Do An Tong Quan Thang May PDF

n tt nghip
Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi
MC LC
Mc lc ..................................................................................................................... 1
Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my .............................................. 3
I. Gii thiu thang my ...................................................................................... 3
II. Phn loi thang my ...................................................................................... 6
1. Phn loi theo chc nng .............................................................................. 6
2. Phn loi theo tc dch chuyn. ................................................................ 6
3. Phn loi theo ti trng .................................................................................. 7
4. Phn loi theo v tr t b ko ti ............................................................... 7
5. Theo h thng vn hnh. .............................................................................. 7
III.
Trang thit b c kh ca thang my ........................................................... 8
1. Tng th c kh thang my ........................................................................... 8
2. Thit b lp t trong bung my ................................................................... 8
3. Thit b lp trong ging thang my .............................................................. 10
4. Thit b lp t trong h ging thang my .................................................. 10
5. Cc thit b c nh trong ging thang ......................................................... 11
5.1 Ray dn hng ..................................................................................... 11
5.2 Gim chn ............................................................................................. 11
6. Cabin v cc thit b lin quan ..................................................................... 11
6.1 Khung cabin ........................................................................................... 11
6.2 Ngm dn hng.................................................................................. 11
6.3 H thng treo ca bin ............................................................................... 12
6.4 Bung cabin .......................................................................................... 12
6.5 H thng ca cabin v ca tng .......................................................... 12
7. H thng cn bng trong thang my............................................................. 12
7.1 i trng ................................................................................................ 13
7.2 Xch v cp cn bng ........................................................................... 13
7.3 Cp nng ................................................................................................ 13
7.4 B ko ti .............................................................................................. 14
8. Thit b an ton c kh ............................................................................... 14
8.1 Phanh hm in t : ............................................................................... 14
8.2 Phanh bo him : .................................................................................. 14
9. Cm bin v tr ............................................................................................. 15
IV. H thng mch in ca thang my ......................................................... 18
1. Mch ng lc: ........................................................................................... 18
2. Mch iu khin: ........................................................................................ 18
3. Mch tn hiu: ............................................................................................ 18
4. Mch chiu sng: ........................................................................................ 18
5. Mch an ton: ............................................................................................. 18
Chng II: kho st c tnh ca thang my v cc yu cu iu khin............. 19
I. Kho st c im ca thang ....................................................................... 19
II. Tnh chn cng sut ng c chuyn ng thang my ............................... 22
III.
Cc h truyn ng dng trong thang my ............................................... 26
IV. c im c trng cho ch lm vic ca h truyn ng thang my
27
V.
nh hng ca tc , gia tc v git i vi h truyn ng thang
my 27
Svth: Don Hong Mai
Lp: Trang b in-in t K44
n tt nghip
VI. Dng chnh xc bung thang.................................................................... 29

VII. h bin tn ng c v h thng iu khin pLc ................................... 33
1. s khi ca h bin tn ng c ........................................................... 33
2. Gii thiu v bin tn 3g3mv ca omron .................................................... 33
1.1 t vn . ............................................................................................ 33
1.2 Tng quan v bin tn 3G3MV v chc nng hot ng. ................... 34
2 ....................................................................................................................... 35
2.1 ................................................................................................................. 35
VIII. ..................................................................................................................... 35
chng III: xy dng h thng iu khin v lp trnh iu khin thang my .... 35
I. Phng php m t mch trnh t .................................................................. 35
II. Tng hp mch trnh t .................................................................................. 38
III.
Xy dng cc khi chc nng chnh ca thang ........................................... 38
1. Xc nh cc yu cu phc v v lu gi cc yu cu ..................... 39
2. bi ton xc nh v tr hin ti ca bung thang. .................................. 40
3. Bi ton xc nh hnh trnh hin ti ca bung thang(ang nng hay
ang h). .......................................................................................................... 40
4. Nng h bung thang ................................................................................ 40
5. iu khin dng bung thang.................................................................. 40
6. Bi ton ng m ca .............................................................................. 43
7. Bi ton iu khin n v qut bung thang. ....................................... 46
8. Bi ton x l cc s c xy ra i vi thang. ........................................ 46
IV. PLC ............................................................................................................... 46
2.2 s tng qut ca PLC. ...................................................................... 47
2.3 Cu trc b nh ca CPU. ..................................................................... 50
2.4 Vng qut chng trnh. ....................................................................... 52
2.4 K thut lp trnh. .................................................................................. 53
2.5 Ngn ng lp trnh. ............................................................................... 56
V. ............................................................................................................................. 57
chng IV: xy dng m hnh m phng thang my ............................................ 57
I. Xc nh cc vn s m phng ................................................................... 57
II. Xy dng kt cu cho m hnh m phng ....................................................... 57
III.
Xy dng k hoch m phng v kim nghim trn thc t. ..................... 57
Svth: Don Hong Mai
n tt nghip
CHNG I: NGHIN CU PHN TCH CU TRC THANG MY

I.
GII THIU THANG MY
Thang my l thit b vn ti dng ch ngi v hng ho theo phng thng
ng hoc nghing mt gc nh hn 150 so vi phng thng ng theo mt tuyn
nh sn.Thang my v my nng c s dng rng ri trong cc ngnh sn xut
ca nn kinh t quc dn nh trong ngnh khai thc hm m,trong ngnh xy
dng,luyn kim,cng nghip nh nhng ni thang my v my nng c s
dng vn chuyn hng ho,sn phm,a cng nhn ti ni lm vic c cao
khc nhauN thay th cho sc lc ca con ngi v mang li nng sut
cao.Hnh dng tng th ca thang my c gii thiu ti hnh 1.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
n tt nghip
Hnh 1.1 : hnh dng tng th ca thang my

Trong sinh hot dn dng,thang my c lp t v s dng rng ri trong
cc to nh cao tng,trong cc khch sn,siu th,cng s v trong cc bnh
vin.H thng thang my gip con ngi tit kim c nhiu thi gian v sc
lc
Nhiu quc gia trn th gii quy nh i vi cc to nh cao trn 6 tng tr ln
phi c trang b thang my m bo cho ngi i li thun tin,tit kim thi
gian v tng nng sut lao ng.Gi thnh ca thang my trang b cho cng trnh so
vi tng gi thnh cng trnh chim khong 6% n 7% l hp l.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
n tt nghip
Vit Nam trc y thang my ch yu c s dng trong cc ngnh cng

nghip ch hng ho v t c ph bin.Nhng trong giai on hin nay vi s
pht trin mnh m ca nn kinh t quc dn v i sng nhn dn ngy cng nng
cao,vic s dng thang my trong mi lnh vc ngy cng tng ln.
Ph ti ca thang my thay i trong mt phm vi rt rng ,n ph thuc vo
lng hnh khc i li trong mt ngy m v hng vn chuyn hnh khch.Nh
thang my lp t trong nh hnh chnh,bui sng u gi lm vic hnh khch i
nhiu theo chiu ln.cn bui chiu ,cui gi lm vic,hnh khch s i theo chiu
xung nhiu.
Thang my l mt thit b vn chuyn i hi tnh an ton nghim ngt ,n lin
quan trc tip n ti sn v tnh mng con ngi ,v vy yu cu chung i vi h
thng thang my khi thit k ,ch to ,lp t ,vn hnh,s dng v sa cha l phi
tun th mt cch nghim ngt cc yu cu k thut an ton c quy nh trong cc
tiu chun, quy trnh, quy phm.
Thang my ch c cabin p ,sang trng,thng thong , m du th cha iu
kin a vo s dng m cn phi y cc thit b an ton, m bo tin cy
nh: in chiu sng d phng khi mt in,in thoi ni b(interphone), chung
bo,b hm bo him, an ton cabin(i trng), cng tc an ton ca ca cabin,kho
an ton ca tng, b cu h khi mt ngun in
La chn thang my khng ch n thun xem xt cc vn k thut m cn
phi xem xt c cc yu t kinh t .Hin nhin cng nhiu thang my c ti nh mc
ln,tc nh mc cao,h iu khin cng hin i th cng to iu kin thun li
cho khch hng s dng cng nh rt ngn thi gian ch i,gim thi gian i tc
nh mc,mt mt i hi vn u t cho thang ln,mt khc lm tng din tch
chim ch,tng chi ph xy dng cho ging thangNh vy iu kin thun li cho
hnh khch v vn u t lun l hai ch tiu t l nghch vi nhau.Qu trnh la
chn thang my chnh l qu trnh xc nh s thang,tnh nng k thut ca thang (ti
,tc nh mc,phng php iu khin),cc kch thc c bn ca thang v v
tr t thang ph hp vi c im ,mc ch s dng ca to nh vi vn u t chp
nhn c.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
n tt nghip
i vi nh s dng nhiu thang, bn cnh vic chn tnh nng k thut cn phi
b tr chng thnh nhm sao cho hp l tn dng nng sut ti u ca thang cng
nh to thun li cho khch.
i vi cc to nh cao tng c lng hnh khch cn vn chuyn ln ngi ta
thng chi thang my ra lm cc nhm ring phc v cc thnh phn khc nhau theo
chiu cao ca to nh.Cc thang my cc nhm khc nhau c th c tnh nng k
thut khc nhau,thng cc thang phc v cho cc tng cao c tI v tc nh mc
ln hn cc thang phc v phn thp hn.
II. PHN LOI THANG MY
Tu thuc vo tnh cht,chc nng ca thang my.Thang my c th phn loi
thnh rt nhiu loi tu thuc vo cc tnh cht.v d nh phn loi theo h dn ng
cabin,theo v tr t b ko ti,theo h thng vn hnh,theo cng dng.di y l
mt s phn loi:
1. Phn loi theo chc nng

+ Thang my ch ngi
Gia tc cho php c quy nh theo cm gic ca hnh khch :Gia tc ti u l
a< 2m/s2
Thang my dng trong cc to nh cao tng : loi ny c tc trung bnh
hoc ln,i hi vn hnh m,an ton v c tnh m thut
Thang my dng trong bnh vin:Phi m bo rt an ton,s ti u v m
khi dch chuyn,thi gian dch chuyn ,tnh u tin ng theo cc yu cu ca bnh
vin..
Thang my dng trong cc hm m ,x nghip:p ng c cc iu c
cc iu kin lm vic nng n trong cng nghip nh tc ng ca mI trng lm
vic: m,nhit ,thi gian lm vic,s n mn
+ Thang my ch hng
c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip,trong kinh doanhN i hi cao v
vic dng chnh xc bung thang my m bo cho vic vn chuyn hng ho ln
xung thang my c d dng thun tin
2. Phn loi theo tc dch chuyn.

Thang my tc thp : v < 1 m/s
Svth: Don Hong Mai
n tt nghip
Thang my tc trung bnh: v= 1 2,5 m/s. Thng dng cho cc

nh c s tng t 6 12 tng.
Thang my tc cao:v =2,5 4 m/s. Thng dng cho cc nh c s
tng mt >16 tng.
Thang my tc rt cao(Siu tc) : v = 5m/s. Thng dng trong cc

to thp cao tng.
3. Phn loi theo ti trng

Thang my loi nh :Q < 500 Kg.Hay dng trong th vin,trong cc
nh hng n ung vn chuyn sch hoc thc phm
Thang my loi trung bnh : Q = 500 1000 Kg.
Thang my loi ln : Q = 1000 1600 kg.
Thang my loi rt ln Q > 1600 Kg.
4. Phn loi theo v tr t b ko ti

i vi thang my in
Thang my c b ko ti t pha trn ging thang.
Thang my c b ti ko t di ging thang .
i vi thang my dn ng cabin ln xung bng bnh rng thanh rng th b ti dn
ng t ngay trn nc cabin.
i vi thang my thu lc : Bung t ti tng trt .
5. Theo h thng vn hnh.

a) Theo mc d t ng :
+ loi na t ng
+ loi t ng ;
b ) theo t hp iu khin :
+ iu khin n ;
+ iu khin kp ;
+ iu khin theo nhm ;
c ) theo v tr iu khin :
+ iu khin trong cabin ;
+ iu khin ngoi cabin ;
+ iu khin c trong v ngoi cabin ;
Svth: Don Hong Mai
n tt nghip
I.
II.
III. TRANG THIT B C KH CA THANG MY
1. Tng th c kh thang my
Cc thit b chnh ca thang my gm c : bung thang ,ti nng, cp treo
bung thang, i trng, ng c truyn ng, phanh hm in t v cc thit b iu
khin khc.
Tt c cc thit b ca thang my c trong ging bung thang (khong
khng gian t trn ca tng cao nht n mc su nht ca tng 1), trong bung my
(trn sn tng cao nht ) v h bung thang (di mc sn tng 1). B tr c thit b
ca mt thang my c biu din trn hnh 1.2.
Cc thit b thang gm c : 1. ng c in ; 2. Puli ; 3. Cp treo; 4. B hn
ch tc ; 5.Bung thang ; 6. Thanh dn hng ;7. H thng i trng ; 8. Tr c
nh ; 9. Puli dn hng ; 10. cp lin ng ; 11. Cp cp in ; 12. ng c ng
m ca bung thang.
2. Thit b lp t trong bung my

