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FRONTISPIECE.
:B:
Cc^ ocm^.
A N
ESSAY
O N
ARCHITECTURE;
WHICH
IN
Its
PRINCIPLES
True
are explained,
AND
Invariable
RULES
propofed,
FOR
Directing the Judgment and
Taste of the
E
and the
Forming
NTLE
MAN
ARCHITECT,
With
regard to the
Buildings,
Embellishment of Cities,
Different
the
Kinds of
And
Planning
the
the
of
Gardens.
Adorned with
A FRONTISPIECE,
Mr. Wale, and
defigned
by
curioufly engraven.
LONDON,
Printed
for
T.
in
Osborne
Grnys
Inn,
and
^7SS'
t o n,
PREFACE.
WE
have various
treatifes
of Architedture, w^hich
meafures
which
and proportions
of
We
all
kind of
have not
as yet
eftablifhes in
rules proper
lent
and to
to dired
fix the
a 2
the
tafte.
ta*
It
appears
Preface.
iv
me
appears to
not
fiifficient to
know how
artift
An
For
end
learn
he
has
occalion
this
for fixt
ment and
fo that
juftify
he may
his
tell if
choice:
a thing be
of
talents
felves to
abundance of people
have applied them-
make
us fenfible of thcdelicacies
fi
A C
They have
of poetry,
A^ery learnedly
The myf-
E.
of them.
delicacies
wrote
of thefe ingenious
have
arts
there remains
be
that
made
them.
veries
to
There
in
beauties.
them on
the way,
as reins to reftrain
proper
real
them
The
limits.
and ferved
in their
jufl rate
is
fixed
their
fallies
their
wandrings.
poets,
If
good
muficians,
it
painters
or
good
want of theory,
defed of
we want good
it
would be the
their Talents.
a 3
Archi-
Preface.
vi
which have
given us precepts of
its
without
They have
difcernment.
mined
it
rules at
deter-
hazard upon
their defedts
to
principles
difference,
diftinguifh
obligation of
confounding them:
all
rised
that
vile imita-
clared
legitimate:
their inquiries
fadt,
their
on themfelves the
tors,
wanting
limiting all
by confulting the
lef-
fons
.P R E
A C
E.
,^*Vii
of errors.
Vitruvius has only learnt us
he does
not confine himfelf to the tearing of the veil that covers them,
abyfle's
roads of
follow
pradlice,
him
in all his
with confidence.
a
wandrings
I fay
Mr. de
Cordemoi
viii
fi
# A c E.
part of others,
the
truth,
them.
tedure
His
is
hath difcovered
treatife
of Archi-
extremely fhort,
but
comprehended therein
excellent principles and views
extremely refledted.
He was
he
has
capable
in
unravelling a
little
It is
fome great
architecl
may undertake
.P R E F A C E.
take to proted
ix
x\rcliite<9:ure
from
in dif-
mined laws
all fciences
objed.
all
Every
thereof.
art,
have a determined
To arrive
at this objed:,
good, there
is
well.
is
that
we ought
to be
In
things
acquainted with.
there
it is
all
What
then
is
this art?
by invariable prin-
ciples.
much more
able than
my
felf,
may
Preface.
may
undertake to clear up
this
ture,
that none of
main
hereafter,
folid reafon
am
may be
given.
endeavouring to produce an
inconfiiderable
In confidering with
that end.
my
Sometimes
various imprefiions.
produced in
mixed with
fiafm:
me
a pleafure
tranfport
at other
that
and enthu-
times without
my
employed in an
agreeable manner ; it was indeed
found
felf
a, lefs pleafure,
a true pleafure.
but neverthelefs
Often
re-
mained
P
malned
R E F A C E.
altogether
Xi
infenfible
and mutinied.
long time upon all
I refledled
ed,
effeds.
fame
thefe different
repeated
tions until I
my
obferva-
objefts
always
made
the
From
thence
concluded
firft
that
habitude of the
fenfes,
agreement of them.
or of the
2dly,
That
the
xii
R E P A c
fe.
was
of the mind,
tions
fufceptiblc
of coldnefs or vivacity, of
nefs
and
3dly,
diforder.
exa<5t-
That
others a talent
acquired,
that
is
which
is
not
a mealure of genius
this talent,
this
genius,
ought
neverthelefs to be fubjeded
and
confined by
laws.
tating always
In
medi-
firous
own
was de-
of their
upon
effect.
felf for
have called
an account of
fentiments.
my
was willing
to
::
Preface.
to
know why
xiii
J
me
this
that were to
me
This inquiry at
infupportable
firft
prefented to
me nothing but darknefs and unwas not difcouraged, I have fathomed the
abyfs, until I believed I had difcertainties.
had rendered
tory anfwer.
given to
my
have not
my foul un-
me
Satisfac-
All at once
it
has
where before
and
their light I
in
making ufe of
have difcovered by
little
Preface.
xiv
and
little
appear,
and
doubts to
at laft able to
my
felf,
by
all
the effedis
which
the road
iy
me
demon-
principles
neceffity
the caufes of
was ignorant.
Such
have followed to
my felf.
to
dif-
my difficulties to vanifli,
am
ftrate to
my
little
It
that
it
is
fatis-
my
my
my felf, to criticife
feverity my decisions, even
contradided
with
to try
them
to penetrate farther
would thereby be
nefited.
infinitely be-
Preface.
that
my
principal
and
the public,
in
tifts
way
and
conjediure,
felves
if I
with
aim
vx
is
to put
efpecially
to doubt,
ar^
to
to content thera-
difficulty
too happy
quiries that
might difcover
defedls, corred:
and to excel
my
my
inaccuracies,
my own reafonings.
all
their application;
intelligence
I
their extent
and
with an
fhall fay
my
enough herein
of.
to fur-
working
Preface.
xvi
working,
and
means of
perfection.
with
infallible
have
endeavoured to render
my
as intelligible as poflible.
felf
have
At
enough known:
fenfe
is
to
architefts,
As my
form the
I
avoid
found elfewhere,
in
figures
principal
tafte
all
and
unneceffary to load
work with
their
of them.
delign
leaft:
may be found
explanation
dictionaries
of the
the details
I
this
find
it
little
which might
TABLE
TABLE
O F T H E
CHAPTERS.
INTRODUCTION
Chapter
ciples
Of the
I.
Page
general prin--
page 9
of ArchiteSiurey
Article V,
T^he ^windows
41
and
doorsy
Chapter
2
II.
Ofthe different
orders
of ArchiteEiure^
.
Article
I.
64
Article
Article
8y
der,
94
Article V.
of the
The
different order
Compofitey
104
ofen^
riching
TABLE
riching the different orders
ArchiteSlure^
Article
rf
ill
Of
VII.
Buildings
Chapter III.
ii 8
..
128
art of buildings
Article
Of
I.
the folidity
buildings y
Article
The
II.
convenieftcy or
fttuation of buildings.
Article
III.
T^he
Decorum
53
to be
obfervedin buildings
Chapter
of
129
lyy
ing churches^
195
V. The ornaments of city s
242
to
entrance
The
citys
Article I.
Chapter
245
Article IL
Article
III.
buildings
Chapter
VI,
gardens.
The End
Difpo/itivn of[ireets^
The decoration
258
of
265
The emhelijhing of
272
essay
An
UPON
ARCHITECTURE.
INTRODUCTION.
ARCHITECTURE
the ufeful arts
all
which
requires
diftinguifhed talents
moft extenlive
as
much
as
of
that
is
moft
the
well as the
knowledge.
Perhaps
is
re-
rank.
firft
chanifm only
confined to
is
required
that
laying foundations,
building walls,
all
It
meall
is
and
according to rules;
accuftomed to judge of
hands
to
manage the
a line,
and
trowel.
When
INTRODUCTION.
fome
game of machines,
ragged labourers
fents itfelf to
vulgar,
it is
this
a multitude of
is
all
that pre-
of any
art,
which
are underftood
who
cite the
admiration of
them.
tions,
which
the boldnefs of
an extenfive and
all
moft
difcern
intimates
fruitful genius.
Or-
dif-
clofes
thought.
Whoever
is
delicate
capable of dif-
from confounding
thfe leffer arts,
it
in the rank
far
architedlure with
will be
tempted to place
fciences.
The
INTRODUCTION.
The
all
the perfedtion of
comes
with
which be-
and enchantment,
fure
We
ideas.
experience therein
fweet emotion
and that
that
agreeable
of genius.
moft
eloquently
Monf. Perrault
building fpeaks
fine
for
knowing man
pears a
architeft.
its
in his writings
;
only ap-
the colonade
Architefture owes
in
it
to the Greeks,
which
it
all
that
to
is
perfect
a free nation,
to
be igno-
and
fcien-
ad-
miring,
helped them
to,
to
INTRODUCTION.
fliew the
perfedtion
is
to join their
mains
arrived
at,
to imitate or decay.
The
liberal
ted
tafte
its
new
and
wherein
unfkilful
naments
ridiculoufly
under
which alone
crea-
principles,
of
fyftem
arts
Architedlure,
proportions
or-
conneded and
as
modern
This
fuperfluous.
archi-
all
Europe.
Moft of our
To
altl o'
ficent
had Tome
to the
it
this archi-
beauties,
and
there governs in
fpirit
INTRODUCTION.
fpirit
yet admire
we may
of invention,
one beholds
air that
in certain pieces,
which through all their ways have fomething forlorn and inimitable.
But
at
in vain
They
by the force of
and
inquiry,
jfkill,
and
examination,
trial,
of good
many
rules,
tedure in
all
and
its
re-eftablirtied
rights.
Archi-
They aban-
their
pearances
Corinthian.
vention,
elegant ap-
of the Doric,
Ionic and
The French
flow of in-
ima-
INTRODUCTION.
imaginations
envied Italy
the
glo-
Every place
tions of Greece.
now
of ^monuments that
dour,
atteft
full
is
the ar-
We
of
have had
The
our Vigniolis.
where in regard
amongft us, hath
paft age has
an age
talents,
nature
to
and per-
difplayed,
chance exhaufted,
The
paft age,
all
its
fruitfulnefs.
produced
in feats of
wc
But
at
moment
the
that
had not
with
us,
we
and de-
an entire downfall.
my
me to
reflections
upon an
art for
which
I
have
INTRODUCTION.
In the
defign I propofe,
moved by
new
artifts
known
many
my
doubts,
make
them
of which I
ufages
them,
to
a ferious
mind
bring to
and
them
to
If I
as certain
amongft
received
my
opinion only,
of certain prejudices
Don't
let
hurtful to
arts.
them
of their profeflion
fufficient
critical
diveft themfelves
with
ideas
judgment.
too
myfelf to
defire
real abufes,
refer themfelves to
which
my
of
are
examination.
univerfally
I
whom
of
I confine
abilities:
communicate
a defire I think at
things,
leaft frivolous.
our
not
paffion I deteft
telling
am
cannot Tpeak of
knowledge
it is
it
afluredly
INTRODUCTION.
8
ly the
moft vain of
Wc
difficulties.
ever
made
rules
is
The knowledge
verfes.
of
is
me
with refpec-
table authorities,
lible.
greateft have
fometimes erred.
It
is
a rule.
Don't
by pretended
finds
let
them
interrupt
impoffibitities
none.
am
me
idlenefs
reafon fees
cept of
perchance
in this writing,
find,
refledions
that
difdain to
all I
make
ufe of
them
this is
alk cf them.
Chap-
mow
Chapter
I.
is
IT
wIthArchitedureaswithail other
founded upon
of
this are
Let us confider
that.
man
in his
of
firft
of his wants.
place.
Near
He
wants an abiding
to a gentle flream
down
and
foftly
he per-
growing verits
ten-
him, he appn^aches,
invites
of nature nothing he
:
wants, he defires
fently
nothing
but pre-
to feek a (hade.
He
per-
An Efay
lo
on ArchiteSlure.
perceives a neighbouring
wood, which
offers to
him
he runs
to hide himfelf in
thickets
In the
mean time
obfcure the
itfelf
down
air,
upon
as a torrent
licious foreft.
thick clouds
The man
by the fhade of
this
de-
badly covered
thefe leaves,
knows
how
invading
not
every
part.
he Aides into
his view,
himfelf dry
But new
abode,
c^ve prefents
he
and finding
it,
applauds his
defedls
fees
itfelf to
make him
difcovery.
diflike his
himfelf in darknefs,
he breathes an unhealthful
he
goes out of it refolved to fupply by
his induftry the inattentions and negair;
Some branches
An
ii
Ejfay on ArchiteSfiire^,
down
rhes broken
in
which
Above he
difpofes into a fquare.
puts four others acrofs, and upon
thefe he raifes fome that incline from
he
he
raifes
both
perpendicularly and
fides.
is
co-
now
and
the
man
is
lodged.
*make him
feniible
of their inconveni-
fill
pillars,
himfelf fecure.
fimple nature
up between the
and
Such
It is
the flep of
to the imitation of
have
The
little
juft defcribed,
which
all
its
the model
upon
coming near
in the execution
it
is
in
of the
fimplicity
An
12
of
fimplicity
avoid
this
on
model, that
firft
eflential
all
lay hold
EJfay en Architedlure.
defeds,
that
true perfeftion.
we
wc
Pieces
The
hori-
upon them,
In
which form
ment.
of
art
But then we
have confefTed.
ought here
to
Never
guard.
fruitful
in
from hence
the mafters
all
be very
much on
our
was more
principle
confequences.
It
is
eafy
which
by necef-
or
effential
parts
confifl:
in the part
by
caprice,
that
all
,
coniift all
the
beauties
added thereto
the defcvSs
I
am
endea-
vouring
An
ArchiteSlure.
Efay on
vouring to throw
all
13
it
poffible.
Do
not
us
let
ruflic cabin.
little
lofe
of our
fight
can
fee
nothing
ture
a pointed roof
tremities
arch,
no
I
As
pediment.
call a
ftill lefs
yet there
is
no
of an arcade, nopedeftal,
attique,
is
all
only
If each of thcfe
fituation
neceflary for
to add
There
is
is
is
it,
for the
work
is
perfedtly done.
a very fine
it
placed in the
monument of
what they
call
at
the ancients,
Nifines
the
An
14
ttoifleurs,
tiful
Effay on ArchiteSiure-.
everybody admires
building
becaufe
all
What
therein
is
this
the reafon
wherein
agreeable to the
is
beau-
long
columns fupport
thirty
two
is all it
extremities
by a pediment,
contained
this colledlion
Let us enter
then into a
of an order of architedture.
II
<i
<?
1^
^ t
II
Article
An
EJfay on ArchiteSiure.
15
Article L
l%e Column.
I ft,
Column ought to be
jljL
defigned to fupport
all
the weight,
its
2dly,
cxadly
tached, to exprefs
it is
ftrength.
to be de-
column fhould
diminution from the bottom
have
its
gives this
fort
5thly,
plants,
of dimunition to
diately
of the
We
found
(hould
thing
rules are
as
all
juftified in
our model.
which
imme-
All thefe
therefore look on
defedive,
as the
every
deviates
real neceffity.
ift
An
EJfay on Architedlure.
J-
Defect
ift
detaching the
when
is
columns,
inftcad of
they
hold
tainly the
its
from
rence,
from
or takes
it,
we would live
and not
open
in
obftacle
its
takes
circumfe^
in covered places
Then
halls:
there
is
a neceffity to
fill
lumn would
defeft,
by
it
neceffity
membred,
But
it is
always to be re-
an imperfedion^
that
we muft
them
difcreetly,
bility
we
we
In
ufc
and in an impoffi-
When
(hould engage
poffible,
ftill
may
lefs,
a fourth
fo that
them
part at
as little
as
moft and
ly
air
which
We
them
gives
fo
much
grace.
neceflity
ful
lumns.
referve
they
The
beft
columns
may be
way would be
for
porticos,
where
we
to
In
them
whenever
fhort
we
convenience,
Gervais
as thofe are
4ers
Was
ble in
it ?
It is
e^an refped:,
having very
to
dare to
little
hu-
cenfure
In expofinoedifice,
I ac-
quire
An
quire the
EJfay on ArchiteSfure.
right
other, without
may
it
other faults,
con-
furprifed, that
little
tony 's-ftreet.
fliali
After what
You
affedt.
a value
church
upon the
in St.
An-
make
difagreeable effedt.
not there, as
iVIr
'
It is
a moil
fed, that
an architecture in baffo
relie-
its felf.
mind of man
it
to
engage columns
j/ln
in this
BJfay on Archite5Jure.
neverthelefs this fault
repeated upon
is
19
found
all
So grofs a
may be
of the
2d
human mind*
Defect.
This
pilafters.
in
is
the
employ fquare
but a bad re-
prefentation of columns.
Their angles
art^
and
from the
fimplicity of
There is in them lively and
incommodious ftops that obftrud: the
deviate fenfibly
nature.
view.
Their
furfaces
roundings give a
order.
They
flat
are
air to
the
harmonies
the
whole
not fufceptible
without
of
column.
upon them
We
as a
ought then
to look
not
20
is
pilafters
but by cuftom. The tafte of
alas! where
has prevailed every where:
are they
not found
Neverthelefs to
re-
that the
La upon
which
Change the
ftres.
joint
columns of
pavilions
,,.
portico
An
prefent pilafters
lions
fuffiices
that a
21
the pavi-
columns,
expofes
portico
lone
Ejfay on ArchtteSture.
This variety a
to trouble
all
have occalioned.
of
of the chapel
fpaces
every one
Verfailles,
is
there
round point,
is
pilafters
is
and
We
that the
one of the
ii^-
ufe
greateft
introduced into
ed
in
pilafters
as
the angles,
pilafters
The
to
all
confounding one
pilafter
fort
m\}ci the
is
of
trifle
ufes.
that
they put
They marry
column, and
in the other.
it
feems
it
as if
placed
An Efay
tZ'
on ArchiteSfure.
compa-
lumn
and
it,
Indeed
fon for
know
them
defy
any fenfe
in unit-
<:olumn has
fter
its
too
ftrait at
Is there
led
either
at top.
any fpace to
up
Is
there any
place
more
upon
th:s
article.
It is fil-
to enrich
a half or a quarter
The
of a pi-
were not
fcrupulous than the moderns
fometimes fhewn
:
for they
alternatively
is
fill
a pilafter.
cut.
and
it
appear
lafter
thefe
pila-
from whence
this' will
The
up with
There
diminution, the
happens that
of
to
Is there
it.
nothing
pilallers.
ancients
delicacy
than
ojixed
wdth
columns
This
averfion
An
averfion
EJfay on Architetlure.
23
me The more
have found
wherewith
averfion.
in
to
principles
true
it
myfelf
juftify in
They make
ufe of
this
pilafters
ned only by the confideration of expenfe, there remains the part only of
ings
of architedlure,
(hall
never pardon
moft
is
eflential part.
3d Defect. This
Is
inftead of the
do not be-
to our
artifts.
