + v

{ |i E u

Ex E * x E n

{ikiE Sv+

+lE VE E E {h

E Mi E ""E< x

B x x Vi*

14
Vi
*'' n-{p
{U

15

{ vx n M *

V E Mnx x

=k +{xE V E

V | B {

+nx* <E En x-+

{Sxx* j E {h +i

+ * < | +h B

j E S, o], +, li

* VE, {E, +iE

{Sxx E | |J =k

E Sx-Gi ={

E V] M< * +l
j E ZE Vx-+xVx

Ei E x P]x ]EE

fi <x {SnM E
1.4.4.2. Eh

{Vn E iiEE BEUj

EpEi W E +
16

l* WEh E i {

M E SUnx B l{x

W E M E {i

l + <E ={H

E | *

iExE E b {x {

E iW Ex G nJi

* E < {n

BE "E O' x M * +

v Vb +{x

E] Vi * E BE x
E S i *

Eh H +

+lE B EiE H

Ebx

E li , BE lx

|Ji B |i` E Vi

Ei +x xi

V + n V { +i
Vx +n) +vi *
17

+SE +x E

Eh, "G<Wx', "b

{i x + ={x

15
Ex
*''
EiE Vn

{ii i * Eh,

+vx + E E +

{h Six xvi * <

xv, |iv, B H E |
+n < q E z |M *

Eh E n-{i

M, Eh, +n q

VEh -{Vn +

+ VE |

=k +{xE +Ih
n +O i V *
1.4.4.3. Wn

bEh E n

+iM xv E {hi

Vx, nxE Six, YxE

18

v, VxiE {ix +n

i {E =q E

+{ ri

x Zi, +x

x Vi * < |E W

nxnx Vx { {b * iE

l Wn E lx

W BE xv - {V

W + {V E

Ei E W E H x

* Ei E W E

E x SE * +

VMi x S Z E

Ei E {h E { {xi{

iE B E E Ij

Jx B E-nP+ <E

E i x SE E n

xn x

x +{x ] i

E * B i xi

JE Vi * Wn x

BE E B =nk +
19

1.4.4.4. Y{x

V Y{x E {`

Mfi + * |iE E

i * ={H iB n+
E ni * i+

E {U G SviE

<SU+ E {Sx Ei S
H E xv n ni *

* < x IE b.

W l Sx E

{n x {n V SW x i

Y{x BV

Ei , S

16
nv E i] Ex

Y{x E + |k E

+xSi =`x E Ii *

x +M E VO
1.4.4.5. {{ ES

Sx-|tME E E

E E V S l
20

Vi - VE z |i{

vE, bW<x-x< +

i E G iW i *

{S n + ri

* + {{ ES M

E { Ei * ={H

< v E |k

WnM + E { i W

{{ ES BE B |G

YxE M`x + |x

E WB P]x+ E ={H

E V b E V

E b E * b E B x

* <E + |Ii { +

h E i E

Vi
ni *

1.4.4.6. r{Vn

=k +vxEi E BE {o

] xM E
21

x Sh * +SE Vx

xM E {Vn Vb

17
+l l E EIj,
]-

SEi, Ij E f

=i{nx E vx E +v{i

* r{Vn =i{nE

{V{x + ]V <V

E
i iExE Gi

E { i Zx +l

"]V' li xi *

xiE EW {n Ei *

+li, b-Vn x

+lj n n * E

x i, Ei +{x +{
Ei E E{ x M *
1.4.4.7. ] xM

x Vn

CE =x ] E B i

E l-l + * Ei n
22

+Ei

n E xC nx

Ei - ""xM x V E

* I E{] + {

18
Eix M n +

...]

xM +{x {V, +{x iExE

x qn Ei ,
li n ni *

] xM x k E

h E Ij S +

+x iExE Gi E V Ei

{n EE, +vE x E
={H-j Zi *

xx J E x<
E V *
(Hyper Realism)
1.4.4.8. +illn

nxE p+ x "Ux E

E nx E "Ii' E +vh
(simulacra)

n Vi * Ux
23

< i+' E { i V

(Simulation)
x< l
i BE
E|{S
i * p+ <

* =H {xSi li

v +M { , +M f

ll M Vi

i iMii Ji Vi

* < M<, {|I +

+, +ihiE, +i{i

+ill { b Mf
* =xE n E {] Ei ,

{{x (<x)