+ C cu nng
Trong bung my lp t h thng ti nng h bung thang (c cu nng) 1
(trn hnh 1.2) to ra lc ko chuyn ng bung thang v i trng.
C cu nng gm c cc b phn sau : b phn ko cp (puli hoc tang qun
cp ), hp gim tc , phanh hm in t v ng c truyn ng. Tt c cc b
phn trn c lp t trn tm bng thp. Trong thang my thng dng hai c
cu nng (hnh 1.3) :
-
c cu nng c hp tc (hnh 1.3 a)
c cu nng khng dng hp tc (hnh 1.3 b).
C cu nng khng c hp tc thng c s dng trong cc thang my

tc cao.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
n tt nghip
+ T in : trong t in lp rp cu dao tng, cu ch cc loi, cng tc t v

cc loi rle trung gian.
+ Puli dn hng 2 (hnh 1.2).
Hnh 1.2 :cc thit b c kh lp trong thang.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
n tt nghip
+ B phn hn ch tc 4 (hnh 1.2) lm vic phi hp vi phanh bo him

bng cp lin ng 10 hn ch tc di chuyn ca bung thang
3. Thit b lp trong ging thang my

+ Bung thang : Trong qu trnh lm vic, bung thang 5 (hnh 1.2) di chuyn
trong ging thang my dc theo cc thanh dn hng 6 (hnh 1.2). Trn nc bung
thang c lp t phanh bo him, ng c truyn ng ng - m ca bung thang 12
(hnh 1.2). Trong bung thang lp t h thng nt bm iu khin, h thng n bo,
n chiu sng bung thang, cng tc lin ng vi sn ca bung thang v in thoi
ln lc vi bn ngoi trong trng hp thang my mt in. Cung cp in cho bung
thang bng dy cp mm 11 (hnh 1.2).
+ H thng cp treo 3 (hnh 1.2) l h thng cp hai nhnh mt u ni vi
bung thang u cn li ni vi i trng 7 cng vi puli dn hng .
+ Trong ging ca thang my cn lp t cc b cm bin v tr dng
chuyn i tc ng c, dng bung thang mi tng v hn ch hnh trnh nng
h ca thang my.
4. Thit b lp t trong h ging thang my

Trong h ging thang my lp t h thng gim xc 8 (hnh 1.2) l h thng
gim xc dng l xo v gim xc thu lc trnh s va p ca bung thang v i
trng xung sn ca ging thang my trong trng hp cng tc hnh trnh hn ch
hnh trnh di chuyn xung b s c (khng hot ng).
Svth: Don Hong Mai
10
n tt nghip
Hnh 1.3 : C cu nng thang

III.
5. Cc thit b c nh trong ging thang

5.1 Ray dn hng
Ray dn hng c lp t dc theo ging thang dn hng cho cabin v i
trng chuyn ng dc theo ging thang. Ray dn hng m bo cho cabin v i
trng lun nm v tr thit k ca chng trong ging thang v khng b dch chuyn
theo phng nm ngang trong qu trnh chuyn ng. Ngoi ra ray dn hng cn
phi cng vng trng lng ca cabin v ti trng trong cabin ta ln dn
hng cng cc thnh phn ti trng ng khi b hm bo him lm vic (trong
trng hp b t cp hoc cabin i xung vi tc ln hn gi tr cho php).
5.2 Gim chn

Gim chn c lp t di y h thang dng v cabin v i trng trong
trng hp cabin hoc i trng chuyn ng xung di vt qu b tr t ca cng
tc hnh trnh cui cng. Gim chn phi c cao ln khi caibin hoc i
trng t ln n th c khong trng cn thit pha di ph hp cho ngi c trch
nhim thc hin kim tra, iu chnh, sa cha.
6. Cabin v cc thit b lin quan

Cabin l b phn mang ti ca thang my.Cabin phi c kt cu sao cho c th
tho ri n thnh tng b phn nh.Theo cu to,cabin gm 2 phn:kt cu chu
lc(khung cabin) v cc vch che, trn, sn to thnh bung cabin.Trn khung cabin
c lp cc ngm dn hng, h thng treo cabin, h thng tay n v b hm bo
him, h thng ca v c cu ng m ca.Ngoi ra,cabin ca thang my ch
ngi phi m bo cc yu cu v thng gi, nhit v nh sng.
6.1 Khung cabin

Khung cabin l phn xng sng ca cabin thang my. c cu to bng cc
thanh thp chu lc ln. Khung cabin phi m bo cho thit k chu ti nh mc.
6.2 Ngm dn hng

Ngm dn hng c tc dng dn hng cho cabin v i trng chuyn ng dc
theo ray dn hng v khng ch dch chuyn ngang ca cabin v i trng trong
ging thang khng vt qu gi tr cho php. C hai loi ngm dn hng : ngm
trt(bc trt) v ngm con ln.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
11
n tt nghip
6.3 H thng treo ca bin

Do cabin v i trng c treo bng nhiu si cp ring bit cho nn phi c h
thng treo m bo cho cc si cp nng ring bit c cng nh nhau.Trong
trng hp ngc li ,si cp chu lc cng ln nht s b qu ti cn si cp chng
s trt trn rnh puly ma st nn rt nguy him.Ngoi ra ,do c si chng si cng
nn cc rnh cp trn puly ma st s b mn khng u.V vy m h thng treo cabin
phi c trang b thm tip im in ca mch an ton ngt in dng thang khi
mt trong cc si cp chng qu mc cho php phng nga tai nn.Khi thang
ch c th hot ng c khi iu chnh cng ca cc cp nh nhau.H thng
treo cabin c lp t vi dm trn khung ng trong h thng chu lc ca cabin.
6.4 Bung cabin

Bung cabin l mt kt cu c th tho ri c gm trn, sn v vch cabin.Cc
phn ny c lin kt vi nhau v lin kt vi khung chu lc ca cabin.Bung cabin
phi m bo c cc yu cu cn thit v mt k thut cng nh mt m thut
6.5 H thng ca cabin v ca tng

Ca cabin v ca tng l nhng b phn c vai tr rt quan trong trong vic m
bo an ton v c nh hng ln n cht lng, nng sut ca thang my.h thng
ca cabin v ca tng c thit k sao cho khi dng ti tng no th ch dng ng
c m ca bung thang ng thi h thng c kh gn ca bung thang lin kt vi
ca tng lm cho ca tng cng c m ra.Tng t khi ng li th h thng lin
kt s khng tc ng vo ca tng na m bung thang li di chuyn i n cc tng
khc.
7. H thng cn bng trong thang my

i trng, cp nng, cp in, cp hoc xch cn bng l nhng b phn ca h
thng cn bng trong thang my cn bng vi vi trng lng ca cabin v ti
trng nng.Vic chn s ng hc v trng lng cc b phn ca h thng cn
bng c nh hng ln n mmen ti trng v cng sut ng c ca c cu dn
ng, n lc cng ln nht ca cp nng v kh nng ko ca puly ma st.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
12
n tt nghip
7.1 i trng
i trng l b phn ng vai tr chnh trong h thng cn bng ca thang
my.i vi thang my c chiu cao nng khng ln, ngi ta chn i trng sao cho
trng lng ca n cn bng vi trng lng ca cabin v mt phn ti trng nng
,cp in v khng dng cp hoc xch cn bng.Khi thang my c chiu cao nng
ln, trng lng ca cp nng v cp in l ng k nn ngi ta phi dng cp hoc
xch cn bng b tr li phn ti trng ca cp in v cp nng chuyn t nhnh
treo cabin sang nhnh treo i trng v ngc li khi thang my hot ng.
7.2 Xch v cp cn bng

Khi thang my c chiu cao trn 45 m hoc trng lng cp nng v cp in c
gi tr trn 0,1 Q th ngi ta phi t thm cp hoc xch cn bng b tr li phn
trng lng ca cp nng v cp in chuyn t nhnh treo cabin sang nhnh treo i
trng v ngc li khi thang my hot ng, m bo mmen ti tng i n nh
trn puly ma st. Xch cn bng thng c dng cho thang my c tc di 1,4
m/s. i vi thang my c tc cao, ngi ta thng dng cp cn bng v c thit
b ko cng cp cn bng khng b xon. Ti thit b ko cng cp cn bng phi
c tip im in an ton ngt mch iu khin ca thang my khi cp cn bng b
t hoc b dn qu ln v khi c s c vi thit b ko cng cp cn bng.
7.3 Cp nng
C cu to bng si thp cacbon tt c gii hn bn 1400 1800 N/mm 2 .
Trong thang my thng dng t 3 n 4 si cp bn. Cp nng c chn theo iu
kin sau:
MAX
*n
Trong :
Smax - lc cng cp ln nht trong qu trnh lm vic ca thang my ;
Sd
- ti trng ph hng cp do nh ch to xc nh v cho trong bng cp
tiu chun tu thuc vo loi cp , ng knh cp v gii hn bn ca vt liu

si thp bn cp
n - h s an ton bn ca cp, ly khng nh hn gi tr quy nh trong tiu
chun, tu thuc vo tc , loi thang my v loi c cu nng.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
13
n tt nghip
7.4 B ko ti
Tu theo s dn ng m b ti ko c t trong phng my dn ng
nm pha trn, pha di hoc nm cnh ging thang. B ti ko dn ng in
gm c hp gim tc v loi khng c hp gim tc. i vi thang my c tc ln
ngi ta dng b ti ko khng c hp gim tc.
8. Thit b an ton c kh
Thit b an ton c kh trong thang my c vai tr m bo an ton cho thang my
v hnh khch trong trng hp xy ra s c nh :t cp, cp trt trn rnh puly
ma st, cabin h vi tc vt qu gi tr cho php. Thit b an ton c kh trong
thang my gm c:
8.1 Phanh hm in t :
V kt cu, cu to, nguyn l hot ng ging nh phanh hm in t dng trong
cc c cu ca cu trc.
8.2 Phanh bo him :

( c mt s tn gi khc nh : phanh d hoc c cu t p). Chc nng ca phanh
bo him l hn ch tc di chuyn ca bung thang vt qu gii hn cho php
v gi cht bung thang ti ch bng cch p vo hai thanh dn hng trong trng
hp b t cp treo. V kt cu v cu to, phanh bo him c ba loi :
- Phanh bo him kiu nm dng hm khn cp.
- Phanh bo him kiu km (hnh 1.4) dng hm m.
- Phanh bo him kiu lch tm dng hm khn cp.
Phanh bo him lp t trn nc ca bung thang, hai gng km 2 trt dc theo hai
thanh dn hng 1. Nm gia hai cnh tay u ca gng km c nm 5 gn cht vi
h thng truyn lc trc vt v tang - bnh vt 4. H truyn lc bnh vt - trc vt c
hai dng ren : bn phi l ren phi, cn phn bn tri l ren tri. Khi tc ca bung
thang thp hn tr s gii hn ti a cho php, nm 5 hai u ca trc vt v tr xa
nht so vi tang - bnh vt 4, lm cho hai gn km 2 trt bnh thng dc theo thanh
dn hng 1. Trong trng hp tc ca bung thang vt qu gii hn cho php,
Svth: Don Hong Mai
14
n tt nghip
Hnh 1.4 Phanh hm bo him kiu km

