Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

CHNG 3

TNH TOAN LNG KHONG KH CHO CONG TRNH

III.1. TNH TOAN NHIET
III.1.1. Phng trnh can bang nhiet o cua nha Xng
Q = Qt - Qtt.
Trong o:
+ Q : Lng nhiet tha.
+ Qt : Nhiet o Xam nhap vao phong.
+ Qtt : Lng nhiet ton that trong phong.
III.1.2. Nhiet o tnh toan cua khong kh
III.1.2.1. Nhiet o ngoai tri
- Mua nong: Nhiet o trung bnh cao nhat trong nam (tttng) c cho vao luc 13
14h ( thang 6 hoac thang 7), (lay trong bang tram kh lng thuy van).
- Mua lanh: t 6 7h (nhat la thang 1) nhiet o lanh nhat.
III.1.2.2. Nhiet o trong nha
- Mua nong:
Ttttr = tttng + (2 5)0C
- Mua lanh:
ttttr = 18 200C
III.1.3. Tnh toan lng nhiet Xam nhap vao phong
III.1.3.1. Lng nhiet toa ra do ngi:
Phu thuoc vao cac yeu to: Nhiet o trong phong, tnh chat cua quan ao, van
toc chuyen ong cua khong kh va cng o lam viec (Xem bang 3 1).
BANG 3-1. So lng nhiet, am (g/h) toa ra do ngi ln tuoi
ai lng

+ Nhiet: Hien
Kn
Toan phan
+ Am:
+ Nhiet: Hien
Kn
Toan phan
+ Am:

So lng nhiet (kcal/h), am (g/h) khi nhiet o KK trong

phong 0C
10
15
20
25
30
35
trang thai yen tnh
120
100
75
50
35
10
20
25
25
30
45
70
140
125
100
80
80
80
30
40
40
50
75
115
Lam viec tr oc
120
100
80
50
35
10
20
25
40
70
85
110
140
125
120
120
120
120
30
40
70
105
140
195
Lam viec vat ly nhe nhang

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

+ Nhiet: Hien
Kn
Toan phan
+ Am:
+ Nhiet: Hien
Kn
Toan phan
+ Am:
+ Nhiet: Hien
Kn
Toan phan
+ Am:

130
105
85
25
30
45
155
135
130
40
55
75
Khi lam viec nang trung bnh
140
115
90
45
65
85
185
180
175
70
110
140
Khi lam viec nang
120
140
110
80
110
140
250
250
250
135
185
240

55
70
125
115

35
90
125
150

5
120
125
200

60
110
170
185

35
135
170
230

5
165
170
280

80
170
250
295

45
205
250
355

10
240
250
415

Qh = C A 2.5 + 10.3 v k (35 t p )

Trong o: - c :

He so ke en cng o lam viec

+ c = 1 (Cong viec nhe).
+ c = 1.07 (Cong viec trung bnh).
+ c = 1.15 (Cong viec nang).
- A : He so ke en anh hng cua quan ao.
+ A = 0.65 :ao quan bnh thng.
+ A = 0.4 : oi vi ao quan am.
+ tp : nhiet o khong kh trong phong.
III.1.3.2. Lng nhiet toa ra do chieu sang:
QCS = aF
Trong o:
- a: Tieu chuan toa sang (W/m2). a = E qcs c/s
- F: Dien tch mat san cua phong (m2).
QCS = E F qcs c/s.
Trong o:
- E :o chieu sang (lyc).(en huynh quang 300, en bnh thng 200).
- q :Lng nhiet toa ra tren n v dien tch khi E = 1lyc (0.05 0.03
en huynh quang; 0.13 0.25 en day toc).
- c/s :Hieu suat nhiet toa vao phong (0.5 en huynh quang ; 0.85 en
day toc).
III.1.3.3. Lng nhiet toa ra do ong c
Q = N
Trong o:

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

- He so : = 123 (1 - + 4).
+ 1 : he so s dung cong suat (0.7 0.9)
+ 2 : he so tai trong thng nhan (0.5 0.8)
+ 3 : he so lam viec ong thi cua cac ong c (0.5 1).
+ 4 : he so chuyen t c nang en nhiet nang
+ : hieu suat ong c (0.75 0.92).
Tnh toan nhanh nhan = 0.4 (40% nhiet o ong c toa ra moi trng ben
trong).
Qc = N (1 - )
: hieu suat ong c (0.75 0.92).
III.1.3.4. Lng nhiet toa ra do ot nhien lieu:
Q = Qct Gnt
Trong o:
+ Gnt : lng nhien lieu ot chay trong 1 gi.
+ Qct : nhiet tr thap cua nhien lieu c tra bang nhiet tr cua nhien lieu
hay theo cong thc Mendelep.
+ Qua trnh ot chay cua nhien lieu c bieu th bang (0.9 0.97).
III.1.3.5. Lng nhiet toa ra t san pham
- San pham khi lam nguoi co trang thai chuyen pha.
Q = [ Cd (td tn/c) + inc + CR (tnc - tc)] G.
t0
t
tnc
tc

qnc
T

Trong o:
+ Cd ,CR : La nhiet dung rieng cua vat lieu trang thai long va ran.
+ td, tc, tn/c : La nhiet o tng ng vi trang thai au va cuoi va chuyen
bien pha (nong chay) cua vat lieu.
+ G: khoi lng vat lieu (kg) a vao lam viec trong thi gian 1 gi.
- oi vi san pham lam nguoi khong co trang thai thay oi.
Q = C (t - tc) G.
III.1.3.6. Lng nhiet toa ra t thiet b nong.
Q = bm (tbm - tp) F
3

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

Trong o:
+ tbm : nhiet o be mat thiet b
+ tp : nhiet o khong kh.
+ bm : he so truyen nhiet gia be mat va khong kh trong phong.

bm = 10 v k

(W/m2k2)

+ bm = 10.44 W/m2.k , (nhiet o thap)

+ bm = 29 W/m2.k , (nhiet o cao)
III.1.3.7. Lng nhiet toa ra t lo nung:
Q = k ( ttr tXq ) F (w).
Vi: + k: he so truyen nhiet (W/m2.K)
1
k=

1
1
+
+

tr

ng

Neu co nhieu lp th:

k =

1
n

i = 1

1
1
+
+
+
i

tr
ng

+ : He so dan nhiet (W/m.K)

+ tr, ng: He so trao oi nhiet trong va ngoai.
oi lu

tp
Truyen nhiet

t
tr

Dan nhiet

Khi co nhieu lp cach nhiet ta co the bo qua thanh phan .

1
1

+
+

tr
ng
trong cong thc (*)

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

(*)

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

III.1.3.8. Lng nhiet toa ra t ong dan:

Q=

(th tn )l
1
2cn

ln

1
d cn
+
d ng ngd ng
dng

dcn

+ ng = 8 + 0.04 th :he so trao oi be ngoai mat ong

ng = 8 + 0.04 t h + 0.6 v k
III.1.3.9. Nhiet bc Xa mat tri:
Nhiet bc Xa mat tri Xuyen qua ca knh:
Q = T1 X T2 X T3 X T X bbX X F

Trong o:
+ qbX: cng o bc Xa mat tri c tnh bang thi iem tnh toan.
+ F: dien tch cua ca knh
+ T1: tnh en o trong suot cua knh ( mot lp knh: T1 = 0.9 ; 2 lp T1 = 0.81)
+ T2: he so o ban cua knh (1 lp: 0.8 ;2 lp: 0.7 ; knh nghien mot lp 0.65).
+ T3: he so ke en mc o che khuat cua canh ca (so lieu sach trang 32 ; Thong
gio va ky thuat X ly khi).
+ T4: he so tnh en che khuat cua tam che nang
Ovang 0.45,
La sach 0.1
Sn trang uc: 0.65 0.8.
Knh nham: 0.3
Rem che nang pha ngoai ca : 0.7
Pha trong ca : 0.4
III.1.3. Nhiet tieu hao:
- Ton that nhiet qua ket cau phong.
Q = k X F X t X t
Trong o:
+ tt:hieu nhiet gia trong va ngoai nha
ttt = (ttttr - tttng)