=nh "x'* x BE S

i Vi * Vxi

ix M x "V

|i E Vx i *

* ={H E Ex+ E

Ji V |i-{Vx {

24

1.4.5. =k-+{xE

b {Vn + +

SxB + |ix n M

{` xB i { EB* <

+ E +H Ex

v x M * E x

Eh, ={Hn, W

+{xE |k nJ< n
x E li + Mi E

{+ E nJx E o] E

x E "`E E M

"E`M' + | j E

{' +n < E] + Vi
"`E E Mx' |ii

E =`i * Vx E E

+v{E xE, V E x

{ +ii

B P-{ E

n x Ex + +E x

V E j v o] E {n
25

n MM E "=E

{i E UbE | E {

{Si * JE x +vxE j

xB { |ii E * "E`M

j + { E z-z xW

={x E +Ei *

BE' + < E " x n

={x E xEB x i

Ehi+ H E {

+ix B +iM

JE x x E ni {

E ExpE xE V E
E *
| j E "x'

ii E S EV E

I-VMi {i ]S

E * z {W E

ME, BiE +

< { u EB Vx
26

xn ={xE lx

tx i * +{x <E E

Jx E Sxi <xE Sx+

+ Yx Sin E "
"' nJb

+EI+, {x, bx+

E +Ex E M * ={x

E P { ]E * +{ E

=E {j E n BE

|iE , V E M n, v

, n E bE E Ubi , +{

E M x, M M
xi *

"xxx' BE E< v

= B E E Ml

+nn i n U {

* j-+

iE ElxE
Sf, n + =l-{l

={Hn E Sjh ={x

27

+n E "Jb C

{ E Ex |ii

E Eh M UbE S

i * JE x M
E q E |ii E *

Eh E H

+H E

<{' |ii E * <

nx "+Sn' E

b, x + ]

Mn xEi Oi x

Ei E M * M E

E li +n E Vi Sjh < ={

h {b E "i

vx + k E nb

{jE E Sjh JS M

V E Pzx { E l

bEh E |J |

VG =Jx * E, i +
28

+H VMn Sin E

=Jx * "Ex] {' BE

El E v n E

| + * "El E' i-

l b E +x v

* JE nx {J

* Wn E ZE

bEh E nx ={

, x +n |J =k

{Eix' p] * ={x

i E

<i + Eii E l P

|ni E-Ei E Sjh <

{i nj E q

=k +{xEi E +x

1.5. xp E Sxi

xp E Vx 7 i

Yx B.B E ={v
29

 M nS{

E |J {j-{jE+ E l

+vE |i`i * =xx +{x

i
V

E , <B =xE |r

={x
Bx.B.b. E *

xp E {h V

Vni BEi

Ei, +{x b E +x E

* xi E =kE] |

SB* =xE Sx+ E I

BEn iE , E {U

BE l i {{ B {

* xp i {{

V E +xE { Ei

v E q E

x xn i E i v+
Ex, ={x, M, I

V E iE nx E

30

1.5.1. x]EE:
xp E
Vb Bl

b x]-SxE =xE

Ep Mi x]E +En x
Eh E { Eh iE'

{E * i M

=kE] E * =xE iE

z * =xE Sx+ j-{

+{x Sx+ M E

x]E il | h

|E B +vE E v

+xE oxv H x E

E x |M E {Ebx

=xE E< x]E En

|ii E M * "

Eh +i Eh iE' +n <E

Vx E +iM Ih E +x
{bi *

1.5.2. ME:
xp E M-

MB v vx E {h
31

 14 M J Ei *

Mi + p{i+

E
1.5.3.

IE:
v|n E |r

Ex Ei B " n

xin o]' V J

E * "|E', "x]M', "+VE

|Ei B *
1.5.4.

BEEE:
xp x]E E

"xn C i x +i' O

xv + { E P]x

xv E z xWB |i
1.5.5.

ExE:
xp E Ex

Ei * <xE Ex +E

{g E S E n, VE

+n E +H < * =xE n E

Vb' + " E i il
=xE ix |Ei
1.5.6. ={xE:

={x

Sn SB' + "n n E

|i`i ={x V Ep
32

1.5.6.1. +v {

=k +{xE {|I

E ] {Sx * < Y{x

=k +{xE |k

={H Ei E E x M

* Mx Y{x b

* v, z + xx V

{ E l xv Jx <

VM Ei - " Z Y{

M +E xMxi { {

i bW<x + =tM{i E
Mx Y{x Vb

xE ffE Vx E

E ib E +{x V E i

=iE nJ< {bi * V x

={V {E Vx E xB
1.5.6.2.