1.thanh dn hng; 2. gng km; 3. dy cp lin ng c vi b hn ch tc ;
4. tang bnh vt ; 5. Nm.
tang - bnh vt 4 s quay theo chiu ko di hai u nm 5 v pha mnh , lm cho
hai gng km 2 p cht vo thanh dn hng, kt qu s hn ch c tc di
chuyn ca bung thang v trong trng hp b t cp treo, s gi cht bung thang
vo hai thanh dn hng.
9. Cm bin v tr
Trong thang my v my nng, cc bn phn cm bin v tr dng :
- Pht lnh dng bung thang mi tng.
- Chuyn i tc ng c truyn ng t tc cao sang tc thp khi
bung thang n gn tng cn dng, nng cao dng chnh xc ca bung thang.
- Xc nh v tr ca bung thang.
Hin nay, trong s khng ch
thang my v my nng thng dng ba loi
cm bin v tr :
+ Cm bin v tr kiu c kh(cng
tc chuyn i tng)
Hnh 1.5 Cm bin v tr kiu c kh
1. Tm cch in; 2. Tip im tnh;
3.Tip im ng ; 4. Cn gt; 5. Vng m
cao su
Svth: Don Hong Mai
15
n tt nghip
Cm bin v tr kiu c kh l mt loi cng tc ba v tr. Khi bung thang di

chuyn i ln, di tc dng ca vu gt (lp mi tng) s gt tay gt sang bn phi,
cp tip im 2 bn tri kn, khi bung thang di chuyn theo chiu i xung, v tr tay
gt bn tri, cp tip im 2 v tr gia, c hai cp tip im 2 u h.
u im : c kt cu n gin, thc hin ba chc nng ca b phn cm
bin v tr.
Nhc im :
- Tui th lm vic khng cao, c bit l i vi thang my tc cao
- Gy ting n ln, gy nhiu cho cc thit b v tuyn.
+ Cm bin v tr kiu cm ng (hnh 1.6).
Hnh 1.6. Cm bin v tr kiu cm ng

a)Cu to ca cm bin ;b) S nguyn t ca b cm bin.
1.Mch t ; 2. Cun dy ; 3. Tm st ch TS
i vi thang my tc cao, nu dng b cm bin kiu c kh, lm gim
tin cy trong qu trnh lm vic. Bi vy trong cc s khng ch thang my tc
cao thng dng cc b cm bin khng tip im: kiu cm ng, kiu in dung v
kiu quang in.
Nguyn l lm vic ca cm bin kiu cm ng v tr da trn s thay i tr
s in cm (L) ca cun dy c mch t khi mch t kn v mch t h.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
16
n tt nghip
Cu to ca b cm bin v tr kiu cm ng (hnh 1.6a) gm mch in t 1,

cun dy 2. Khi mch t h, in tr ca b cm bin bng in tr thun ca cun
dy, cn khi mch t b che kn bng thanh thp ch U (3), in tr cm bin s tng
t bin do thnh phn in cm (L) ca cun dy tng.
S nguyn l ca b cm bin kiu cm ng c gii thiu trn hnh
3.31a. B cm bin c th u ni trc tip vi rle trung gian RTr mt chiu hoc
rle trung gian xoay chiu. Khi mch t h, do in tr ca cm bin rt nh, rle
trung gian RTr tc ng, cn khi mch t kn, do in tr ca cm bin rt ln rle
trung gian RTr khng tc ng. nng cao tin cy lm vic ca rle trung gian,
u t C song song vi cun dy ca b cm bin. Tr s in dung ca t C c la
chn sao cho khi thanh st 3 che kn mch t ca b t cm bin s to c ch
cng hng dng. Thng thng b cm bin CB c lp thnh ging ca thang
my, thanh st ng lp bung thang.
+ Cm bin v tr kiu quang in
(hnh 7)
Hnh 1.7 Cm bin v tr kiu
quang in
B cm bin v tr dng hai phn
t quang in, cu to ca n c gii
thiu trn hnh 1.7a. Cu to ca n gm
khung gi ch U (thng lm bng vt
liu khng kim loi). Trn khung cch
in g lp hai phn t quang in 2 i
din nhu : mt phn t pht quang (it pht quang F) v mt phn t thu quang (
transito quang). nng cao tin cy ca b cm bin khng b nh hng sng
ca mi trng thng dng phn t pht quang v thu quang hang ngoi. Thanh gt
3 di chuyn gia khe h ca khung g cc phn t quang din.
S nguyn l ca b cm bin kiu quang in gii thiu trn hnh 1.7b.
Nguyn l lm vic ca b cm bin kiu quang in nh sau: khi bung thang
cha n ng tng, nh sng cha b che khut, transito quang TT thng, transito T1
Svth: Don Hong Mai
17
n tt nghip
kho v transito T2 thng, rle trung gian RTr tc ng, cn khi bung thang n
ng tng, nh sng b che khut, TT kho, T1 thng, T2 kho, rle trung gian RTr
khng tc ng.
IV. H THNG MCH IN CA THANG MY
1. Mch ng lc:
l h thng iu khin c cu dn ng thang my ng m,o chiu c cu dn
ng v phanh ca b ti ko. H thng phi m bo vic iu chnh tc chuyn
ng ca cabin sao cho qu trnh m my v phanh c m du v dng cabin chnh
xc.
2. Mch iu khin:
L h thng iu khin tng c tc dng thc hin mt chng trnh iu khin phc
tp, ph hp vi chc nng yu cu ca thang my,H thng iu khin tng c
nhim v:lu tr cc lnh di chuyn t cabin, cc lnh gi tng ca hnh khch v
thc hin cc lnh di chuyn hoc dng theo mt th t u tin no ,sau khi thc
hin xong lnh iu khin th xo b ,xc nh v ghi nhn thng xuyn v tr cabin
v hng chuyn ng ca n.Tt c cc h thng iu khin t ng u dng nt
n.
3. Mch tn hiu:
l h thng cc n tn hiu vi cc k hiu thng nht ho bo hiu
trng thi ca thang my, v tr v hng chuyn ng ca cabin.
4. Mch chiu sng:

l h thng n chiu sng cho cabin,bung my v h thang
5. Mch an ton:
l h thng cc cng tc, r le ,tip im nhm m bo an ton cho ngi ,
hng ho v thang my khi hot ng, c th l:bo v qu ti cho ng c, thit b
hn ch ti trng nng,cc cng tc hnh trnh,cc tip im ti ca cabin, ca tng,
ti h treo cabin v ti b hn ch tc , cc r leMch an ton ngt t ng ngt
in n mch ng lc dng thang hoc thang khng hot ng c trong cc
trng hp sau:
- mt in,mt pha, o pha, mt ng tip t
- qu ti
- cabin vt qu gii hn t cng tc hn ch hnh trnh.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
18
n tt nghip
- t cp hoc tc h cabin vt qa gi tr cho php(b hn ch tc v

b hm bo him lm vic)
-mt trong cc cp nng chng qu gii hn cho php.
- ca cabin hoc mt trong cc ca tng cha ng hn.
IV.
CHNG II: KHO ST C TNH CA THANG MY V CC

YU CU IU KHIN
V. KHO ST C IM CA THANG
Ph ti thang my thay i trong mt phm vi rt rng, n ph thuc vo lng
hnh khch i li trong mt ngy m v hng vn chuyn hnh khch. V d nh
thang my lp t trong nh hnh chnh, bui sng u gi lm vic, hnh khch i
nhiu nht theo chiu nng, cn bui chiu cui gi lm vic s l lng hnh khch
nhiu nht i theo chiu xung. Bi vy , khi thit k thang my phi tnh cho ph ti
xung cc i.
thun tin cho vic chn thang ngi ta phn cc loi nh theo mc ch s
dng thnh cc nhm c bn sau:
-
Nh hnh chnh:
Nh :
Khch sn:
Bnh vin
Trong mi nhm li c th c chia nh c th chn thang my c tnh nng
k thut ph hp hn.
V d nhm nh hnh chnh c th phn thnh nh hnh chnh thun ty(c quan
b,c quan hnh chnh s nghip) v nhm nh hnh chnh c kt hp vi sn
xut,nghin cu khoa hc
D cc to nh cng nh chng loi thang rt l a dng ,song mc ch vic
chn thang nh trn nu phi tho mn c cc yu cu vn chuyn s hnh
khch trong thi gian nht nh m khng phi ch lu cng nh phi trong cabin
qu lu.Thc t lng hnh khch thay i cn vn chuyn li thay i khng theo
Svth: Don Hong Mai
19
n tt nghip
quy lut nht nh,m thay i theo nhng gi khc nhau trong ngy tu theo tnh
cht ,c im , mc ch s dng ca to nh.im chung ca s thay i ny c
nhng gi cn vn chuyn nhiu hnh khch c gi l gi cao im.
th t l hnh khc ti
gi cao im
1. nng sut vn
chuyn trong 5
pht
2. nng sut trong 45
pht
3. nng sut trong 1h
Gi lm vic 9h
1
2
3
Tt nhin gi cao im vi tng loi to nh cng khc nhau.v d nh hnh v

trn xc nh hnh khch ti gi cao im trong to nh thng mi c gi lm vic
bt u t 9h sng.
Vic phn tch dng hnh khch ti gi cao im s thy l mt bc khng th
b qua khi la chn thang my song kh nng vn chuyn hnh khch nh nu trn
cha phn nh y cht lng phc v ca thang c th hin bng thi gian
hnh khch phi ch i bn chnh ti gi cao im,nn khi chn thang c hai ch
tiu v kh nng vn chuyn (hay cn gi l nng sut vn chuyn) v cht lng
phc v phi c phn tch y tm gii php hp l.
Lu lng hnh khch i thang my trong thi im cao nht c tnh trong thi
gian 5 pht, c tnh theo biu thc sau:
Q5
A( N a )i
trong :
N * 100
A-tng s ngi lm vic trong ngi nh

N - s tng ca ngi nh
a - s tng m ngi lm vic khng s dng thang my (thng ly a = 2)
Svth: Don Hong Mai
20
n tt nghip
i
- ch s cng vn chuyn hnh khch , c trng cho s lng khch
100
(biu din di dng %) khi i ln hoc xung trong thi gian 5 .

i lng Q5 ph thuc vo tnh cht ca ngi nh m thang my phc v : i
vi nh chung c Q5 % = (4 6)% ;khch sn Q5% = (7 10) %; cng s Q5 % =
(20 30) %.
Nng sut vn chuyn hnh khch
Vic xc nh chnh xc s lng hnh khch cn vn chuyn bng thang my

(hoc mt nhm thang my) trong ngy cho to nh nhn chung l khng th thc
hin c, v vy khi xc nh nng sut vn chuyn hnh khch t xc nh
trng ti nh mc ca thang, ngi ta quy c tnh tnh nng sut cn thit ca
thang t t s i l t s gia lng ln nht hnh khch cn vn chuyn trong nm
pht ti gi cao im v s lng hnh khch ti ch trong to nh.
Nng sut ca thang my theo mt hng trn mt n v thi gian v c tnh
theo biu thc sau :
P=
Trong : P
3600 * E
(2.1)
2H
tn
v
- l nng sut ca thang my tnh cho 1 gi;
E - trng ti nh mc ca thang my (s lng ngi i c cho

1 ln vn chuyn ca thang my);
- h s lp y ph ti ca thang my ;
- chiu cao nng (h) , m;
- tc di chuyn ca bung thang ,m/s;
- tng thi gian khi thang my dng mi tng (thi gian ng ,

m ca bung thang , ca tng , thi gian ra, vo ca hnh
khch) v thi gian tng, gim tc bung thang ;
= (t1 +t2 +t3)(m d + 1) + t4 + t5 + t6
Trong : t1 - thi gian tng tc ;

t2 - thi gian gim tc ;
t3 - thi gian ng m ca ;
Svth: Don Hong Mai
21
n tt nghip
t4 - thi gian i vo ca mt hnh khch ;

t5 - thi gian i ra ca mt hnh khch ;
t6 - thi gian khi bung thang ch khch n chm ;
m d - s ln dng ca bung thang (tnh theo xc sut)
S ln dng m d (tnh theo xc sut c th xc nh da trn th hnh 3.26)
Hnh 3.26 th xc nh
s ln dng(tnh theo xc
sut) ca bung thang.
Md - s ln dng; mt s
tng ;
E - s ngi trong bung
thang.
Theo biu thc (2.1) ta thy rng nng sut ca thang my t l thun vi trng ti
ca bung thang E v t l nghch vi
,c bit l i vi thang my c trng
ti ln.
Cn h s lp y ph thuc ch yu vo cng vn chuyn hnh khch
thng ly bng :
( 0,6 0,8)
VI. TNH CHN CNG SUT NG C CHUYN NG THANG MY

xc nh c cng sut ng c truyn ng di chuyn bung thang (ca
thang my) cn phi c cc iu kin thng s sau :
- S ng hc ca c cu nng ca thang my.
- Tr s tc v gia tc gii hn cho php.
- Trng ti ca thang my.
- Khi lng ca bung thang v i trng (nu c).
Svth: Don Hong Mai
22
n tt nghip
- Ch lm vic ca thang my.