It is
Let us do
juftice
B 4
that
^^ E^ay
^4
on ArchifeBure.
tifed,
our
lumns
are
no
eat admirer,
them,
lefs
who was
them and who has
of
had not
pure a
fo
authority ought to
guifhed
will always
fl:ill
him
reckon
The
rufl:ic
capricious imagination.
entire
column
that
one
It is
fees
a-
not an
they are
columns, heaped
in an
unequal
mo-
and extremely
fine palace
amongfl; th^
excellent mafters.
amongfl: us,
tafle
ages.
that
their
Architedlure
praifes.
tafl:e
efl:ablifli
admittance.
dillii
co-
filled
his
found in
ruftic
Phillibertof Ormus,
fluted.
The
works.
latefl
harfh.
of Luxemburg
is
The
not in-
difl^erently
^n
EJfay on Architedfiin.
-differently disfigured
The
lumns.
worfe.
He
by thefe
twifted
co-
ruftic
columns
are
ftill
them had
that invented
undoubtedly
125
required
moft
fo
certain
much
an imagination.
The
twifted
cc>-
of
in wreftling,
it
has
fome who
ral
taile.
work
Others
us
at firft
fine,
becaufe
ftill
of a lower
pieces of
it
vvas
tafte
columns
the
difficult.
have given
ftraight,
upon
Others in
tafte,
ftiort
fatisfy
chan-
26
channelling
of an upright
column.
Thefc extravegancies have above all
been effeded in repairs of altars.
Rome, of
great
but
invalids,
St. Peter's at
men
I (Lall
tv/ifted
Do
not
us run
let
it
us con-
let
it is
and natu-
Defect.
4th
only
room of making
This
the columns
in
is
r.eft
the
im-
them upon
being, if
edifice,
legs.
have
When
it
pedeftals.
may
is
The
been
The columns
of the
them other
of which I fpeak
abfurd to give
pedeftals
invented
through
v^ant.
Were too
fhort^
method
An
Effay on ArchiteBure.
27
thefe
that
they
make
ufe of as a furbafe
The
to the
column.
palace
of Soubife
is
portico of the
intolerable,
be-
and
would be
charming work.
is
to
The
a continued
fay
upon the
and
this
always
ticowhofe
when we
interior
build a porx
pavement
is
higher
portico
blaming
that
it
this
will
Far
furrounds.
pradice,
am
from
perfuaded
The
columns
An
28
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
columns may
fometimes
alfo
when
bafe,
columns
the
Verfailles,
the Louvre.
iefs perfect
between the
up by a fupported
balluftrade,
of
feparate
little
fpaces
are filled
bwr
it
iand
the portico
in
would even be
of
is
deficient,
if it
fity
^o a portico which
found raifed to
is
the
firft ftory.
it is
of our churches
altars
them
have
mofl of
offer
much
to
The
it
They
would
have them of
to
make them
from thence arofe the neceflity of peAt the principal altar of the
deflals.
Jefuits
-one
church in
fees
for
St.
that
Antony' s-flreet,
reafon
columns
raifed
An
Ejayi on ArchiteSlure.
upon two
raifed
the other.
time,
monftrous
this
one upon
pedeftals,
fhall
29
performance.
for-
that of
i^
it,
made in architedure
an
good
pedeftals
to fupport a ftatue,
want of tafte
eflential
them
word
In a
and
to appoint
ufe.
Let what
have been
any other
for
admitted in
and
all
his
all
own
of ancient
pieces
That
from which
edifices
have
I will
in the
my
are
prin-
never depart.
Every invention which is againft nature, or for which one cannot give a
folid
reafon,
provers,
rovift
is
had
flie
a bad invention,
profcribe
and we
it.
Article-
An
30
EJfay on Architecture
Article
II.
The Entablature.
THE
entablature
that
jed:
model of
is
the fecondot-
our ruftic
cabin.
to
we name
fented,
as
ture.
Now
our model
form a
(hall
in not
we
wandring from
conclude
its
length
it
The
ift,
reft
2ldy,
That
upon
That
the condemnation
of the following:
defeds.
ift
Defect
is,
inftead of giv-
columns,
to fupport
It
by great arches.
vi-
cious.
An
cious,
Ejfay on Architediure.
Becaufe they
ift,
make
31
fquare
pillars
lidity
in
confifts,
heavy
pillars
air.
fall
niency of
a^ain into
pilafters.
the
inconve-
They
reprefent
deviate
and ftops,
from the natu-
feels
the conflraint,
which
which
one,
and the
firft
perfe<a:
made
3dly,
The
ar-
to be fupported,
as a fupport.
Now thefe
arcades here
For
what
lumnS
3a
EJjay on ArchiteSfure^^
J,ti
It is
more
I fay
unufeful
and the
entablature
ex-
know if one
make
fliould
fupport
woud be
iifelf,
becaufe
too diftant.
ceffity is there
a plat-
would
it
its
fupports
when
the
fight
of which would be
why
a prudent increafe
ever be of
a,
frightful
of which would
Angular agreement.
We
nothing
dity of
may be wanting to
Thp
the building.
*
the
that;
foli-
ancients
have
An Efay
have
left
rules.
upon
us
We
putting
on ArchiteSlitre.
33
more
ourfelvcs
at
the.
in
large
columns,
Why
them.
fhould
we
exceed
at
delicate?
is
it
appeal thereupon
fpaces of the
of
chapel
Verfailles.
We need
weight.
to admire thefe
as delicate.
the world,
It is
fine pieces
of ar-
as folid,
becauie
it
is
natural
all
and
models before
tects turn
not be connoifeurs
as exaft, as bold,
chitedlure,
true.
two
greatefl:
their
from them
eyes
our archi-
to their miferable
arcades.
adiy,
^^^ ^ff^y
34
Second
tablature
ArchiteSiure.
^^^
Defect.
is
.rcprefen'^s the
entablature
Have we
tively
'
The
and would
fleftedj
Is
it
ever re-
not be fuperla-
receffes
what caprice?
what
fay
the
as
they ad-
and
to retire
This
borious,
riety
*
without
Thefe
more
tafte
inequalities
in
an entablature
by the meeting of
equal front
it is
deceived,
nothing
when
a projedive or
un-
prudent to have an
interruption there.
is
la-
But
if
am
not'
lions difpofed
than abritrary.
Pavi-
An
add which
front,
little
Bjjay on ArchiteSiure.
many
fo
arc, as
35
buildings detached
are the
know
fronts that I
of,
we have
Becaufc
pure caprice.
all
re-
make
of which
have been
in a great building,
one
may
low
become
thing that
rcr
unequal fronts
hands of indifferent
wherein one
occafion
avoid monotony.
abufe.
fol-
afid the
in the
architects
every
might
that one
believe,
lates to fronts
juft fpeaking,
It
is
would
an
certainly
from thence
I return
to
my
we
idea that
of
tafte
many
only,
not neceffary,
all
in a
cannot give a
which
And^the
building for
folid reafon
is
the moft
fatal
is
of
prejudices.
Arti-
An
36
EJfay on Architediure.
Al\TICLE
Upon
THE
the Pediment.
pediment
of the
III.
is
edifice,
it
the
laft
piece
reprefents the
therefore cannot
it
Its
form
is
effentially triangular,
ought always
to
be placed above
Let
the entablature.
us.
then refolve
Firfl
Defect.
This
is
to
make
is
only
ought
to
roof,
it
mable
to the objedl
the^ *idge
be placed conforit
reprefents.
of the roof
is
Now
always taken
fim-
An
E/fay on Architetlure.
fimplicity
happen
to
and
itfelf,
them
never
will
it
37
which
pediments
They
nothing.
iignify
in
but
let
them know
that in
all arts it is
to put
with regret
pediment
This pediment
placed here,
as the
cefTarily declaring
flat
is
as to
in the middle.
much more
as
is
much
balluftrade
with a
It
only
great
it,
ill
that
or ne-
an edifice covered
mind becomes
A much greater
incovenience
roof
calls
trade
and
lous
is
is
ftill
Is,
found cut by
this
pediment,
manner.
At
leaft
'
they have
avoided
An
38
avoided
Ejjay on ArchiteBure.
the
horrid
that
fault
fom^^
What
with.
fhall
it
meets
row
fay of that
but that
german
imitation of the
don't fee
many pediments
is
a very
roofs
There they
inr
of no ufe
therein.
Second
always
rnore
or
which
is
lefs
triangular.
The
point
terminates
fharp /
in
the
pediment
the reprefentation of
form.
it
ought
Then the
ftill
more
.
reafon broken
pedi-
An
Ejfay on Architediure.
39
Then
Ipeak
all frenfies
Defect
Third
to place pe-
is
nothing
a roof, a pe-
alfo
pradtice.
is
roof:
The portal
pther.
which
this defeat,
its
merit,
dice
of
leiTens very
how great
may be
Gervais hath
St.
much
in favour
of
this edifice,
man
can approve
the pediment
tablature.
the
fenlible
double
below^ as
It is riiuch
is
any
that
worfe
have
pedi-
have ob-
ftill,
when
To make
this ufe
of
it,
is
C 4
Neverthelefs,
how
40
An
Effhy on ArchiteSiure.
how many
find!
wc
how*many
How many
doors,
thefe ridiculous
pediments
K?% P^^
^is)
Article
An
Efjay on ArchileBiire.
Article
Of
the
41
IV,
Jiories
different
of
ArchiteEiure.
THERE
isfometimer: a neceility
of placing
many
orders of ar-
chitecture one
it
to
be that
have different
caufe,
ftories,
when even we
or that be-
(liould not
be
der of Archited:ure
In this cafe
the
is
not fufficient.
orders
one
placed
which nothing
vided that
we
is
blamable,
pro-
rules
Firft,
it
the
repre-
An
42
EJjay on ArchiteBure.
from
hence above
ought
dentils
well
as
triglyphs
as
the
or
the
corbels,
all
to difappear
brackets
of
all
To
pentry.
againft
good
rules,
more grofs,
commit it.
I
admit them
as
and a
a fault
is
fault as
go further, and
and cornifh
is
that there
much
alfp reall
parts
called frife
may
be
left
it
is
as
a fupport
ments of the
off
roof,
advance-
defigned to throw
It is
to the
fall
of the water.
refte<5ls
fequently that
it
An
Ejjay on ArchiteSlure.
43
Other-
wife the great projection of the corcuts too (harply, perplexes the
niili.es
harmony, and offers no more than feparate parts, from whence there refults
The column
plete building.
ture
is
wouU
every ftory
Architrave;
have
connedion and
unity,
an
entire one.
corniihes hath
niencies
and
in
The
in
The
this
and
thef
compofe
projedion of the
itfelf
water
procefs of time
makes the
The
confequenee
greatefl dcftrudion.
of
is
then there
is
a heavineis,
which renders
ruinous.
The new
portal
of
St.
Af^
44-
on Arthitelure.
mf^y
St. Sulpicius
The
advance.
firll
all
projection,
the inconvenien-
The
which have
to every ftory a
tours
complete
the
feparate,
two
though practice be
fally
contrary
whwn
to
terminat:^
by
orders,
one
fliews
viiion
of the
to
inferior
architrave,
reprefentation
of a
the di-
At moft would
flories.
be admitted
around, a
the
very naturally
floor
members of
all
fiaiple
cornKli.s, as a quarter of
filet,
and an ogee 3
So
almofl: univer-
order,
it
little
corniOies interrupt,
that
it
is
liitle lefs
in or-
the ba-
capitals
An
Ejfay on ArchiteSlure.
Second,
e (hould always
45
have the
that
pradiice
is
lighteit at top.
dictates
this
It_ is
rule,
and
But
tedlure.
at laft
be arrived to the
ought
I
to
have its
laft,
of archi-
when we
fliail
which alone we
entablature complete,
fignify
the
tive in
It
its
proportions than
brings to
of fome
this:
Attic.
loovres^, that
idea
is
crowning
ignoble manner.
tlie
ic
in
The
a pitiful end
great front
of
the
gar-
46
gardens
not to
is
which
minate
it
They had
ter-
to the other.
only to diminifh
it.
and
to
If
fatisfied.
is
it
objected
fufficient height: I
firft,
and there
As often
Thirdly,
be
as
many
be'caufe
many
clofe
if
ftories,
then the
ftories
which
is
moft miferable.
It is
the
of a
floor,
to have a
then
new
it
would be neceflary
architrave
for every
floor,
An
floor,
Efay
on ArchiteSiure.
47
They have
Architedure.
followed
interior courts
of the
for
from
it
in the pavilions
the
to this
building
in return,
lery
deviated
added
upon
the
river.
It
very
is
that
and
to avoid
fo
been
put two
ftories
folly
of
even
who
there
good
fingular
There have
contradicting.
architedture,
little
a contrail fo
architedls,
not content
to
architedtiire
place
litde
ordef
under a greater.
It
is
An
48
is
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
as if they
church
built
another.
at
ample of bad
tafte
in
found again
it is
of
St. Sulpicius,
beiides.
upon another, we
bearings
falfe
vices the
it
fiiould
which
are*
moft oppofite
avoid the
of
to
all
the
nature
is
line,
and do not
above
faults
This
is
one of the
it
two
groffeft
more nor
lefs
co-
with
which
fo
many
people
An
Ejfay on Archite&ure.
true, that
fee
is
it
an entire
born by
four
49
it
will always
be
a monftrous thing td
of columns,
periftyle
arcades
great
which
All
Architects agree
that
the
void
upon the
Now
full.
domes with
them
another manner than
let
they do.
of his genius,
if
If
an idea
he invents a manner
agreement
thing
is
not to
If the
make them.
domes, we ought
part to let
as
ought yet to
when we
to
the exterior
build
it is
uni-
verfally
An Efay
on ArchiteSiure.
The dome
of a foof.
church in
St.
of the Jefuits
Antony's-ftreet, befides
this point in
ner.
I
man-
pieces of Architecture
which
upon
are
nothing.
Such
the
bear'
co-
ed in
They
told
lobby,
fixt
piece this
if
frightful
tail
pieces,
lobby in plat-band
.
all
An
Ejjay on Architecture.
all
that
is againfl:
nature
may
In a building there
ceflity that
which
it is
a ne-
all
foundations.
is
pgog^QOOcQ
*
II
II
^ ^ ^
Arti c l
5^
ART
V.
C LE
Of windows and
A N
edifice
doors
of detached columns
alfo,
being open in
all
parts
it is
not
one's felf
air,
from the
interefting, oblige
fpaces
of the
injuries
us to
more
up the
ftill
fill
fary.
to
be deter-
would
it
The
is
fold-
with a
concealed
which
arches,
feelg t09
much
the
art
labour of
and conftraint.
Effay on ArchifeSlure.
j$tt
are as
to fixed
or
ftraint,
little
branches which
One imagines
natural.
above
it
gives
them more
53
windows
grace.
But
of which
fides
hypotheneufe
is
two
and the
a curved-line.
Thcfe
is
that
they
there to cover
be
of a
much
full
have
been placed
a defe(5l.
better to avoid
It
it.
would
Doors
Any where
At prefenC
windows
full arched. I doubt one might find examples thereof in the good monuments
elfe
there
is
^f
^^ .mf^y
54
on ArchiteSfum-
of the
all
full arch,
more from
irregularity
Thefe
common
of windows very
at this
the inconvenien-
and deviate
of their form.
to
If they
entablature.
It is a
than loovers.
thing, in almoft
all
no
The win^
be under the
place
moft deplorable
ches,
to find
thefe
fame right
much
line
but
fhould have
all
the
what
is
vary them.
Windows and
doors en-
compo-
An
He
Ejfay on ArchiteSlure.
of the great
more
did not
architrave
collateral pavilions
palace of the
give
the
curtailed
that
55
of the
Tuilleries in
order to
the
windows
elevation to
know
MonC
bufinefs.
his
when he
placed below a
which
cuts the fugreat arched door
perior bafe upon which the columns
the louvre,
are placed.
Hitherto
all
and
road.
What
then in efFet
is
cannot
my
a nich
know
good
can be pleafed with looking on
I
hollow tower.
invincible,
me
is
In truth I
it ?
believe
a ftatue placed in a
is
My
and
that
window
cut as a
antipathy to niches
till
hands upon
all
it,
thofe
who
An Efay
56
who (hallprefent
naturally and
upon
bury
^nd
plain
pieces
A ftatue is
not
placed
but
elegantly
Why
the hollow
in
hide thereby
to
rence
them.
pedeftal.
a
it
on Archifediure.
then
to
of the wall,
the circumfe-
which commonly
Thefq
or fupporters, a
difagreeable objecft,
which
much
too
feels
labour to expofe
could hide
of
are
all
of pain and
If one
to view.
it
thefe fpurs,
indifpenfable
where they
neccflity,
we
am
rous
Our
to
very
oppofe
artifts
will
fentment, if
in
fenfible
is
it
received
dangecuftoms,
owe me much
come
to trouble
re-
them
to permit liberties
which
condemn,
Bui
An Efay
^t
on Arcbitedfure.
I defire
prevention or
idlenefs
tion of their
them indeed
to
true perfec-
when one
do well
as
that herein
we
It
i$
they are,
rage emulation.
loft
acknowledge that
will b.e
It
art.
up-
principles
57
little
encou-
not required
is
fliould fervilely
obey
examine
if
my
ideas
pies faithfully:
from thence
draw
to
neceflary con-
as
have admitted
which we make
them
as licences,
it
be
in.
An
58
EJJay on ArchiteSlure.
in a prudent
a fault, all
having no connexion
ciples,
any
neceffity.
it is
fo,
fliali
It
our
my
See then
f eforni
which
is
If
make
it
it
method.
can be proved
me
a duty in
to
it.
architeds
greateft
have
been
there
is
none of them who have not habitually fwerved from the fe verity of
your rules
you, what
and
we
we admire
would be
full
the objedion
hath
if
is
of
are to believe
as mafter-pieceg
faults.
confefs
No one
very ftrong.
lefs deiire to
memory;
cereft
refped their
have forfhem
veneration.
would be a blind
But
all
the fin-
after
all
it
prejudice to believe
that
An
that
all
cifely
EJfay on ArchiteSlure,
59
pre-
well,
is
In
it.
of committing
faults,
of rules which
fe verity
now been
cenfure
room to
works, what will
their
happen from
it ?
We
fhall
go further
The
art (hall
more
We
perfedt.
we
beauties,
have juft
(hall
be
They
I
will
flill
them
cbjedl to
to
reje<ft.
me, that
thing,
tablatures,
dows,
reft.
retrench very
True
it
is
that
near
I
all
take
win-;,
the
from
it
of a great
many
trifles,
which
Att EJfay on
fco
which
makes
what
it
and
iiO
plain.
^deceive
any
from
oblige
them
let
do
natural
is
not
from the
take
not
nor
architedt
nor
labour,
his
fource.
Biit
themfclves,
thing
parades,
ordinary
its
him always
to pro-
art
and
Thofe who
are
ma-
conftrains
of their bufincfs
ilers
far
it.
bour, I
dy and
condemn them
clofe ftu-
la-
to an extraordinary precifion.
As to the furplus I
hat
to a
their
With
if
the
little
he has a
plans. infinitely,
variety of forms
and
to regain
what he
of.
|iave
It
hath
been
lofes
on the
abridge
ages
combined, always
by the
that
him
they
differently the
fcrcft
An
EJfay on ArchiteSiure.
tones
{tvta
of mufic,
6i
therefore
it
all
parts
eflential
compo-
of an order of Architedure,
fition
how
tions,
is
fources of an
agreeable variety
one
felf to thefe
One
is
wanting.
