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Footing
Design
i
Types of Footing
Wall footings are used to
support structural walls that
carry loads for other floors
or to support nonstructural
walls.
Types of Footing
Isolated or single footings
are used to support single
columns. This is one of the
most economical types of
footings and is used when
columns are spaced at
relatively long distances.
Types of Footing
Combined footings usually
support two columns, or
three columns not in a row.
Combined footings are used
when two columns are so
close that single footings
cannot be used or when one
col mn is located at or near
column
a property line.
Types of Footing
Cantilever or strap footings
consist of two single
footings connected with a
beam or a strap and support
two single columns. This
type replaces a combined
footing and is more
economical.
economical
Types of Footing
Continuous footings
support a row of three or
more columns. They have
limited width and continue
under all columns.
Types of Footing
Rafted or mat foundation
consists of one footing
usually placed under the
entire building area. They
are used, when soil bearing
capacity
it is
i low,
l
column
l
loads are heavy single
footings cannot be used,
piles are not used and
differential settlement must
be reduced.
Types of Footing
Pile caps are thick slabs
used to tie a group of piles
together to support and
transmit column loads to the
piles.
Ps
qall ( net )
6
.
75
m
200 103
I 3.5122.5 8.9m 4
Check stress
3
M 150
e
183.7 kPa
A
I
8.75
8 .9
Ps M s C 1350 150 32.5
124.7 kPa
A
I
8.75
8.9
124.7
183 7
183.7
Ultimate p
pressure under footingg
245kPa
A
I
8.75
8 .9
Pu M u C 1800 200 32.5
166kPa
8 .9
A
I
8.75
245
166
245
25
530 2500 / 1000 828.13kN
6
567.5kN
VU VC
3.5m
245
166
P1 211(1.5)(2.5) 791.25kN
P2 12 (245 211)(1.5)(2.5) 63.75kN
245
25
2 106 * 657.2
657 2
0.85 *
1 - 1 0.00254
2
0.90.8525 * 530 * 2500
420
AS 0.00254 530 1000 1346mm 2 13.5cm 2 use 716 / m long
g direction
2 5m
2.5m
Short direction
M U at d from column face
245 166
1 3.50.5 719.25kN .m
MU
2
b 3500, d 530mm
245
25
2 106 * 719.25
0.85 *
1 - 1 0.002
2
420
0.90.85
0 8525 * 530 * 3500
AS 0.002 530 1000 1060mm 2 10.1cm 2
245
166
short direction
3.5
1.4
2.5
2
2
0.83
1 2.4
214
716/m
714/m
214
Footing Design
Part II
C bi d ffooting
Combined
ti
Example 1
Design a combined footing As shown
qall ( net ) 20t / m 2 200kPa
f c 25 N mm 2
f y 420 N mm 2
Dimension calculation
Th base
The
b
dimension
di
i to get uniform
if
di
distributed
ib d lload
d
2000kN
800 kN
1200 kN
x1=0.2m
x2=6.2m
x
800(0.2)+1200(6.2)=2000(x)
x = 3.8m
800 kN
1200 kN
Try thickness
=80cm
2x =7.6 m
Area required
Ps
qall ( net )
2000 103
2
10
m
7.6 *1.8
3
200 10
Pu 2600103
qu
1.13m
0.765
VC 2 s c bo d 0.75 2
b 12
2260 12
VC
oK
K
B
bo 4(730 400) 4520mm
fc '
25
VC
730 4520 / 1000 4124.4kN
bo d 0.75
3
3
s d fc '
40 730
25
VC 2
bo d 0.75 2
730 4520 / 1000 13322.5kN
b
12
4520
12
oK
direction
ve M 1366kN .m
b 1800mm, d 730mm
25
2 106 *1366
0.85 *
0.0039
1 - 1 2
420
0.90.8525 * 730 *1800
AS 0.0039 730 1000 2847mm 2 28.5cm 2 use 9 20 / m Top
ve M 246.7kN .m
b 1800mm, d 730mm
25
2 106 * 246.7
0.85 *
0.0007 min
1 - 1 2
420
0.90.8525 * 730 *1800
AS min 0.0018 800 1000 1440mm 2 14.4cm 2 use 716 / m Bottom
B tt
direction
Under Column A
1040
0.765 1.8 0.4
141.6
(1.8 * 0.765)
2
2
b 765mm, d 730mm
2
25
2 106 *141.6
0.85 *
min
1 - 1 2
420
0.90.8525 * 730 * 765
AS min 0.0018 800 765 1101.6mm 2 11cm 2 use 714 / m
Under Column B
1560
1.13 1.8 0.4
M
212.33
(1.8 *1.13)
2
2
b 1130mm, d 730mm
2
25
2 106 * 212.33
0.85 *
1 - 1 min
2
0.90.8525 * 730 *1130
420
AS min 0.0018 800 765 1101.6mm 2 11cm 2 use 714 / m
Footing
g Design
g
Part III
Combined footing, strip footing, & Mat foundation
Example 2
Design a combined footing As shown
qall ( net ) 18 t / m 2 180kPa
f c 25 N mm 2
f y 420 N mm 2
Dimension calculation
The base dimension to get uniform distributed load
1200 kN
1950kN
750 kN
750(4.2)+1200(0.2)
750(4
2)+1200(0 2)=1950
1950 (x)
x = 1.75m
x1=0.2m
x2=4.2
m
x
B1 2 B2 L
x
B1 B2 3
Area required
qall ( net ) 20t / m 2 200kPa,
Ag
Ps
qall ( net )
1950 103
2
10
.