Tnh chn cng sut ng c thc hin theo cc bc sau :
- Chn s b cng sut ng c da trn cng sut cn tnh.
- Xy dng biu ph ti ton phn c tnh n ph ti trong cc ch qu
.
- Kim tra cng sut ng c chn theo iu kin pht nhit (theo phng
php dng in ng tr hoc mmen ng tr).
Cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi nng ti khng dng i trng c tnh
theo biu thc sau :
Pc
G G .v.g *
bt
10
kW
(2.2)
Trong : G - khi lng ca hng ho, kg;
G - khi lng ca bung thang, kg ;

bt
v - tc nng hng, m/s ;

- hiu sut ca c cu nng (thng ly bng = 0,5 0.8) ;
g - gia tc trng trng, m/ s
Khi c i trng, cng sut cn tnh khi nng ti ca ng c c tnh theo

biu thc :
cn
1
G Gbt
G bt . . v. k . g .10
kW
(2.3)
v khi h ti :
ch
1
bt
3
G G G dt . . v . k . g .10
Trong :
cn
kW
(2.4)
- cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi nng c dng i trng,
kW ;
ch
- cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi h c dng i trng, kW ;
Svth: Don Hong Mai
23
n tt nghip
k - h s c tnh n ma st trong cc thanh dn hng ca bung thang v i

trng (thng chn k = 1,15 1,3);
dt
- khi lng ca i trng, kg.
Khi tnh chn khi lng ca i trng G, lm sao cho khi lng ca n cn
bng c vi khi lng ca bung thang G v mt phn khi lng ca hng ho
G. Khi lng ca i trng c tnh theo biu thc sau :
G G
dt
bt
G kg
(2.5)
Trong : - h s cn bng, tr s ca n thng ly bng = 0.3 0.6.

Phn ln cc thang my ch khch ch vn hnh y ti trong nhng gi cao
im, thi gian cn li lun lm vic non ti nn nn thng ly bng : = 0.34
0.5
i vi thang my ch hng khi nng thng lm vic y ti, cn khi h

thng khng ti (G = 0) nn chn = 0,5.
Da trn hai biu thc (2.2) v (2.3) c th xy dng biu ph ti (n gin
ho) ca ng c truyn ng v chn s b cng sut ng c trong cc s tay tra
cu.
xy dng biu ph ti ton phn (biu ph ti chnh xc) cn phi
tnh n thi gian tng tc, thi gian hm ca h truyn ng, thi gian ng, m ca
bung thang v ca tng, s ln dng ca bung thang, thi gian ra, vo bung thang
ca hnh khch trong thi gian cao im. Thi gian ra vo ca hnh khch thng ly
bng 1s cho mt hnh khch. S ln dng ca bung thang (tnh theo xc sut) md
c tnh chn da trn cc ng cong trn hnh 3.26.
Mt khc khi tin hnh xy dng biu ph ti ton phn cng cn phi tnh
n mt s yu t khc ph thuc vo ch vn hnh v iu kin khai thc thang
my nh : thi gian ch khch, thi giant hang my lm vic vi tc thp khi n
tng gn dng, v.v
Svth: Don Hong Mai
24
n tt nghip
Khi tnh chn chnh xc cng sut ng c truyn ng thang my cn phn

bit haich ca ti trng : ti trng ng u (hu nh khng i) v tI trng bin
i.
Phng php tnh chn cng sut ng c vi ch ti trng ng u thc
hin theo cc bc sau :
1) Tnh lc ko ca cp t ln vnh bnh ngoi ca puli ko cp trong c cu
nng, khi bung thang cht y ti ng tng 1 v cc ln dng theo d kin.
F G G G k G g
bt
Trong :
G
k
(2.6)
- s ln dng theo d kin ca bung thang ;
G
G
dt
- thay i ca ti trng sau mi ln dng, kg thng ly bng
; trong
- s ln dng bun thang (theo d kin) c xc nh
trn dng cong hnh 3.26.

2) Tnh mmen theo lc ko
F.R
i
F.R
i
Vi F > 0
N
Vi F < 0
Trong : R - bn knh ca puli ko cp, m ;

i
- t s truyn ca c cu nng ;
- hiu sut ca c cu nng.

3) Tnh tng thi gian hnh trnh nng v h ca bung thang bao gm : Thi
gian bung thang di chuyn vi tc n nh, thi gian tng tc, thi gian hm
v thi gian ph khc (thi gian ng, m ca, thi gian ra, vo bung thang ca
hanh khch).
Svth: Don Hong Mai
25
n tt nghip
4) Da trn kt qu ca cc bc tnh ton trn, tnh mmen ng tr v tnh cng

sut ca ng c bo m tha mn iu kin
M M
dtr
5) Xy dng biu ph ti ton phn ca h truyn ng c tnh n qu trnh

qu , tin hnh kim nghim ng c theo dng in ng tr.
i vi ch ph ti khng ng u (bin i), cc bc tnh chn cng
sut ng c truyn ng tin hnh theo cc bc trn. Nhng tnh lc ko t ln
puli ko cp phi c biu thay i ca ti trng theo tng tng mt khi bung
thang di chuyn ln v xung.
VII. CC H TRUYN NG DNG TRONG THANG MY
Khi thit k, tnh chn h truyn ng cho thang my phi da trn cc yu cu
chnh sau :
-
dng chnh xc ca bung thang.
Tc di chuyn ca bung thang.
Tr s gia tc ln nht cho php.
Phm vi iu chnh tc yu cu.
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b (rto lng sc v r to
dy qun ) c s dng truyn ng cc loi thang my v my nng c tc

thp v trung bnh.
-
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc thng
dng trong thang my tc thp .

-
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b rto dy qun thng
dng cho cc loi thang my trng ti ln, cho php cht lng ca h thng truyn
ng khi tng tc v gim tc, nng cao chnh xc khi dng.
-
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc hai cp
tc (c hai b dy qun stato c lp ni theo s hnh sao ) thng dng trong

cc thang my tc trung bnh. S i cc ca dy qun stato ng c thng chn
l : 2p = 6 2p = 24 hoc 2p = 4 2p = 20, tng ng vi tc ng b ca
ng c bng : n0 =1000/250 vng/pht hoc 1500/300 vng/pht.
-
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc c cp
ngun t b bin tn thng dng trong cc thang my tc cao (khi v>1,5 m/s) ,
Svth: Don Hong Mai
26
n tt nghip
cho php hn ch c gia tc v git trong gii hn cho php v t chnh xc

khi dng rt cao ( S 5 mm )
-
H truyn ng mt chiu thng dng cho cc thang my tc cao
( v 1,5 m/s). Thng dng hai h truyn ng sau:

+
H F - c khuych i trung gian lm ngun cung cp cho cun kch t ca
my pht .( Khuych i trung gian c th l my in khuych i hoc khuch i

t ).
- H T - , my pht mt chiu c thay th bng b chnh lu dng tiristo.
- Khi chn ng c truyn ng thang my phi da trn s ng hc ca c
cu nng. i vi thang my v my nng khi dng c cu c hp tc , thng
dng loi ng c xoay chiu kiu A2, AO2 ; ng c khng ng b c h s trt
cao kiu AC, AOC ; ng c hai cp tc v ng c rto dy qun kiu AK.
i vi thang my tc cao ( V >1,5 m/s), khi dng c cu nng khng c hp
gim tc thng chn loi ng c tc chm. Cc nh my ch to in c ch
to ra loi ng c mt chiu chuyn dng cho thang my vi cng sut P = (28
40)kW v tc nh mc n = 83 vng/pht.
VIII. C IM C TRNG CHO CH LM VIC CA H
TRUYN NG THANG MY
Thang my thng c lp t trong mi trng kh l khc nghit. Phng my
thng c t thng c t ti nh ca to nh v vy my nhit ca
phng my thng cao.Ch lm vic ca ng c l ngn hn lp li vi tn s
ng ct in ln, m my , hm dng lin tc.Do nhng c th trn, ngnh cng
nghip ch to my in sn xut cc loi ng c chuyn dng cho thang my. Cc
loi ng c l : ng c KB ba pha r to lng sc, r to dy qun, ng c in
mt chiu kch t song song hoc ni tip
IX. NH HNG CA TC , GIA TC V GIT I VI H
TRUYN NG THANG MY
Svth: Don Hong Mai
27
n tt nghip
Hinh 3 th biu din s ph thuc ca qung ng S, tc v , gia tc a

v git theo thi gian
Mt trong nhng yu cu c bn i vi h thng truyn ng thang my l
phi m bo cho bung thang di chuyn m. Bung thang di chuyn m hay khng,
ph thuc ch yu vo tr s gia tc ca bung thng khi m my v hm dng.
Nhng tham s chnh c trng cho ch lm vic ca thang my l : tc di
2
chuyn bung thang v [m/s], gia tc a [m/ s ] v git
[m/ s ]. Trn hnh 3.33
biu din cc ng cong : qung ng i ca thang my S, tc v, gia tc a, v

git theo hm thi gian t.
T biu thc (3.20) ta rt ra nhn xt rng : tr s tc di chuyn bung
thang quyt nh nng sut ca thang my, tr s tc di chuyn c bit c ngha
quan trng i vi thang my trong cc nh cao tng. Nhng thang my tc cao (v
> 3,5 m/s) ph hp vi chiu cao nng ln, s ln dng
m t. Trong trng hp
d
ny thi gian khi tng tc v gim tc rt nh so vi thi gian di chuyn ca bung

thang vi tc cao, tr s tc trung bnh ca thang my gn t bng tc nh
mc ca thang my.
Mt khc, cn phi nh rng, tr s tc di chuyn ca bung thang t l
thun vi gi thnh ca thang my. Nu tng tc ca thang my t v = 0,75 m/s
ln v = 3,5 m/s, gi thnh ca thang my tng ln (4 5) ln. Bi vy tu thuc vo
Svth: Don Hong Mai
28
n tt nghip
cao cu nh m thang my phc v chn tr s di chuyn ca thang my ph

hp vi tc ti u, p ng y cc ch tiu kinh t v k thut.
Tr s tc di chuyn trung bnh ca thang my c th tng bng cch gim
thi gian tng tc v gim tc ca h truyn ng thang my, c ngha l tng gia
tc. Nhng khi bung thang di chuyn vi gia tc qu ln s gy ra cm gic kh
chu cho hnh khch (chng mt, c cm gic s hi v nght th v.v). Bi vy, tr
2
s gia tc c chn ti u l a 2 m/ s .
Mt i lng khc quyt nh s di chuyn m ca bung thang l tc
tng ca gia tc khi m my v tc gim ca gia tc khi hm my. Ni cch khc
2
l git (o hm bc nht ca gia tc

2
a < 2m/ s , tr s git ca tc ti u l
da d v d S

dt d t d t
3
). Khi gia tc
< 20m/ s .
Biu lm vic ti u ca thang my vi tc trung bnh v tc cao

c biu din trn hnh 3.33. Biu ny c th phn thnh 5 giai on theo tnh
cht thay i tc di chuyn bung thang : tng tc, di chuyn vi tc n nh,
hm xung tc thp, bung thang n tng v hm dng.
Biu ti u (hnh 3.33) s t c nu dng h truyn ng mt chiu
hoc dng h bin tn - ng c xoay chiu. Nu dng h truyn ng xoay chiu
vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc hai cp , biu lm vic t gn vi
biu ti u nh hnh 3.33.
i vi thang my tc chem., biu lm vic c 3 giai on : thi gian tng tc
(m my), di chuyn vi tc n nh v hm dng.
X.
DNG CHNH XC BUNG THANG

Bung thang ca thang my cn phi dng chnh xc so vi mt bng ca sn
tng cn n sau khi hm dng.

