Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Multimeter
Data collector
Predefined setups
Standard measurement types
Machine & RPM sensitive
vibration measurements
Internal vibration evaluation
according to ISO 10816-3
User-defined threshold values
Pixel display
Illuminated sharp display
Intuitive user guide with
icons and menus
Joystick & operating keys
Easy one-hand operation
Left or right handed
Menu Button
Esc Button
Rechargeable batteries
8 hours capacity
Replaceable within 2 seconds
Socket for internal or external
charging
Rugged housing
IP 65 (dust & water)
Shock proof
Option: Intrinsically safe
(EEx em IIC T4)
Shaft Speed
Vibration
Temperature
Vibration
Trigger / RPM
Inductive
Optical
CLD [A/g]
ICP [100mV/g]
Acceleration [mV/ g]
Velocity [mV/inc/sec ]
Displacement [mV/mil]
Temperature
Thermocouple (NiCrNi)
Pt 100
Analog Signal
Output
Headphone
Voltage
(e.g. Oscilloscope)
Input
FUNDAMENTALS OF VIBRATION
Breakdown maintenance
+ Takes full advantage of entire lifetime
- Extensive damage
- Fire fighting (24h, 7 days/ week)
- Large supply of spare parts
- Long, unplanned shutdowns
Periodic service
3
Lifetime
Insufficient / poor maintenance
Replacement
Repair ?
Periodic service
3
Lifetime
Poor intervall
Good intervall
Periodic
service
Alarm
Warning
3
Lifetime
Proactive maintenance
+ Extended lifetime through troubleshooting
+ Condition dependent service
+ Condition monitoring of process and operation
- Condition Monitoring effort
Periodic service
Alarm
Warning
3
Lifetime
Monitoring Parameters
Standard Machineries :
Temperature
Output
Phase
Motor Current
Pressure
Speed
Vibration
Oil Quality
Turbo-machineries :
Casing Expansion
Eccentricity
Valve position
Differential Expansion
Rotor position
Temperature
X
Acoustic
X
Oil Analysis
X
Stator Component
defect resonance
Rotordefect
Belt
vibrations
Bearing
defect
Vibration
Raw Signal
Accelerometer
Coupling
Cable
Amp
Integrator
1x
High Pass
Filter
Amp
Low Pass
Filter
Detector
P-P or RMS
Display
Reading
Basics of Vibration
mm/s2
Acceleration
(180 deg phase lead)
(mm/s2)
S
Velocity,
v=a/2
f (mm/s)
mm/s
Displacement = a/4
2f 2
Velocity
(90 deg phase lead)
(mm)
S
mm
Displacement
Vibration Transducers
Accelerometer
Charge Type
Velocity
Transducer
Proximity Probes
Line Drive
Displacement
Shaft Riders
measures velocity
(mm/s)
measures displacement
(mm)
Radial Casing
Vibration
Radial Shaft
Vibration & Position
Axial Shaft
Vibration & Position
Frequency Range
Final Frequency range depends on sensor, sensor coupling, cables and Instrument
dB
30
Useful Frequency Range
10% limit -0.3f 3dB limit -0.5f
20
Relative Sensitivity
10
Frequency Response of Sensor
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
2Hz
10kHz 32kHz
Frequency [xf0]
Sensitivity
Frequency
Raw Signal
Accelerometer
Coupling
Cable
Amp
Integrator
1x, 2x
High Pass
Filter
Amp
Low Pass
Filter
Detector
P-P or RMS
AC
Output
Display
Reading
DC
Output
Hand held
probe
Magnetic holder
curved surfaces
VIB 6.12X
VIB 8.660
VIB 6.140
VIB 6.140
VIB 8.606
VIB
8.680
SET
VIB
8.685
SET
VIB 8.736
10
5
10k
36k
Hz
20k 36k
Hz
10
2
1k 2k
36k
Hz
2Hz
3kHz
Raw Signal
Accelerometer
Coupling
Cable
Amp
Integrator
1x, 2x
High Pass
Filter
Amp
Low Pass
Filter
Detector
P-P or RMS
AC
Output
Display
Reading
DC
Output
Raw Signal
Accelerometer
Coupling
Cable
Amp
Integrator
1x, 2x
High Pass
Filter
Amp
Low Pass
Filter
Detector
P-P or RMS
AC
Output
Display
Reading
DC
Output
Basics of Vibration
mm/s2
Acceleration
(180 deg phase lead)
Acceleration, a (mm/s2)
Velocity, v = a dt (mm/s)
Displacement, s = a dt
mm/s
Velocity
(90 deg phase lead)
mm
Displacement
Types of Filters
Types of filters:
High-Pass filters
Low-Pass filters
Bandpass filters
Raw Signal
Accelerometer
Coupling
Cable
Amp
Integrator
1x, 2x
High Pass
Filter
Amp
Low Pass
Filter
Detector
P-P or RMS
AC
Output
Display
Reading
DC
Output
xp
x pp
x rms
xm
t
Sample 1
Raw Machine
Signal
Sample 2
Filtering
Filtering
+
Detectors
Averaged Time Signal
Non synchronous signal will be averaged out.