They
may
at laft
many of the
attaches
extraordinary works
that
combina-
We do
we have
it
(imple.
objed
to
mirable
in
fpeculation,
poflible
in
pradice
become
for
mc
adim-*
example^,
not
weak
An
6z
EJfay on Architenure.
I
folidity.
amples that
What
jedion.
deflroy the
totally
may
When
be done again.
ob-
one confults
ces in
Ihall
otherwife
why will
v\re
difappear;
lefs
more
ftrength
than
ftrength
pilafters
Is
Columns have
their proportions demonftrated upon
principles of folidity.
As foon as
round
line,
without
bear.
effort
Why
all
do they
aflert
architraves in plat-band
They
will be fo,
if
that the
are ruinous
They
mafly wall.
But
load
if
them with
if
they
put
63,
ought to have,
frife
and cornifh
at the
moft,
It is
makes
It is
the
The
grace.
lefs
there appears
and
if it
work
will
be
all,
the
perfedl.
>|<X
^
4*
t^
^*ck
4* j9
Chap-
i^ o
^4
Chapter
H^e
II.
of Archi-
different orders
teSiure.
THE
number of the
Architedure
of
not abfolutely
is
The Greeks
fixed.
orders
more
have no
The Romans
of
fit
tafte
to
As
and genius,
this
it
is
an
affair
naturally appears
We
in this refped:.
are not in a
worfe
mans:
the
fince
firft
Ro-
have invented
two
it
why
lliould
new way
It is certain
we
and provided
that
we
ufe
it
with as
much
An
mf^^y on ArchiteSturf.
65
we
fhall
their
much
true glory.
The
prefent time
all
made any
we
fhall
fadt
our
till
the
have not
Perchance
one day
fee
that
efforts
invention.
real
known ways
is
difcovery of a
the
We will
nature,
diftributcd
all
her
In
gifts.
me
that
we
have
taking
it
feems
properly
but
They
are the
only ones wherein one can oblerve invention and particular charadter, whihl
and do not
an
Doric,
agreeable
and
the
differ
a very
is
only
Compofite
and
66
and Corinthian.
It is
Romans, and
tions to the
all
that
precious and
is
Greeks alone.
I will
that
folid
owes
it
the
to
orders
time,
in
its
both
its
exceffive lightnefs.
fo
little
invention,
There
of
tafte
them as
of the
fine arts
up the fpace of
From
the revival
french
invention
Phillibert of
in
Archited:ure
he
Orme is
greateft effort, to
til
man.
An
EJfay an ArchiteBure.
67
than any
to
reduced
enough underftood
neglected.
It
remarked,
that
We
talent.
All
new compofite
for
long lince
invention
value
generally
it is
has been
ill
not our
is
ourfelves
more
and
to
ever
it
of others,
improve upon them.
Howthree orders only are our
be,
The
real riches.
the heavieft
Doric
is
the
firft
and
The
pro-
a manner as to give
The
Corinthian
the
greateft
without banifhing
ftrength poflible,
delicacy.
it
is
the
give
it
without
laft
it,
to
excluding
ftrength.
The
Ionic
An
68
Ionic
all
is
EJfay on ArchtteBurf.
between both.
It
has neither
of each.
ftood feem to
all
fill
The
the
all
partakes
fo
under-
art,
It
wants and
all
our
taftes.
are
then
all
up.
It
add
any thing
to fo
filled
happy an invention.
Article
An
Effay en ArchiteSture.
Article
Of what
69
I.
all
the orders
column
of Architefture
compoled of three
The bafe, the 'fhaft, and the
Pedeftals have been profcribed
the
parts
capital.
is
Their
al-
all.
They
fhall
it
fortifies
folidity
of
it j
is
more
no pretenfe whatever
ufe of it arbitrary
:
ons of
folidity
the ufe of
it.
There
is
and agreement
The Doric
order
juftify
is
the
had
An
70
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
him felf
Vitruvius
gives
:
all
weak againfl
ho bafe
to the
thefe authorities
the motives
executed.
is
all
for
which
the br-
them the
modern
who
have
efleffed to
In
all
the orders
the entablature
trave,
frize,
three
parts
trave that
when
is
of architefture
and cornifh.
there
is
only
Of
an
thefe
archi-
to be ufed
chitedlure.
The
frize
and the
cornifli
to fay^
the architrave.
That
muft
be
An
be
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
Many
entire.
they
when
architeds
themfelves
fee
71
for
ftraitned
li-
This
cornifli
fault
thing for
is
it
architrave.
boldly in the
Abbey of
to the
immenfe
edifice
of the
Pren:ont,
it
a great fault,
is
tafte.
more
compofe the
floor,
This fuppref-
bad
eff^cdt,
de-
fers itfelf
people
Here
have
not
dared
E 4
to
of-
many
decide.
They
An
yz
They
E/fay on Architediure.
entablature
onght
In pradice
be
to
entire.
left
indifferently,
if the
which
nifli
roof will
the
is
eflentially fixt
always be retrenched
entablature
many good
will be
which
Fiom
pediment.
refult
to the
by
below the
is
effeds.
Firft, there
of
the
pediment
will
Thirdly
the
two
in
In
all
there
which
the
are
orders of Architefture
two
ferve
for
forts
all
of mouldings,
ornaments,
the
The
firft
An
firft
Ejfay on Architcdlure.
fomcthing in
have
73
themfelves
and grace.
foftnefs
found
ings
are
with
tafte,
allotted
from
there refults
agreement.
What
then
mixture or fortment?
am
up
myflery
the
mouldings are
mixed
and
is
it
much
this true
comparifon
going to clear
The round
of.
what
architedure
in
The
mixture
and ought
rules.
The
is
an
fliarpnefs
of the difcords
that a
wife compofer
artifice,
lliould ufe, to
by the
fame
to follow the
that
contraft
he may increafe
the
im-
delightful
piece of mufic
and
infipid if
if the
the ears
it
would
flicck
abounding
^^ mf^y
74
ing:
on ArthiteSfure.
From
Let us apply
this
Architedure
to
is
fuited to
all
all
the harfh-
it.
harmony
round
neisof
The
them.
perfeft,
it
neceflary that
is
from
tin^e lO
which might
degenerate into the infipid: but itis more
of the round mouldings
effential
flill,
Let us prepare
difcord, that
is
to fay
'preceded
moulding.
Then
the
work
will ne-
ver have any thing dry, and altogether will be an enchantment to the
eye.
In
An
In
Ejfay on Architediure.
75
all
member is a field, in
fculptor may exercife him-
icvery particular
which the
felf.
But
the reft
all
we muft
.Sculpture
brodery
in
as
in this,
to
is
When
to habits.
is
light
what em-
buildings
and when
the
emthe
broidery
is
ground
fuflicicntly
thing in
and becomes
noble ornament, becaufe it
a truly
it
appear
but delicacy
lets
it
it
has no-
If
on
is
the
contrarry
the embroidery
it
has no other
One
upon a habit
fays in looking
bcdawbed
Look, there
in
fame prudence.
to fpread
it
fomething
money
Sculpture
is
it
but ne-
handfom.
buildings requires
If we
upon them
fo
the
ceconomy
fliall
have
little
pur-
An
76
purpofe.
EJfay on Architedlure.
be intervals and
we would
it
the
of architedlure.
of an order
ihould
all
members
one
receflcs.
work and
inrich the
difcreetly,
members
There
fl^all
If
inrich
together,
If
we
as
are ignorant
ways run
of confining our-
bounds,
we
fhall al-
>.*ra
+ JK^
m^
Article
An
ArchiteSlure.
EJfay^ on
Article
The
THE
Dork
77
II.
Order.
who
ties
It
delight in
in the
difficult
hath in
that
fignalifing
it
conftraints
and fervitudes
no other appro.iches
therefore rare
their abili-
to.
It
is
them executed
That which makes
to find
with exadnefs.
is
metopas
The
frize.
refults
from
it
firft,
one
An
78
EJfay on Architedlure,
rated.
One cannot
tell
cannot tell
how
to avoid
either of
inconveniencies,
how
One
bending a
bouring metopes,
or to join
two me-
diate triglyph'.
inconveniencies
do not want
order
is
which
edifices in
made
fpeak
We
of.
is
none
of them, wherein
we do
triglyphs folded,
or half triglyphs or
metopes
or metopes
much
The church
of the
cuitailed,
the
that
we
number of our
edifices,
the leaft
defec-
An
Ejfay en Ar<:hifedfure.
defed:ive;
cafe.
this
church
it
felf
is
7^
in the
much more
like faults
more freedom.
will
It
be
per-
faid
ought
an able ar-
to avoid thefe
ftricftly
dan-
gerous cafes.
licence
building
becaufe
itis,
it is
in
as
it
(hort
whatever
were impoffible,
fome fuch
Tlierefore of
leaft,
like
two
that
let
appear there a
tri\
When
An
So
EJfay on Architedturf.
make
it
will
difficulty in the
arms
undertaking,
with exadnefs
this embarrafling,
this
As
topas.
exad: without
being
will
then be the
rious
the fuccefs
more
glorious.
bafj.
atticurgic bafe.
a different
It is
Its
is
found joined
From whence
make no
two
model reunited bv
labo-
infinitely
it
its
torus'^
a rundel,
becanfe
to. its
its
and
it
foli-
agreement.
fine bafe,
to
render
them
of
difficulty to
Doric order
the Attic
will
it
One
ufe of
always be permitted
to
An
Ejfay on Archttedlure.
to take into
and
cellent,
to tranfport
provided that
order,
it
we
then
for
is
never touch
The
one.
in
to
its
This
fpirit
even contribute
perfedtion.
The
and the
may
to
I prefcribe,
or-
would be
it
of Architecfture;
ex-
into another
der eflentially
8i
Doric
leaft
fquare
capital
is
elegant of
plinth,
all
the capitals.
an egg fuftained by
and
its
fillet,
member
that
tutes all
iis
neverthelefs
eflentially
is
followed by a united
called a neck, confti-
riches.
This
ther,
is
ciitirely
capital
altering
its
room ano-
and corrupting
The
An Efay
Bz
The
Doric
on Architecture.
entablature
The
hath
Its
beauty of
and metopes.
We cannot
fortement
is
above
when
all,
The
of the triglyphs
brackets
which
is ftill
which
agreement
augmented by the
them
crown
fofit.
and
The
ings
Its harflinefs
fquared,
multiplied,
much
Its
heavi-
is
The
eye
is
fatigued, to fee
thrown
into
An Efay
on Arcbitedfure.
which
All thefe
be ingenioufly compenfated
fingular
83
efFccfr
which
by the
for,
from the
refults
This
topes.
ftriking, that
and
tion,
is
abforbs
fomething fo
fo
the atten-
all
of
in favour
effedt has
paft over
is
happy an invention.
in
very plain,
Its architrave is
But
it.
Good
have
pra<5tice will
that thefe
it
pyramid, and
abufe to give
Here
it
is
it
looked upon an
is
them
fpherical
not
tell
why
fpherical drops.
is
and
can-
tablature
form
The
effed:
of
this
en-
place
of
all
frize
the fineft
than the
the
84
^^
the
order.
^If^y ^ ArehlteBun.
td
Golumn,
becaufe thefe
and that
it is
or rather
ftill
Good
will
alfo
the
in
common
the
columns.
In
we
contrad: a
little
article,
but
it
upon
pradlice
this
we
any when w
and
a negled:,
is
laft
In the pro-
angle.
Good pradice
that if the
with
bafs
will
have
it^
relief
avoid
of the eve
is
have
That the
fubjed to the
fame
Ah
feme
ufes as
divided
The
Ejfay on ArchiteSfure.
into
becaufe
frife,
brackets and
it
is
lozenges.
each with
form of
may
the
85
round drops
thirty fix
little
The
cones.
in
lozenges
Here
there
be no
difficulty,
we
if
will
hold to what
but
in the pro-
longer fpace
fides.
Good pradice
will
have
it
on each fide, fo
fpace becomes a
that the
remainino-
perfect fquare,
and
the detail of
(hall find
them
in
the
An Efay
S6
the
on Architelure_.
by Mr.
of Architecture
treaty
my
of the orders,
obferve only
in every
what
defign
being to
taile is
concerned
one of them.
Many
have
architects
felt
Doric
convenience of the
in
its
had
left
cornifh,
to fub-
the Ionic
place
nifh, or to invent
the in-
cor-
in his
Bro-
church of
example of
condemn
which
like
is
fo
do not care
freedom from
reafonable,
rules
but then a
fyftem of Architecture
it.
is
not
Doric order.
which
I fliall
fpeak hereafter.
Articl e
An
E/fay on ArchiteSlure.
Article
Of
THE
altho'
87
III.
and
lighter
peifecflion,
no more
that I
know
It is
it
yet that
is
pleafe
by
their
have nothing
good or
ill,
the
It is
whofe
They
uniformity.
ftriking, neither in
the
of furprifing or enchanting,
more
afTuredly
F 4
The
that
ef-
fential
An
S8
Arc hitenure.
EJfay on
fential
in
confifts
certain
mediocrity
by any too
Let
tion.
is
of
not
fenfible imperfec-
us enter into
the
parti-
the
Ionic
culars.
to
is
that ought to be
bafe
the
only thing
This
retrenched.
wounds
of nature.
That
unformed, and
is
me
vifibly
great
torus
defective.
Here
above.
reverfed,
this
natural
order
folidity
from
dimunition upwards, is on
fuffers
thereby.
having
its
This bafe,
far
near
to
the plinth,
it
en-
larges
An
barges
Ejfay on ArchiteSfure.
itfelf
89
modern
to
architects
prohibit
this
room the
its
we have mentioned
article;
and
of which
in the foregoing
example in
their
this
The
Ionic capital
the part of
is
all
lively character
A bolt,
of it.
two
an egg,
and which
extremities,
at the
itfelf as
is
fur-
plinth
the
a
two
manner
merly
its
volutes
which
infinitely
this
parallel
capital
faces
fortifies
becoming.
from
it
in
For-
An
90
volutes:
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
The two
namented with
balliftcrs,
an intermediate apple,
This
girdle or belt.
reunited
that
diverfity
we
by
call
of fronts
faces
prefent
themfelves
in
firft
fail
from whence
two unavoidable
It muft follow either
of a whole range of
refults
inconveniences.
that the capitals
balliftered,
make a
pitals
in front their
other capitals
praflifed,
from
the
all
fail
The
to
an-
to obviate this
An
EJfay on Architediure.
91
He
how
hath contrived
rallel
and
faces,
make
to
all
four pa-
From
voluted.
The moderns
inconvenience.
this
Jbave
improved upon
ftill
tion of Scamozzi,
who
and
the
that
thicknefs
this
inven-
had preferved
who had
left
conjundion
this
make
to
manner
ing
this thicknefs,
that
itfelf
it
fuch a
below
plinth,
in
making
it
This
the volutes.
this
after
manner has
do not
its
fee
capital
performed ia
all poffible
grace,
and
The
perfedlion.
Ionic entablature
reft.
Its
architrave
is
divided into
leaft and
they finiih by
the
An
92
EJfay on ArcbiteSJure.
the greateft
which
it
work,
carved
The
riched.
greatly
decency
as
crown-
requires,
more or
the order be
that
is
ed with a heel.
cornifh
lefs
en-
charming,
is
it
fo naturally
is flill
by the members
that
nothing fharp.
dentil,
has nothing in
it
of a
It
bolt,
is
it
dangerous,
compofed of a
of an egg, an eve
Here
and of an ogee.
concealed
are
few fquarc
members, by
confequence
nothing
nor dry.
The difcords
are rare,
harfti
they
ted,
ai-e
is
to be
foft
harmony.
remarked that
in
the
two members
that
The
firft
is
An
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
cut as teeth,
whofe
The
fofit is
the fecond
the eve
is
hollow.
Ionic cornifh
is
without com-
moft advantageous.
ornaments, but
a lightnefs, fo
ment
is
It
eafy
felvcs too
of
and of an agreeit
in
architeds do never
choice of
the
many
all
in other refpefts
renders
that
93
fail
ref-
fo that
to
make
it,
Art-
-^^
94
mf^y on ArchiteBure.
Aticle
Of
\ T
IV,
we
are
come
to
what ever
able
to
The
Corinthian
up the
foul out
it
of its
feizes
and
felf.
It is
make
nefs of
its
charafters,
poets
three
own.
Simplicity
the
gentility diftinguifhes
the Ionic
noble graces
the Corinthian
are for
order.
Vitruvius
An
Ejfay on Arcbttcture.
g^
vicious indeed
augmented
v^ith
The
much
is,
that
it
wants a certain
is
it
of
air
folidity fo
The mouldings
the
leaft
break.
they
effort
upon
ready to
are
charming Attic
exempt frorh all
which only
bafe,
defedl>',
is
The
Corinthian capital
piece and
it
is
above
alfo in
above
all
is
is
a mafter-
is
a great
it is
round
refpedt,
fenfibly
It
has a
covered
upon
the
four faces.
The
veiTcl
An Efay
96
on ArchiteBure.
is
From
eafy projedion.
this foliage,
which
go out
ferve to
the breag of
ftalks or
form
little
branches
volutes up-
this
which
veffel
which the
is
ferves
foliage
is
admirable
a field
as
this
upon
artfully difpofed,
the ftalks
and
felves,
feem
the
fhell
which
which
the
lend
to
it
increafes gradually
flexibility
workman, who
work,
>
themwhereof
naturally raife
folds
them
of
into
fupport
in
all this
mony,
grace,
feel.
fortment, a foftnefs,
that
is
natural
that in vain I
and that
There governs
tafte
a har-
a variety,
would expre(s
only can
make one
An
Ejfay on ArchiteSiure.
97
and
to prefer
vailed
the
laurel
and to
is
The
caprice.
affords
all
all
the
This plant
Corinthian capital.
pullies
forth
with
which
the capital
its
tender ftalks,
leaves
of
the world
knows
machus the
fculptor.
of the Corinthian
All
The
capital
firfl
came
idea
to hint
a vefTel, about
branches.
happy
An
98
EJfay on ArchiteBurc.
The
happy
them
in the place
leaves,
To
fubftitute
is
runafier trifling;
of
jt is
vated thought to a
way
to
to facrificean ele-
weak and
childilh
expreflion.
The
Corinthian entablature
hath
ornaments therein are very much multiplied, and the Cornifh is not near fo
much
perfedt.
The
architrave
is
di-
height
vided into three facings of unequal
But every one of thefe
in the Ionic.
as
faces has a
it;
the
fir ft is
crowned with an
aftragal,
is
them.
the moft perfea of any of
Nothing therein
is
harfh,
and every
thing
An
Ejfay on ArchiteSiure.
99
The
frize
may
work;
Ionic
in
this
is
it
The
frife.
cornifh
compofed
is
cut
into teeth,
of an aftragal,
heel,
an ogee.
cornifh
The
with an
with
fquare mouldings
are
harfli.
always
The
moulding.
ence of
tion.
moft
this cornifh
The
as
inconveni-
its
great projec-
is
heavy
as that of the
I confefs
dei^
only
is
al-
Doric or-
is
of brackets and
by
fqirare
boxes that
we
fill
this
is
a true plat-form,
which fupport
it,
whofe brackets
liLtle and al2
ways
hide a
loo
An
EJfay on Archife5lure.