Nu bung thang dng khng chnh xc s gy ra cc hin tng bt li sau :
- i vi thang my ch khch, lm cho hnh khch ra vo bung thang kh
khn hn, tng thi gian ra, vo dn n gim nng sut ca thang my.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
29
n tt nghip
- i vi thang my ch hng gy kh khn trong vic bc v xp d hng

ha. Trong mt s trng hp khng thc hin c vic bc xp, d hng ho.
khc phc hu qu , c th n nhp cc nt bm n tng (T) lp trong
bung thang t chnh xc deng bung thang theo yu cu, nhng n s dn
n cc vn khng c li sau :
- Hng cc thit b iu khin.
- Gy tn tht nng lng trong h truyn ng, nu dng ng c khng ng
b rto lng sc truyn ng thang my s dn n gy ra s pht nng ca ng c
qu gii hn cho php.
- Gy hng cc thit b c kh ca thang my.
- Tng thi gian t lc phanh hm tc ng cho n khi bung thang dng
hn.
dng chnh xc ca bung thang c nh gi bng i lng
(hnh
3.34).
Svth: Don Hong Mai
30
n tt nghip
hnh 3.34 a) S xc nh chnh xc khi dng bung thang ; b) S ph

thuc ca dng chnh xc S ca bung thang vo tr s tc v gia tc
2
ng 1 aMAX 1 m / s ; ng 2 aMAX 2 m / s ; ng 3 aMAX 3 m / s
l mt na hiu s ca hai qung ng cu bung thang trt I c
t khi phanh hm in t tc ng n khi bung thang dng hn khi c ti v khng

c ti theo cng mt hng di chuyn ca bung thang. Cc yu t nh hng n
dng chnh xc ca bung thang gm : mmen do c cu phanh hm in t sinh ra,
mmen qun tnh ca bung thang v ti trng, tr s tc di chuyn bung thang
khi bt u hm dng v mt s yu t ph khc.
Qu trnh hm dng bung thang xy ra nh sau : Khi bung thang i gn n
snm tng cn dng, s tc ng vo cm bin v tr (cng tc chuyn i tng) ra ln
dng bung thang. Cc thit b chp hnh trong s iu khin thang my (rle,
cng tc t) c thi gian tc ng l t (qun tnh in t ca phn t chp hnh),
trong qung thi gian , bung thang i c qung ng S cho n khi phanh
hm in t tc ng l :
S ' v t
[m]
(2.7)
Trong :
- tr s di chuyn cu bung thang khi bt u hm, m/s.
Sau khi phanh hm in t tc ng (m phanh ca phanh hm in t p cht

vo trc ng c truyn ng) l qu trnh hm dng bung thang. Trong thi gian
nt bung thang i c mt qung ng l
S' .
mv
S ''
2 F F
0
ph
[m]
(2.8)
Trong : m l khi lng tt c cc khu chuyn ng ca thang my, kg ;
ph
- lc p do c cu phanh hm in t sinh ra (N) ;

- lc cn tnh do ti trng gy ra (N).
Svth: Don Hong Mai
31
n tt nghip
Du (+) hoc du (-) trong biu thc (3.29) tu thuc vo ch lm vic

bung thang : Khi hm (+), khi chuyn ng (-).
Biu thc (3.29) c th vit i dng khc nh sau :
D
2
S ''
2i M M
J
ph
[m]
(2.9)
- mmen qun tnh quy i v trc ng c truyn ng, kgm2 ;
Trong : J
Mph, Mc -mmen do c cu phanh hm in t sinh ra v m

men cn tnh do ti trng gy ra , N.m ;
- tc gc ca ng c khi bt u hm dng, rad/s ;
- ng knh ca puli ko cp , m;
- t s truyn.
Qung ng bung thang i c t khi cm bin v tr ra lnh dng n khi

bung thang dng ti sn tng dng bng :
D
2
M C)
'
"
J 0
2i ( M ph
2.10
B cm bin v tr c t cch sn tng mt khong cch no hiu s

ca hai qung ng ca bung thang i c y ti v khi khng ti chia i thnh
hai phn bng nhau so vi mc ca sn tng . Sai s ln nht ( dng khng chnh
xc ln nht ) c tnh theo biu thc sau :
S MAX
2.11
Trong : S1 - qung ng trt nh nht ca bung thang ;

S2 - qung ng trt ln nht ca bung thang ;
Phn tch biu thc (3.31) ta rt ra kt lun : cc thng s nh hng n chnh
xc khi dng bung thang gm :
-
J m men qun tnh ca cc phn t chuyn ng ca bung thang .
t qun tnh in t ca cc phn t chp hnh trong s iu khin ca
thang my.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
32
n tt nghip
Mph ,MC m men do c cu phanh hm in t sinh ra v ti trng ca thang

my .
i vi mt thang my , ba thng s trn c th coi nh khng i

Mt thng s quan trng nht nh hng n dng chnh xc ca bung thang
l i lng V0 (tc di chuyn ca bung thang khi bt u hm dng ).
nng cao chnh xc dng bung thang i vi thang my dng, gim tc di
chuyn ca bung thang khi b cm bin v tr cho lnh dng bung thang.
nh gi chnh xc dng bung thang S ph thuc vo tc V0 v gia tc
ca bung thang , c th kho st theo ng cong trn hnh 3.34b. i vi thang
my, khng chnh xc khi dng bung thang cho php l: S MAX 20 mm
XI. H BIN TN NG C V H THNG IU KHIN PLC
1. s khi ca h bin tn ng c
Ngun d phng
H thng rle
PLC
cc cm
bin u
vo
IU KHIN TRUNG TM
H thng ph tr
phanh
Bin tn
ng c nng h
Bin tn
ng c ng m ca
2. Gii thiu v bin tn 3g3mv ca omron

1.1 t vn .
thay i tc ng c khng ng b ba pha mt cch bng phng tuyn tnh
trong phm vi rng, cn ngun xoay chiu c th thay i c tn s ngi ta s
dng h thng bin tn. Bin tn 3G3MV p ng c tiu chun chu u EC v
Svth: Don Hong Mai
33
n tt nghip
UL/CUL cho vic lu hnh trn ton th gii. V vy khi s dng bin tn 3G3MV
ca omron m bo c s lm vic n nh, mc tin cy cao, cho php phm vi
iu chnh rng, lm vic an ton.v.v.
1.2 Tng quan v bin tn 3G3MV v chc nng hot ng.
Hnh 2.1: Bin tn 3G3MV

Bin tn 3G3MV c th hot ng ch c bn v c cc chc nng hot
ng cao cp. i vi cc chc nng hot ng c bn ta phi ci t y cc
thng s cho n nh la chn ch hot ng ph hp, ch iu khin c la
chn l ti ch hay t xa ... Cn i vi cc chc nng hot ng cao cp ta c th t
tn s mang, pht hin qu momen, b momen v b trt...
Cc chc nng hot ng c bn.
- t ch iu khin (n002).
- t ch ti ch/t xa (n004 v n008).
-La chn lnh hot ng.
- t tn s chun...
. Cc chc nng hot ng cao cp.
- t tn s mang (n046).
- Chc nng phanh hm DC.
- Chng tt tc .
- Chc nng pht hin qu momen.
- Chc nng b momen.
- Chc nng b trt.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
34
n tt nghip
- iu khin tit kim nng lng.

- Truyn thng.
- Chc nng PID...
2
2.1
XII.
CHNG III: XY DNG H THNG IU KHIN V LP TRNH

IU KHIN THANG MY
I.
PHNG PHP M T MCH TRNH T
C nhiu phng php m t thng c dng trong phn tch v tng hp
mc trnh t. l cc phng php bng chuyn trng thi,phng php hnh
trng thi ( hnh Mealy v hnh Moore), phng php lu nhng ta ch xt
phng php bng chuyn trng thi l n gin v d xt nht vi phng php ny
th cc trng thi u ra ca ta s c t hp bi cc trng thi u vo.Sau y l
ni dung ca phng php bng chuyn trng thi
Phng php ny m t qu trnh chuyn i trng thi di hnh thc bng.
Trong bng hnh 1 di bao gm:
-
Cc ct ca bng ghi cc bin vo v cc bin ra.Cc tn hiu vo l cc tn
hiu iu khin( , , ) c th l tn hiu iu khin ca ngi vn hnh ,ca thit

b chng trnh hoc cc tn hiu pht ra t cc thit b cng ngh.
-
Cc tn hiu ra (Y1,Y2) l tn hiu kt qu ca qu trnh iu khin v ghi
ct u ra
-
Cc hng ca bng ghi cc trng thi trong ca mch (S1,S2,S3). S hng ca
bng ch r s trng thi ca h.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
35
n tt nghip
Cc giao nhau ca ct bin vo v cc hng trng thi s ghi trng thi ca
mch.Nu trng thi mch khng trng vi tn hng th l trng thi khng n
nh.
-
Cc giao nhau ca ct tn hiu ra v cc hng trng thi s ghi gi tr tn hiu
ra tng ng.
-
bng trn hnh 2 , , , l cc tn hiu vo Y1, Y2 l cc tn hiu ra .H c 3
trng thi :S1 ( lm vic tc thp) ,S2 (o chiu quay), S3(dng my).
Mi trng thi ca mch c th din t bng ngn ng v km theo mt con s
gi tn trng thi .V d ta xt trng thi S1 lc ny my hot ng tc thp
.Nu lc ny cho bin tc ng th my vn lm vic ch thp (trng thi S1 l
trng thi n nh), nu cho bin tc ng th my s chuyn sang trng thi S2,
nhng trng thi S2 ghi hng S1 l trng thi khng n nh -trng thi trung gian
,mch ang chun b chuyn sang trng thi n nh khc ,nu cho bin tc ng
th mch s chuyn t trng thi S1 sang trng thi S3(trng thi S3 khng n nh).
Cc bin u ra Y1, Y2 lc ny u bng 0. Tng t nh vy ta s l gii cc trng
thi kt qu hng 2, hng 3.
Khi bng trng thi chuyn ch c mt tn hiu th c th khng dng ct tn hiu
ra, cc gi tr tn hiu ra c ghi lun vo cc trng thi chuyn (hnh 3)
Trng
Thi
tn hiu vo
tn hiu ra
Y1
Y2
S1
S2
S3
Hnh 1
Trng thi
Svth: Don Hong Mai
tn hiu vo
36
Tn hiu ra
n tt nghip
Y1
Y2
S1(tc thp)
S1
S2
S3
S2(o chiu quay)
S1
S2
S3(ngng my)
S3
Hnh 2
iu quan trng nht y l ghi c y v ng cc trng thi trong ca

cc ca bng.C hai ch thc hin cng vic ny:
Cch 1 . Trc ht da vo cc d liu bi ton, cc hiu bit v qu trnh
cng ngh ,t ghi cc trng thi hin nhin c. Tip theo cc trng thi chuyn r
rng (cc trng thi ny c so ghi trng thi khc vi cc th t cc hng cc trng
thi xut pht ), nu trng thi no khng chc chn th trng, s b sung sau.
Cch 2. Phn tch xem xt tng in trng thi .Vic lm ny l logic,
cht ch v r rng , tuy nhin nhiu khi phn tch khng th qu chi ly dn n
kh nng phn bit gia cc c trng thi gn nh nhau, do vy rt kh in y
cc .
S1
S2/1
S4/0
S4/0
S2
S4/1
S4/0
S4/1
S2
S4/1
S4/1
S4/1
S4
S4/1
S4/0
S4/0
S5
S4/0
S4/0
S4/0
Bin (V)
Trng
thi (S)
Hnh 3
Svth: Don Hong Mai
37
n tt nghip
II.
TNG HP MCH TRNH T
Bi ton tng hp mch trnh t l bi ton kh, hn na t mt yu cu ra li

c nhiu cch gii quyt khc nhau , do vy vn chung y l phi da vo mt
ch tiu ti u no , ng thi tm c li gii ti u th ngoi cc suy lun
ton hc logic ngi thit k cn phi tn dng cc kinh nghim thc t rt phong
ph v a dng . y ch nu ra mt s bc thc chung v cc v d c th minh
ho phng php tng hp mch trnh t.
Tng hp theo bng trng thi
Trnh t ca cc bc nh sau:
a) Thnh lp bng chuyn trng thi.Thc cht y l vic din t cc yu k
thut thnh k hiu kiu bng
b) Thnh lp bng kch thch v bng u ra
c) Tm hm logic ti gin v chon mch
C nhiu phng php ti gin bng trng thi nhng ta dng phng php
tng hp bng trng thi rt gn bng bng cac-no .
III.
XY DNG CC KHI CHC NNG CHNH CA THANG
T phng php tng hp bng trng thi ta s a ra cc c tnh ca thang my

v t tng hp c trng thi u ra .T cc phng trnh trng thi lp c vi
u vo ta s vit chng trnh lad cho thang.Cc khi chc nng chnh ca thang
gm c:
Xc nh cc yu cu phc v v lu gi cc yu cu
Bi ton xc nh v tr hin ti ca bung thang
Bi ton xc nh hnh trnh hin ti ca thang(ang nng hay ang h)
Nng-h bung thang
iu khin dng bung thang
Bi ton ng- m ca bung thang
iu khin Qut v n trong thang
S c (hng hc thit b truyn ng,cc thit b c kh; cc cm bin(qu
hnh trnh, qu trng ti, sai hnh trnh); s c ngun,...)
Svth: Don Hong Mai
38
n tt nghip
iu khin thang my ch ngi (9 tng) ta s k hiu t hp v a ra phng

