Homework 4

Name

: Nadya Amalia

Student ID

: 20213042

Subject

: Computational Physical Systems (FI5005)

Lecturer

: Dr.rer.nat. Linus Ampang Pasasa

HEAT-CONDUCTION PROBLEMS
A thin rod insulated at all points except al its ends. Heat-conduction equation:

length of the thin rod, = 10 cm

final time, = 12 s

(, ( ), )

=0
2

space step, = = 2 cm
time step, = =0.1 s

boundary conditions: (0, = )100 and (, 0) = 50

initial condition: (, 0) = )(

thermal conductivity, = 0.835 cm2/s

using implicit finite-difference method and crank-nicolson method.

SOLUTION
Implicit Finite-Difference Method
Heat-conduction equation:

=
2

The heat-conduction equation requires approximation for the second derivative in space and
the first derivative in time. In implicit finite-difference method, the spatial derivative is
approximated at an advanced time level + 1 by a centered finite-difference approximation
+1

+1

+1

2 +1 2 + 1

()2
2

Similarly, a forward finite-difference approximation is used to approximate the tie derivative

+1

Thus,

which can be expressed as

()

2 +
=
()2
()
1

+ (1 + 2)

where

For the thin rod at = (= ):

+ (1 + 2) =

Boundary conditions: = and + =

Initial condition: = ()

Difference equation for the first interior node (= 2), = :

+ (1 + 2)
=

(1 + 2) = (2) + 100

For the first interior node (= 3), = :

+ (1 + 2)
=

2 + (1 + 2) = (4)

For the first interior node (= 4), = :

+ (1 + 2)
=

+ (1 + 2) = (6)

Similarly, for last interior node (= 5) , = cm:

+ (1 + 2)
=

+ (1 + 2) = (8) + 50

We obtain the following system of the equations:

2

(2) + 100
0 2
(1 + 2) 0
2
(1 + 2) 0 3 = (4)

0 (1 + 2) 2
(6)

4
(8) + 50
0
0 (1 + 2) 25

For the thin rod at = . (= ):

+ (1 + 2) =

Boundary conditions: = and + =

Initial condition: = ()

Difference equation for the first interior node (= 2), = :

+ (1 + 2)
=

(1 + 2) = + (100)

For the first interior node (= 3), = :

+ (1 + 2)
=

2 + (1 + 2) =

For the first interior node (= 4), = :

+ (1 + 2)
=

+ (1 + 2) =

Similarly, for last interior node (= 5) , = cm:

+ (1 + 2)
=

+ (1 + 2) = + 50

We obtain the following system of the equations:

3

0 2 2 + 100
(1 + 2) 0
3
23

(1 + 2) 0 3 =
2
0 (1 + 2) 3

0
0 (1 + 2) 35 25 + 50

Simultaneous equations can be solved for the temperatures at for = 3, 4, 5, ,

Crank-Nicolson Method

The Crank-Nicolson methos provides an alternative implicit scheme in second-order accurate

in both space and time. To provide this accuracy, difference aproximation are developed at the
midpoint of the time increment. To do this, th etemporal first derivative can be approximated
+1/ 2

at

by
+1

()

The second derivatice in space can be determined at the mid point by averaging the difference
aproximation at the beginning ( )and at the end (+1 ) of the time increment

+1

+1

+1

1 +1 2 + 1 +1 2 + 1

+

()2
()2
2

which can be expressed as

where

+ 2(1 + )

= + 2(1 + )
=

Number of space steps, = = 5,

Number of time steps, = = 120,

For the thin rod at = (= ):

= 1, 2, ,

= 1, 2, ,

+ 2(1 + ) = + 2(1 + )

Boundary conditions: = and + =

Initial condition: = ()

Difference equation for the first interior node (= 2), = :

3

+ 2(1 + )
=
+ 2(1 + )

2(1 + ) 3 = 2(1 + )(2) (4) + 100

For the first interior node (= 3), = :

+ 2(1 + )
=
+ 2(1 + )

+ 2(1 + ) = (2) + 2(1 + )(4) (6)

For the first interior node (= 4), = :

+ 2(1 + )
=
+ 2(1 + )

3 + 2(1 + ) = (4) + 2(1 + )(6) (8)

Similarly, for last interior node (= 5) , = cm:

+ 2(1 + )
=
+ 2(1 + )

+ 2(1 + ) = (6) + 2(1 + )(8) + 50

We obtain the following system of the equations:
2

2(1 + )(2) (4) + 100

0
0
2(1 + )
22

3 = (2) + 2(1 + )(4) (6)

2(1 + )
0
2

(4) + 2(1 + )(6) (8)

0
2(1 + ) 4

(6) + 2(1 + )(8) + 50

0
0
2(1 + ) 25

For the thin rod at = . (= ):

+ 2(1 + ) = + 2(1 + )

Boundary conditions: = and + =

Initial condition: = ()

Difference equation for the first interior node (= 2), = :

+ 2(1 + )
=
+ 2(1 + )

2(1 + ) = 2(1 + ) + 100

For the first interior node (= 3), = :

+ 2(1 + )
=
+ 2(1 + )

+ 2(1 + ) = + 2(1 + )
For the first interior node (= 4), = :

+ 2(1 + )
=
+ 2(1 + )

+ 2(1 + ) = + 2(1 + )
Similarly, for last interior node (= 5) , = cm:

+ 2(1 + )
=
+ 2(1 + )

4 + 2(1 + ) = + 2(1 + ) + 50
We obtain the following system of the equations:

2(1 + )22 23 + 100

3
0
0

2(1 + )
23
2
2
2

3 = 2 + 2(1 + )3 4
2(1 + )
0
2
3

0
2(1 + ) 4 3 + 2(1 + )24 5

0
0
2(1 + ) 35 24 + 2(1 + )25 + 50

Simultaneous equations can be solved for the temperatures at for = 3, 4, 5, ,