The
perilous Ihoot-
plat-form,
increafes
this
more
ft ill
many
architects
when
fide
their
So
of
Co-
This fuppreffion
is
become
neceflary
but
a fimple heel
its
graces
-,
and
its
the inconveniences
compofition of
all
which meet
in
the
one follows the exacS ruto the end that one may be
tecfture, altho'
les
of
it,
of their talents
for
its
may
ufe-
entire perfeflion.
It
An
Effay on ArchiteBure.
It is
Architedure ought
and
loi
it
have in view
to
to propofc
who
(hould in-
to
make
thefe defefts I
if
it
that
was ren-
it
We are
much
cients
it
our felves
term
would be neceflary
alfo to
ideas that
examined
idlenefs or
to attach
fufficiently,
laft
often
either
through
want of underftanding.
In waiting that
refped
to ar-
my
willies
may be accomplifhed,
in this
I fhall
ought
ob-
to be fo
column.
We
dentil in
the
4n
102
EJJay on Archifedture.
becaufe of the
which
body knows the
reafon of this
from the
of carpentry.
brackets
rules
moft part of
finer in
founding
drawn
The
of rendring
their
As
the Ornaments.
ail
Very
this reftraint.
they think
works
Every
above.
from
in practice
likely
are
we
to
are ac-
they have
in
way.
is
con--
one of
we mud
tiquity,
from thence
this defed:,
which
is
fen-
This example
is
frefh
all
cafes fure
models.
From
ing of
it,
all
it
every
An
Effay on ArchiteSIure.
103
between
is
Befides
Which I do not
fpeak, they have each of them their catheir proportions, of
pital,
and
their
out reckoning
lutely fpeaking
own
entablatures, with-
their bafes,
may be
ought to be very
which abfo-
different.
We
faithful to find
out
thefe differences,
and not
thefe proprieties
to
confound
am
Article
^^ mf^y
104
on AnhiteSiure.
Article
Of
the
V.
Sorts
different
of
Compoftes.
been
ITtohas^always
whom invention
wanting, to
The
fancy.
draw,
in order to enrich,
is
fruits
of their
The Romans
tafte
have taken
and genius.
this
left
us
its
Hberty
which
proportions
many
others
of
yet,
in the
member
to
I re-
An
EJJay on Architedlure.
extremely ridiculous.
to fay that
we
It
fee therein
is
105
fufficient
two
diftinft
make
compofites of genius,
fhould be
it,
in fuch a
fhock good
fenfe,
manner
as
m-
not to
common rules
fo that the agreement may be found
The comtherein joined to foHdity.
posite of Vitruvius may ferve as a model
One will fee thereby
in this kind.
how we may know how to accommo-
one
ter.
\
;
to
which
entire
new
defedls that we
fo that
fliall
we may
avoid them.
The
An EJay
io6
on Archite&ure.
as the Corinthian.
Its
feme
it
manner
It
in the
branches there
the
flourings colledted to
it
is
two rows
as in the Corinthian.
flalks or
Co-
from
diffii^rs
of
capi-
has the
fame
Inftead
are
veiTel,
little
and
Aring,
The
veiTel
is
terminated by a
From
withinfide this
veflel
there
come out
Thefe volutes
are
which bends
of the
every
ornamented
voluted
fall
below
border a flour
upon
work,
it
which covers
it
The
plinth
is
An
107
but yet
and
richer,
is
it
and
nefs
muft be
it
hath a noble-
it
The
agreement.
beauty
of this
capital
pofite
extrem.ely
There
celebrated.
it
Corinthian.
the preference
Thofe of good
a\
oid
this blindnefs.
The
The
its
capital.
architrave
fronts of height
the
firft
crovs^nedi
is
There
are too
little
face of an architrave.
fect,
all
becaufe
hollow.
ed together for fo
low above
little
it
a part as the
The
little
holr
ef-
loS
An
EJfay on ArthiteSlure.
and the
brittle:
The
graceful.
profil
alt
even or carved
frize is
The
as in the Corinthian.
compofed of an
not at
is
cornifh
is
of an heel, of a
aftragal
and egg
fofit
ogee.
then
of which
follows an
is
hollow
This cornifh
the fame
member is
The form
is
fillet
eye,
the
a heel
and
very heavy:
of the mouldings
The
is
ill-
projection
would be then a
in this cornifh, to
rather
we
fhould
gether different.
There
effect.
make
it
perfect
compofe one
am furprifed
alto-
our ar-
in inventing compofites
or
more
in this tafle.
109
had
We
it.
have
which is
very common, and the choice of which
Such are all
inquired into.
is little
compofites, the invention of
Ionic cornifli
reunite the
as
an
and
ar-
diverfe orders,
upon
a frife,
order
moft fingular
knov/ of
upon
The
kind,
this
upon the
is
interior
Upon
holy Catharine.
a Corinthian
column and architrave, is raifed a Doric frife crowned with an Ionic corThis compofite
nifh.
full,
becaufe
it
is
very beauti-
It
has neverthelefs
is
the
trigliphs,
upon the
architrave,
greatly
their
which diminifhes
agreement.
It
could
be
An
lie
EJfay on ArchiteSiure^
aftifts
bination of the
might carry
members which
might
new
and new
give
field
corniflies
to
me
we ought
is
to thofe
already introduced
very
is
it
a vaft
open
It
new mouldings
of which
architraves,
and emulation.
genius
for
fcems
new
capitals,
are
which
are
much
But
confined.
always to remember to a-
mouldings too
harlh,
and
fliould
above
upon which
are too
we
chiefly
depend the
folid
Article
Ah
in
Ejfay on Archttedlure.
Article' 'VL
The manner
of enriching the
various orders of Architec-
ture.
AN
may be
order of Archltedure
enriched
ways
three
either
workmanfhip, or by
both together.
By the
materials,
when we
ufe therein
By
richnefs of the
mar-
the richnefs of
the
labour
to
cellent in fculpture.
that
gold.
what
It
is
is
mod
ex-
very rare
and
we can ufe
The expence thereof is too con-
fiderable.
marble, brafs
It
is
but in princes
houfes,
churches,
one
that
and in our
can have
fuch
mite-
An
112
materials
Effhy on ArchiteSlure.
to
work upon.
The
in
many
Whatever
things to be
various
of marble re-
make
We
tafte.
the price
has
work
becaufe
will
a great
comes
is
it
that
reafon
The
colour.
whether
and
it
this
porphy-
eye
does
not
it is
Upon
the
know
then
is
a perfedion,
very well
in
fine,
for
in
exhaufted.
ric
is
be exaftly
will
if a
colour
it's
is fine,
which
known
and here-
this
principle
rank
we
of the
fliould place
moft beautiful
An
EJfay on ArchiteSiuren
113
lively,
which
veins of
thie
well fhaded,
fhewn,
or
thrown
To make
weought of marble,
which we ought to
are well
into
humorous
the fortments as
fee here the rules
follow as near as
poiiible.
Firft,
white
what
of
(light
neatriefs
of the work.
Secondly,
We
muft
all
and
all
white
ufe
the columns,
is
varioufly
the frizes
pannels of incruftation.
Thirdly,
114
Thirdly,
It is neceflary that
much
as
It
jedl.
the co-
to
red, yellow, or
in the
Fourthly,
altar.
The
work
the light.
The
niflies
fad,
to
make one of
There
we
is
ftill
ought
The
want
to
render- the
It is
fential to
and dimi-
foft colours, if
work
brown co-
then ef-
herein a
to ftudy the
harmony which
agreements
of.
An
Ejfay On Archltediure.
Brafsgilt
IS
expence -of
whatagreesthebeft^butthe
Through
make ufe of wood
very great.
it is
oeconomy we
or lead
115
often
Wood
gilt.
takes
the gild-
marble makes
it
perifh.
Lead
is
but
is
lavilh in
it
We
muft never be
not
gilding.
It
be enough to
The
Architedlure
of
it.
to carve the
is
have already
faid
members
to avoid
There remains
for
me to
The
ought
plain.
contours thereof
to be well terminated,
and very
the
An
ii6
the
Effay on Architediur^.
work
will be properly
much
with
tf
be done
defign of it
will
it
The
grace.
done;
humour
that has
All
This fingula-
capricioufly disfigured.
rity has
immediately in a nation
and
as
light as our
as inconftant,
own.
upon the
to comfort ourfelves
are returned
from
dangerous epidemicy
clufion.
is
about
foolifh
Happy
we
had
it
we were
is
If
it,
and
upon
its
it
this
con-
we
In pieces of fculpture
ways
its
maflys
The
failles
is
:
al-
we
relief.
may
thing there
ferve as a model.
is
plainly
defigned,
Every
properly
An
EJfay on ArchtteBure.
it
comes
117
relief,
third
Architedlure.
The
to
reunite in this.
Ar-
An Ejay
Ii8
on Architeclure.
Article
Of Buildings
VII.
wherein no Order
of ArchiteEiure
is
employed.
^
^HE
JL
edifices,
forts
of
all
at,
is
not in a con-
and
For the
to public buildings.
we mull
more
reft
plain
and
lefs
coftly.
We. may
fine
Our
and columns.
tures
that
it is
for the
in thefe fort
and
architedls
I
dare fay,
of buildings that
beft.
As
An
BJfay on ArchiteSlure.
compofition of them
As the
lefs critical,
it is
is
more
alfo
look
The more
not
It is
architedt ought to
and
freer
fuited to a
119
the
more
eafy
it is
may execute
gant
What
thoughts,
is
all
manner of ele-
noble
and fublime.
therein
more
of
ability
may
vary
So that a
man
precious they
it
in his
power
to
do
himfelf honor.
The
am
The
portions,
exad:nefs of the
pro-
difpofition of the
ornaments.
How-
An
I20
E/fay on ArchiteSiure.
fo.
Of
all
the
The
eye of the
and too
meets with
only degree^
this
lovi^,
of the
artifts confifts
in
The^
he
It
ability
ftudylng this
till
that
it
with
to
anfwer with
The
dimenfions of the
ftorie?,
t&4)fe
and
the ornaments which accompany
them, ought
to
be regulated by the
and
to
there
may
thatpleafes.
refult
from
Upon
it
conned ion
the whole
we have
The
only point
we
beyond
An
I2i
Ejfay on ArchitcBure.
xiently
the proportions,
There
known.
not
is
fuffi-
nothing but
is
which
tice,
They advance
according as
or that
It
eyes
which might
in
delicate;
is
more
or
leis intal-
in
made
time
critical
in this regard,
iix
the incerti-
and the
mits,
Icfs
obfervations were
tude,
or
ment of their
hble.
more
is
li-
be-
much
How many
How many
flories,
much
doors,
the elevation
neg-
crufhed
windows,
fame build-
of which offends
by defcds.
This
part
An
122
Effay on ArchiteSiure\
in
amongft the
effen-
exad
is
had
proportions,
its
was
lity,
plainnefs,
it*
it
On
fadlory effcd:.
it is
fuch
ment
and we
view; that
it
is
{hall
faid at iirft
too high, or
that
is
too low,
This
if
we
and to ad
may
in
bellished,
and even
avail ourfelves
fingular.
em-
One may
alTif-
tance
An
EJfay on ArchlteSliire.
tance of
all
123
We may
poligon.
mix with
the right
means of which
it is
every one of
regular.
ings
is
The
common
too
ufual
is
nothing engaging in
ly love
and
novelty
neceffary
that
all
We
it.
natural-
variety.
It
is
We
given us.
do not efteem
much
them wherewith
to excite
this
tafte.
light
may
we
and
If the infpecftion
greateft parts
fo
as
find in
fatisfy
of the
an imprefiion upon
attribute
their
it
to the
great
us,
we
mono-
in their plans.
He
124
^^^
^^ ArchiteSfure/
mf^y
all.
there
no more nor
is
lefs
extent.
The
tions
is
buildings
and iingularity
it
in the
form
tention.
we
look upon
So that
fix
the at-
near,
it
we
merit of
from
its
its
plan.
may draw
elegancy,
which
The form
of an
another charadler of
from the
lines
diff^erent elevations
to
Luxemburg and
this laft
palace
of
The
of the
firft.
The
great
one
An
EJJay on ArchiteSlurt.
on the
but
embellilhed,
of the
little
more
without
tafte
Here
ma-
is
is
it
fiJe
125
are
the
ftraight that
The
of which
laft
it
is
in (hort fo
is
altogether (hocking.
truly ele-
is
were reunited
line.
in the
If
firft:
deface
In
all
the
fhort
choice and
reft.
have
treated
difpolition
In plain decorations,
it
of the
of ornaments.
fufficcs to
fhew
from top
ries
very
to bottom,
in
the fore
parts
An Efay
126
parts, to
crown
on ArchiteSture,
all
the building by a
which may be
little
figned.
is
not too
to appear,
inconvenient to take a
infide
work
the
pannel
in bas relief.
the forms
carved
work
to
that
would do much
better than
their arches,
by
which
becaufe
nature.
The
it
refernbles nothing in
befl
would be never
to
only
An
I only give
views to our
herein
Architects. It belongs to
low
to
"127
Ejfay on Archttedture\
them
that fol-
of
all
kinds, of
all
degrees of beauty,
They
fhould
conclude
what
is
is
to re-
the moft
mag-
of Architecflure,
See then
many
them
is
moft
elegant.
If they
from them,
to embelli(h
it
know how
will
be eafy
thing.
Chap-
(^ O
128
fsf^
Chapt er
III.
art
of building.
"V\7"E
{hould build
for conveniency
This
with
folldity,
and decency.
rate articles.
Article
Article
Vpon
I.
SOLIDITY
is
that an edifice
is
129
the
firft
quality
ought to have.
incommodious
It
it,
(ecuring
The
fible.
to the
their buildings
triumphs
We
other
their
that
over
ftrength
common
have buildings of
hundred
years,
marks of
which
fix
v^hich
accidents.
or
fliews
feverl
us
their antiquity
are even
as pof-
lateft
abilities,
time
for as long a
it,
fome more
colour.
no
thari
There
do yet
fubfift
to
i^o
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
jtin
to
who
be born
many
fhall
Our
ar-
works can
if their
They
of three centuries.
are accufed
them
laiting,
of them.
often fees
new
Is this
of induftry
Neceffarily
is
it
the
in
be very
be
lignificant that
legiilations
might enter
,
i^
into
this
It
would
there fhould
kind,
which
to hinder if poffible,
fliould
Architedl?
that the
public
af-anfkilfdl or knavirti
T^-.'"-:o^^n'.
workmen.
The
An
^Tlie foiidity
of
ai^
'ediiice
131
depends
on two things: the choice of materials, afid the good ufe made of them.
Wood,
Iron,
Slate, are
the con-
Lead,
ftriKftion
of ail
edifice.
Nothing is indif-
the duty of an
architedtoknow in
Comrtionly
ftudy
not very
is
know
In
difficult.
very nearly
beft ftone,
It is in
the
him,
that
fo as to
is
which
make
bad, and
is
who employ
good
excellent that
but ordinary.
In vain to
the things.
could quote
i z
upon
many
ex-
amples
132
we
amples where
who
little
more than
the others.
more noble
a
man
more
profit
at heart
wifh an archited
fentiments.
would have
who
his art,
prefers to
all
other re-
ceeding.
man
have no craf-
nor
falfity.
Not
and
the
fufficient,
do
beft
lefs
willing to
in the
whether
quantity or quality.
in
He
refped:
will
to
with
flight
much
greater one.
He
An
EJfay on ArchiteSfure.
133
He will not
he has the
liberty to
fuch materials
employ therein
as are fuitable
both in
quality
do
will rather
well.
No
lefs
from
this
are
much
all
perverted.
as
manners
Every thing
bafenefs.
is
make dupes
buildings
there
is
of
therein a croud of
particulars,
of much
the conftrudion
in
villany.
They
invent furni-
which
are got
on purpofe,
all
of the
ftate.
longs to avaricious
artifts,
who make
trade
134
-^^
trade
and
human
^f^y
ArchittBure.
<5^
merchandife of deceiving
The
kind.
little
that
is
haufting a kingdom.
w^ould
be
comprehends a ccnfure
and only
v/ith
who
art are
it.
fame
fall
it
Otherbut upon
true architeds.
quality.
chited:
them our
The
this
thofe people,
fers in
thought
pardoned
of
left to their
have given
thereinto without prejudice,
f^lf
ters
them;
my
fuit
falfe
covetuofnefs,
digreflion
kind of
all
of gaia
defire
The
all
of the
fludy of an ar
ought
to
knowing all
and to make fuch
a ufe of them,
as
he
An Efay
on ArchiteSiun.^
may make
he
them; and
from
to be fecure
The fame
This
is
the
all
materials
good
work.
judgement of
a fure
cheats of trade.
135.
of
an objet of difcern-
By
that
he
dan-
will avoid
its
tl^e
of putting
all to
advantage.
is
good
which no-
miift be ufed,
in others in (hort
wherein
always to be rejeded.
happen
eoftfefs
to
make
is
and
to be
no-
only
When wc
we
and we
ufe of
the injury,
do
The bad
In
it,
late for
prefently
reproach
it.
way of ufing them which yet contributes ftill infinitely more to the foli-
is
dity
136'
dity of the
muft
which
work.
deftinguifli
In
between
wc
buildings
part
that
loads
folidity,
all
all
the neceflary
and
if
there
is
juil
proportion.
ched wall.
It
burden and
its
perior parts
and the
at
is
once
felf,
it
its
inferior bear
up the
many
inferior,
fuperior.
edifice.
It is
walls
which
The
a compofition of
the fupport of
it.
The
exadly the
fl:rength
archited
who
fhould afcertain
There
An
Effay on ArchiteSin7^e.
There
137
is
in prefling
Such
top to bottom.
are
from
the maffy
To
foundations.
it,
it
fuffices to
breadth of
There
it.
weight of which
adl in
that
is
left,
to fay in
weight of them,
an oblique
To eftimate the
we muft meafure
more
line,
ftrong
is
it is
the
fur-
the fwelling.
an oblique
line.
little
fwelling in
carefully eftimated.
The
folidity
know how
the ftrength
Whoever
then,
fliall
which
it
An
138
0 as
it
EJfay on ArchiteSiure.
is
in a condi-
There
which render
which it
the connexion and
foundation upon
thicknefs,
of
tions
The
parts.
its
is
thelefs
beft
of
The
bears
its
right line
all
founda-
we may
be miftaken herein
ground
furfaces
it
in digging the
fail
When
of a great wall.
are
therefore
we
iice,
it
is
of the
laft
confequence, to
cavity in
its
felf,
to affure
one's felf
if
which covers
the thicknefs
it,
is
if its
is
cap
of a ftrength to
bear
An
E{[ay on ArchileBure.
In defefl of
we
the rock
to the
firft
ground.