trnh trng thi cho n gin.
-
Trong bung thang c 9 nt n cc tng ( T ) la chn cc tng cn di

chuyn ti ln lt l (DT1,DT2,DT3,DT4,DT5,DT6,DT7,DT8,DT9) v 2 nt
ng m ca cng bc l (C, MC) .
Ngoi bung thang trn mi tng cn c cc nt gi tng 9 tng s c 16 nt

gi tng ( GT ).Ta s k hiu GTL(l nt gi tng ln ), GTX (l gi tng
xung). Cc nt gi tng ln lt l :GTL1 (Gi tng i ln tng 1),
GTL2,GTL3,GTL4,GTL5,GTL6,GTL7,GTL8 v cc nt gi tng xung
GTX9 (Gi tng xung tng
9),GTX8,GTX7,GTX6,GTX6,GTX5,GTX4,GTX3,GTX2 .
Cc nt T, GT khi c nhn trng thi s phi c lu li ch n khi

c x l.
Cc yu cu T ,GT c x l khi thang my ri hoc khi ang cng hnh

trnh chuyn ng ca bung thang v thang my ca chng ta lp trnh u tin
theo hnh trnh.
Khi bung thang n tng yu cu ,n hu yu cu c x l, dng li mt

thi gian m ca n tr khch hoc c th lu hn nu c nhn nt
cng bc.Sau nu cn yu cu n tip tc c x l nu khng n s
dng ti v tr tng ny.
x l yu cu ca cc tng
cc tng ging nhau nn ta ch vit mt tng l c th suy ra cc tng khc
di y l vit cho tng 2
1. Xc nh cc yu cu phc v v lu gi cc yu cu
Cc yu cu ca hnh khch phi c x l khi thang my ang hot ng ti
bt k thi im no. Bi ton t ra l phi lu c trng thi yu cu ca cc nt
gi tng trong bung thang cng nh nt n tng ti cc tng. Lu tt c cc lnh
nm ngoi khng cho php di chuyn n so vi lnh u tin nht, ng thi lu tt
c cc lnh khng cng hnh trnh chnh (c xc nh l nh bin trung gian ang
nng hoc ang h), sau khi thc hin xong cc lnh chnh, thang my s quay tr li
thc thi cc lnh c lu.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
39
n tt nghip
2. bi ton xc nh v tr hin ti ca bung thang.

V tr hin ti ca bung thang l iu kin u vo xc nh c rle
tng.
3. Bi ton xc nh hnh trnh hin ti ca bung thang(ang nng hay

ang h).
Bi ton s l mt bc trung gian chng ta x l lnh u tin theo hnh
trnh. Nu tn hiu ang nng c set th tt c cc lnh gi theo chiu ln s c
u tin x l n khi ht mt hnh trnh ln v ngc li.
4. Nng h bung thang

Nng h bung thang l tn hiu u ra a vo bin tn iu khin ng
c.
5. iu khin dng bung thang

Dng bung thang chnh xc l rt quan trng bi khi dng thiu chnh xc c th
gy ra cc s c. Nu dng c sai lnh t th c th gy ra s di chuyn kh khn
cho cc phng tin xe y hng vo bung thang. Nu thiu chnh xc nhiu c th
gy kt ca khng m c ca v gy ra nhiu s c khc. Lnh dng bung thang
c dng khi bung thang n ng v tr tng cn n. Cc iu kin an ton ca
dng bung thang gm c : cc ca tng cha ng, ca bung thang cha ng, tc
qu gii hn cho php hoc t cp treo v.v
Cc bin u vo ca dng thang gm c : cc cng tc tng ti cc tng v cc r
le tng. Cc cng tc tng gm c CTT1, CTT2, CTT3, CTT4, CTT5, CTT6,CTT7,
CTT8, CTT9, CTT10. Ta b tr 10 cng tc tng cho thang my 9 tng v vy chng
ta s xt 2 cng tc tng l mt cp xc nh bung thang ang tng no. V d
khi thang my ang tng 1 th bung thang s tc ng ln 2 cng tc tng l
(CTT1, CTT2) , bung thang ang tng 2 s tc ng ln 2 cng tc tng l (CTT2,
CTT3) tng t vi cc tng khc. Cc Rle tng (RLT) l bin trung gian xc
nh c cc bin chn tng (ChnT) cn dng. Ti mi tng cng s c tng ng
mt rle tng v mt bin chn tng. Vi thang my ca ta s c cc bin nh sau:
rle tng 1(RLT1), rle tng 2(RLT2), rle tng 3(RLT3) , rle tng 4(RLT4) , rle
tng 5(RLT5) , rle tng 6(RLT6) , rle tng 7(RLT7) , rle tng 8(RLT8) , rle tng
9(RLT9). Trng thi chn tng gm c : chn tng 1(ChonT1), chn tng 2(ChonT2),
chn tng 3(ChonT3), chn tng 4(ChonT4), chn tng 5(ChonT5), chn tng
6(ChonT6), chn tng 7(ChonT7), chn tng 8(ChonT8), chn tng 9(ChonT9). Lu
ca trng thi dng :
Svth: Don Hong Mai
40
n tt nghip
Di chuyn bung thang
v tr thang bng
tng
v ng vi yu cu
u tin
No
Dng bung thang
ng m ca thang
Bng trng thi cho bi ton iu khin dng thang:

ChnT
CTT
Dng
T bng trng thi ta suy ra phng trnh logic cho dng bung thang:
Dung ChonT * CTT
Dung ChonT1 * CCT 1 * CTT 2 ChonT 2 * CTT 2 * CTT 3 ChonT 3 * CTT 3 * CTT 4
ChonT 4 * CTT 4 * CTT 5 ChonT 5 * CTT 5 * CTT 6 ChonT 6 * CTT 6 * CTT 7
ChonT 7 * CTT 7 * CTT 8 ChonT 8 * CTT 8 * CTT 9 ChonT 9 * CTT 9 * CTT 10
xc nh c trng thi chn tng (ChonT) th phi qua mt s bc trung

gian to ra cc bin ph x l u vo. Ta thm bin trung gian rle tng (RLT) dng
x l cc yu cu ca hnh khch khi thang my ang chy.
Ta c lu xc nh r le tng:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
41
n tt nghip
RLT
CT
CGTL
CT: c ngi gi trong

bung thang.
CGT x: c ngi gi tng
ln hoc xung
CTT x_1,CTT x_3 : bin
trung gian xc nh bung
thang ang trn ca tng
cn dng hay di.
N,H : bin trung gian
xc nh thang ang nng
hay ang h u tin x
l theo hnh trnh
Phng trnh logic
CGTX
CTT x_1
CTT x_3
N
H
Bng trng thi cho rle tng:
CT2
CGTL2
CGTX2
CTT2_1 CTT2_3
RLT2
Svth: Don Hong Mai
42
n tt nghip
*tng hp phng trnh lgic ta c kt qu nh sau:

RLT 2 DT 2 * (CTT 2 _ 1 * DN CTT 2 _ 3 * DH )
(CTT 2 _ 1 * DN * DH CTT 2 _ 3 * DH ) * GTL 2 * GTL1
GTX 4 * GTX 3 * GTX 2 * DN * (CTT 2 _ 1 CTT 2 _ 3 * DN )
Tng t vy vit cho cc trng hp cc tng khc:

RLT1 DT1 * CTT 1 _ 1* DN GTL1 * CTT 1 _ 1 * DN * DH
RLT 3 DT 3(CTT 3 _ 1 * DN CTT 3 _ 3 * DH )
GTL3 * GTL 2 * GTL1 * (CTT 3 _ 1 * DN * DH CTT 3 _ 3 * DH )
GTX 4 * GTX 3 DN (CTT 3 _ 1 CTT 3 _ 3 * DH )
RLT 4 DT 4 * CTT 4 _ 3 * DN GTX 4 * CTT 4 _ 3 * DH * DN
RLT 5
RLT 6
RLT 7
RLT 8
RLT 9
6. Bi ton ng m ca
ng m ca bung thang cho php hnh khch v hng ho c th di
chuyn ra v vo bung thang mt cch hp l, an ton khi thang my hot
ng. C th l khi bung thang ang nng hoc h th ca bung thang khng
c php m ra gy nguy him cho hnh khch. Ca bung thang c m
t ng trong thi gian quy nh khi thang my dng ti tng no sau t
ng ng li v ca cng c th c ng m cng bc nh nt ng m
ca cng bc trong bung thang hoc khi c yu cu gi tng ca chnh
hnh khch ti tng khi thang my cha nng hoc h. Hoc khi thang ang
ng th gp chng ngi vt khng th ng ca thang. Lu sau xc nh
cc trng thi ca ng m ca:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
43
n tt nghip

Lnh =
V tr
M ca
Ca chm cm
bin cha
No
Dng i
m 5 s
ng ca
Chm cm
bin ng
No
Xo lnh
iu khin ng m ca ta c cc t hp bin u vo gm c:
-
ng cng bc(DCB)
M cng bc(MCB)
Cm bin vt cn khi ng ca(CBVC)
C yu cu ca tng ( yu cu gi tng v yu cu n tng)(YCT)
Thi gian t ng m ca.(T)
Cm bin hnh trnh m ht ca(CBMC)
Cm bin hnh trnh ng ht ca(CBDC)
Xt trng hp m ca ta thy rng t hp bin u vo cho u ra m

ca ta thy:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
44
n tt nghip
Cc bin yu cu tng(YCT),cm bin hnh trnh ng(CBDC),cm bin vt

cn(CBVC) phi lun lun gi trng thi c nh.Nh vy ch cn li 2 bin
l ng cng bc(DCB),thi gian(T) ta cn t hp.
Bng di th hin s t hp cc trng thi u vo u ra:
DCB
CBT
CBDC
CBVC
DC
Sau khi t hp ta c phng trnh logic cho trng thi ng ca(DC) l:
DC CBDC * CBT * CBVC * DCB * T DCB * T DCB * T
DC CBDC * CBT * CBVC * ( DCB * T T )

DC CBDC * CBT * CBVC * ( DCB T )
*vi trng hp t hp cho m ca th cc bin t hp u vo tng t vi

trng hp ng ca tuy nhin thm bin yu cu tng:
- cc bin u vo ca trng hp m ca bao gm
- M cng bc(MCB)
- Thi gian cho php m ca(T)
- Cm bin tng(cm bin cho php dng chnh xc ti tng)(CBT).
- Cm bin hnh trnh m ht ca(CBMC).
- Yu cu ca tng(YCT)
- Cm bin vt cn(CBVC)
- trong cc bin trn ta thy cc bin cm bin tng lun = 1 ,cm bin m
ht ca cng lun bng 0 v nu cm bin m ht ca =1 th khng cn m
ca,v cm bin vt cn lun = 1 th ca mi c m ra bi nu cm bin vt
cn khng c th ca s ng .cn li 3 bin kia thay i ta s t hp trng thi
u vo cho u ra m ca.Di y l bng trng thi t hp:
MCB
YCT
CBT
CBMC
CBVC
MC
Svth: Don Hong Mai
45
n tt nghip
-t hp ta c phng trnh trng thi m ca nh sau:

MC CBT * CBMC * CBVC * MCB T YCT
7. Bi ton iu khin n v qut bung thang.

