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1. Introducere
ntreruperea curentului ridic probleme n
reelele de curent continuu, n care curentul
nu trece n mod natural prin valoarea zero.
Pentru ntreruperea acestor cureni, sunt
folosite ntreruptoare mecanice de curent
continuu,
ntreruptoare
statice
sau
ntreruptoare hibride [3].
n fig. 1, este prezentat un sistem electric
n care este montat un ntreruptor hibrid.
Intervalul 0 t t1
n momentul apariiei scurtcircuitului,
ecuaia de funcionare a circuitului se poate
scrie:
L1
di s
+ R1i s (t ) = E s
dt
Es
= I1
R1 + R 2
(3)
1
p (1 + p
L1
)
R1
+ L1
1
In
R1 1 + p L1
R1
curentul
dic 1
+
ic dt + uc (0) = 0
dt C 0
Ri c (t ) + L3
R L i c + p L3 Li c L3ic (t ) +
(6)
Laplace
1
U
Li c = c 0
sC
p
(7)
U c0
L[( p + ) 2 + 2
notat
cu:
(8)
R
;
2L
02 =
1
;
LC
2 = 02 2 .
Aplicnd transformata Laplace invers,
obinem expresia curentului:
ic ( t ) = e t
(5)
Am
is (t ) = I sc (1 e ) + I n e
(1)
Es
= R1Li s + pL1Li s L1is (0)
p
49
U c0
sin t
l
(9)
(4)
2Q
R1
de scurtcircuit n regim
permanent: I sc = Es
R1
Aplicnd transformata Laplace invers,
obinem expresia curentului:
ic ( t ) = e
t
2Q
U c0
sin t
l
(10)
50
u c (t ) = A +
1
ic dt
C 0
(10)
uc (t1 ) = U c 0 ,
u c (t ) = U c 0 e 2 Q cos t
(11)
u c (t ) = E s + e
Intervalul t1 t t2
n acest interval, curentul prin ntreruptorul
mecanic ncepe s scad din cauza injeciei
curentului invers furnizat de descrcarea
condensatorului. Curentul prin ntreruptorul
mecanic respect relaia:
iint ( t ) = i S ( t ) ic ( t )
(12)
Ric (t ) + L
dic (t ) 1
+ ic dt + u c (0) = u s (t ) (13)
dt
C0
R Li c + pL Li c L3ic I 2 +
Rezult
imagine:
Li c =
astfel
1
U + E s (14)
Li c = c1
pC
p
soluia
domeniul
E s + U c1
pI 2
+
2
2
L[( p + ) + ] ( p + ) 2 + 2
(15)
t 2
2Q
(16)
Intervalul t 2 t t 4
La momentul de timp t3, are loc a doua
trecere prin zero a curentului prin
ntreruptorul mecanic. La momentul de timp
t 4
2Q
condensatorului
(W CO = 1 / 2CC U CO ).
Tinnd cont de relaia (10) i avnd n
vedere c << 4 Q rezult c valoarea
maxim a curentului condensatorului de
comutatie este [2]:
I C max =
U co
= U co
L
C
L
(19)
3. Dimensionarea circuitui de
comutaie
Dimensionarea circuitului de oscilaie L-C
duce la o anumit frecven de oscilaie a
curentului de descrcare. Curentul din
ntreruptor trebuie s treac prin valoarea
zero ntr-un timp foarte scurt. n momentul
n care este sesizat defectul de senzor, se
va da o comand de nchidere a
ntreruptorului static. Condensatorul de
comutaie C1, fiind prencrcat la tensiunea
Uco, mpreun cu bobina de comutaie L3
vor crea un curent de oscilaie de sens opus
curentului prin ntreruptorul mecanic. Astfel
este creat trecerea curentului de defect
prin valoarea zero. Pentru circuitul de
comutaie al ntreruptorului hibrid, se vor
stabili dou frecvene de oscilaie pentru
care se vor realiza simulri cu PSpice
pentru a se analiza comportamentul
ntreruptotului n funcie de frecven.
Circuitul
de
prencrcare
a
condensatorului nu este prezentat n fig. 1.
Valorile componentelor sistemului din fig. 1
sunt urmtoarele:
U,I
Ic
2.0K
Is
Us1
0
0s
1.0ms
V(S1:1,S1:2)
2.0ms
3.0ms
I(C1)
I(X_S1.S1)
Time
4.0ms
5.0ms
51
4.0K
U,I
Ic
2.0K
Is1
Us1
t
-2.0K
0s
1.0ms
V(S1:1,S1:2)
2.0ms
3.0ms
I(C1)
I(X_S1.S1)
Time
4.0ms
5.0ms
A
l
L = N2
(20)
52
4000
3500
3000
Ic [A]
2500
Series1
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Cc [uF]
3500
3000
Ic [A ]
2500
2000
Series1
1500
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Cc [uF]
U,I
Ic
2.0K
Is1
Us1
0
0s
1.0ms
V(S1:1,S1:2)
2.0ms
3.0ms
I(C1)
I(X_S1.S1)
Time
4.0ms
5.0ms
53
6. Acknowledgment
This work is a part of the study in the PhD
thesis with the title Contributions on static
and hybrid switching in circuits with intense
currents.
7. Referine bibliografice
U,I
Ic
2.0K
Is1
Us1
t
-2.0K
0s
1.0ms
V(S1:1,S1:2)
2.0ms
3.0ms
I(C1)
I(X_S1.S1)
Time
4.0ms
5.0ms
commutated
thyristors, , in IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, Volume: 21 , Issue: 21, Page(s):
646 651, April 2006
[8] MEYER C., SCHRDER S., RIK W. DE
DONCKER, Solid-state circuit breakers and
current limiters for medium-voltage systems
having distributed power systems, in IEEE
Transactions on power electronics, vol. 19,
no. 5, September 2004
[9] BESREST, R., SELLIER P., ZIMMERMANN
C., New hybrid circuit breaker/current limiter
with serial and parallel commutation
assistance, in International Conference on
Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion and
Power Quality, Nrnberg, Germany, May
2004
[10]STEURER M., FROHLICH K., HOLAUS W.,
KALTENEGGER K., A novel hybrid current
limiting circuit breaker for mdium voltaje:
principle and test result, in IEEE
Transactions on power delivery, col. 18, no.2,
April 2003
[11]ROODENBURG B., TAFFONE A., GILARDI
E., TENCONI S.M., EVENBLIJ B.H.,
KANDERS M.A.M., Combined ZVS-ZCS
topology for high-current direct current hybrid
switches:
design
aspects
and
first
measurements, in IET Electr. Power Appl.,
2007, 1, (2), pp. 183 - 192
54
8. Biography
Adrian MARIN was born in
Bucharest (Romania), on 23rd of
June, 1979.
He
graduated
the University
Polytechnic of Bucharest, Faculty of
Electrical Engineering in 2002.
He is currently a PhD Student at the same
faculty.
His research interests concern low voltage circuit
breakers, hybrid commutation and power
electronics.
Mihai
Octavian
POPESCU
received the El. Eng. degree in
1970 and the PhD degree in 1983
in the Polytechnic Institute of
Bucharest, Romania.
Since 1995 he is Professor a PhD
advisor in the Electrical Engineering Faculty of
Politehnica University.
Between 1996 and 2004 he was Dean of
Electrical Engineering Faculty and actually is
Vice-Rector in the Politehnica Unversity of
Bucharest.
Domains of interest: Power Electronics,
Electromagnetic
Compatibility,
Renewable
Energies.