If
a kind
when
we
employ
of foundation,
which
well made,
it's
we meet with
fliould
139
is
and the moft durable. It is Icfs eflential to build on good foundations ; the
principle
is
it
would be
ufelefs to
Never-
that
(o trifling,
which
are com-'
call
again to
mind and
to
incul-
Rom^
to fecure of a foundation.
confide-
placed
into
the
inlide.
They had
a proof
of
74^
-^^
of
when
it,
mi^y
^^ Architediure.
They
church.
raifed
the
one of them;
as yet
much
ad-
perceived a dan-
had occafioned
nary weight
lefTer
the
in
walls.
be of an approoved
ftrength,
this
to
they
failure
fpeak of
endeavoured to remady
this
They
by mak-
remedy
of the mif-
Let
this
quality
of the
The
The
An
Ejfay en Archite6lnre.
The
and
3 ft,
prepared
well
ought
be placed
to
Let the
lays
and a perfed:
Let
141
the
materials
in fuch a
be
in
manner.
an exaft level
perpendicular.
2dly,
fame
fitua-
tion they
of the fuperior
may be no
4thiy,
lay.
void
in
That
there,
the thicknefs of
the wall.
The
idlenefs of
troduced in
of building
all
that
is
in the ground.
fill
thrown
mortar.
practice.
This
carelelly
is
with heaps of
Befides that
it's
impoflible
An
14^
E/Jay on ArchiteSlur^i
up
a filling
much by
fo
thrown
rubbifti
confiifedly
and without
of irregular
upon
and they
forts
all
the
<ihanee;
their corners,
broken by
inequalities.
It is
arifcs fettlemerift'
is
fhould
much
cxaftnefs
which
is
to
a miftake that
remain hid
not
require
of labour,
as
in
as
that^
If one
good foundation, we
fhould ufe therein good hewn ftone,
would make
at
leaft
uncut ftone of
great
level,
et line.
is
made
by
We
of mortar.
rule,
(hould
For
as
little
profuiion
re-
gular figure.
the
fpaces
between thenij
and to
fifl"
An
very
to
tervals
wall to be good,
fo,
when
of Mr, Per-
manner.
we have
If
bed
buildwig in the
rules for
We
rault
143
not
It is
efFed:s,
ill
ought
Effay mi Architedlure.
occafion for
be
folid,
fonable thickiiefs.
fo
'
This thioknefs
in the treaties
will
them.
of Architecture,
difpenfe with
fliall
fpeaking of
only examine
Thefe
every ftory.
much
in
ufe;
it
them.
it is
make
the
necef-
rccefl'es to
feems to
If the wail
if
is
commonly
that one
referved to rules
finds
to
is
is
no
me
not-
necefiity
is
line
144-
-^^
line
altho'
mf^y
it
on ArchiteSiuff.
be from top to
fliould
a great wall.
edifices
and
it
it,
of
have very
in the ancient
to exorbitant heights.
with
is
this precifion
we
In truth
workmen know
aftoniflied
it
ei^couraging hopes of
our
would
I confefs
folid.
of the perpendicular
it
how
only
and
as
But
to be
they have
much
it is
as
pro-
methods.
in
the
It
prefent
on each
manner
fide
the middle.
There ought
to
be
limits in
the
It is effential
to
An
Y45
EJfay on Architedlnre.
or
The two
and mafly.
equally vicious.
to chufe,
would
extremes are
Neverthelefs
if it
was
be preferable to thofe
enormous
found in our
mo-
The
cacy.
Altho' our
Thefe two
artifts
qualities are
incompatible.
fay of this>
nothing lefsthan
ings of Architecture,
it
it :
than ours,
lefs folidity
Thefe buildings
is
a guarantee of
Architedure
would
fpirit
of
that they
might
An
146
EJfay en ArchiuBure.
of
contradids
St,
altho'
it felf,
The
loofe.
of
furprifing artifice
it is
extremely
Dennis
in this particular
The
leaft
walls of a
were
of
made
to fubftitute
work
which was delicacy it felf. This new
building on the fide of the old church,
makes a contraft which will prove a
great
citadel,
fliill
is ftill
i^efs
workmen of the
have not come up
The church
twelfth.
to a
of St Sulpice
of our labour
Were
fecrated.
is
grof-*
unfortunately con-*
our
artilts will
blic will
pretend
fo,
all
the pu^
Goly bring
them
confute them.
to the
I will
holy chapel to
'
An
Ejjay on ArchiteBure.
147
of the
aid
leVcl
and
their
What
folid.
be to do
inconvenience w^ould
as
infinitely better
tive part,
to the
it
we know
we in the conftru6tion. If We
would make ourfelves perfedl, do not
let us confult them, when it fliaUcoriie
than
into
and
let
them
Arches th^t
new
bear them.
no
better
in
left,
we
could find
to fupport
them, than
Hitherto
means
which
manner
We make
for
churches
by
their
fubjecfl
burden and by
their
height
An
148
height
Effay on ArchiteBun.
to a great fwelling.
Thefc
my idea
them from
we
What
the fight.
have to
or
arches
is,
that
we
jfhould
them
much
as
as
poffible.
For
this
The
The
firft
is
fecond
thicknefs.
is
facilitate
Thofe
the fup-
it is
them to execute
manner
fucha
furbafed,
eafy for
arches in
thefc
that
pearance
An
EJfay on ArchiteSture.
The
pearance of an arch.
Premontre
It is
of
ftairs
pieces,
the
fright-
owing entirely
know-
boldnefs of
ful.
on of thefe
is
149
to the
knowledge.
precious a
It
perfect:
works
of father
Durand the
To
art.
underftanding of
have a
the
is
the
it,
Jefuit will
be a great help.
The
arches light
nefs.
Let
is
us-
we
give
What
them more ?
occafion
It
is
there to
appears to
me on
they
make
We
have of
left
This
new
f JO
new
(hews that
it
is
not neceflary
make
It is neceflary
to obferve
we would have
lafting,
it
occafions
The
that in
we ought
weaken the
fometimes
ftartings.
is
We
little
fhaken.
is
of
conit,
it
It
fomething ex-
edifice
made,
is
Thefe
all
faults
the
are
The
che-
valier
man
him
An
EJfay on Arcbit^giurt.
him with
iji
at
has
too much.
and they
difficulty in
ruin of
it
is
it.
dome has
it.
will
fplit in
many
When
a building
finiflVd,
is
We
knew
who
his bufi-
nefs, that
what was
the burden.
much
It is
better to de-
put one's
We
felf in
danger of deftroying
knowing
little
;
all.
in
many
therein
fome
An
152
fome
EJfay on ArchiteBure>
enough
are unfaithful
to give falfc
from
fuffering
that they
thereby any
damage,,
To
prevent
all
undertakers,
in
we may
it.
all
any
that
thofe from
fatisfaftion to
whom
there
be expected.
faith
is
not
law
to repair at
damage happening
to the buildings, other wife than by
ftrange accidents in their art 3 a law
that would oblige them by the confiftheir expenfe all the
of
their perfons
cefTary
efFedlual
of lawa.
Articl e
Jn mp^y
^^ ArchiteSiure,
Article
Upon
II.
commodioufnefs of
Buildings.
the
BUILDINGS
made
are
much
but in as
as they
conveniency of a dwelling,
fituation,
If
is
it
is
free or
free,
air.
it
is
we muft
and agree-
air
Health always
able profpeft.
from a bad
arc
convenient.
diftribution,
for ha-
bitation,
bitable
153?
fufFers
melancholy pro-
when we
chufe to
are
fix
that unites
fo
much
ourfelves in
a fituation
to the falubrity
too moift.
mafter as to
Too
is
of the
That
air
air
is
great
drinefs hurts
the
^ mfay
>54
on ArchUeSiuve.
the
Up-
fear
we
breathe an air
water
one
we
are
in plains
is
we
breathe a fat
is
air,
but
In winter
In
ene
of incon-
venience.
it
always
to
and
there
is
moft part
for the
wanting;
is
obliged
is
fummer
|)eftered
with infeds.
vated enough to
Such
command
fituations
place ele-
the plain
no marches or
ftanding waters, and which fhould be
ar^e
fome
jby
mountain
river,
'
its
neighbouring
which
fliall
foreft,
or
be near a fine
fears
from
provide
'Effay en
'^An
ArcUteBure.
1^5
If
ful.
perfpeftive a
fertile
in
which
terminated by
of a middling elevation,
we
it
little hills
fhould en-
would be proper
gination.
kings,
ble,
It
is
whom
to
to enliven the
aftonifhing
that our
nothing
impofli^
is
infpires
dwell in
the
the
air
it ;
melancholy
it.
of
it
waters
its
fituatioa
to all thofe
tell
who
even
healthful, becaufe
that
furround
aflonifhment increafes
Germans,
by
can not
I
is
in nature*
ployed to embellifh
it
ima-
it.
when one
if
of
Our
fees
to
tQ
An
156
to have
EJfay on ArthiteSlure.
made one of
chanting abodes.
In
cities
am
fpeaking
the placing
We are
of.
confined in
it,
the choice of
ftreet.
we
All that
the
quarter and
the
we muft
In this confinement
is
and the
becaufe
the approach
is
it is
pend upon
to which it
a
is
crowd of circumftances,
neceflary to give a par-
ticular attention.
ter,
We
life.
in,
We
We
and going
out
An
out
Ejfay on ArchiteSlure.
free.
vantage to us,
we
I
157
if
do not
mind
call to
thefe things
all
who have
them. The
herein,
multitude
is
The ground
concerns us to preferve
both
the edifice.
ourfelves
and too
much
heat.
Generally fpeak-
convenient pofitions.
are burnt
by the
In
in-
fummer we
which includes
fun,
two
The
little
north
moift.
The
fouth
tion.
diminifhes
the
appears
cold
the
-,
in
beft
pofi-
fummer
it
But
in
commonly one
fide
is
of the horizon,
from
An Efay
158
ArchiteBuye.
greateft
rains.
winds
we
If
ment towards
incommodious
fo
a part
of the heavens;
oppofite
many
relative
climate,
circumftances
to
the
to be ignorant.
nothing contributes fo
much
conveniency of a building,
to
the
as the dif-
The
interior diftribution
has for
its
entrance,
building
is
is
al-
not
eafe.
It is
its
de-
when
A garden in a city
is
a great
An
Effay on ArchiteBure.
and a
yet
more
grateful,
for
we need
59
only to give
verdure;
little
a walk that
it
and what
having
is
home
at
not go to feek, or
we
we may
flbould take
in obferving as
much
on
that
view upon
it.
To
diftribution
care.
and
that
it
fo that
the middle cf
anfwer
An
i6o
E/fay on ArchiteSlure.
anfwer diredly to
pends the great
going out.
it
on the
fide
We
muft
order
fo
at leaft to receive
of the
leiTer
of entering and
facility
3dly,
more court
naftinefs
it,
the
and
necefTary that
it is
parti-
its
4thly,
of
the falubrity
That the
floor
infinitely
the
air.
of the principal
from
all
There has
moifture.
what
ments.
Manv
grand apart-
it
in the
it is
taking
to
They
are then
f#r
An
EJfay on ArchiteSture.
i6i
refults
that
is,
court
from
it,
which way he
As foon as
the houfe.
obliged to afk
is
muft go
into
From
angle.
not well
acquainted
naturally
is
finds
which fide
is.
It will
be
inconvenience
faid
no doubt that
is trifling
in
this
comparifon
which
is
I con-
cannot
be
manner.
An
i62
manner.
one,
EJfay on Architecture.
either
chufe
or
made
I fay further,
in the angle
have a niggardly
tafte
air
thefe
of the court
which
gives dif-
we are ftraitly
we have been obliged
for a veftibule,
the apart-
ment.
mon
out-let of all
effential
whence
place
it
the entrance
we
the apartments,
the
center
When
fee at the
it&
from
equally diftributes to
extremities.
4are.
is
com-
all
the
little
bottom a very
of lodgings
little
One
is
body
advances
the entrance
when we come
there,
one
An
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
163
which
defcend, and
cates
We
no-where.
we
before us,
befides
communi-
ftair-
cafe to
to have a guide,
one
we muft
The
get in.
bution touches
ftill
interior diftri-
upon the
nearer
at-
In fup-
manner
that nothing
it
on the
much
immediately as you
it
it
fide
it
is
its
beft rule
is
to
throw
as pofTible
naturally
may obftrud
it
The
any thing.
ftair cafe
on the
left fide,
the
left foot
*"
La
for
that fteps
up
An
164
Dp
Effay on ArchiteSlure.
It is
firft.
very extraordinary if a
many
it
that of
Luxemberg which
manner.
in this
which
fc<3s
inconveniencies j
of light,
entrance,
height,
Befidcs
its
takes
it
it
witnefs
placed
is
other de-
and want
tion
its
which
ftrvcs
as a
communica-
Then
may employ
the center-
little
flights,
elfe,
it
one of each,
ftair-cafe
cent and
perfectly
Such
An Efay
on Archiudlure.
of a king.
palace
In other houfes
is
it
of a fingle
caufe then
does
it
only
flight
is
Firft,
render
That the
2dly,
and very
nor
it,
To
right line,
large
not allowed,
nothing obftruds
this ftair-cafe
fary.
is
fjfficient,
cing
165
fteps
3dly,
little raifed,
be
That
by intervals.
That it be pcrfedly well lighred.
Curved flights have always one inconthere be landing places
4thly,
venience, that
wide
at
one
that the
is
end and
fteps
arc
at
the
ftrait
and are
in dcfcending:
for
High
fteps tire
dangerous
example thofe of
really
Straight
Sulpicius,
prieft's
which
head giddy.
long
i66
jin EJfdy
x^n
ArchiteBure.
this courfe
becaufe
fteps
draw
it
after
is
that
it
is
only in
moft
them
great dangers.
tires
ftair-cafe is a part
requires the
and without
The
in afcending.
of
mentioned,
row of lodgings fo
the double row of
:
at
leaft
an
antichamber,
office.
do
which wc
cannot
An
EJfay
ArchiteBure.
167
The
conveniency.
room ought
to
be near the
The two
kitchin.
ef-
dining-
and
office
particulars
laft
The
ments.
places under
ground are
cleaned to delign
them
any thing
for
elfe
piles
or
coals.
bed chamber.
And
The
bad
all
method of them
to avoid
chamber, a
do not fpeak of
braries
and
all
nificence only.
to
great
fhoujd be
and wadrobe.
halls, galleries,
li-
clofet
mag-
They
They
noblemens houfes.
feparate
from
make
L 4
thc"^
in,
apart-
and
it
is
the difpofition of
them.
i68
An
them.
ous
are
EJfay on Architeclun.
very
much
contract
there
bring
the
furniture.
Secondly,
may
That
open even
to the
work, becaufe then they light infinitely better, and being feated the view
of the gardens
free.
is
That they
wall,
exadftnefs
and
and that
all
eafe.
imaginable precaution be
\%
Thirdly,
better fliut in
and warmer.
On
bed-
An
bed-chamber
ful,
when
is
more
there
eafy
169
and grace-
an alcove which
is
feparates the
The
ArchiteSfare.
EJfay on
on both
fides
paflage of communication
door and
To
nobody above
obliged
there
lodged,
rnodioufly
to
precious in
be very com-
Ground
afcend.
to reduce
cities,
for kings
lodged
fo
much
we
nor {hould
us,
fhould be
It
be
is
too
all
;hc
only
is
and princes to be
without
large,
at
by
body over
heads.
their
very
much
this
conveniency
houfes.
in the
Is
it
They
wrong not
to
all
reafonable
arc
to give
the
that
royal
the
be a
build
body ?
firfl
And
in his houfe
him a
Why
then to
An
I/O
EJfay on Architedlurt.
For
ries ?
fame.
articulars
it
Their limited
is.
not
the
appointments
the
In this
other.
neverthelefs there
be had
that
is
is
to
attenadl in
chamber be not
repof
body's
In the difpofition of
a building
tentis^e to
put
all
greateft advantage;
any
How
ufclcfs.
of combination
fpirit
great
part
and not
to leave
it
will
draw a
and
we
leaft
(hall
conveniencies.
our
artifts;
fee
under
its
Let us do
difpofition
is
hand, the
new
juftice
to
a part that
"^^^^ ikilled in
mul-
An
and
of
of
tafte
tafte is
created die
it
would
became
loo general,
have
greateffc lords tp
apartments a labyrinth of
for their
cellers.
fuited to
This
It
neverthelefs be dangerous if
little
Their
apartments.
fmall
fpa-
con-
to
kinds.
all
kind hath
of this
little
lodgement
in every
trive conveniencies
/kill
iji
Efjhy on ArchiteSlure.
little
fortunes
but
great
as extraordinary
fliortj
paffages or
tribute very
this
In
communications con-
much
of lodgings.
upon
works of fmcy.
to the
I fliall
article,
convenience
not enlarge
which
is
much
not one
leaft.
We underftand
by paffages
all
pieces
that ferve
give
to
fecret
Thefc difengagements
arc
An
172
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
that
common
places
one
all
and
the helps
fclves
to
body
fining any
elfe.
it
is
unnecef-
of particulars
fay
that
thefe
it
is
f^fficient to
communications arc
negled:
in
the
difpofition
of
an
apartment.
ARTlCiE
Article
What
loi
III.
Jerved
in buildings.
DECENCY
that an
requires
magnificence than
its
deftination,
have more or
is
that
agreeable to
fay the
to
is
arbritrary;
ways be
lity
that
relative to the
it
fhould
it,
To
in view.
certain
fices
let
from
we have
un-
in the
houfes
pitals,
and con-
particular houfes*
I place
fices,
al-
Courts
and
Town-
of judicature,
common
hales.
hof-
Chur-
^^ mi^y
74
it is
on ArchiteSiure.'
right to give
which anfwcrs
One
ir.
them
a majeftic air,
to fo great an object.
is
One may
that
is
all forts
There
them
profane,
fhould be nothing
nothing
in
immodeft.
nor
ridiculous,
ment the
frife
little
enough
that have
to orna-
of a church with
all
the
facri-
imagination and
ci^price.
all
It is
of-
the rules of
decency.
in a
culine, grave
what
contributes
to
nothing but
nouriih, and to
in-
An
inflame
all
Uffay on ArchiteSfure.
Nudides above
ardour.
its
in painting
17^
It is
aftonifliing to fee
upon
altars,
The
fcandalous.
Lady
choir of our
perchance the
is
All
of.
I find
to
fpeak
is
in
religious,
which
this
grand decoration.
that
is
in
and
obje<9r
foftnefs.
fince
columns.
nothing of fuperfluity.
I
go
to the
admiration
of
dome of
that
Architedlure
this
caufes,
(hould be
When-ever
grand piece of
w^hich
is
not
other-
An
iy(y
EJfay on Architecturf.
me
me.
utility gives
behind
new
perceived a
perfed: in-
a convenient
Afterwards
its
immediately find
the
great altar I
church, prodigioufly
which
gilding,
building.
this
great
panies
for
it
it.
is
of
itfelf
inquire for
dome and
all
a compleat
what
that
ufe
is
accom-
do not
fee
who
fomething
fine
was
wiUing
do
to
he would do.
know
but one
burying
ufelefs
of our Kings.
way
is
to
church
to the
This
defti-
nation
real
the form of
it.
warriors
who
have
made
An Efay
made
on Architedlure.