8. Bi ton x l cc s c xy ra i vi thang.
I.
II.
IV.
PLC
Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh (Programmable Logic Control), vit tt thnh

PLC, l loi thit b cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng
qua mt ngn ng lp trnh, thay cho vic phi th hin thut ton bng mch s.
B iu khin logic kh trnh l tng ca mt nhm k s hng General Motors
vo nm 1968 v h ra cc ch tiu k thut nhm p ng nhng yu cu iu
khin trong cng nghip:
D lp trnh v d thay i chng trnh iu khin, s dng thch hp
trong nh my.
Cu trc dng module d dng bo tr v sa cha.
Tin cy hn trong mi trng sn xut ca nh my cng nghip.
Dng linh kin bn dn nn c kch thc nh gn hn mch role chc
nng tng ng.
Gi thnh c kh nng cnh tranh cao.
c trng ca k thut PLC l vic s dng vi mch x l thng tin. Cc ghp ni
logic cn thit trong qu trnh iu khin c x l bng phn mm do ngi s
dng lp nn v ci t vo. Chnh do c tnh ny m ngi s dng c th gii
quyt nhiu bi ton v t ng ha khc nhau trn cng mt b iu khin v hu
Svth: Don Hong Mai
46
n tt nghip
nh khng phi bin i g ngoi vic np nhng chng trnh khc nhau. Nh vy,
vi chng trnh iu khin trong mnh, PLC tr thnh mt b iu khin s nh gn,
d thay i thut ton v c bit d trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh
(vi cc PLC khc hoc vi my tnh). Ton b chng trnh iu khin c lu
nh trong b nh ca PLC di dng cc khi chng trnh (khi OB, FC hoc FB)
v c thc hin lp theo chu k ca vng qut (scan).
thc hin mt chng trnh iu khin tt nhin PLC phi c chc nng nh mt
my tnh ngha l phi c mt b vi x l (CPU), mt h iu hnh, b nh lu
chng trnh iu khin, d liu v phi c cc cng vo ra giao tip c vi i
tng iu khin v trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh. Bn cnh
phc v bi ton iu khin s, PLC cn cn phi c thm cc khi chc nng c
bit khc nh l b m (Counter), b thi gian (Timer) v cc khi hm chuyn
dng.
S ra tng nhng ng dng PLC trong cng nghip thc y cc nh sn xut trn
th gii hon chnh cc h PLC vi mc khc nhau v kh nng, tc x l v
hiu xut. Cc h PLC pht trin t loi lm vic c lp, ch vi 20 ng vo/ra v
dung lng b nh chng trnh 500 bc n cc module nhm d dng m rng
thm kh nng v chc nng chuyn dng:
X l tn hiu lin tc (Module Analog).
iu khin ng c Servo, ng c bc.
Truyn thng.
Cng vi s pht trin ca k thut vi mch, k thut PLC c nhng bc tin b
vt bc. C th ni nu khng c k thut PLC th khng c t ng ha trong cc
ngnh cng nghip.
2.2 s tng qut ca PLC.

Hu ht cc h PLC ca cc hng sn xut trn th gii u c cc module chnh nh
sau:
-
B x l trung tm CPU: l b no ca PLC, x l chng trnh iu

khin.
B vo/ra (Input/Output Module): nhn tn hiu vo v gi tn hiu ra.
B nh (Memory Module): dng cha chng trnh iu khin d liu.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
47
n tt nghip
Hnh 1.2 : Nguyn l chung v cu trc ca mt b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC.
Thng thng tng tnh mm do trong ng dng thc t m phn ln

cc i tng iu khin c s tn hiu u vo, u ra cng nh chng loi tn hiu
vo/ra khc nhau m cc b iu khin PLC c thit k khng b cng ho v cu
hnh. Chng c chia nh thnh cc module. S module c s dng nhiu hay t
tu theo tng bi ton, song ti thiu bao gi cng phi c mt module chnh l
module CPU. Cc module cn li l nhng module nhn/truyn tn hiu vi i tng
iu khin, cc module chc nng chuyn dng nh PID, iu khin ng c
Chng c gi chung l module m rng. Tt c cc module c g trn nhng
thanh ray (Rack)
2.2.1 Module CPU.
Module CPU l loi module c cha b vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh, cc b
thi gian, b m , cng truyn thng (RS485) v c th cn c mt vi cng
vo/ra s. Cc cng vo/ra s c trn module CPU c gi l cng vo ra onboard.
Trong h PLC S7-300 c nhiu loi module CPU khc nhau. Ni chung chng
c t tn theo b vi x l c trong n nh module CPU312, CPU314, CPU315
Svth: Don Hong Mai
48
n tt nghip
Hnh 1.3: Module CPU314.

2.2.2 Module m rng.
Cc module m rng c chia thnh 5 loi chnh:
1) PS (Power supply): Module ngun nui. C 3 loi 2A, 5A v 10A.
2) SM (Signal module): Module m rng cng tn hiu vo/ra, bao
gm:
a) DI (Digital input): Module m rng cc cng vo s. S cc
cng vo s m rng c th l 8, 16 hoc 32 tu thuc vo
tng loi module.
b) DO (Digital output): Module m rng cc cng ra s. S cc
cng ra s m rng c th l 8, 16 hoc 32 tu thuc vo
tng loi module.
c) DI/DO (Digital input/Digital output): Module m rng cc
cng vo/ra s. S cc cng vo/ra s m rng c th l 8
vo/ 8 ra, 16 vo/16 ra tu thuc vo tng loi module.
d) AI (Analog input): Module m rng cc cng vo tng t.
V bn cht chng chnh l nhng b chuyn i tng t s
12 bits (AD), tc l mi tn hiu tng t c chuyn thnh
mt tn hiu s (nguyn) c di12 bits. S cc cng vo
tng t c th l 2, 4 hoc 8 tu tng loi module.
e) AO (Analog output): Module m rng cc cng ra tng t.
V bn cht chng chnh l nhng b chuyn i s tng t
Svth: Don Hong Mai
49
n tt nghip
(DA). S cc cng vo tng t c th l 2, hoc 4 tu tng

loi module.
f) AI/AO (Analog input/Analog out):Module m rng cc cng
vo/ra tng t. S cc cng vo/ra tng t c th l 4 u
vo/ 2 ra, hoc 4 vo/4 ra tu tng loi module.
3) IM (Interface module): Module ghp ni. ay l loi module
chuyn dng c nhim v ni tng nhm cc module m rng li
vi nhau thnh mt khi v c qun l chung bi mt module
CPU. Thng thng cc module m rng c g lin vi nhau trn
mt thanh gi l rack. Trn mi mt rack ch c th g c
nhiu nht 8 module m rng (khng k module CPU, module
ngun nui PS). Mt module CPU S7-300 c th lm vic trc tip
c vi nhiu nht 4 racks v cc rack ny phi c ni vi nhau
bng module IM.
4) FM (Function module): Module c chc nng iu khin ring, v
d nh module iu khin ng c bc, module iu khin ng
c servo, module PID, module iu khin vng kn
5) CP (Communication module): Module phc v truyn thng trong
mng gia cc PLC vi my tnh.
2.3 Cu trc b nh ca CPU.

B nh ca S7-300 c chia lm 3 min chnh:
1) Vng cha chng trnh ng dng. Vng nh chng trnh c
chia thnh 3 min:
OB (Organisation block): Min cha chng trnh t
FC (Function): Min cha chng trnh con c t chc
chc.
thnh hm c bin hnh thc trao i d liu vi chng trnh gi

n.
FB (Function block): Min cha chng trnh con, c
t chc thnh hm v c kh nng trao i d liu vi bt c mt khi
Svth: Don Hong Mai
50
n tt nghip
chng trnh no khc. Cc d liu ny phi c xy dng thnh mt

khi d liu ring (gi l DB-Data block).
2) Vng cha tham s ca h iu hnh v chng trnh ng dng,
c phn chia thnh 7 min khc nhau, bao gm:
I (Process image input): Min b m cc d liu cng
vo s. Trc khi bt u thc hin chng trnh, PLC s c gi tr

logic ca tt c cc cng u vo v ct gi chng trong vng nh I.
Thng thng chng trnh ng dng khng c trc tip trng thi
logic ca cng vo s m ch ly d liu ca cng vo t b m I.
Q (Process image output): Min b m cc d liu cng
ra s. Kt thc giai on thc hin chng trnh, PLC s chuyn gi tr

logic ca b m Q ti cc cng ra s. Thng thng chng trnh
khng trc tip gn gi tr ti tn cng ra m ch chuyn chng vo b
m Q.
M: Min cc bin c. Chng trnh ng dng s dng
vng nh ny lu gi cc tham s cn thit v c th truy nhp n

theo a ch bit(M), byte(MB), t (MW) hay t kp (MD).
T: Min nh phc v b thi gian (Timer) bao gm vic
lu gi gi tr thi gian t trc(PV-Preset value), gi tr m thi

gian tc thi(CV-Current value) cng nh gi tr logic u ra ca thi
gian.
C: Min nh phc v b m (Counter) bao gm vic lu
gi gi tr t trc(PV-Preset value), gi tr m tc thi(CV-Current

value) v gi tr logic u ra ca b m.
PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc module tng t (I/O
External input). Cc gi tr tng t ti cng vo ca module tng t

s c module c v chuyn t ng theo nhng a ch. Chng
trnh ng dng c th truy nhp min nh PI theo tng byte (PIB), tng
t (PIW) hoc theo tng t kp (PID).
PQ: Min a ch cng ra cho cc module twong t (I/O
External output). Cc gi tr theo nhng a ch ny s c module

Svth: Don Hong Mai
51
n tt nghip
tng t chuyn ti cc cng ra tng t. Chng trnh ng dng c

th truy nhp min nh PQ theo tng byte (PQB), tng t (PQW) hoc
tng t kp (DBD).
3) Vng cha cc khi d liu, c chia thnh 2 loi:
DB(Data block): Min cha cc d liu c t chc
thnh khi. Kch thc cng nh s lng khi do ngi s dng quy
nh, ph hp vi tng bi ton iu khin. Chng trnh c th truy
nhp min ny theo tng bit (DXB), byte (DBB), t (DBW) hoc theo
tng t kp (DBD).
L (Local data block): Min d liu a phng,c cc
khi chng trnh OB, FC, FB t chc v s dng cho cc bin nhp
tc thi v trao i d liu ca bin hnh thc vi nhng khi chng
trnh gi n. Ni dung ca mt s d liu trong min nh ny s b
xo khi kt thc chng trnh tng ng trong OB, FC, FB. Min ny
c th c truy nhp t chng trnh theo bit (L), byte(LB), t (LW)
hoc t kp(LD).
2.4 Vng qut chng trnh.

PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu k lp. Mi vng lp c gi l vng
qut (scan). Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on chuyn d liu t cc cng
vo s ti vng b m o I, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng
vng qut, chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin n lnh kt thc ca khi
OB1 (Block end). Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni
dung ca b m o Q ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on
truyn thng ni b v kim li.
Thi gian cn thit PLC thc hin c mt vng qut gi l thi gian vng
qut (Scan time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l khng phi vng qut
no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C vng qut c
thc hin lau, c vng qut c thc hin nhanh tu thuc vo s lnh trong chng
trnh c thc hin, vo khi d liu c truyn thng trong vng qut .
Nh vy gia vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi tn
hiu iu khin ti i tng c mt khong thi gian tr ng bng thi gian vng
Svth: Don Hong Mai
52
n tt nghip
qut. Ni cch khc, thi gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian thc ca chng
trnh iu khin trong PLC. Thi gian vng qut cng ngn, tnh thi gian thc ca
chng trnh cng cao.
2.4 K thut lp trnh.

Chng trnh cho S7-300 c lu trong b nh ca PLC vng dnh ring
cho chng trnh v c th c lp vi hai dng cu trc khc nhau:
Lp trnh tuyn tnh (linear programming): Ton b chng trnh iu khin
nm trong mt khi trong b nh. Loi hnh cu trc tuyn tnh ny ph hp
vi nhng bi ton t ng nh, khng phc tp. Khi c chn phi l khi
OB1, l khi m PLC lun qut v thc hin cc lnh trong n thng xuyn,
t lnh u tin n lnh cui cng v quay li lnh u tin. Khi nyc h
iu hnh gi theo chu k lp vi khong thi gian khng cch u nhau m
ph thuc vo di ca chng trnh. Cc loi khi chng trnh khc khng
tham gia trc tip vo vng qut. Cc khi OB khc khng tham gia vo vng
qut m c gi bng nhng tn hiu bo ngt. S7-300 c nhiu loi tn hiu
bo ngt nh tn hiu bo ngt khi c s c ngun nui, tn hiu bo ngt khi
c s c chp mch cc module m rng, tn hiu bo ngt theo chu k thi
gian v mi loi tn hiu bo ngt nh vy cng ch c kh nng gi mt
loi khi OB nht nh. Mi khi xut hin mt tn hiu bo ngt h thng s
tm dng cng vic ang thc hin li, chng hn nh tm dng vic thc hin
chng trnh x l ngt trong cc khi OB tng ng.
Lp trnh c cu trc (structure programming): l k thut ci t thut ton
iu khin bng cch chia nh thnh cc khi chng trnh con FC hay FB vi
mi khi thc hin mt nhim v c th ca bi ton iu khin chung v ton
b cc khi chng trnh ny li c qun l mt cch thng nht bi khi
OB1. Trong OB1 c cc lnh gi nhng khi chng trnh con theo th t ph
hp vi bi ton iu khin t ra.
Hon ton tng t, mt nhim v iu khin con c th cn c chia nh thnh

nhiu nhim v nh v c th hn na, do m t khi chng trnh con c ng
c th c gi t mt khi chng trnh con khc. Duy c m t iu cm k ta
cn phi trnh l khng bao gi mt kh i chng trnh con li gi n chnh n.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
53
n tt nghip
Ngoi ra, do c s hn ch v ngn xp ca cc module CPU nn khng c t

