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Egypt's Old Kingdom

For use zuith pages 47-s2

[ey lerms
pharaoh: Egyptian king (page 48)

deity: god or goddess (page a9)

embatming: mummy-making process (page 49)

mummy: body preserved by wrapping (page 50)

pyramid: mountainlike stone structure (page 50)

Drawing From Experience

What if everyone dropped to one knee w,hen your

principal walked down the school ha11? Or, what if the
teachers obeyed his or her word without question?
In the last section, you learned why the earliest Egyptians settled along the banks of the Nile River. In this section, you will learn about the absolute power of the
Egyptian pharaohs.
0rganizing Your Thou ghts

Use the following web to note Egyptian beliefs and the

ways these beliefs affected their cirrilization.
1. Pharaohs

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4. Life After Death

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RneurNc EssgNTrALs AND Slur Old Kingdom Rulers

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Egypt was ruled by all-powerful pharaohs.

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The Otd Kingdom began in Egypt aro
lasted about 300 years. The Egyptians bu 1 i.. ,,.i il I -:ili
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expanded trade.'Their kings,"or pharaoh
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The pharaoh's word had to be obeye( '.^,tti -. rz ,.( r.. rr \.,

tion. Pharaohs appointed officials wht o i' "iC\t L,L.W

the kingdom's unify depended on a stror

the son of Re,
thoughi the pharaoh
god. Wheturr"r the pharaoh appeared in
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RnanrNc EssgNTIALs AND Sruny Gurnn

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Egyptians thought the dead went or

journey. At the end, they came to a place of peact ,,
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Life After Death

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t ''i-i .T ;-J -fThe Bo:k of the Dead was a collection of spells. . i....-r; i,l-' l;i -::
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prayers. Egyptians studied this writing to reachl g:. { :
death. They learned the spells and led good lives 1 j
believed that the god Osiiis would thei grant th .
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after death.
For centuries, Eg'yptians believed that only th , ; i.l,,t, \ ,
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the pharaoh's_spirit neecled a body. ir t',ir body d r
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his spirit would wander forever. If the pharaoh's i

reached the next world, he would continue to ca 1 i .

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oped i p.o."sr .riled embalming. It lr-tciuded .r' ., . i Li*., .,, i',., i-i r,
-organsfromthedeadbody,dryingthebody,filJ,'*i" "-i:, .,,,.-.
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,p1".", and perfume-s, ,"*ir-rg the dody closed,
and wrapping it in

linen.

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burial.

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EgyptianMedicineByembalmingthedead,theEgy
learned about the human bJdy. They used hJrt ',_}.,t
drugs to treat illnesses. They sewed up cuts anr

brokenbones.

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f gyptians also wrote the world's fiist medical 1 "\t*i' -t'" -

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