177
common
of their grandeur
guft than the
and
there
the
in
more au-
infinitely
little
of
St.
fliould
be
Dennis*
The
palaces of princes
adorned
without,
within.
There fhould be
In
extent.
halls, galleries,
ments.
It
to the exte-
terior large
fiderable
furnifhed
richly
the
interior,
would be a
trifling
thing to
all
nations
make
for io
long a time
We
may hope
will
remove
fhut
all
the buildings
which
in*
deed
An Efay
178
deed forbids
on ArchifeSiure.
the
approaches
to
It.
this
palace
or rather there
muft fqueezc
is
none to
is
crofs a
and then
flreets,
We
it.
croud of litde
arrive
at laft
fimple
they had
done mira-
the
joins
From
Tuilleries
thence
it
fide
to the
which
Louvre.
one
with
They thought
little
is
wickets to go
to the other.
failes
little
all
at
The
Chateau of Vcr-
large courts.
ration
of the building,
which
leads
with
a houfe
wherein
King of
France makes
his
Not only
this
ordinary refidence.
in
Efdy dn
jin
in
that
it
but
is
it
they
the marble
mean
179
is
What
extremely deficient.
call
thing
:ArchtteBure.
in
court
is
fome-
What
dl refpeds.
is
tliat
ed upon the
wings,
thofe
all this
colledion
This iourt
is
palace of this
xiv.
who
deur,
fobfift,
^hich
it
is
much
We
agree
of a bad-tafte.
too Utile for a
confequence.
Louis
unufefiil
fufFered
it
to
To
give
to
of the
be
by
pavilions
of a different height,
different
ftrufture
and
either eliptick or
mixt-
An
i8o
EJfay on Architedlure.
mixt-lines,
we
would give
furprifing
to the court a fr
gaity.
many more
things
eedom and
There (hould be
which never will
may have,
may be at,
be very
by a fimple
Whatever
be.
it
will
defign they
difficult
patch-work, to produce
the
beauti-
of the
caftle
after
cafe to
is
The
in-
of Verfailes.
be
greatly
not
aftoniflied,
to find
pieces
which
lead
and which
'Louv4^e, this
antichamber.
into the
Is
is
lighted
at
the
by a
From
chamber and
ciofet.
Here
the
An
Ejfay on ArchiteBure.
the range
is
interrupted,
had a
all,
return of
the
When we
great Idea
i8,i
have
fays
where
is
of the apartment of
We
that
famous gallery
yourfelf in
the
gallery
make you
another ftair-cafe, as
as the former.
You
without
there.
If
redefcend, to
conduit you to
little
thought of
From
many
and you come at
grandeurs,
various
laft
is
Moft
to
the true
cer-
ma uy
An
i82
many
lew
EJfay on ArchitcBure.
great beauties,
which
edifices
many
defeats.
filled
by
except
that
abound
of
palace
find fo
How
of the
lovers
of
them.
one
this
will
curiofity
mafter--
with which
kinds
is filled,
the
cite
all
kinds
all
The
therein.
ex-
vaft
its
tent,
pieces
are
with fo
not worthy of a
It is
great prince,
but there
are
many
fhamefull
the admiration
prodigies to admire.
is it
is
to conoiffeijrs that
not
entire,
and that
them the
prefenting to
greateft beauties
in
greateft
ly that imperfeftion
is
things.
with
the town-houfes, to
the
tribunals
of
fquares
and
to other
fort.
juftice,
to
I will
"
An
E/fay on Architecture.
of the town-houfc
of Paris ; the
refolution that
new
to build a
183
taken
is
[one,
there
the
is
which anfwers
interior,
high
we
idea, that
place in
fquares
all
all
to
fhould have of a
Our
regards fo refpeftable.
want a
of
certain air
tlie
fuit
graii^
Thd
them.
fpacious of any
moft
would be
fine,
which is in the
and which has refemblance
Iron
that
middle
if
grate
if
they
much
Monk's
lefs
cloifter.
If they demolifhed.
two
threw
principal
entries
in great ftreets at
and
if
they
^n
184
Ejjay on ArchiteSiure.
then
it
The
of as a garden.
although the
tories,
fquare of vic-
leaft,
titude of great
The
of that mul-
monly admired
never-
is
the
for
is
it.
comfym-
exad:
it.
If regard
the
many
firft
was had
have
laid
to
down
blemifliies
to
rounds
this
fquare.
detached court
ends
fo ihut in
in
diredly,
on every
itfelf is
only
wherein no
and
which
part, that if
one
is
is
is
no way of get^
ting
An
Ejfay on Architecture.
ting out.
185
rent quarters
dif-
The
way.
crofs high
thereto
true decoration
porticos,
and
of
buildings
if
we
various
There muft
be fymmetry in them, but there muft
alfo be a certain difordcr which varies
and augments the view. Squares may
coration will be perfedt.
be ornamented
ftaiues.
We
fountain.
It
determined amongft
rank of the
We
may
which has
will
we
we
wonders of
boaft in
this capital.
efitcfl
the chifel
of a fquare
tour
An
i86
EJay
on ArchiteSlure.
tour with
windows
pHafters
the idea
is
in the fpaces
of the
of a fountain.
Will
marble. I
altar,
and
by
to learn
that
it is
am
very
much
aftoniflicd
down
a fountain.
commend
decoration of an
If
we now
poflefs in
facft,
wc owe
to this
ne'f/
a fu-
other na-
Phidias.
With
a genius
have performed a
of which
tion of
which
admire.
He
fliould
liberty to chufe, to
to his tafte,
imagine according
voidably into a
filfe idea.
The Italians
in
An
Efjay on ArchiteSlure.
We
tely.
above us
it
muft go
to
Rome
187
infini-
to learn
They
are
different
all
true
Is
Behold a model
moft
nament,
the
fquares.
Nothing
which we have
to
never approached.
of Navona
is
common
more
of our
reafonable
quired to raife a
immortalize the
but
it
muft have
a fquare.
We have
it
we
feen in
our days hot heads that boldly propofed to throw down eight or nine hun-
XV.
The
king
An
88
Effay
072
ArchiteSfure.
common
to
him, oppofcd
fo cruel
he loved
lefs
well pla-
The
to be diflodged.
been changed
is
not vaniflied.
They
think always
with
now
fields.
come
will
but
it
to compleat
It
is
do not
expence they
what is very
fine,
it is
fields,
and
throw
then
does a ftatue
And what
efifentially
require
a fquare
times
others.
more
What
inconvenience would
An
Ejfay on ArchiteSlure.
iSg
to
upon
this
diftances pillars
bridge at reafonable
place
the univerfe,
place of
tive
all
and
in the
the city.
this pofition
mcft apparent
do
render them
it
every time.
perfecfl,
and afterwards
placed
body.
It
An EJay
igo
It
ilatues
We
on Arthite5iure\
vary
to
tues,
fta-
There
is
which
tafte.
It
were
to
making
In
ideas.
would be
them
eafy for
new
ufe of groups
it
to avoid the
and invention
which all want
to
at
fire,
monuments,
prefent.
I do not
thefe
of drefling our
fi:atues is
Why
Why
expreflion
to give a
(liould
we
change to pofterity
cfoathing,
in ufe
we had
been
It is to ad:
little
to retrench or alter
terife
to
our age.
obliged to them.
their
An
Effay on Archtte6lure.
Hofpitals
be
fliould
built
19?
folidly
There is no edifice wherein fumptoufnefs is more contrary to deHoufes defigned to lodge poor
cency.
but plainly.
The new
the
air
it.
or very
niftration
it is
cence very
more
therefore a
admi-
magnifi-
Nothing
decoration
ceived
but
many
which
ftill
as
happy
it
is
as
as na-
nobly con-
to
beauties in a houfc
intereft
be lodged
is
united
ceafcs
a mafter--
is
poor,
charity,
much
much
as
to fa-
is
turally executed,
too
in the
placed.
ill
hofpital; the
piece
ceconomy
little
An
jgz
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
of
ought always
edifices
on the outiide
plicity to
that dwell
all
Thefe
to
have
them.
The
public,
to govern,
of retreat and
penitence.
it
that
tion be proportioned
particulars, pru-
their decora-
to the
I
rank and
have nothing
were
to
and outfide
of
An
Effay en Archite&ure.
193
the
follow to
to
decency
rigor the
The
of.
pride
which they
verthelefs
Necommonly
depends
upon
it
the archited:
who
fign, to
plicity
according
quires.
When
ought not
what
to
as the
he
If he
reputation, he
nity of people to
fuit,
carried
and
An
perfeftly
what
is
he
but
jealous
not look
flatter
the va-
does
by themfelves
bounds.
will
whom pomp
who
fim-
fubjedl re-
not
lefs
de-
confulted,
is
convenient.
is
of his
furniihes the
to
archited:
fuits
go beyond
who knows
that difcernment,
never forgetting
is
194
is
not
-^^
mf^y
that
on Architediure.
circumftances
which
is
hath
proper,
all
the
beauty
and nothing
be-
yond.
^Ci)
Chap-
Chapter
Of
IV*
manner of
the
building
churches.
CHURCHES
are of
all edifices
many
numerous mul-
there
that
religious
from God
that
of working
Deftined t5
art.
it
idea
comes
architect-
brings
to adore^
the liberty
at large,
It
have in
is
all
aftonilliing,
other
forts
worthy admiration;
it
we have
fo
I fay,
that
is
whilil:
of
its
we
edifices
aftoniihing,
few churches
For myfelf
I ajn
we have
convin-
not had at
ings.
196
An
ings.
yet
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
are as
tolerable.
which
them
disfigures
very
that immediately
ftrikes
and
We
one.
delicate
there
natural.
We
we
it
are
feems that
of good
felves
we
loft this
but
return
In withdrawing our-
tafte.
quitted delicacy
ancients
it is
have
we
in recurring to the
we
becaufe
our journey.
but
We
are ftopt
in
the
by
halves,
An
Ejfay on ArchiteBure.
197
we
Architedlure.
matter up.
this
I enter into
it is
judgment of
plain
at Paris the
moft confiderable of
much
we admire
in the
Neverthelefs at the
of the eye
my
imagination
is
height, and
nave.
is
not
by-
others that
ces.
it
firft
glance
my
the freedom of
am forced
ments on the
provin-
to
its
beftow fome
furprife that
vaft
mo-
this great
Recovered from
if I refled:
on the
detail,
find abfur-
dities
the
blame
the times.
on
the
unhappinefs of
critlcifed,
j^
An
198
I
ftill
me
fay
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
admire,
many
behold
I pafs to St.
Sulpicius, a
built in the
Architedure.
am
From
great.
is
we have
ancient tafte of
not
reputation.
great
nor
ftruck
fee
much
nothing
maffes.
There
arches enchafed
between
and
thicknefs
but
are
its
church
thofe that
all
below
in
me
grofs^,
vault
and above
whofe weight
all-
gives
What
fupports.
lobby which
fay
fhall I
hides the
piece of Architedure,
more made to be
houfe is made to
What fhall
portal
It
is
is
but
a pretty
it
is
no
greater.
?
for that
principal en-
be inclofed in a
I fay of the grand
want-
An
Ejfay on Anhitedlure.
The
wanting.
up
almoft
himfelf on
199
Sieur Servandoni
came
he
ftopt
to
perfedlion
To make fome-
this fide.
have
not in depth
which
firft
will
have
much
fo
dif-
of the air;
columns
the
as
by means of
firft,
I fhall not
my
obfervations
will always
pufti further
make
connoifleurs groan
will
prove
to
pofterity
Architedure.
Almoft
20O
Ejfay on ArchiteBilre-.
j4ft
Almoft
all
tafte.
pilafters, arches,
always more or
is
The
true delicacy
found
It is
always
lefs
and majeftic
is
not
in any.
building.
am
flexions
What
my
have furnifhed
imagine, appears
better than
me with.
to me much
leave as judges of
feurs
them
the
connoif-
and mafters*
we
of our ancients.
We
make
we
put arcades
them
we throw
is
they
round points^
as
found
in
our modern
chur-
An
churches
fect
20 r
Ejfay on ArchiteSfure.
the idea, at
is
leaft
and
good Architecture,
of
imperin
but what
is
defective.
blame the
neverthe-
height
appearance
in
We
It is
infinitely contributes to
It
propofed
we
hitherto,
cannot give
all
So
them
a pleafing afpect
we
froni having
at firfl fight.
have enquired
if
in building
our
would not be a
method to give them an elevation and
lightnefs which equalled that of our
Architecture, there
Gothic churches.
well confidered,
the thing
it is
is
it
And
after
appears to
having
me
that
much more
therein
An
202
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
all
the paper-work
In our
columns
making
we
ftiall
putting
wc
fliall
See then
how
would execute
idea.
which
is
common
my
form,
in all the
crofs
other,
put
firft
order of
ted,
little
eleva-
as the portico
of
columns
Upon
upon which
1 raifc
a fecond or-
coupled columns
as
the former.
and
This
fecond
An
Ejfay on ArchiteSiure.
without any
entablature entire
and above
this entablature
of Attic,
fort
arch
centered
its
I raife
Afterwards
double arches.
a full
and without
even
all
203
make
to
lumns forming a
co-
periftyle exactly,
co-
of the
firft
I put
order.
beyond
which have
this
for
Thefe cha-
columns
chitrave
with
its
two
Each
fides
chapel has
fhut.
an ar-
plat -fond.
entrance,
cloiijcr
entrance which
two
fides
is
glazed.
The
other
feparation
by the
altar
fil-
of the chapel,
the
204
-^^^
the other
ArchiteBure.
o?t
mf^y
by a great correfponding
At
as but-
terefles,
which have
by fpurs
laft
my idea,
See then
tages of it.
and
true,
A like Architedure
Firlt,
has nothing in
all
but what
it
therein
it
natural
reduced to the
is
no
no
pilafters,
pcdeftals
Architedure
pears in no part
fhocking.
2dly,
This
there
is
then nothing
nothing mafly,
3dly,
placed in the
nothing
is
licacy extraordinary
fuperfluous,
The
nothing
manner moft
agreeable
are in
windows,
above
An-EJJay on ArcUteBure.
They
205
no more
are
common
churches,
grand windows.
The two
4thly,
to the
crofs
whence
an elevation
majeftic air:
which
modeL
ncfs
all its
6thly,
To
heavi-
from the
it
infinitely
the freedom,
to
might
cence.
maining,
the
re-
difi^erent
being
for
and magnifi-
all
a great
defign
of
painting
and
fculpture.
An
2o6
EJJay on Architecture.
fculpture.
It
is
preferable
Let us
now
and the
difficulties
fee
manner^
the inconveniencies
that
might be an
obftacle.
It
is
no purpofe to
to
cavil
upon
in
plat^band:
have
we had
al-
only con-
two exam-
would
Perchance
culties.
it
will
be
faid that
an arch
as that
that nothing
ficulty.
much
is
of a church.
more
anfwer
The weight
one.
is
The pufh
and what
it
a .great
by the fpurs
fufficiently retained
terefles, as
do not
it is
as but-
Gothic churches.
wherein
fee then
There
fible.
in the
207
impof-
it is
more than
are already
by columns.
is
In our
fupported upon
is
of the lower
fide
would be forced
lean immediately
impoflible
would not
tablature,
lean
to
anfwer that
at all
and that
it
which
arch
this
fuf-
by
an arch extremely
would
furbafed,
which
might
fill
up afterward very
eafily.
way of building
this
too coftly
one
anfwer that
it
fkill
It
and
preci-
only belongs
to
An
2o8
to
them
EJJay on ArchiteBure.
and an
to acquire both,
ar-
chitccfl that
may
furmount
eafily
directing the
tion,
and
work
to the
work with
is
reft, tho'
more,
when
it
a nice atten-
workmen, who
the
work
will al-
As
for the
not
the
faithfully,
appointed them.
is
in
obftacle,
ways* execute
which
this
what they
little
confider
is
The
exifted.
and
great
and not be
to execute well,
fparing to fucceed.
The
ordinary
method
Is
to termi-
The
it
felf to
be examined
is,
if
it is
conve-
of any neceffity or
it is
utility,
it is
and even
if
The round
point
An
Ejfay on ArchiteSlure.
209
But
to
fignify
what ufe
very difficult
it is
all
arife
it
what does
or
is it ?
wuth right
lines.
The
are thefe.
lines
inconveniences
wherein the
is
If
imme-
column,
as
always a half
2dly,
The lowerfides
are obliged to
From
one cannot
thence
it
fee exactly
happens that
to
terminating
itfclf in
an equivocal man-
3dly,
commences
About the
round
An
210
round
EJfay on AnhiteBure.
the
point
are
lowerfides
of the
plat-forms
not
They
fquarc.
irre-
gular figure,
right lines
Now
have already
faid that
we
of irregular
4thly,
figures.
canfort
In the
equally fpaced,
columns cannot be
which
is
one of the
which
greateft defe<5ts.
Inftead of
we
terminate
are
no inconveniences
do not
all
fee the
if
to be feared.
that
may
refult
recommended
itfelf
to the artifts
to
An Epty
to render
on ArcUteSture.
univerfal.
it
21
I confefs that
have fomething
lefs
know
jfelves
that
in
them-
the eflential
is
When
perly.
to
we make
the ufe
of
puts
It
is
as
in the figures
of elo-
if
we
without
falling into
inconveniences of which
fpeaking.
fclf to
my
See then
all
have been
underflanding.
altogether fimple
any of the
would be not
manner
to turn
them
ginning
An
2r2
EJfay on Architecture.
fo there
may
ail
it
is
from top
"be in glafs-work
and incomparable
of a
it
luftre.
I
to
have yet
would be
make
to
kind of half
its
dome which
particulair
columns
fhould have
from
method
different
By
this
others,
which
refult fonie
are not of a
moderate
confe-
An
Ejfay on ArchiteSture.
confequence.
in this
round
Firft,
213
There would be
lumns altogether
The circular
dome would
2dly,
difagreable.
line architraves
3dly,
of the
There would
re-
angle triangle,
of
Of all
round
points,
right lines.
would be
and
But
to forbear the
to terminate all
they won't
in cafe that
would be the
intent
beft
tafte
by
think.it
crofs,
as that
church at Rome.
3
'
have
4n
214
Ejfay on ArchtteSlun.
have already
faid
in
demn
which fuch
this time,
good
give
much
con-
the idea of
have executed
as they
it
to
is
If they w^ouJd
Architecture.
have
an other
in
more
it
one
in others parts,
of the
dome
raife
may
in the fa.fliion
may fympaarch.
From
An
wdthout
difficulty
determine
me
the
reafons
which
prefcnt
an arch, which
gularity,
all
will
the
them
a defign of
all
advantages
him
have
the lin-
of the
the inconveni-
After
An
EJfay on Architedfure.
215
more
iition
am
who
would
in the center
of the
immediately
crofs,
as a
in St. Peter's
fefs that this
gious of
all
to fervc
church
place
all, it
is
at
Rome.
con-
and which
reunite,
great
number of
view to a
in
But be-
fpedators.
grand
is
me
apparent.