8
m
180 103
B1 B2
L 10.8
2
B1 B2
4.35 10.8
2
B1 B2
2.5
2
B1 B2 5
B 2 B2 L 5 B2 4.35
x 1
B
3
5
3
2
1
1.75 1.45 0.29 B2
B2 1m
B1 4 m
Pu 1.31950 103
qu
A
bo 2(732) 1065 2590mm
B2 1
B2=1m
B1=4m
fc '
25
bo d 0.75
665 2590 / 1000 2160.4kN
3
3
d f '
30 665
25
VC 2 s c bo d 0.75 2
b 12
2590 12
VC
oK
K
B
bo 2(633) 965 2231 mm
fc '
25
VC
bo d 0.75
665 2231 / 1000 1854.5kN
3
3
sd fc '
30 665
25
VC 2
bo d 0.75 2
665 2231 / 1000 5273kN
b
12
2231
12
oK
Draw S
S.F.D
FD & B
B.M.D
MD
m
Convert trapezoidal load to rectangle
wave 235 23 (940 235) 705
M max
wl
7053.65
1174 kN .m
8
8
2
Mmax
Y=1.5m
4m
1m
direction
b 1 2( 24..25
35 ) 1.5 2.60m 2600
2 106 *1260
25
0.85 *
1 - 1 0.003
2
420
0.90.8525 * 665 * 2600
AS 0.003 665 1000 1995mm 2 20cm 2 use 1016 / m Top
Bottom
direction
Under Column A
b' 1 2( 34..62
35 ) 1.5 3.5m 3500mm
b' 1 2( 04.633
.35 ) 1.5 1.44m 1440mm
3.5 4
m 3.75m 3750mm
2
1560
0.733 3.75 0.4
583.6
(3.75 * 0.733)
2
2
d 665mm
2
25
2 106 * 583.57
0.85 *
1 - 1 0.005
2
420
0.90.8525 * 665 * 733
AS 0.005 665 733 3325mm 2 33cm 2 use 10 20
Under Column B
b
1.44 1
m 1.22m 1220mm
2
975
0.633 1.22 0.3
84.6
(1.22 * 0.633)
2
2
b 633mm, d 665mm
2
25
2 106 * 84.6
0.85 *
1 - 1 min
2
420
0.90.8525 * 665 * 633
AS min 0.0018 750 633 854.6mm 2 8.6cm 2 use 614
Reinforcement details
f c 25 N mm 2
f y 420 N mm 2
Dimension calculation
The base dimension to get uniform distributed load
800 kN
1280 kN
3040kN
960 kN
Assume
L1=0.6
x1=5.2m
x
x2=10 7m
x2=10.7m
800(0.6)+1280(5.1)+960(10.6)=
800(0
6)+1280(5 1)+960(10 6)
3040 (x)
x = 5.65m,
2(x)=11.3m
L2=11.3 - (10.6)=0.7
L2
Ps
qall ( net )
3040 103
2
16
.
9
m
11.3m 1.8m
3
180 10
Pu 1.33040 103
qu
Example
B
bo 4(630 400)) 4120mm
fc '
25
VC
bo d 0.75
630 4120 / 1000 3244.5kN
3
3
s d fc '
40 630
25
VC 2
bo d 0.75 2
630 4120 / 1000 6584kN
b
12
4120
12
oK
direction
ve M 1366kN .m
b 1800mm, d 730mm
25
2 106 *1365
0.85 *
1 - 1 0.0053
2
420
0.90.8525 * 630 *1800
AS 0.0053 630 1000 3362mm 2 33.6cm 2 use 9 22 / m Top
ve M 246.7 kN .m
b 1800mm, d 730mm
25
2 106 * 81
0.85 *
1 - 1 mini
2
420
0.90.8525 * 730 *1800
AS min 0.0018 700 1000 1260mm 2 12.6cm 2 use 814 / m Bottom
Design Short
Reinforcement details
Mat Foundation
The image part with relationship ID rId5 was not found in the file.
The image part with relationship ID rId6 was not found in the file.
Rf 2
G
General
l Example,
E
l Ref.
Modified load