Arnett, A. (2014).

Insta-Student: Technology has altered the attitude and learning style of the
millennial student. Retrieved from www.diverseeducation.com
Autumn Arnett looks at how social media usage has affected student's educational experience
and how teachers respond to the changing adolescent attitudes. The central thesis of the paper
analyzes how the instantaneous nature of social media and the growing expectations of
"everyone getting a trophy" influences how students are weaker in classroom performance and
general life expectations. This supports the assumption that social media plays a negative role in
how teenagers view their own abilities and how that sense of superiority transfers into the
classroom. The article also connects many aspects of the evolution of "twenty-first century
classrooms" to accommodations for the less capable twenty-first century student." The
acknowledgement of these changes speaks to the obsessive and detrimental effects of the age of
media dependence.

Bindley, K. (2015). Words for Teenagers: Advice from 1950s featured in school newsletter goes
viral. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/14/words-for-teenagersjudge-advice_n_1776337.html
In a 1959 newspaper, college professor John Tapene submitted an article to the newspaper
offering advice to teenagers. Though written nearly 60 years ago, it did not become viral until
around 2010. In the 1950s, it was fairly controversial, as the country was just entering the
Vietnam War and was right in the middle of the Cold War. However, as the decades progressed, it
has become more applicable to teens than ever. Though not dealing with issues from a war-torn
country, it does still touch on details of adolescent ambivalence towards greater contribution to
society. The column supports that teens are often unable to responsibly and correctly make said

changes, and instead result to rash decisions - such as taking to social media - to get their voices
heard without actually following through on an impact.

Chaffey, D. (2016) Global social media research summary 2016. Retrieved from
http://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/new-globalsocial-media-research/
This graph depicts the steady rise in American social media usage from 2005 to 2015. Over the
10 year span, there has been an increase in networking overall, especially from 2006 to 2009.
Part of the hypothesis as to why entitlement has increased includes more use of media
encouraging instant gratification and online "facades" to garner support not typically granted in
person. The increased use - nearly 75% of Americans now use media - has obviously drastically
changed society and culture, even just in the past decade, and is one of the most tangible
correlations between narcissism and entitlement and cultural implications of such.

College Board and Art & Science Group (2007). Parent Involvement in College Planning: High
school students want parents to be more involved in college planning. Retrieved from
http://www.artsci.com/studentpoll/v6n1/index.aspx
This graph shows polling totals from a survey of college students used in an article to analyze the
affects of "helicopter parenting." Most notably, 26% of parents are involved in high school
courses, 16% spend time doing homework, 31% are involved in career choices, and 51% "help"
with college related tasks. While some of these are understandable, such high levels of parental
involvement only contributes to teenagers feeling as if there is always someone to "bail them
out" and make sure that they are able to accomplish what they desire. When children are not

required to do things on their own, they become even more coddled and even more unable to
cope with "real world" issues on their own. Parents should teach their children to individually
cope with hardships, even if this means they may fail sometimes. The shortcomings create less of
an entitlement complex as one must learn to not achieve before they can humbly accept success.

Hilchey, J. (2014). The Rise of Entitlementality. Retrieved from

http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/The-Rise-of-Entitlementality-Jo
Entitlement in teens isn't a new concept - it is innately ingrained that we feel like we should be in
control of situations, regardless of whether we actually should be or not. Joel Hilchey, a
motivational speaker at McMaster University, has studied the entitlement complex in people,
teenagers specifically, that he deems "entitlementality." In this TED Talk, he defines several
facets of entitlement that we experience every single day, whether we are aware of it or not. The
talk supports that entitlement has been on the rise over the past several years and continues to
affect how teenagers approach their daily lives. Using the talk as an introduction to the project
establishes the basis of entitlement complexes that will be explored throughout the rest of the
research and project conclusion.

Kremer, W. (2013). Does confidence really breed success? Retrieved from

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20756247
The graph shows data from a study conducted by the American Freshman Survey, a research
group that conducts studies on students from secondary schools and universities around the
country. Since 1966, when the study on teenage self-infatuation began, roughly 9 million
adolescents have taken the survey. Psychologist Jean Twenge and her colleagues compiled the

data and found that over the past four decades, there has been a dramatic number in the students
who describe themselves as being "above average" in academic ability, drive to achieve,
mathematical ability, and self-confidence. Yet, in traits that are less individualistic cooperativeness, understanding others, and spirituality - numbers either stayed constant or
decreased over the same period. This supports the hypothesis that as technology and cultural
advancements increase, self-confidence increases as well, which leads towards elevated feelings
of entitlement.

Malikhao, P., Servaes, J. (2011). The media use of American youngsters in the age of narcissism
Surviving in a 24/7 media shock and awe distracted by everything. Retrieved from
www.elsevier.com/locate/tele
Patchanee Malikhao and Jan Servaes summarized a theory on teenage entitlement, drawing from
previous studies and including analysis of the results through the lens of increasing narcissistic
attitudes. It is divided into several sections, some involving direct effects of increased media
usage and others related to indirect results of exposure to modern entertainment. The thesis
argues that a "post-modern culture industry" and "commodification" increases views of
individualism, which then increase inflated views of oneself. The fact that "4 in 5 people around
the world view the internet as a fundamental right" and a survey finding that "those who are less
content [with themselves] spend more time on media" are particularly relevant to developing a
conclusion that social media is used as a way to elevate one's sense of self more than in an age of
less universal connection.

Ogneva, M. (2011). The Cult of Entitlement. Retrieved from

http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/cult-entitlement
While less scholarly than other sources, this article reflection hits some key points regarding how
social media has lowered some barriers for self-promotion via online gratification. The author
argues that the lack of human connection provides a basis for heightened self-confidence and
increases individualism. While beneficial in launching businesses and a can do attitude, these
aspects do cause higher views of entitlement and deservingness in the wake of constant
interaction with others. This source supports the idea that the greater dependence on social media
raises self and social expectations to the point where attitude becomes entitled and/or narcissistic.

Pickhardt, C. (2012). Adolescence and Entitlement: Because adolescence encourages

entitlement, mutuality must be taught. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/surviving-your-childsadolescence/201203/adolescence-and-entitlement
Discusses the ways in which children and teenagers develop a sense of entitlement based on the
culture of reinforcement of behaviors from parents. This article differs from the others in how it
places more fault on the societal changes in parenting in how children view their place in the
world, rather than blaming how children view their own abilities. This universal view of cultural
implications of entitlement supports the concept of the twenty-first century having an impact on
feelings of entitlement and provides a basis of analysis for how different community standards
affect students and families.

Rothman, A., Steil, J. (2012). Adolescent Attachment and Entitlement in a World of Wealth.
Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2012.650002
Allison Rothman and Janice Steil attempted to make some psychologically concrete connection
between affluence and entitlement. Using a scale of "healthy to narcissistic" entitlement, they
analyzed various aspects of wealth and attachment and how those factors relate to entitlement
from the social psychological perspective. Attachment was measured through trust,
communication, and alienation in peer and parental interactions. The studies concluded that low
attachment generally caused more narcissistic entitlement, which was also associated with less
wealth. Thus, attachment was found to be more of a factor of entitlement than the perceived
stereotypes of affluence.