n n E B Mni

={x ={H Ei
33

={H Ei +{x E

W >S Ei {x E

={x E {j x +

EI { n E WE

={x { +{x i

* Eh E WB j-{ E

fMi xiE E v

WEh ={V

E fM +H E *

E Sjh, E xnx

i * <E WB "b

x-l { iJ

li E Eh Mhb nx-n

={x B E< q E

E xEi E l n{
]S E Sjh JS *
1.5.6.3. "Z Sn SB'

xp E < SSi

< V{ E fOi Vx
34

ll iE E b E E

+ Vx E iE S

bEh E {|I E
Ex E | E *

+iin i E l

EE E P E { |

={xE x x] =k

E | E * +n +i iE

E =rh E l ={x E El

f< M< * x E-SJ

E * x +{x n-S

* {S B { E +{

Ex ={xE x

={x E Exp {j "

xE ={li i * E {

S E E VG i

xnv E |ixvi E

En E EE M

Ei E {SE *
35

+tME V E Ei E

E E {|I E
V

S {i * +{x

E M EIj +i

x B E { {-|v

Mi * B ], S

* S{x x +i
{|vx V u nB MB

E E z +
{n Ei *

E E WEh |G

xEi * Y{x B

{Ebi , <E {E ={

E V {V xv
n i * BE n iE

i E {nb Y{x

< Ij I , +C

Zi Ex E x
36

Sx-|tME B

E { |E] i * <E

Ei ZE

M Vx- E {S

Eh E +{x E

+n VM Vx E + i
i i *

+{x Zi{i

|{i Ei <E V

] Vi * <E |h E

Ei E + { Vx M

xx {, S +x

=iE li E { i Ex

o]Eh =k +{x

{E xv {i-{

{ E +vhB B

x, <E V "' {
{E{x ZEZi *

37

=k +{xEi E BE

={xi n E E,

E i n + W

E{x E * nx i {

S E {xJ + {

=k +{xEi x

Sx-|tME E +x{ f

] E x, i, Ei + E

{Vn ={Hn i

M* xnv E {x{

W + b xj

ni |ix { xp

W M* =xE ={x

Six { B n-{ix E

E ux x E xi Sx

V + b , = Zn

q E =`i * +i& v

SB E |in xE <x S
VBM:
38

1. xp

E ={x

2. xp E ={x
Sjh*

3. xp E ={x

4. xp E ={x

< ={x E Exp {j "

b E M iE Si =

+i, +Wn + +vE E

V ={xi ] E =

+xnx E V E S

CE VxSix E] M
n Oxl
1
2
3
4

V|E, ""x ={xn +

+v E , ""=k +vxE
Vx - S 2003, 149
Bill Ascheroft et.al., The Empire Writes Back, Theory and Practice (New York:
Routledge, 2002) 194
Term post colonial refers to all the culture affected by the imperial process from the moment of
colonization to the present day.

Ania Loomba, Colonialism/Post Colonialism (New York: Routledge, 2007) 26

Post coloniality is the condition of the intelligentia of global capitalism

39

Ania Loomba, Colonialism/Post Colonialism (New York: Routledge, 2007) 247

If post modernism is the cultural logic of late capitalism it can be applied to post colonialism
in its extended form.

6
7
8
9

Leela Gandhi, Post-colonial theory (New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1998)
143
Post colonialism is the term used to signify the cultural and historical globalisation of the tune.

b. v {S, +Sx

+
v {S, =kvxEi +
1994), 55
Bill Aschroft, et.al., Key Concepts of Post Colonial Studies (London: Routledge,
2001) 186
The term has subsequently been widely used to signify the political, linguistic and cultural
experience of societies that were former European colonies

10 Ehnk {, =k +vxEi
11 b. v

{S, +Sx +
191
12 VE,

""VE nn: BE Ji
13 Ania Loomba, Colonialism/Post Colonialism, (New York: Routledge, 2007) 26
Post colonial theory shifts the focus from locatio nand institutions to individuals and their
subjectivities. Post coloniality becomes a vague condition of people anywhere and everywhere
and the specificities of locals do not matter

14 n , J E Eb
15 Ania Loomba, Colonialism/Post Colonialism (New York: Routledge, 2007) 173
Post colonial studies have been pre-occupied as the issues of hybridity, creolisation, diaspora
and liminality with the mobility and cross over ideas and identies generated by colonisation

16 b. i, ""=k +vxE
17. b. Vxl , =k +vxEi
+En, 2003), 44
18. b. v

{S, +Sx

+
-------------

40

ui +v

+{xE

"Z Sn SB' E +v

+{xE xnv E

EE-Ei u |i`i E +

x E i Si + l{i

E + EE E uxu, Sx

+n z |S { "Z S

xnv { +vx E

n E V +xE +

Yx E +i{ |Mi, +t

E +n x VE Sx

i E E E ix {] S

V + Sx - |tME
Ei "n lb ' < E

E E

W * n +tME