Firft, It is
imagine a deiign of an
making
moft
very difficult to
altar,
a fenfation ever fo
capable of
little
majef-
tic,
that
which
of the
is
crofs.
met with
in the center
how much
4
it
ap-
pears
2l6
An
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
pears a very
little
glance, altho'
it
enough
to
remain but a
compafs
it
it
choir, they
had advanced
feat:,
little
It
the place
at
even into
it
In
Rome
about.
if in
of putting
at
firft
be monftroully great,
fpace
thing at the
St. Peter's
in elevating
altar a great
upon the
principal
is
to put
But
one
church
in two,
manner
from one
the other, which dimi-
cuts the
nishes very
much
beholder,
3dly,
This
difpolition hides
celebration
thofe
of the holy
which
offices,
and
nothing
An
EJfay on ArchiteSiure.
at the altar.
me
2iy
Thefe
fufficient to
con-
is
ways
My
altar.
to place
in the
it
opinion
bottom of the
choir,
which
delks or pulpits
al-
is
all
thofe
in almoft
all
impenetrable in
it
would
cloifter greate,
which
all
refpefts.
fliould
inclofe all
choir,
The
ftall
fhould be
left
there
This chancel
of
chancel I would
this
alcove
fr<3m
of
all
many
parts
fteps
in
raife
a great
and detached
one
An
21 8
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
one might
eafily
go round about.
In
evident
It is
altfir.
all
feen
by every body.
by the
periftyle
refults
from
nificent.
that
the advan-
The
be
altar
Inclofed near
it all
that
is
It is eafy to
great and
decorate
it
magafter
decoration.
of which
behold
calls to
mind
Above
this
tomb two
as a ta-
What
one
all
two
that
fliould
is
add
beyond
An
beyond
and
EJfay on Archite6lure.
would be a
this,
The
trifling.
may
ferve
as a
in this
and
enriched
decoration
to
fuperfluity
of our Lady
altar
model
219
contribute
of the fame
point,
may be
altar
the
to
In
altar.
riftyle
may be
eel,
of the dedication of
In
this altar.
which
feparates the
may
of Architefture, one
two orders
place a glory,
air
flying in
name of
triangle
One may
Gfod.
with
put
all
all
the fculpture of
coration
may be
it.
At
de-
terminated by a great
fo
that there
may
refult
An
220
EJfay
ArchiteSlure.
'on
and
umform
all true.
An
altar
thus defigned as
would be a
defcribed,
have
perfed: beauty,
The
great reprefentation.
divine fer-
in the
On
the
which
hitherto
cattridges, fta-
That
far
and
figure
it,
fufion
and
it,
only
to dif-
diforder.
would
An Efay
I
on Architecture.
221
Thefe two
door.
make
would then
be in the fame
I juft
tafte,
two
as that
are
If
it
of which
the idea of
is
objedled
neceffary in thefe
places to facilitate
on the days of
will
the crofs.
The
altars
of the chapels
fliould
Here
have nothing
leave
free career to
their
inventions,
provided.
An
222
EJJay on AnhiteSiure.
think of
and provided
difcreet,
modcft and
all
therein be
religious.
fide
Commonly it is
fide
of the
is
portal.
referved
and
this
But
moft
is all
beft.
al-
church,
ciate
the order of
it.
It
and
vi-^
would be
much
door,
to
throw out a
fhell
of wood,
and
the organ
to eftablifti
loft,
which
upon
his
bafe^
vyould have a
to be fuflained in
the
eafily
One might
air.
reftify
223
and embellifti
this idea,
Let us
the
moft the
the
gures
of our
outfide
One
efles.
them
We muft
from any
part.
They had
Rome.
iat
fider
is
it,
On whatever
the artifice
attention to
is
fide
you con-
the
contreforts or
buterefies,
them one
floor
let
all
the
buterefies
An
&2\.
EJfay on Arthite6iure.
buterefles
But
may
of the nave
not be too
us pufh out as
ftory above,
as in
that below.
would be an
ready
It
is
increafe
have
al-
ftiid
not hinder,
cute the
mely
plain.
would not
ufe therein
It
it is
difficult that
an
cuted there,
without
adding to the
would not
deftal
ftill.
the two
floors,
a cornifh
mounted with a
above fur-
balluftrade,
and the
windows
An Efay
on ArchiteSture.
windows above
^25
feems to me there is nothing more required, and that this plain decoration
It
decency.
who
It is neceffary
approach
it,
be
only of
fo
Cuftom
venerable a place.
much
the
feems
It
great cxcefs.
profufion in
portals.
mend them.
all
have no
It is
defire
to
recom^
ridiculous to give to
which
luftre
manner,
that going
from one
to the
from being
fuf.
An
226
EJfay on ArchiteBure.
go
truth
^
This principal
encreafing.
and
in nature,
let
us
is
in
conform
The
beft
is
to
build
which
the
terras,
and
at
bottom of the
terras
rifes the
blature,
crowned with a
fecond order,
we muft
balluftrade.
is
raife
above
this
thereupon
two
Our
An
Our
Efay on ArchiteBure.
227
conftrudiion of tours.
have mar-
^ey
upon the
tafte of them
and pufhed very far the contrivance of
them. They have found the fecret of
velloufly feifed
workman-
whence
refults
Nothing
is
comparable
kind to
in this
This
fliperb
pyramide
mafter-piece by
tion,
its
ex:i(3:
abje form, by
its
is
a ravifhing
prodigious eleva-
diminution,
its
agree-
portions,
Thcr(i
and genius
all
that
we
is
more
in this
fee
moft wonderful.
I
artifls to
like.
228
like,
of
An
EJfay on
Ar chit e5lare.
They have
fuccefs.
the
neither
hand
fare
great things.
enough
I
fuch
to execute
is
be-
no
This falUng
tafte.
able an
art
is
in fo confider-
altogether
humbling^
it,
if it
is
poffible.
Three
cient tours.
Their great
elevation,
py*
is
The
The
ridi-
culous,
An Efay
more
culcHjS,
two
en ArchileSfure.
The
tours.
229
defedt of height
is
with a
fort
of (lender
dome
in
its
of workmanihip there
is
All therein
in
its
form.
pro-
Of
not even
is
mafly,
Muft we than
flat.
not at
all
One may
ter.
in
uiing
To
that
impoflible to do bet-
end
we mufl
take care,
Firft,
entablature,
which by
all
the parts of
their projedion,
entire
>e-
An Efay
230
on ArchtteBure.
two
tours
church of
portal of the
Rome, had
in-
have
two
built thefe
tours they
would
may
thereof as a model.
It
is
make
more
fine
tours
without employing
giving themfelvej
to
all
up without
confl:raint
caprice of invention.
in
all
the
If there are a
permit-
it is
ted to fwerve
and
to
What
prevents
;:
An
Ejfay on ArchiteSiure.
231
capable of producing
nothing in
it
provided, that
is
furprifing,
and prodigious.
After having given the general idea
of a church-portal, I fhould obferve
that if they would have ftatuary therein,
this fliould be under the portico only
which
is
at
bottom upon
4^
pedeftals,
in
the
An
232
EJfay on Architecture.
b well to decorate
the
colonnades wherein
all
It
would
the fpaces of
there
is
no
who
come
holy
to worfhip the
We
houfe.
may
Lord
in his
alfo in the
room of
which
fill
all
all
the
they
More
or
many
a time,
may
fome groups
of ftatues upon the pinacles, which divide the fuperior balluftrade from the
In the upper ftory which terportico.
minates by a pediment, we muft have
a great care, to place as has been done
lefs
one
place
upon the inclining plans of the pediment. Nothing is more abfurd and
contrary to nature than ftatues upon
That which is proper is at the
roofs.
point of the pediment to put^ij^finifhing
two
An
two
Ej(^y on ArchiteElure.
flying angels
upon
233
which
crowu the
clouds,
whole work.
I
ought
we may
One may in
the middle
circular or oval
cipal entrance
two
build
make
raife a true
which
we may on
circular
dome
ferves as a prin-
the fides
porticos,
which
dome
Artifls
invent
others
of them,
form
taflie.
to
is
only cufiom,
form of
a long crofs.
In following
always the fame rule of Architecture,
one may give to churches all imagi-
nable forms;
them
all
figures
it is
of one plan.
from the
make
All geometrical
triangle to the
circle
may
234
may
^^ mf^y
^^ Architedlure.
church that
they had
all
attention,
fomcthing particular in
the form, worthy to draw the curious
of connoiffeurs.
Chapter
Of
V.
the embellijhment of
TH
tafte
of embellifliments
become general,
is
ftiould
particular houfes,
cities.
it is
art,
made
to
is
be wifh-
But
not be confined to
it
the
An
EJfay on Architecture.
235
No
out dejQgn.
is
more
fenfible,
The
Paris.
all
for three
till
ill
long time
built
after,
but one
may
fome pieces of it
here and there, Paris upon the whole
is
nothing
lefs
than a line
city.
Supe-
extent,
by the
by
number of and
riches of
tants,
flie
is
its
inferior to
its
inhabi-
many, by
all
The
An
236
The
Effay en Architedlure..
avenues of
ftreets
il!
few
fquares
iiderable
worJ,
is
it
regularity
the
the
(trait,
trivially built
the
in
thernfelves
in
almoft
laces
are miferable,
it
all
the
difpofed
ill
paIn
where
without
meets very
one
much
a city
lefs cel'^brated.
beliifhment, and
tible
of
To
it.
infinitely fufcep-
contribute
time
give
it
now
has not,*!
all
we mu/t
ought
am
going
and the
it
to parti-
upon which
rules that
we
effentially to follow.
The
beauty a?id
beft
my
to the defign
in
it is
want of em-
entrance,
magnificence of
on three things^
its ftreets,.
its
buildings.
Arti-
An EJay
on Architediur^.
Article
Upon
TT
<
I.
neceflary that
is
into a city
is
Firft,
237
cities.
entrance
Free and
difeiiw.
ji
5^hc
of a
^ritry
facilitate
city
defigned to
is
tants
To the
it is
necef-
difengaged.
much
The
to this
avenue^j
and
contribute
difengagement.
un-
lead
give as -much
city
is
more
which we muft
more widenefs
It
is
as
the
that there
is
not fuffident
'
An
.238
city,
this
Ejfay on Archifediure.
confidcrable
may
fo
that
there
be no obflrudtion to be feared.
Some time
ris
diftance,
avenues of Pa-
which
pal paflages,
are fubjedl
an extraordinary con-
to
is
certain times
courfe,
approach
two
at
and
Befides that
it
the court of
wooden
and
Paris,
bridges without
without
almofl:
fuperlativeiy
decoration
folidity
incommodious
it
is
to lind at
cannot pafs
and
to
bridges
two
in front,
coaches
without breaking,
coaches
is
to
hardly fufficient
run without
for
near
rubbing
An
Ejffay on
ArchiteSfure.
may
239^
This negledl
it
isafto-
and
is
as
much
turnings,
as poffiblc
is
it
large,
without elbows or
is
at the
it*
It
it
and
(hould
could even be
by many
ftrcets as a
trance into
is in
this
Rome
very
in Paris like to
The
goofe foot.
en-
tafte
it.
It
would be
eafy to dif-
urb of
St.
very
ral
much
better, in preparing a
new gene-
two
St.
Martin and
St.
Jame's gat,
in
put-
and end
at
An
240
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
fome confiderable
at
The
edifice.
the
is
more
it is
nmch
greater
neceflfary
it
Which
wanting-
in.
enough
bating them
from
more order and more
whence wojid
refult
convenicncy.
It is ncceflity
place to fo
to the diftri-
many
barriers
but
as
it
is
they arc
fliould
beyond which
regular,
it
body
that
limits
this
tries
and the
being formed in
City, either
upon each
face, or
The
Nothing
ever fide
we
fo pityful
On
what-
firfl:
ob^eft
hinges and
of dung.
fl
ill
fomebadpal-
are
fonle well
upon
rowling upon
of wood,
pieces
itfflf,
fome
mkcd
241
crofs-
two old
what they
Thefe
are
title
One
fees
nothing
who
Foreigners
when
qualifie
are aftoniflied,
now in
They muft be rea-
bouring
cent
it
village
is
in
fome neigh-
how
inde-
kind of
We
all
ornarrients.
room of
thefd
in
memory
Triumphal arches
are the
moft agreeable to
They
CL
filled
all
Europe
An
242
rope
EJJay on Arthitedture.
ficulties
toereft
We are
monuments
under dif-
to the glory of
What mo-
numents more worthy of them than fine triumphal arches, which afford a plain and natural
was thus
Romans
that the
It
thofe people
who
middle the
folitary ftatues
much
in raifing
city
They
charac-
them
upon the
thofe
of one of
feveral
avenues of their
magnificent
arches
which
brought to remembrance the military triumph with which their great adions had
it.
We
(hall
fixing
ftran-
ger
E{f^
Jin
ger
And
ifvithoat
ArchiteBitre.
to
243
monuments which
fkall raife
gether,
will ferveako*
tlve
Under
XIV. wherein
they
u double
felt in
triumphal arches.
manner the
From
gates of St.
Martin^ of
Bernard and
St.
good
taffte
in th^t time,
St.
/Vnthony,
of
utility
Dennis, of
Sc.
If the univerfal
have had
all
the
avenues of
this
capital
nobly adorned*
t^fte
that
is
in
their proportions,
in
noble
in their
nis
in
is
fimplicity
ornaments,
their
my
The
bulk.
and ftrength
fomething
vaft
gate of St.
opinion a mafter-piece
and
Den-
in that
kind. Nothing more majefticthan the aftonifhing largenefs and fine elevation of this
full
centered arch,
ornaments
than
the
Q^ a
uc
^^ mfay
244
on ArchiteSlure.
which terminates
don't
ancient
Martin
bulk
The
much of
arches of
it
are too
little,
the
is
to give
St.
Bernard's gate
pomp
In the
altogether
is
(hocking.
Here he goes
the right or
and
portable,
edifice
This defeft
left.
fpoils all
altho*
of work.
piece
cither only
have three
In
one gate
:
be
it
When
is
the
infup-
is
reft
of
the
fine
otherwife
a
triumphal
neceffary or
this edifice
arch,
we muft
cannot have
a very large breadth, we muft content ourfelves with one arcade, as is done in St.
which
as
we
tecture of which
moft
defective.,
I
would
An
I
EJfay on ArchiteSiure.
Romans who
ftile
245
of the ancient
made
almoft always
ufe of
pedeftals,
in
ciples I
and corrupt
may
Nothing prevents
and grand without
having recourfe to any order of ArchitecSt. Dennis gate is a mature in columns
work.
making
the
beautiful
nifeft
proof of
it.
It is
there-
ture to give
genius of a
man
tible refource,
of ability,
is
an inexauf-
of buildings, to 'varie
idea.
in a right line,
It
terminates with a
0^3
trium-
An Efay
246
on ArchiteBure.
been defcribing
I heve
from thence one enters
or half
ny great
ftreets
as
have a
That
fine objeft
all
be the
thefe
fineft
be imagined.
We
fhall
be a long time
We
much
to take
it
fucceflively,
and
by-
And
of our ideas.
Article
R T
C L E
T& difpcfition
247
II.
of tJoeJlreets.
cannot render
the
INthea great
communication eafy and cooimpftrcets
city
dious,
if
number enough
enough
to prevent
all
The
large
and in
the way.
obftruftions,
There
defefts.
are very
much
fre-
ftreets
of communication
many
it,
turnings.
is
to the
two
St.
is
of
ters
St.
little
wickets.
In
Anthony-ftreet, there
all
is
the extent of
only to go to
The
bri Iges
upon the
tiently in
An Ejay
248
on ArchiteSlure'.
ftreets
of
a city as a foreft.
of that,
paths
The more
there
and
all
different
be of choice,
fliall
crofs-
figure.
abun-
All that
is
proper to exercife
the imagination, the fire and fally of the
vention and defign,
is
genius.
An
Ejfay on ArchtteSlure.
The
genius.
in the
invention
249
compofuion of a
picture.
is
great
parallelograme
One
fees
in
repetition of the
quarters are fo
takes,
traverfed
and
much
a-like, that
all
the
one mis-
A park
be a colleftion of de-
all
the ways
fiat.
Above
all
things
An Efay
250
on ArchiteSlure.
Whoever
fures
is
will
pleafing us.
It is
not then a
little affair
even to de-
manner
may
that
divide
almoft
therein
That
in
may
that one
ever
the
not meet
fame objeds.
may
of confulion.
fort
That
all
be in a direc-
monotomy
and that
tion,
but without
from
refults
from
it
in the
there
We fhould
fuits fo
for this
There
is
artifl fo
fine
An
Ejfay on ArehiteBitre.
a field as Paris.
fine
forefty
It
which, dividing
pofe
1:0
an immenfe
by a great river,
forms
is
itfelf
many
into
branches^
of different greatnefs.
illes
we then
that
it
he not draw
will
advantageous
Sup-
part
251
varieties
from
fo
what
many
What happy
riety
And why
impoflible
How
many
provincial cities,
new
we
embellifhment
a
Why
fliould
kingdom
finite.
finifh
as
There
all.
The
2^2
only refolution and courage, when otherwife they have not againft them any phyfical obftacle.
Paris
is
Nothing can
be more worthy fo brave a nation, fo ingenious, fo powerful as the French nation, as to undertake
to
make of
it
upon
one of the
new
defign,
fineft cities
of
the univerfe.
Article
Of
the decoration
WHEN
difficult
of buildings.
is
well
lay'd out,
moft
IIL
thing
is
done.
remains
It
wold have a
to
of their houfes.
ftreet fliould
All that
We
ihall
is
done
fix
in
which
it is
fl:reet.
be permitted to build,
manner
in the
but
it
alfo the
to be built.
The
An
The
Ejfay on ArchiteSlure.
253
ftreets are
ftreets.
the defedl
in
cities
How-
very large.
may
be,
appearing low and crufhed, they have nothing noble nor even agreeable.
As
Too
an infipid view.
is
the greateft of
great uniformity
It is there-
all defefts.
To
cious uniformity.
an uniformity but
vern in
The fame
all
by another
and there
is
not croffed
ftiould not
be
The
that
from the
we put
lefs
is
given to build-
or more ornaments
therein,
and the
different
manner
^^ mf^y
254
0^ ArchkeSlure.
as inexhauftible,
eft city
with.
refourfes, every
With
one of whith
one may
in the great-
fronr.
It
would be
variety of defign
all
light
or rather that
with,
profufe in
plain,
ornaments,
let.
us put
much
gant and
magnificeat.
common from
ele-
Let us pafs in
An-EJfay on ArcUteBure.
255
bly
coration.
The
city
we
that
dings
Her
of Paris
fliould
all forts
is
fufficiently great,
employ upon
it
in its buil-
of imaginable decoration.
room
frequently to
by
In overthrow-
in
mod
columns from
In covering again
them
nifhing
all
thefe
part of
in their places
changing
;
in fur-
An
256
or
E/Jay on ArchiteSlufe:
lefs
of a general defign,
and fquares
churches,
if in
preferving
we
by
felves edifices
cal
form, the
of defign and of a
tafte
If
them-
fantafti-
of the grand,
be an immenfe
piece alone,
of which
ples,
city, it
would be a
mafl:er-
a prodigy, an enchantment.
fyllem of embellifhment,
and to
fix
may
An
E[jay
ArchiteSlure.
