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Respiration
Sensitivity or Irritability
The ability to detect or sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and to
make responses.
For example moving towards the sent of food when you smell it.
Growth/Development
This characteristic is when there is a permanent increase in size or weight of
a living thing.
It includes the replacement of worn-out parts of the body.
An increase in cell number or cell size or both.
Growth requires an organism to take in material from the environment and
organize the material into its own structures.
Reproduction
This is the processes which make more of the same kind of organism.
Humans must reproduce if the group is to survive.
Reproduction is often an extension of the growth process. e.g.
There are two types of reproduction. (Sexual Reproduction and Asexual Reproduction.
Excretion
This characteristic is the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste
products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and
substances in excess of requirements.
Excretion is only responsible for the removal of waste produced by metabolism
in body cells.
Removal of undigested food from the intestine is called elimination or egestion.
Nutrition
This is the intake of food into the human body, so that body cells can make
energy and provide the materials for building up the body structures.
Plant cell
Plant
cells
have a
rectangular shape.
Have all the components of Animal cells and other parts.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Ribosomes
Microbes
Microbes are single-cell organisms so tiny that millions can fit into the
eye of a needle.
Bacteria
A bacterium is a unicellular organism, with a cell wall, cell
membrane and cytoplasm.
It contains genetic material but no true nucleus.
Bacteria are single-celled microbes, which are generally
smaller than other cells.
A line of 1000 bacteria stretch about 1 cm.
Bacteria can be ball shaped or rod shape.
Structure of a Bacterium
It has a cell wall.
It has a cell membrane.
It contains DNA but not a true nucleus.
Bacterium does not have parts such as those found in animal
and plant cells.
The flagella help the bacterium to move
Viruses
Viruses have two main parts.
An outer capsule made mostly of protein.
An inner core of nucleic acid (DNA /RNA).
Viruses reproduce, but they can only do this inside a living cell.
Because viruses cannot carry out life functions such as growth and
reproduction, is they are not inside a living animal or plant cell.
All viruses are called parasites.
A parasite is an organism which lives on or in another organism.
Viruses are classified as parasites.
Structure of a Virus
A virus does not has cell wall or cell membrane.
Surrounded by a protein coating.
The protein coat protects genetic information of the virus.
A virus has no cytoplasm or cell parts.
Fungi
Yeast is a fungus that is unicellular.
Yeast cell contains mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum,
ribosomes and a large vacuole.
Cytoplasm
All cell activities take place here.
Contains the cell organelles for example mitochondria
and ribosomes.
Nucleus
This is where chromosomes are found
The nucleus controls the cells activities.
Mitochondrion
This is where cellular respiration take place.
Where energy for cell activities are release.
Cells which are more active contain more mitochondria.
Cell wall
This is a non-living layer outside of plants cell
membrane.
The cell wall allow substances to pass through it freely.
Vacuole
Large in plant cells and contain water (cell sap).
Small and sometimes not permanent in animal cells.
Chloroplast
The green pigment chlorophyll is found in it.
This is where photosynthesis take place.
Not found in animal cells.
Ribosome
Makes protein
Epithelial cell
Line the cavities and surfaces of structures in the body
Form many glands
it help in secretion, selective absorption and protection
Sperm cell
Specialize to fertilize egg.
the tail allows the sperm cell to swim towards the female sex cell.
Egg cells
Have a large nucleus containing genetic information from the female.
Store food in the cytoplasm.
Osmosis:
the movement of solvent particles (usually water) from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration through a partially
permeable membrane.