Symmetrical Fault Calculations

Example 1
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 1
Step 1: Calculate Base Values

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

MVA base = 100

kVbase = 34.5
Zbase
10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Ibase

2
kVbase
=
MVA base

34.5 2
=
= 11.9ohms
100
MVA base 100 MVA
=
=
kVbase
34.5kV
= 2898 .55 A

Example 1
Step 2: Calculate p.u impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

Z Tpu

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

Example 1
Step 2: Calculate p.u impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

Z Tpu

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

10/12.5 MVA
6%

Zutility
13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

kV
MVA base
x oldbase
kVbase
MVA oldbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

Example 1
Step 3: Calculate fault current

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

IFpu =

Vpu

Z total
1.0
=
= 1.775 pu
0.48 + 0.0833

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 1
Step 3: Calculate fault current

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

IFpu =

Vpu

Z total
1.0
=
= 1.775 pu
0.48 + 0.0833

10/12.5 MVA
6%

IFHV = IFpu x
13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Ibase

= 1.775 x

3
2898 .55

IFHV
x 34.5
13.8
= 7426 A

IFLV =

= 2970 A

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Zutility

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 1: Calculate impedances

Zutility

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Z Tpu

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 1: Calculate impedances

Zutility

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

Z Tpu

13.8 kV

Z Gpu
F

Calculate the fault current at F

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.12 x
= 2.4
5
= ZG x

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 2: Calculate equivalent impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

1.0V
0.0833
5MVA
Xd=0.12

Zutility
2.4
ZTpu

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

0.48

ZGpu

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 2: Calculate equivalent impedances
ZEq

1.0V

0.0833

Zutility
2.4

ZTpu

ZGpu
0.48

0.456

0.5633 * 2.4
=
= 0.456
0.5633 + 2.4

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 3: Calculate fault current
ZEq

1.0V

0.0833

IFpu =

Zutility
2.4
ZTpu

ZGpu
0.48

0.5633 * 2.4
=
= 0.456
0.5633 + 2.4

0.456

Vpu
ZEq

1.0
= 2.192 pu
0.456

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 3: Calculate fault current
ZEq

1.0V

0.0833

0.5633 * 2.4
=
= 0.456
0.5633 + 2.4

IFpu =

Zutility

Vpu
ZEq

1.0
= 2.192 pu
0.456

2.4
ZTpu

ZGpu
0.48

0.456

IFHV = IFpu x

IFLV

Ibase

3
2898 .55
= 2.192 x
= 3668 A
3
I
= FHV x34.5
13.8
= 9170 A

Example 1 & 2 Comparison

34.5kV

34.5kV

SCC = 1200 MVA

SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

IF =7426 Amps

13.8 kV

IF =9170 Amps

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Zutility

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV

Zutility

SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Z Tpu1

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV

Zutility

SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Z Tpu1

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

Z Gpu
2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.12 x
= 2.4
5
= ZG x

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances

Zutility = 0.0833 pu
Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu

34.5kV

ZGpu = 2.4 pu

SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

Z Tpu2
13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.05 x
= 1.667
3
= Zt x

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV

Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu
ZGpu = 2.4 pu

SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

Zutility = 0.0833 pu

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Z Tpu2 = 1.667 pu

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

2500 * 0.746
pf
1865
=
= 2154
0.866
MVA base
= Zm x
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.17 x
= 7.89
2.154

Motor rating =

Z Mpu

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Zutility = 0.0833 pu
Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu
Z Gpu = 2.4 pu
Z Tpu2 = 1.667 pu
Z Mpu = 7.89 pu

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 2: Calculate Equivalent impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%

1.0V
5MVA
Xd=0.12
0.0833
13.8 kV

1.667

Zutility

ZMpu

2.4
3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

ZTpu1

ZGpu
0.48

7.89

ZTpu2

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 2: Calculate Equivalent impedances
1.0V

0.0833

1.667

Zutility

ZMpu

2.4

ZTpu1

1.0V

ZGpu
0.48

7.89

ZTpu2

0.4354

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 3: Calculate fault current

1.0V

IFpu =

Vpu
ZEq

IFHV = IFpu x
0.4354

IFLV

1.0
= 2.297 pu
0.4354

Ibase

3
2898.55
= 2.297 x
= 3844 A
3
I
= FHV x 34.5
13.8
= 9609 A

Symmetrical Fault
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

34.5kV

34.5kV

SCC = 1200 MVA

SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%
10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV

5MVA
Xd=0.12

3 MVA
5%

F
13.8 kV

IF =7426 Amps

2.4 kV

13.8 kV

IF =9170 Amps

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

IF =9609 Amps