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

1

k=

tr

i
1
+
i ng

+ ttttr, tttng : Nhiet tnh toan cua khong kh ben trong va ben ngoai nha
+
: He so ke en v tr tng oi cua ket cau bao che so vi
khong kh ngoai tri: Tran ham mai (0.75 0.9) ; San tang
tret (0.4 0.6)
Ton that nhiet khac : lng nhiet tieu hao do phng hng. Hng nha co kha
nang lam tang s trao oi nhiet o gia be mat tng vi khong kh Xung
quanh
Bo sung phan tram that thoat nhiet o nao o
Q = Q0 (1 + %)
B 10%

T
10%

5%
T

10%

10%

0%
TN

0% N

5%

III.1.4. Nhiet va am Xam nhap vao phong:

III.1.4.1. T be mat nc t do
- Nhiet hien
Q = F (5.71 + 4.06 vk) ( tn tp) ; (W)
- Nhiet kn.
Q = W X Ih
Trong o:
+ W: lng nc bay hi : W = (a + 0.0174 vk)(P2 P1)F
+ Ih: entapi cua hi: Ih = 2500 + 1.8 tn (kj/kg)
+ a: he so linh ong cua khong kh tren be mat chat long (phu thuoc nhiet
o)
T0C

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

T< 30
30 40
50
60
70
80
90
100

0.022
0.028
0.033
0.037
0.041
0.046
0.051
0.06

+ P1 : Ap suat hi nc trong khong kh Xung quanh

+ P2 : Ap suat rieng phan hi nc tren be mat nc
III.1.4.2. Khi ra thiet b:

W =

G n (t d t c ) kg
h

585

Trong o:
+ Gn : Lu lng nc ra
+ t , tc: Nhiet o au va cuoi nc ra
III.1.4.3. Do ro r hi nc:
- Nhiet toan phan
Q = 2 10-2 Gh X Ih (KJ/kg)
- Ngoai ra
W = (Chbm - ChXq) F
Tong o:

C hbm = 2.16 10 3

P
= P2
273 + t

ChXq = P1
+ : He so truyen khoi gia hi nc va be mat Xung quanh
c Xac nh qua chuan so NuXen truyen khoi

Re =

vk L

ud

L
D

P rd =

=2+

kk

1
Re
2

kk

0 .5

P rd

kk
kk

(Tra bang so tay)

III.2. XAC NH LNG KH OC HAI XAM NHAP VAO NHA XNG
7

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

III.2.1. Xac nh lng chat oc hai sinh ra t thiet b lam viec di ap suat:

P1 = P2 +
2

v2 =

2v22
2

(P1 P2 ) =

1 p1
=
2 p2

1
k

Trong o:
+ 1 : Khoi lng rieng khong kh trong thiet b
+ 2 : Khoi lng rieng khong kh ngoai thiet b
+ k : Ty le Cp / Cv
- Khi p < 2500 Pa ( 255 kg/m2). (Sai so 0.5% )

v=

- 2500 < p < 20.000 ( 2040 kgt/m2). (Sai so 5% )

- p > 20.000 Pa.

v =

2k 1
1 2
k 1 2
1

k 1
k

Lu lng kh ro r
G = .f.v
Trong o:
+ f : tiet dien tong cong
+ : he so lu lng.
Ngoai ra:

G = Dc v

M
T

Trong o:
8

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

+ c : He so phu thuoc ap suat (bang 3.2)
Bang 3.2. Tr so cua he so C
Ap
suat

at
105P
a

He so
C

<2
< 1.96

2
1.96

7
6.9

17
15.7

41
40

161
156

401
393

1001
981

0.121

0.166

0.182

0189

0.152

0.298

0.31

0.37

+ v : the tch ben trong cua thiet b

+ M : khoi lng phan t trong khoi
+ D : he so d tr (1;2)
III.2.2. Xac nh lng chat oc hai sinh ra t thiet b lam viec ap suat am.
- Khi p > 1000 Pa thiet b lam viec vi ap suat chan khong.
- p < 1000 Pa.
+ Khi C0 105c (C0: Nong o kh oc hai ben trong) S ro r manh.
+ Khi ap suat (-): t 40 60 pa lng kh ro r t 70gcal/h.
e am bao c kh thong thoang ta dung thiet b co cong suat 70.000 km3/h (ton
chi ph cao).
Cac cong thc Xac nh kh ro r.
a) oi vi khe ranh dang gan tron:

f C0 D2
G=
v a2
Trong o:
+ a: kch thc trung bnh cua khe ranh (g/m3)
+ f: m2 (dien tch khe ranh)
+ C0 : g/m3
+ v: van toc kh trong khe ranh
+ D : m3/s (he so khuyech tan)
b) Khe ranh hnh ch nhat

1 f C0 D2
G=
2 v a2

Xac nh lng chat oc hai sinh ra t cho noi truc quay.