chc chng trnh con g i lng nhau qu s ln m module CPU c s d ng
cho php.
PLC S7-300 c bn loi khi c bn:
* Loi khi OB (Organization block): Khi t chc v qun l
chng trnh iu khin. C nhiu loi khi OB vi nhng chc nng khc
nhau, chng c phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn i sau nhm k t
OB, v d nh OB1, OB35, OB40
* Loi kh i FC(Program block): Kh i chng trnh vi nhng chc nng ring

gi ng nh m t chng trnh con hoc mt hm (chng trnh con c bin hnh
thc). M t chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi FC v cc khi FC ny c
phn bit vi nhau bng nhng s nguyn sau nhm k t FC. Chng hn nh FC1,
FC2
* Loi khi FB (Function block): L loi khi FC c bit c kh nng trao i mt
lng d liu ln vi cc khi chng trnh khc. Cc d liu ny phi c t chc
thnh khi d liu ring c tn gi l Data block. M t chng trnh ng dng c th c
nhiu khi FB v cc kh i FB ny c phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn sau
nhm k t FB. Chng hn nh FB1, FB2
*Loi khi DB (Data block): Khi cha cc d liu cn thit thc hin chng
trnh. Cc tham s ca kh i do ngi dng t t. Mt chng trnh ng d ng c th
c nhiu kh i DB v cc khi DB ny c phn bit vi nhau bng m t s nguyn sau
nhm k t DB. Chng hn nh DB1, DB2
Chng trnh trong cc khi c lin kt vi nhau bng cc lnh gi khi, chuyn
khi. Xem nhng phn chng trnh trong cc khi nh l cc chng trnh con th
S7-300 cho php gi chng trnh con lng nhau, tc l t chng trnh con ny gi
mt chng trnh con khc v t chng trnh con c gi li gi ti mt chng
trnh con th 3 . S cc lnh gi lng nhau ph thuc vo tng chng loi module
CPU m ta s dng. V d nh i vi module CPU314 th s lnh gi lng nhau
Svth: Don Hong Mai
54
n tt nghip
nhiu nht c th cho php l 8. Nu
s ln gi khi lng nhau m vt qu con
s gii hn cho php, PLC s t chuyn sang ch STOP v t c bo li.
Hnh 1.5: Lp trnh c cu trc.
Hnh 1.6: Thc hin gi khi FC10.

Nh vy, khi thc hin lnh gi mt khi con, h iu hnh s:
Chuyn khi con c gi t vng Load memory vo vng Work memory.
Cp pht cho khi con mt phn b nh trong Work memory lm local
block. Cu trc local block c quy nh khi son tho cc khi.
Truyn cc tham tr t khi m cho bin hnh thc IN, IN-OUT ca local
block.
Sau khi khi con thc hin xong nhim v v ghi kt qu di dng tham
tr u ra cho bin OUT, IN-OUT ca local block, h iu hnh s chuyn
Svth: Don Hong Mai
55
n tt nghip
cc tham tr ny cho khi m v gii phng khi con cng local block ra
khi vng Work memory.
2.5 Ngn ng lp trnh.

Cc loi PLC ni chung thng c nhiu ngn ng lp trnh nhm phc v cc i
tng s dng khc nhau. PLC S7-300 c ba ngn ng lp trnh c bn. l:
Ngn ng lit k lnh, k hiu l STL (Statement list). y l dng ngn
ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi
nhiu cu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v u
c cu trc chung
tn lnh + ton hng.
Ngn ng hnh thang, k hiu l LAD (Ladder logic). y l dng ngn ng
ho thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thit k mch iu khin logic.
Ngn ng hnh khi, k hiu l FBD (Function block diagram). y cng l
kiu ngn ng ho dnh cho ngi c thi quen thit k mch iu khin
s.
Mt chng trnh vit trn LAD hoc FBD c th chuyn sang c dng STL,
nhng ngc li th khng. Trong STL c nhiu lnh khng c trong LAD hay FBD.
Step7 l mt phn mm h tr:
- Khai bo cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC thuc h Simatic S7-300/400.
-
Xy dng cu hnh mng gm nhiu trm PLC S7-300/400 cng nh th tc

truyn thng gia chng.
Son tho v ci t chng trnh iu khin cho mt hoc nhiu trm.
Quan st vic thc hin chng trnh iu khin trong mt trm PLC v g ri
chng trnh.
Ngoi ra Step7 cn c c mt th vin y vi cc hm chun hu ch, phn
tr gip online rt mnh c kh nng tr li mi cu hi ca ngi s dng v cch

s dng Step7, v c php lnh trong lp trnh, v xy dng cu hnh cng ca mt
trm cng nh ca mt mng gm nhiu trm PLC
Svth: Don Hong Mai
56
n tt nghip
III.
IV.
V.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
CHNG IV: XY DNG M HNH M PHNG THANG MY
XI.
XC NH CC VN S M PHNG
v trn thc t c y cc thit b nn ta c th xy dng bi ton m phng vi

y cc chc nng ca thang my.Nhng khi m phng trn m hnh ca em vi
iu kin hin c ti phng th nghim v trn th trng.M hnh thc t ca em c
th khng th m phng c ht cc tnh nng ca thang.Mt s cc thit b khng
ging thit b tht, cc cm bin c thay th tng ng
XII. XY DNG KT CU CHO M HNH M PHNG
XIII. XY DNG K HOCH M PHNG V KIM NGHIM

TRN THC T.
Vi h thng l thuyt c nghin cu cc chng trc, chng ta thit lp
c h thng thang my trn l thuyt nhng c mt im l tt c u ch c m t trn
l thuyt v cha c a vo kim nghim. tng thm tnh st thc ca n v tng
thm tnh thuyt phc.
Xut pht t nhng im chnh , em i vo xy dng m hnh thang my ch
ngi 4 tng n gin c n gin ho bt cc chc nng so vi cc tnh nng xy dng
trn. Mc d khng m t c ht cc tnh nng ca thang my nhng n cng phn no
m t c nhng tnh nng iu khin bung thang.
Vi m hnh ny chng ta c th vn dng phng php tng hp cc h iu khin
logic.
Cu trc chi tit ca m hnh c m t:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
57
n tt nghip
+ Bn trong bung thang c 4 nt iu khin ( tm gi l cc nt yu cu n tng - DT:

DT1, DT2, DT3, DT4) v 4 n tng ng minh ho cho trng thi yu cu ca mi nt n.
+ Bn ngoi bung thang c 6 nt n v 6 n tng ng m t trng thi yu cu ca 6 nt
n :
- Tng 1 c 1 nt n yu cu ln cc tng trn ( 1GTL), v c 1 n trng thi
(DENL1) minh ho cho yu cu ca nt n : khi nt 1GTL c nhn th DENL1 s sng,
n khi no bung thang dng tng 1 th DENL1 s sng nhp nhy, sau 1 khong thi
gian thit lp n s tt i.
- Tng 2 c 2 nt n gi tng (2GTL, 2GTX) v 2 n trng thi.
- Tng 3 c 2 nt n gi tng (3GTL, 3GTX) v 2 n trng thi.
- Tng 4 c 1 nt n gi tng (4GTX) v 1 n trng thi.
+ C cu truyn ng nng, h bung thang y dng 1 ng c in 1 chiu v hp
gim tc, bung thang c ko bi 1 cp gn puly trc hp gim tc qua dng dc gn
trn nc ca c cu.
+ Mt c cu ng m ca tng khi bung thang n tng cn phc v ( dng 1 ng c
1 chiu c o chiu).
+ iu khin cp in cho 2 ng c : 1 ng c truyn ng nng - h bung thang, v
1 ng c truyn ng ng - m ca tng, y dng 4 rle iu khin cho 2 ng
c ng vi 2 chiu chuyn ng(nng-h, ng-m).
+ Tng ng trn mi tng c gn 1 cng tc tng (cm bin tng) xc nh v tr ca
bung thang.
+ Ngun in s dng cho m hnh :
- Dng ngun 5V DC hoc 12V DC cp cho 2 ng c truyn ng (I <5A)
- Dng ngun 24V DC cp cho cc cm bin tng, cc nt n yu cu iu khin.
- Cc n trng thi c iu khin v nhn trc tip tn hiu t PLC.
T m hnh xy dng sinh vin c thc tp vi cc yu cu cng ngh sau:

1. Cng ngh 1:
2. Cng ngh 2.
Xy dng chng trnh iu khin thang my ch ngi 4 tng n gin.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
58
n tt nghip
- iu khin thang my bng 4 nt n tng (DT1, DT2, DT3, DT4) trong bung
thang v 4 nt gi tng tng ng trn mi tng (1GT,2GT, 3GT,4GT).
- C 4 cng tc tng b tr 4 tng xc nh v tr ca bung thang.
- Minh ho trng thi c chn ca cc nt yu cu bng cc n tng ng.
- Cc nt yu cu iu khin (DT v GT) c th c chn lin tip v c lu gi,
khi chng c x l u tin theo hnh trnh.
- Khi bung thang c iu khin n tng yu cu n s dng li trong vng 5s,
lc ny n bo rtng thi ti tng cng sng nhp nhy. Sau 5s n s tt, nu cn yu
cu n cc tng khc th thang my tip tc, cn nu khng n s dng li ti v tr .
3. Cng ngh 3.
- iu khin thang my bng 4 nt DT trong bung thang v 4 nt GT ti mi tng.
C 4 cng tc tng b tr ti mi tng.
- Cc yu cu iu khin c th c la chn lin tip, minh ho bng n trng thi
sng. Cc yu cu ny s c x l u tin theo hnh trnh ang chuyn ng. Khi bung
thang di chuyn ti tng yu cu, ca bung thang s m ra ng thi n trng thi s sng
nhp nhy, sau khong 5s ca bung thang ng li, n trng thi tt. Nu cn yu cu iu
khin th bung thang tip tc c iu khin, nu khng n s dng ti v tr tng .
4. Cng ngh 4.
- iu khin thang my bng 4 nt DT (DT1, DT2,DT3,DT4) trong bung thang v 6
nt GT (1GTL, 2GTL, 2GTX, 3GTL, 3GTX, 4GTX) ti cc ca tng. C 4 cm bin tng b
tr ti cc tng xc nh v tr ca bung thang.
- Khi nhn cc nt DT hoc GT , cc yu cu ny s c lu gi v s c x l
u tin theo hnh trnh.
- Khi bung thang ti tng yu cu, n hu yu cu c x l, dng li trong
khong 5s, lc ny n trng thi nhp nhy vi tn s 0,5Hz. Sau khong thi gian ny n
trng thi tt, nu cn yu cu n tip tc x l, nu khng n s dng li ti v tr tng .
Svth: Don Hong Mai
59

Do An Tong Quan Thang May PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Do An Tong Quan Thang May PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

n tt nghip

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

VI. Dng chnh xc bung thang.................................................................... 29

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

CHNG I: NGHIN CU PHN TCH CU TRC THANG MY

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Hnh 1.1 : hnh dng tng th ca thang my

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Vit Nam trc y thang my ch yu c s dng trong cc ngnh cng

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

1. Phn loi theo chc nng

2. Phn loi theo tc dch chuyn.

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Thang my tc trung bnh: v= 1 2,5 m/s. Thng dng cho cc

Thang my tc rt cao(Siu tc) : v = 5m/s. Thng dng trong cc

3. Phn loi theo ti trng

4. Phn loi theo v tr t b ko ti

5. Theo h thng vn hnh.

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

2. Thit b lp t trong bung my

c cu nng c hp tc (hnh 1.3 a)

c cu nng khng dng hp tc (hnh 1.3 b).

C cu nng khng c hp tc thng c s dng trong cc thang my

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

+ T in : trong t in lp rp cu dao tng, cu ch cc loi, cng tc t v

Hnh 1.2 :cc thit b c kh lp trong thang.

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

+ B phn hn ch tc 4 (hnh 1.2) lm vic phi hp vi phanh bo him

3. Thit b lp trong ging thang my

4. Thit b lp t trong h ging thang my

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Hnh 1.3 : C cu nng thang

5. Cc thit b c nh trong ging thang

5.2 Gim chn

6. Cabin v cc thit b lin quan

6.1 Khung cabin

6.2 Ngm dn hng

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

6.3 H thng treo ca bin

6.4 Bung cabin

6.5 H thng ca cabin v ca tng

7. H thng cn bng trong thang my

Svth: Don Hong Mai