071
may
favour
themfelves
trates that
it,
257
lovers that
it,
aflift
may
intrepid magif-
attentively medicate
may
may
upon
efficacioudy prepare
I
it.
know
that every
is
only of
we ought
to
remember
in great
numbers,
utility.
Chapter
VI.
TH E
lately
art
been
known
to us.
Before
They
of
trees, floors,
but with fo
little tafte
and lb
little
defign,
'tha;
4n
258
'Effay on
ArchiteSture.
more wild and more faLewis XIV. born and hardly had
elevated and fenfible foul manifefted
vage.
this
its
fenfible
The
fine.
in
of the vivacity of
all arts
were
art
France under
his reign.
We
faw there
new
order,,
came
The
emulation be-
forts
ifted
filled
with
all
a flavery fo
The
all
determine
of which declare
come
its
merit.
that multitude of
From
charming
chirms
thence
places,
flowetr
An
Ejffay
on ArchiteSiure.
259
The
of gardening
art
pnly one
of Mr.
le
is
has not
that
we have
France,
itfelf.
perchance the
degenerated in
We
Notre.
have
in this refpeft
put in execution with fuccefs the moft proper talent of our nation, which confifts
invention, than reftifying, polifliing
lefs in
And
as
requires
it
we fhould
furnifh
new
us look for
all
Don't
to be
it
is
let
that there
is
That
to
all
there
is
which we
a queftion to
they are
call mafter-pieces.
It is
know
and
full of,
ties
An
26o
EJfay on ArchifeBure.
means of working
wanting;
to their trueperfeftion.
we ought
In gardens
the only
it is
keep above
to
make
fhould
what
ufe of
all
We
admirable in
is
combining them
and
them of
which makes
after a graceful
charm of
the
in nature is,
it
What
fweet.
fo
Firft,
The
pleafes
fhade of woods,
murof therivelets.
zdly,
mur-
fpecls,
all thefe
felt,
It is
ajl
that
required
advantages together
to a difpofition, that
traft
air.
may make
in-
the con-
natural.
The
and do ftill
amongft Arrangers for one of the wonders
time
paffed
of the world.
what
have
amongft
us,
I will fay
of thefe gardens,
one finds
there-
An
26/
Ejfay on ArchiteSfiire.
therein
ment of the
inquiry
We
fpeftacle.
am going to make
and marble,
ncfs of brafs
ted,
fhall
if
If the rich-
nature fuffoca-
bombaftic,
make
if the
fingu-
extraordinary,
the
But
all.
let
What do we
gardens
find
in
walking
in thefe fine
prefTion,
in a
im-
this fad
This
is
what
tp
An EJay
262
on ArchiteSiure.
which
from a garden the fmiling and
graceful, takes from it its moft ejGTential
in taking
beauty.
The
is
firft
row
valley,
invironed
all
with
moft forbidden
barren
only
forefts,
defert,
and can't
From
pair
this
local
deformity.
They were
of therein,
We
if
lliall
we don't
which
carries
with
it
landfkip adorned
a delicious repofe.
of Paris
and we
is filled
The neighbourhood
woods, the
folitary
pf Verfailles.
A fe-
moft
An
Effay on ArchiteSture.
A fccond
defeft
fe
This great
263
air o*^
fine nature.
fuit
We
har-
mony, but
and
much
too
a horfe-back,
Iron
regulated*
flower-gardens, alleys,
little
thickets, all
is
done with that exadnefs, and with a conftraint infinitely removed from the happy
negligence and eflfefted humour of nature
in her productions.
Art far from being concealed proclaims itfelf, in every part and
in every manner, it is like one of thofe difcourfes full of afFeftation^
is
all
all
turns of
the
rule. This
enough in our gardens,
fuch a, manner the plea-
is
meafured by
yet univerfal
and diminilhes in
of them, that to make an agreeable
walk, one is obliged to go .out of tjiefe
fures
go
too
is
much
fhewn, to
The
me
ferable
to
ours.
The
pre-
defcription of th^
we read
on
their
their
An
264
EJfay on Archite^lure.-
their gardens.
humour
to the
groves,
and
to their canals,
much more
one can
refift
one believes
to the
charm of
reading
in
Befides
no
this defcription,
to
ir,
little
accom-
that
all
wander
in the
midft of fi6licious gardens where the faries difplay their enchantments: neverthelefs^when
nflcft thereupon,
what
is
is
we
fee
happily confulted, fo
our
we
who
I wifli
taftes.
we
fliould have
gardens,
again with
A
-,
is
come
wherein
all its
third dcfeft
that
we
are too
to the end of
would
nature
making
find
itfelf
graces.
much
fhut
up
in
them.
One
Now
in thefe
which
we always
Through
leaves
no
li-
berty
An
berty,
the
neither in regard to
air to
26^
EJJay on ArchiteSlure.
change
nor for
extent,
its
The
itfelf:
pallifadoes
of
llreet.
it.
felf,
to
laft
making
We
plan-
tations of trees,
rely free
felf
and difengaged.
The
heads of which
hence arofc
and under
From
From
a fhade,
refrelhed
bowers which
columns
is
upon
as
many
do not
and maffies
of them in
forefts.
What
nagement,
as
having
make
in
:
as in a pidlure,
the lights of
made
pretend
is,
that
ufe of with
ma-
themfelves fomething
We
fliould
we make
more value
make
ufe
ufe of fliades
As in mufic
we
An
266
we
Effay on Architediure.
ufe difcord,
For there
is
harmony through
The
the whole.
gardens of Verfailles are as the pidurcs of Carravagio wherein darknefs governs to excefs
Or
as the
A fourth defeft
of thefe gardens
and
all
there
is
is,
that the
and
livelinefs
frefli-
No-
an extreme drynefs.
Would we
as a fine green.
pufh
this fenfa-
it is
from
tion
up
to the
flower-gardens of Verfailles
we
fee
In
the
only border-
O'f
lefs
No-
borders.
find there
is
at leaft
medow
and
little
it
in
my eyes,
is
too fade
green turf:
One may
and
An
and that
of
it is
fee
might execute
is
to the
underftand
deGgn of bordering,
only
how
fpeak
greeji,
When
be always fatiating.
will
it
267
Effay on Architeoiure.
fame
in the
in
would have
defign
in this
to the gardener,
places
good
it
moft agreeable
that
is
was
enamelling after a
It
appears to
that
In the
in
green border.
tafle this
beauty, bccaufe
is
might be
alfo
me
it
and
all
the refourfes
in arc
little
in nature,
itfelf.
lometimes
ill
The yew
green
is
always
ill
difpofed*
yew pyramids,
is
thefe
has driven
away
game of
cheft.
Good
tafte
neverthelefs
An mfay
268
thelcfs
one
failles.
The
on ArchiteSiure.
fees great
remains of them
The
at
Ver-
we
more order.
What more
of green.
teful,
fmiling, and
more gra-
fcveral
in
fuch a manner,
that the
gaging
as in a fine pifture.
gardener ought
ing,
manner
and to give us a
is
as to fur-
ordinary pleafures.
there
tafte
is
garden without
animate
and
foul.
pany
the beauties of
ail
it,
and give to
it
life
in the
moft
folitary
garden:
We
believe
nymphs
fide
and
falls
amufe
its
of a
various bub-
What
have they
They
have
An
EJfay on Archite5lure,
269
all
The
canals,
raifed
has been
pencc
to
was
entirely
wanted.
hill,
all is
to
this
reduced to be
in a
all
kinds,
The
reft
We meet
riety of
We
infinitely better
fine
have water
it
in a
much
had
lefs
va-
to enjoy conftantly.
little
further of
it
by
little
takes
bubbles through
all fort
little
is
preferable to
all
the inftan-
The
An
270
The
EJJay on Architedlure.
critical
made on
this
at all fmiling,
examination that
now
have
to varie
and to
it
fort
it.
Do
not
let
us confine
fymmetrifed
much
make
more or
lefs
force
more
or
difpofe
lefs
in fhort that
make
There
all
profpeft,
Ihall
quantities
is
and
it
in
we may
may be
and then we
After a
life
brought him a rcpofe, of which he makes advantage as a man of genius and tafte, for to
give himfelf to
all
and ingenious.
him
lefs
indebted to
enriched them,
who
than
which he has
them,
4n:^Jf^y
them, which
ArchiteSiure.
271
He
of them,.
artifts,
them
light
ordinary talents, to
is
the
man
firft
do prodigious
things.
He
much occonomy
and to execute
as quicknefs.
it
with as
His houfes of
pleafure of
full
number
to an aftonifliing
cmbellifhmentsof a moftexquifite
fruitfulnefs
tafte.
There
of a genius, which
what
is
There we
which
ings of
all
pleafure
by
fort
of forms,
fee build-
afford lefs
materials, than
the form,
There we
the
good
tafte
of the ornaments.
and
There we walk
innocent.
nature
is
in
its
in
gardens wherein
An
272
rifing in
EJfay on ArchiteSlure.
word
novelties,
is
and through
and graceful
There
it
is
the fmiling
Let our
that governs.
artifts
go
a thoufand
new ways of
us.
furprifing,
S.
TABLE
T A B L E
O
T H E
CONTENTS.
A.
ArchiteSIure
of Premontre,
ABBY
an immenfe
but
edifice
reprehenfible
-^hby
of
St.
Pag. 71
Dennis, its
old, buildings
ferable to the
were pre-
new
46
^ccademiei of Archite6lure.
how they ought to labour
for the perfedlion of this
art
10 1, 121
modem
its
be-
pint
band
Compolite
Corinthian
Doric
32. 33
107
98
83
gi
Ionic
Arches and bullerefles
56
203
of great ufe in
apartments
168
-^//^j of Gardens
265
Arches, double,
'Mctnjes^ are
things
all
good models
More able than we
102
in conf-
truftion
47
of
cities
241
load the
vaults
Attic,
A'venues oi
much
which
genius,
mans
Its
4
principles
founded
Z.
Qity
model
Altar of
237
224
St.
Sulpitius in
Pari defective
215
ought to be
215
Altar, of i:roires and chapels
221
B.
Ballujlrade
Banieri o?iiiis
240,241
Ba/e,
31
be re-
to
70
P^/^,atticurgic,admirable 70
Borrowed in the Dorick or-
de,r
May
83
beattributed to
all
70. go. 88
Bafe Corinthian, defedive
88
Bas
232
reliefs
how, the
decorate them 256
Bridges of Paris
way
to
Comr
pofit
107
Of
Of
the fquare-houfc at
-.^^
99
..
Nifmes
1
Thofe and mutales when
42
to be retrenched
C.
/^anopy of
St. Peters
church
26.215
Rome
Of the invalids at Paris
at
26
Of Valde Grace.
Cities,
Ihid.
embellilhments
2^5
126
Cartridges, vicious
Chaifel of the foundlings 9
io6
Capital, Qom^o^xt
1
Column t
Corinthian
Doric
95
84
its
146
rules
Ru
Coupled
Engaged
Twilled
Hicks
24
32. 33
16
23
2j
Fluted
varied
Concourfe, of
defedive
Ih^d.
tion
89
flrudion
orders
88.89
Tonic
108
two corniches
72
50
Confoles
when
Cornijh,
it
ought
"
be retrenched
Inconveniency of
jedion
its
pro-
43
108
108
Cornijh Compofit
tp.
42
Corinthian
Doric
84
Ionic
92* 93
166
dious
niency
*59
Church of Notre
Dame
197
207
Of
pot
Itreet
Of
St, Peters at
78.89
Rome
J39.
Church
Of
146
208
St. Sulpitius
Churches oi AmiQViS
Bourges
Rheims
ufe one
may make
7^/V.
175
Dome, the manner of avoiding its defcds,
214
Ibid.
Dome
The
of it,
of building them
Ibid,
Idea, new on this fubjeft
202
Full arched,
^3
Of apartments,
Drops,
52
168
TryglifFs,
33
D.
of buildings
7^ Er<7r/2//o
is
not arbitrary,
173
May fucceed very well
without any order of Ar118
chitecture,
Decoration, of
252
citys,
convenience,
Delicacy^
is
not contrary to
145
Solidity,
Demy-fnetopeohhc. projeding
angle ought to be fmook
and without
Denttly
when
fculpture,
84
ought
be
it
to
42
retrenched,
Is
tjje Jefuits
234
30
107
Doric
Coropofit
Corinthian
98
%z
Jonic
91
Entrance, of the corps of
Lodgins, how it ought to
be
1
59
237
themfelves
How
the arts
this lownefs.
136
fuffv^r
for
Ibid,
Compofit, Corinthian
and Doric
82. 99. 107
E^ves,
58
F,
church,
in St. Anthonys-llreet, 50
Of the invalids an unufefuli building,
cities
gardens
Entahleturey its rules
15, 25,69
of buildings,
Of
92
order,
Dome, of
JJmhelh/hments of
Louvre
175
'9
Of
t
3
Of
the
caftle
failles
of Vcr4-
In the gardens
24
252
Flights
106
capital
Of
85
190
They
Glory,
219. 223
with a group of fly-
ing angels
Ibid,
Groi;^j or thickets
267.268
Ibid,
H.
TjArmony, there
-
104
French,
Ms
retrenched
42
J 08
Compofit
Doric
Corinthian
99
83
91
Jonic
G.
r^Alkry of Verfailles
-
Of tne
Gates, of St.
Of
Of
Of
Louvre
181
Anthony, 244
St. Barnard,
St.
Denis.
St.
Martin,
Ground-floor,
railed
ment,
(3Ught
above the
ibid,
245
244
be
to
pave1
60
Of
Colours,
ftudy
proper to invent
than to perfect
6y
Frife, whea it ought to be^
is a proper
one for Archite6lare, 74
them
the
we
{hould
agreements of
in the fortmcnts
And
for
of
114
Marble,
the decoration
268
of Gardens,
decency, 191
Hofpital of the foundlings
at Paris, too magnificent
Hofpital.., their
182
Em-
263
peror of China,
Houfe, Iquare of Nifmes,
ancient
beauty of that
building
Houfes,
of particulars their
decency,
192
Houfes
1
2
69
i
their beauty
very independent of their
Marbles,
1 1
fcarcety,
I.
/Taltensy have
the fuperio-
conftrufting their
in
rity
fountains,
.
86
32,62
columnation,
i>//^r,
1 1
racter of the fubjed,
Materials y the choice, and
we
fhould
make of them,
113
7^
K.
IZEySy
all
the
borders
of
0%,ofSt.Sulpitius, 48
198
Lobhy^ fmgular,'
50
method
La^,
ftreets
it
be fu
perfluous in buildings,
MouUings,
42
72
them
One may
110
them,
Manner of
71
Are Archite^ure what
the
for ting
in
accords are in
Harmony,
247.
deficient,
that
to
multiply
L.
would be con-
75
'
Muffle,
Mutules,
or corbels,
doric order,
of the
82, 85
152
what
Architedurc owes to him
24, 66
Lerme
Philibert
of the Corinthien
League Sy
de,
Q7
capital,
Of
Acantha
the
prefe-
and Olive,
it
55
Nuditp, ought to be bannilhed from churches, 175
97
M.
Mi
N.
o.
r\B}er<vaiory^ at Paris, the
conflrudion of its build.
ing excellent,
45
i74 195
Order
of
it,
thedefeas,
"
Number
of orders
13
not
is
Common
183
Park, what makes the beauty of
ill
69
enriching
1 1
de-
all their
100
feds,
]ts
charafter
fliould
be decorated,
241
Pediment, its rule5, centered,
broken, with volutes or
enrolements, equally re-
Mu
39
']^
87
It elegance,
87
Ornaments, their choice and
125
their diipofition,
Ornaments of Altars^ defedive,
218, 219
Organ
251
(i'j
charadlcr,
its
Its
prehenfible,
charader,
Its difficulties,
Jonic
the world,
Itsnoblenefs
its
23c
built,
orders thereof,
Doric,
248
it,
Manner of
them,
They have
Corinthian
metit meets,
64
iabfoluteiy fixt
Palace,
222
Their true
Plan of a
29
ufe,
city,
difficult
to
250
lay out,
89
manner of
decorating them
256
Ponts de Neuilli k de Seve,
Ponts de Paris,
P.
pAlIifadesy
and gloomy,
Pallace of
24,
Of the
feds,
its
defedive,
manner
24
24, 47,
55, 124,
177
it
Rome
47,
in
Portal,
48
what
fhould be deco-
225
rated,
179
Pallace of Princes, what is
dings,
Porche of St Peter at
263
Luxemburg
defetls,
fad
238
incommodious,
of charmille
of the exercife
St.
109
Catherine,
OfSt.Gervais,i7,i8,^9
Of the
thonys
JefuitsinSt.
ftreet,
An198
Of
58
^Sle of
Of St.
Sulpiciu3,
the Content's.
44,118
of Aichitcdlure, but
without
Proportions^ wherein
ploying it in buildings 75
Sculpture of the chap pel of
not
Verfailles,
ao
model
may
ferve as a
n6
w hich
157
to be
cy agreeable to buildings
are in thebeft,
Are
Their
is
defedls,
manner of em-
Sculpture,
is
detail,
86
1 20
of a community
192
com-
Situation of buildings
modious or incommodious
defeft cannot be
167
falhion,
Sofit,
82
93
Of
Solidity of buildings
how
Squares,
they ought to
185
be,
of vidtorys, of
1
Lewis the Great,
84
Square defigned for the flatue
1
of Louis XV.
87
R.
TyEtreatSy in, the thicknefs
143
Royals,
po217
a Nich
rtion
Statues,
plaid^ in
ill
55
upon the inclining plan of a pediment
Worfe
OTair-cafes, flight of,
they ought to be
how
165
They
ftill,
Where
We
them
64
them
That of Premontree Theof way
of
That of Luxemburg 49 them
our palaces
of
ornaments
fiderable
fign
frightful
vicioufly
de-
fedlive
164
247
churches
be
how
it
ought to
217
87
90
cloathing
190
T.
21
n^Jbernacle
"^
Theatre of Marcellus
70
Timpan
96
- Of the' Pediment
ThickneJJTes, too
72
great ought
to be avoided in buildings,
Hornby
Tomb
an
altar as a
tomb
218
of St. Denys
them
jj
way
227
model
Ibid,
That of St. Sulpitius
cellent
Thofe
228
that the Chevalier
agreeable
go
Entrance of Chatteau
very
162
Front towardi gardens
blamable
4^
Plan and
of
defcdive
178
Changes ought be
made
179
of
the
ill
Tryglifs,
Rome
when
230
they ought to
be retrenched
Their
42
regulations
^77
difpofed
the
decoration
the court,
that
in
is
to
it
Stables
plan
the palace
very
of
very bad
Views from
Situation
agreeable
125
the
caftle
155
the
palace
262
wild
the
Of
The
106
89
cients cutting
tive
V.
90
Perfected by Scamozzi 91
;
266
The
them
way
ot
37
remedying
1
47
167
Verfailksy
its
appartments
ml
J^^..'^"
.^"-,
r**-^*
f^