G= d B
9

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

Trong o:
+ G:lng kh ro r.
+ d: ng knh truc (mm)
+ p: ap suat d (p1 p2) , (at, kg/cm2)
+ B: he so thc nghiem

oi vi san pham dau mo co tnh an mon cao: B = 5

Xang ,dau hoa: B = 2.5

Noi dicdac

G = 10 f

12 22
n 1

. .g

Trong o:
+ f: Dien tch cua khe ro (cm2)
+ P1, P2 : La ap lc trc va sau lp em khuat khuc, at
+ n: So buong khuat khuc
+ : Khoi lng rieng cua kh oc hai, kg/m3.
III.2.3. Xac nh lng chat oc hai thoat ra t be mat dung dch t do:
G = M (0.000352 + 0.000786 v).P.E

(kg/h).

Trong o:
+ P: Ap suat hi bao hoa tren be mat tng ng vi nhiet o cua dung
dch (tra bang 3.3)
+ M:Khoi lng phan t tng oi cua dch bay hi
+ F: Dien tch be mat bay hi.
+ v: Van toc chuyen ong cua khong kh tren be mat dch
+ G: Lu lung khoi lng dung dch bay hi,
Bang 3.3. Ap suat hi bao hoa P cua mot so dch khi td =200C
Loai dch
P.Pa (mmHg)
Loai dch
P.Pa (mmHg)
Ete
5720
Ru Amyl, clo
532 (4)
benzen
AXeton
3720
Anilin, nitrobenzen
40 (0.3)
Ru etyl, Benzen
2000
Thuy ngan
0.16 (0.0012)
icloetan
III.2.4. Xac nh lng dung moi bay hi:

G=

A mF
100

Trong o:
10

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai giang mon Ky thuat x ly kh thai- Thac sy Lam Vnh Sn

+ A: lng vat lieu sn tnh cho 1m2 be mat thanh pham (g/m2)
+ m: ham lng dung moi de bay hi trong vat lieu %.
+ F: dien tch be mat thanh pham can sn trong 1 gi, (m2/h)
(A va m cho trong bang 3.4 )
Bang 3.4. Lng vat lieu sn cho mot lp thanh pham A va ham lng dung
moi (m) trong no
Vat lieu
Phng phap sn
Sn may bay khong mau
Ban chai, but long
Chat gan nitro
Ban chai, but long
Keo nitro
Ban chai, but long
Sn may bay co mau va trang men
Phun
Sn dau va trang men
Phun

A,g/m2
200
100 -180
160
180
60 - 90

m, %
92
35 10
80 5
75
35

III.2.5. Xac nh kh sinh ra do ot nhien lieu:

GK = Gn . gk
Trong o:
+ Gk: Lu lng khoi lng kh toa ra khi ot chay nhien lieu (kg/h).
+ Gn: Lu lng khoi lng cua nhien lieu chay (kg/h).
+ gk : Khoi lng san pham chay tnh cho 1kg nhien lieu (kg/kg). (Xem
bang 3.5).
Phng phap Xac nh lng kh oc hai bang phng phap o ac phan
tch thanh phan khong kh.

G =

V ( 2 1 ) + L ( R v ) t
10 6 t

Trong o:
+ G: Lu lng khoi lng cua kh Xam nhap vao phong (kg/h)
+ V: The tch cua phong (m3)
+ X1,X2 : Tng ng la nong o ban au va cuoi cua kh oc hai co
trong khong kh cua phong (mg/m3) .
+ L: Lu lng khong kh thong gio cho phong (m3/h)
+ Xv , XR : Nong o kh oc hai co trong khong kh vao va ra khoi
phong (mg/m3).
+ t: Thi gian th nghiem

11

http://www.ebook.edu.vn