Reduced vibration effect from nearby machine
90
180
90
axia l
270
N
2
180
270
r
veardi al
tica
l
90
N
1
18
0
18
0
N
2
axial
90d ial
ra
radial
27
0
axial
radial
a
di
ra
27
0
ra
ho dial
ri c
on
tal
Vibration Measurement
Pre-defined setups
for fast measurement
Intuitive operation
Easy operation
Standard machine
(e.g. motor) Gearbox
Rolling bearing
High speed
( n > 600 rpm)
Medium speed
( 120 < n < 600 rpm)
Low speed
(n < 120 rpm)
Standard machine
(e.g. motor) Gearbox
Rolling bearing
High speed
( n > 600 rpm)
Medium speed
( 120 < n < 600 rpm)
Low speed
(n < 120 rpm)
User-defined
Temperature
Process parameter
Alarm
Pre-defined
Bearing condition
Machine vibration
(e.g. ISO 10816-3)
Thresholds
B
A
ISO 10816
ISO 10816-3
11
0.44
7.1
0.28
4,5
0.18
3,5
0.11
2,8
0.07
2,3
0.04
1.4
0.03
0,71
0.02
mm/s rms
rigid
flexible
rigid
flexible
pumps > 15 kW
radial, axial, mixed flow
integrated driver
external driver
Group 4
Group 3
rigid
flexible
rigid
flexible
inch/s rms
Foundation
Machine Type
Group
A
B
C
D
newly commissioned
unrestricted long-term operation
restricted long-term operation
vibration causes damage
50
60
70
7
8
9
0
1
15
10
5
50
45
50
20
10
40
30
20
+
dB
short
20mA=Alarm
6
5
4
3
2
30
20
10
100
90
30
20
10
100
90
15
10
5
50
45
ALARM
open
-15dB=Warn
SV
WARN
Power
20
25 Delay Time
30
35 in seconds
40
100
mm/s (=100% =20mA)
short
40
50
60 %= ALARM
70
80
40
50
60 %= WARN
70
80
20
25
30 Delay Time
35 in seconds
40
open
Power
VIBREX
VIB 5.755 I
10 - 1000 Hz
VIB 5.756I
VIBREX
SENSOR
SYSTEM
More
Alarm
SIGNAL
Warn
s s s s s s
VIBRONET
Online
RS 232 C
Rx OK
Error
Tx OK
OK
RESET
Master No.
Mux
Mux
Mux
DIAGNOSE
Mux No.
String No.
Master
CONFIRM
Mux
Mux
Mux
Sensor No.
Mux
Mux
VIBRONET
Mux
Mux
MASTER
VIB 8.300
SENSOR
SYSTEM
More
Alarm
Warn
Quartz
Quartz
s2
s3
s1
OK
s2
RESET
Master No.
May
s5
Mux
Mux
Mux
VIBRONET
Mux
Mux
MASTER
VIB 8.300
mm/s
RMS
s1
No
s1
1 week
s2
mm/s
RMS
s1
No
s1
1 month
ENT
1 year
VIBROTIP /
VIBSCANNER
trending
alarm occurs
s1
No
mm/s
RMS
No
VIBROTIP /
VIBSCANNER
trending normal
operation
ENT
mm/s
RMS
s1
VIBRONET
Standalone
normal operation
ENT
s67
1 day
1997
s1
Sensor No.
Mux
Mux
ENT
s37
1 day
s1
Tx OK
July
Rx OK
DIAGNOSE
Mux
Mux
Mux
CONFIRM
Mux No.
String No.
Master
SIGNAL
RS 232 C
Error
s1
VIBROTIP /
GREENTIP
Predictive Maintenance
Start
Rules
+
Experience
NO
YES
Create
Ref.
Regular
Meas.
Compare
limits
Fault
Diagnostics
Input
m/c
specs
Create
New Ref. & Limits
Fault
correction
Setting of Alarms
Setting of Alarms
D
C
B
ISO limits
... not exceed 1.25x upper limit of zone C ie. 5.75 mm/s
4.5
... not exceed 1.25x upper limit of zone B ie. 3.5 mm/s
1.6x
2.8
2.6
Example B
ref. is high
2x
1.4
Example A
0.2
Time
Alarm Limit
Warning Limit
Warning Limit
Reference
Reference
Machine A
Machine B
Alarm Limit
Warning Limit
Machine A
Machine B
Time
Alarm Limit
Warning Limit
Machine A
Machine B
Time
80
40
-40
-80
0
mm/s
100
Trending (Level 1)
t (ms)
200
mm/s
Warning
B
A
Pre-Warning
Newly commissioned
Time
Frequency (Hz)
BEARING CONDITION
MEASUREMENT
Example:
bearing type 62222 C3
C3 = 0.05 mm
gap
Vc
Fcentrifugal, rolling
element
Vb
housing
v(fn)
Fdyn., rotor
shaft
Fstat, rotor
acceleration impulse
roller leaves load zone
breaking impulse
roller enters load zone
Hertz
surface pressure
vibration
contact
no air gap
wear
- lifetime expired
- overloading
- assembly /
manufacturing error
- greasing deficiency
shock pulses
wear
2 Damage to
rolling track
3 Contaminated
lubricant
lifetime expired
bearing overloaded
bearing under-loaded
greasing deficiency
shock pulses
damage
envelope
high variation in
shock pulse levels
and defect
frequencies
- greasing deficiency
- Under-loading
temperature
rises very late
shock pulses
air gap
5 Unround
deformation of
bearing race
- assembly error
- manufacturing defect
in shaft or bearing
housing
damage
frequencies
in envelope
dirt
6 Jammed loose
bearing
- in bearing housing
(sliding fit)
- mis-calculation of
housing design
fixed bearing
loose bearing
high vibration
increasing bearing
temperature
8 Installed at an
angle
9 Rolling bearing
clearance too small
- maintenance error
(quantity, interval)
- defective grease
grease drain
- assembly error
- assembly error at
bearing with taper sleeve
- shaft diameter to large to
inner race diameter
- got hot by friction after
greasing deficiency
Large temperature
Increase after greasing
Whistling
Bearing noise
Large temperature
increase after greasing
deficiency
dBsv
90
ideal
measurement
dBn
measurement location
with signal damping
dBm
dBm
dBc
dB c
dBi
0
0 dBia
-9
-9
dBsv = absolute shock pulse value
dB i = initial value
Basic normalised shock pulse value
function of RPM and shaft diameter
in
0 good
n - number of rolling
elements in contact
with damage
a - extent of damage to
rolling bearing component
1 very small
2 small
at
b
ac
3 medium
4 large
5 very large
CAVITATION MEASUREMENT
Cavitation Measurement
RPM MEASUREMENT
RPM Measurement
TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT
Temperature Measurement
PROCESS PARAMETERS
Visual inspection
User checks the level in
container B102; he clicks
the result in the list.
Manual input
Manual input
User reads the pressure
on the manometer, and
enters the value.
... enters a
comment.
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
OF VIBSCANNER
Data collection
Machine diagnosis
Adaptation
VIBSCANNER includes the diagnostic
task into the path
AutoSave function
Only in route/ path mode
Start measurement by
clicking on the icon
4 x 4 seconds
1-click-task-processing
LineSpeed mode
v: Line speed
Solution :
RPM calculation
ni= 2 v/di gi 60
Measurement point (n1)
Input in VIBSCANNER:
- Line speed v
v
Measurement point (n2)
Input in OMNITREND:
- Roller diameter d
- RPM ratio g
Balancing Capability
Key features
Machine symbols for 1-plane and 2plane balancing
Graphic user guide with instructions for
each balancing step
Different types of balancing
corrections: Degrees, fixed mass or
location, tape measure, negative
mass to be drilled out
L 4040
manual switch box
Automatic switch
VIB 5.446
Balancing report
Printing tool features:
Printing tool
PC software
Printout
on any printer
Time signal
Time-synchronous averaging
1. Measurement
2. Measurement
3. Measurement
Avarage measurements
Non-RPM-synch.
RPM-synch.
Non-RPM-synchronous
signal is dampened
Machine
load
Recordable
Overall values -> Trend
Spectra -> Waterfall
Measurement
Pause
Not recordable
Time signal
Manual input
Meas. with trigger input
(-> dBsv + RPM)
Start
Recorded spectra
are stored in a single
file
Stop
time
Upload to PC
Sequential orbit
transmitter
Y: displ. probe
X: displ. probe
transmitter
Trigger
Shaft
Orbit (unfiltered)
Y signal
Upload to PC
Delay
(sequential
measurement)
Orbit in OMNITREND
Alignment capabilities
Alignment readings
in 3 smart steps
1: Enter dimensions
Optional 'Alignment'
module features
Aligns horizontal & vertical machines
Aligns coupled & uncoupled shafts
Aligns machine trains
2: Take measurements
Alignment
Balance limited
VIB 5.489
Basic
Signal analysis*
FFT analysis*
VIBSCANNER balancer
*Firmware 'Basic'
must be registered
Firmware
Alignment
Basic
VIB 5.480
VIBSCANNER standard
Balance
Signal analysis
FFT analysis
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
VIBSCANNER instrument
Probes & sensors
Cables
Charger
OMNITREND CD ROM
Instruction manual
VIB 5.429